CN102498778B - Method for improving saline-alkali sandy loam in areas formerly flooded by Yellow River - Google Patents
Method for improving saline-alkali sandy loam in areas formerly flooded by Yellow River Download PDFInfo
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- CN102498778B CN102498778B CN2011103641579A CN201110364157A CN102498778B CN 102498778 B CN102498778 B CN 102498778B CN 2011103641579 A CN2011103641579 A CN 2011103641579A CN 201110364157 A CN201110364157 A CN 201110364157A CN 102498778 B CN102498778 B CN 102498778B
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Abstract
A method for improving saline-alkali sandy loam in areas formerly flooded by the Yellow River is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1), manufacturing organic compost; and (2), spreading the compost, namely, spreading the organic compost in a plant planting area uniformly, uniformly mixing the layer of top soil under the earth surface of the planting area with the spread organic compost, and leveling the earth. When acidophilous trees and flowering shrubs are planted, mixed compost and original soil dug out from a plant planting hole are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1 and then are backfilled and tamped. The invention provides the method for improving saline-alkali sandy loam in areas formerly flooded by the Yellow River; and the method is suitable for planting and eco-landscape construction, makes the best of green garbage produced during garden maintenance and management, is economical, practical, economical and environment-friendly, and effectively maintains and improves the ecological environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil melioration technology, be applied to the improvement of areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River salinization of soil sandy loam.
Background technology
In history since the Yellow River repeatedly change its course and floods take place frequently, about 10,000,000,000 tons of silts have been taken to Basin of Huaihe River, the areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River area reaches 5.4 ten thousand square kilometres, is equivalent to the over half of Jiangsu the whole province gross area.After big flood is broken through, stayed thick sandstone and the yellow mud that reaches several Mi Shen, reclaimed for the field, areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River and brought great difficulty.Be example with Xuzhou, the Yellow River is after invading the Kaifeng and taking nasal mucus stream by force, leaving the riverbed again changes its course and leaves away, in this process, yellow general deposition has been brought a large amount of aleuritic texture clasts, make two sides, ancient the Yellow River form huge thick silt, the sand silt, from present Xuzhou overall survey of soil data, soil, the whole city gross area is 1238.05 ten thousand mu, wherein salinization, salinization of soil, alkalization great soil group soil area reaches 2,290,000 mu, Gao Sha, a saline and alkaline essential characteristic that becomes areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River soil, by comparing to the sample analysis of its soil nutrient situation and chemical property with the natural cinnamon soil of this area, the result shows that it is 7.9 that its pH value is approximately 8.35(nature cinnamon soil), the content of organic matter is that 0.87%(nature cinnamon soil is 1.09%), nitrogen content is that 0.071%(nature cinnamon soil is 0.088%), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 55.6mg/kg, full phosphorus amount is that 0.058%(nature cinnamon soil is 0.085%), rapid available phosphorus 2.6 mg/kg, full potassium amount is that 1.897%(nature cinnamon soil is 2.555%), available potassium is 61.0 mg/kg.The areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River soil organic matter and full dose nutrient are far below the mean value of the natural cinnamon soil in this area, and pH value is higher.This area's soil physical properties mainly shows as: unit weight is big, is unfavorable for pricking under the root, and is unfavorable to the plant growth; The average more natural cinnamon soil of total porosity (42.07 %) is lower slightly, and capillary porosity (34.72 %) also is lower than the nature cinnamon soil, shows that this face of land, district ventilation drainage is poor, water-holding capacity is far below the water-holding capacity of the natural cinnamon soil in this area, the guarantor is fertile, water retention capacity is poor, heat absorption, rapid heat dissipation, and insulating power is poor.
Gao Sha, saline and alkaline, drought and waterlogging become the major limitation sex factor that improves the soil productive potential, how the soil in these degenerations carries out the ecoscape engineering construction, how the soil of degenerating is carried out science improvement and improvement, to increase soil fertility, improve plant quality, to the sustainable development in existing city with safeguard that ecotope all is significant.The method of generally using in the prior art is included in mixes acid mountain earth, applying organic manure material or uses soil conditioner etc. in the salt affected soil, though above-mentioned measure has certain effect to the improvement of salinization of soil sandy loam, but material cost is higher, can't be extensive use of at present.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River salinization of soil sandy loam improvement method, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1), make organic compost:
A, leaf, branch (can adopt the green rubbish such as a large amount of leaves, branch of the generation after prune in gardens) are pulverized with cracker, the pulverizing length control of branch is in 12cm, preferably less than 5cm; Add water after focusing on leaf, branch after pulverizing in the compost pond, the material water quality is than being 1:2～3;
The C/N ratio of the material that b, regulating step a mix;
C, in above-mentioned material, add microorganism-decomposing agent and EM bacterial classification, every cubic metre of material adds 1～2 kilogram EM stoste, the EM stoste elder generation of every cubic metre of material adding dilutes with 20 kilograms water, splash in material, evenly stir material then, with the bank that stirs chevron or trapezoidal fermentation the into strips;
After d, bank are good, cover Polypropylence Sheet and light screening material, during the fermentation, turned over once heap in 5～7 days, the turning number of times is being advisable more than twice;
(2), the shop is fertile:
The organic compost that step (1) is made is is evenly spread out and put on the plant growing area, one deck table soil below the growing area face of land is mixed thoroughly with the organic compost of spreading out and putting on, flatten landform then; When plantation happiness acids arbor and flowering shrub, after the original soil that the compost that mixes and plant planting hole are dug out mixes according to the ratio of 1:1, backfill tamping again.
Further technical scheme also comprises:
Described step b can adopt a kind of enforcement in the following method:
A, add 6～10 kilograms of urea in every cubic metre of material, urea is earlier soluble in water to add in the material again;
B, in every cubic metre of material, add 10 kilograms diammonium phosphate;
Add 200 kilogram of one animal fecaluria in week in C, every cubic metre of material.
For the pH value soil with high, can be with the compost that ferments according to 0.5Kg/m
3Amount add Cosan, be laid on growing area after fully stirring.
Situation at the famine of fertility deficiency and potash fertilizer in the soil, can in the compost that ferments, add fertilizer: can increase the dried poultrymanure that becomes thoroughly decomposed and make base manure, other adds the deficiency that potassium superphosphate replenishes potash fertilizer, and as preferably, the dried poultrymanure addition that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 7.5 Kg/m
3, potassium superphosphate is 0.4 Kg/m
3, fully mix all with compost then.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Environmental protection and saving of the present invention, cost is low, and draws materials easily, and easy to implement, the reclamation result after the enforcement is good, and the plant growing way is vigorous, and the later stage damage by disease and insect is few, and the plant survival rate height can be used for large-area improvement of the ecological environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of embodiment.
Embodiment
In order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and technical purpose, below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments the present invention is done further introduction.
As shown in the figure, at the lower situation of the content of organic matter in the areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River salinization of soil sandy loam, at first make organic compost and solve, the manufacturing process of compost is:
A, greening rubbish such as a large amount of leaves produce, branch are pruned in gardens, pulverized with cracker, branch is pulverized length preferably less than 5 centimetres, does not the longlyest surpass 12 centimetres.Add an amount of water then in the compost pond, the general amount of water that requires reaches more than 60%～75% mixed material moisture for material (branch of pulverizing, leaf) water ratio is 1 ︰ 2～3.
B, adjusting C/N ratio, require material C/N ratio 25～35 ︰ 1 in theory, ferment effect is just relatively good, but leaf, branch carbon nitrogen be approximately than being 65～85 ︰ about 1, and carbon element too high being unfavorable for ferments, even fermentation is finished, the compost of producing still C/N ratio is too high, if impose on soil, then may produce the phenomenon of microorganism in the soil and ornamental plant contention nitrogen, cause seedling growth bad, for example nitrogen stress and yellow, symptom such as thin and weak.The solution of C/N ratio: in every cubic metre material, add 6～10 kilograms of urea and ferment together, the adding again but urea is dissolved in the water earlier; Perhaps in every cubic metre material, add 10 kilograms of diammonium phosphate; Perhaps add the effect that 200 kilogram of one animal fecaluria in week can reach good adjusting C/N ratio in every cubic metre of material.
C, add the agent of microorganism quick composting again, adopt the EM bacterial classification then, the EM stoste that in every cubic metre of material, adds 1～2 kilogram, the EM stoste that adds in every cubic metre of material at first will add the dilution of 20 kg of water, evenly splash on material then, then above-mentioned material is stirred, mix evenly, pile strip chevron or trapezoidal the fermentation.As pile the strip chevron, and the heap height generally is no more than 80cm, the wide about 120～150cm in bottom, and length is not limit; As pile trapezoidal, the heap height generally be no more than 50cm, length and width are not limit.
After d, bank are good, can cover Polypropylence Sheet, and with suitably shadings such as straw screen or mat.During the fermentation, turned over once heap in 5～7 days, turning is advisable for twice at least.Purpose is to ferment to replenish air midway, accelerates course of fermentation.The fermentation heap temperature is the highest should to be reached more than 60 degree, and keeps more than two days.Can finish fermentation in general 10～25 days.
At pH value condition with higher in the soil, can reduce pH value by the method for using Cosan.Through experiment, when the consumption of Cosan reaches 70Kg/ mu, can make the pH value of soil be down between 6.5～7.0 the growth needs of suitable general garden seedling tree from 8.35.In the compost that ferments by 0.5Kg/m
3Amount add Cosan, fully mix all.Simultaneously, the famine at fertility deficiency and potash fertilizer in the soil can increase the dried poultrymanure that becomes thoroughly decomposed and make base manure, and other adds the deficiency that potassium superphosphate replenishes potash fertilizer.The dried poultrymanure 7.5Kg/m of concrete addition (by the compost stereometer) for becoming thoroughly decomposed
3, potassium superphosphate is 0.4 Kg/m
3, fully mix all with the compost that ferments.
The above-mentioned compost that mixes is spread out and put on equably on the plant growing area, and spreading out and putting on thickness is 20cm, and fully mixes all with the table soil of dark about 30 cm of plant growing area, and landform is flattened.Need dig the trees that big planting hole is planted for happiness acids arbor, flowering shrub such as fragrant camphor tree, wide yulan, Michelia maudiae, yulan magnolia, sweet osmanthus, camellia etc., the compost and the original soil that mix are fully mixed all backfill tampings again in the ratio of 1:1.
In practice, adopt method of the present invention that soil is improved, and the nursery stock of planting, the arbor survival rate reaches more than 96%, and shrub and ground cover plant almost all survive, and growing way is vigorous, and later stage maintenance damage by disease and insect is less.
Below disclose the present invention with preferred embodiment, so it is not in order to limiting the present invention, and all employings are equal to replaces or technical scheme that the equivalent transformation mode obtains, all drops within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. an areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River salinization of soil sandy loam improvement method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1), make organic compost:
A, leaf, branch are pulverized with cracker, the pulverizing length control of branch is in 12cm; Leaf, branch after pulverizing focused in the compost pond add water, the material water quality is than being 1:2～3;
The C/N ratio of the material that b, regulating step a mix;
C, in above-mentioned material, add microorganism-decomposing agent and EM bacterial classification, every cubic metre of material adds 1～2 kilogram EM stoste, the EM stoste elder generation of every cubic metre of material adding dilutes with 20 kilograms water, splash in material, evenly stir material then, with the bank that stirs chevron or trapezoidal fermentation the into strips;
After d, bank are good, cover Polypropylence Sheet and light screening material, during the fermentation, turned over once heap in 5～7 days, the turning number of times is more than twice;
E, regulate P in soil H value: with the compost that ferments according to 0.5Kg/m
3Amount add Cosan, be laid on growing area after fully stirring;
(2), the shop is fertile:
The organic compost of making is is evenly spread out and put on the plant growing area, and one deck table soil below the growing area face of land is mixed thoroughly with the organic compost of spreading out and putting on, and flattens landform then; When plantation happiness acids arbor and flowering shrub, after the original soil that the compost that mixes and plant planting hole are dug out mixes according to the ratio of 1:1, backfill tamping again.
2. a kind of areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River salinization of soil sandy loam improvement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step b adopts a kind of in the following method:
A, add 6～10 kilograms of urea in every cubic metre of material, urea is earlier soluble in water to add in the material again;
B, in every cubic metre of material, add 10 kilograms diammonium phosphate;
Add 200 kilogram of one animal fecaluria in week in C, every cubic metre of material.
3. a kind of areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River salinization of soil sandy loam improvement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step (1) is further comprising the steps of:
F, the fertility of improving the soil: with adding base manure and potash fertilizer in the compost that ferments, stir.
4. a kind of areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River salinization of soil sandy loam improvement method according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
Described base manure is the dried poultrymanure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and described potash fertilizer is selected potassium superphosphate for use, and the dried poultrymanure addition that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 7.5 Kg/m
3, potassium superphosphate is 0.4 Kg/m
3
5. according to the described a kind of areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River salinization of soil sandy loam improvement method of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: with the bank that stirs chevron into strips, the heap height is no more than 80cm in step c, and the material bottom is wide to be 120～150cm; Bank is piled height and is no more than 50cm in echelon.
6. according to the described a kind of areas formerly flooded by the Huanghe River salinization of soil sandy loam improvement method of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the thickness of spreading out and putting on of organic compost is 20cm, and the topsoil of organic compost and the downward 30cm in the growing area face of land mixes.
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| CN103392456B (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2016-03-02 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of method of afforesting on saline land |
| CN103959952B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-01-06 | 河海大学 | A kind of method of fast preventing soil in protected field continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN104059671B (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2016-03-23 | 河海大学 | The secondary NO of facility 3-salty soils modifying agent, preparation method and modification method |
| CN104641755B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-10-05 | 涞水丰源环保科技有限公司 | The land remediation method of discarded Exploit sand and stone field |
| CN104893734B (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2018-04-17 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of conditioning agent, preparation method and applications for being used to reduce meta-alkali tea garden soil pH value |
| CN104996025A (en) * | 2015-06-14 | 2015-10-28 | 六安市裕南春蔬果种植专业合作社 | Soil improving method |
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| CN106034453A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for carrying out original-soil greening on coastal saline-alkaline land by adopting crocodile bone meal containing nutritional soil |
| CN106688354A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-24 | 大千生态景观股份有限公司 | Building rubbish soil improvement method |
| CN108997064A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of allogenic material adding method balancing coastal saline soil microbiota |
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| JPH08149922A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1996-06-11 | Lion Corp | Method for improving agricultural land |
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| CN1969601A (en) * | 2005-11-21 | 2007-05-30 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A deep-loosening farming method for soda salinized soil |
| CN1974491A (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2007-06-06 | 广州市园林科学研究所 | Process of producing high efficiency nutritious matrix with water cabbage |
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