CN107552559A - The restoration of the ecosystem structure and method on a kind of discarded ground of Acid mine - Google Patents
The restoration of the ecosystem structure and method on a kind of discarded ground of Acid mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN107552559A CN107552559A CN201710954750.6A CN201710954750A CN107552559A CN 107552559 A CN107552559 A CN 107552559A CN 201710954750 A CN201710954750 A CN 201710954750A CN 107552559 A CN107552559 A CN 107552559A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure on the discarded ground of Acid mine, including ecology isolation layer, planting soil layer and vegetable layer；Ecological separating layer discards ground surface located at Acid mine；Planting soil layer is laid on ecology isolation layer；Vegetable layer is in planting soil layer；Ecology isolation layer, planting soil layer and vegetable layer form compound insulation layer, and compound insulation layer is provided with gutter.The present invention provides a kind of ecological restoring method on the discarded ground of Acid mine, including：Acid mine cuts gradient load discardedly；Acid mine, which is discarded, covers heavy metal stabilizer and alkaline matter on ground surface, form ecology isolation layer；Planting soil layer is laid on ecology isolation layer, and planting plants form vegetable layer；Gutter is built on the compound insulation layer that ecology isolation layer, planting soil layer and vegetable layer are formed.The present invention realizes the restoration of the ecosystem to discarded ground by setting compound insulation layer；Gutter is set, surface water is discharged downstream, avoids the rainwater elution of discarded ground from washing away, and then pollute downstream waters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mining wasteland ecological restoration technical field, and in particular to a kind of ecology on the discarded ground of Acid mine
Repair structure and method.
Background technology
Mineral deposit is made up of ore and country rock, exploitated ore, it is necessary to peels off country rock, often exploiting 1 ton of ore often needs to discharge number
Ton barren rock.Particularly nonferrous metallic ores content is typically relatively low, generally requires to exploit tens of tons of ores to produce 1 ton of metal,
Into hundred tons, or even upper kiloton ore.
Mine development not only produces huge solid waste.And because mine engineering changes original geology ring
Border so that in the stable sulfide exposure of reducing environment in an oxidizing environment, due to chemical oxidation, biological oxidation, produce
Serious acid mine drainage.Thus soil and water and soil is set to be in highly acid.Strong acid soil is unfavorable for vegetation growth, in addition in strong acid
Under environment, each heavy metal species are in ionic condition in water, easily migration, cause it is dirty through part soil and heavy metal in water
Dye, can especially flow into main stem, and bigger harmful effect is produced to the health of nearby residents.Acid mine drainage causes seriously
Heavy metal pollution and environmental destruction, each metal mine be all an ecological time bomb.Even if mine closures, this
The dangerous still long-term existence of kind ecology.
At present, in present Mine Environmental Pollution is administered, the processing to waste water is mainly neutralization precipitation, and barren rock is then main
Based on outdoor stockpiling, the processing to mine tailing mainly takes Tailings Dam to store up, and indivedual mines realize mine tailing backfill.But above-mentioned processing
Method is difficult to ecological problem caused by solving mine development.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
It is an object of the invention to provide the restoration of the ecosystem structure and method on a kind of discarded ground of Acid mine, to solve existing ore deposit
Ecological problem caused by the exploitation of mountain.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure on the discarded ground of Acid mine, including
Ecology isolation layer, planting soil layer and vegetable layer；Wherein, the ecological separating layer discards the earth's surface located at the Acid mine；
The planting soil layer is laid on the ecology isolation layer；The vegetable layer is in the planting soil layer；The ecology isolation
Layer, planting soil layer and vegetable layer form compound insulation layer, and the compound insulation layer is provided with multiple gutters.
Wherein, impervious barrier is provided between the ecology isolation layer and the planting soil layer.
Wherein, the impervious barrier is made up of bentonite.
Wherein, it is equipped with the planting soil layer and micro- oozes pipe.
Wherein, in addition to setting pot, the setting pot connect with the gutter.
The present invention also provides a kind of ecological restoring method on the discarded ground of Acid mine, comprises the following steps：
S1, discarded to the Acid mine carry out cutting gradient load；
S2, discarded in the Acid mine heavy metal stabilizer and alkaline matter covered on the earth's surface, formed ecology every
Absciss layer；
S3, planting soil layer, and the planting plants in the planting soil layer are laid on the ecology isolation layer, form vegetation
Layer；
S4, build gutter on the compound insulation layer that the ecology isolation layer, planting soil layer and vegetable layer are formed.
Wherein, it is equipped with impervious barrier between the ecology isolation layer and planting soil layer.
Wherein, step S3 also includes：Maintenance management is carried out to the vegetable layer.
Wherein, step S4 also includes：Build the setting pot connected with the gutter.
Wherein, in addition to：Step S5, the underground water on the discarded ground of the Acid mine and air channel are sealed using mortar screen sinking
Close, and nertralizer and oriented attachment agent are added into polluted water body.
(3) beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides the restoration of the ecosystem structure and method on a kind of discarded ground of Acid mine, has
Following advantage：1) ecology isolation layer is set by discarding ground surface in Acid mine, neutralized in acid soil and stable soil
Heavy metal；By laying planting soil layer, improve the soil property of Abandoned Land of Mine, increase soil fertility；By on soil layer is planted
Vegetable layer is set, rainwater is absorbed, avoids rainwater from directly washing away or infiltrate into contaminated soil；Realize to Acid mine
The restoration of the ecosystem on discarded ground.2) by building gutter on compound insulation layer, the surface water for flowing through mining area is discharged downstream, subtracted
Water short of rain flows through length and the time of contact of contaminated soil in mining areas, avoids the rainwater elution of discarded ground from washing away, and then pollute downstream water
Domain.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of the restoration of the ecosystem structure on the discarded ground of Acid mine of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of flow chart of the ecological restoring method on the discarded ground of Acid mine of the present invention；
Description of reference numerals
1- Acid mines discard the earth's surface；2- ecology isolation layers；3- planting soil layers；4- vegetable layers.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following instance
For illustrating the present invention, but it is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the invention, it is necessary to explanation, unless otherwise indicated, " multiple " be meant that two or two with
On；The orientation of the instruction such as term " on ", " under ", "left", "right", " interior ", " outer ", " front end ", " rear end ", " head ", " afterbody "
Or position relationship is based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description, and
It is not instruction or implies signified device or element there must be specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore
It is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ", " the 3rd " etc. are only used for describing purpose, and can not
It is interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the invention, it is necessary to illustrate, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be being fixedly connected or being detachably connected, or be integrally connected；Can
To be mechanical connection or electrical connection；Can be joined directly together, can also be indirectly connected by intermediary, Ke Yishi
The connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, with concrete condition above-mentioned term can be understood at this
Concrete meaning in invention.
Embodiment 1：
As shown in figure 1, a kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure on the discarded ground of Acid mine is provided for the present embodiment, including ecology isolation
Layer 2, planting soil layer 3 and vegetable layer 4.
Ecological separating layer 2 discards the earth's surface 1 located at Acid mine.In the present embodiment, the table on the discarded ground of Acid mine
Face 1 carries out the covering of heavy metal stabilizer and alkaline matter, forms ecology isolation layer 2；Wherein heavy metal stabilizer is used for stable
Heavy metal, alkaline matter are used to neutralize acid soil.
Planting soil layer 3 is laid on ecology isolation layer 2；Vegetable layer 4 is in planting soil layer 3.In the present embodiment, in ecology
The thick planting soils of 40~50cm are covered on separation layer 2, form planting soil layer 3.The planting plants in planting soil layer 3, form vegetation
Layer 4.
Ecology isolation layer 2, planting soil layer 3 and vegetable layer 4 form compound insulation layer, and compound insulation layer is provided with multiple rows
Ditch.
Further, in addition to setting pot, setting pot connect with gutter.Setting pot is used for entrained in sedimentation and drawing push away
Matter is moved, reduces downstream contamination.
Further, impervious barrier is provided between ecology isolation layer 2 and planting soil layer 3.In the present embodiment, impervious barrier is by swelling
Soil is made.
Further, it is equipped with planting soil layer 3 and micro- oozes pipe.The water and soil condition of Abandoned Land of Mine is poor, bad environments,
For initial planting because awful weather and soil fertility are poor, plant growth is slow, it is necessary to strengthens water and fertilizer management, reduces artificial broken
It is bad, by lay it is micro- ooze pipe, carry out water-saving irrigation.
Further, in the present embodiment, plant should select well developed root system, it is acidproof based on, it is the pionner of strong stress resistance, solid
Based on nitrogen plant.Based on dungarunga, shrub and draft indigenous plant.Dungarunga selection Chinese sumac, locust tree, false indigo etc..Fill
Wood selection thunberg lespedeza, horse spine, cassia corymbosa etc..Herbaceous plant selection alfalfa etc..
Further, draft takes mixed seeding to plant, and tree and shrubs are used along contour strip cropping mode.
Further, implantation time is selected in early spring and starts to be advisable.Measure germination percentage, germination percentage before herbaceous plant seeds plantation
Reach more than 90%；60~100cm's of the slender selection of shrub is healthy slender, through experiment, the surrival rate of afforestation up to 80% with
On.
Further, herbaceous plant planting density is 2.0kg/ mus, and arbor plantation seeding row spacing is 100 × 100cm, Shrub Species
Plant line-spacing is 50 × 100cm.
The present embodiment provides a kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure on the discarded ground of Acid mine, by discarding ground surface in Acid mine
Ecology isolation layer is set, neutralizes the heavy metal in acid soil and stable soil；By laying planting soil layer, improve mine and discard
The soil property on ground, increases soil fertility；By setting vegetable layer on soil layer is planted, rainwater is absorbed, avoids rainwater straight
Connect and wash away or infiltrate into contaminated soil property；Realize the restoration of the ecosystem to the discarded ground of Acid mine.By on compound insulation layer
Gutter is built, the surface water for flowing through mining area is discharged downstream, when reduction rainwater flows through length and the contact of contaminated soil in mining areas
Between, avoid the rainwater elution of discarded ground from washing away, and then pollute downstream waters.
Embodiment 2：
As shown in Fig. 2 the ecological restoring method on ground is discarded for a kind of Acid mine that the present embodiment provides, including following step
Suddenly：
S1, discarded to Acid mine carry out cutting gradient load；
In the present embodiment, more than 75 ° side slopes, which are mainly taken, cuts gradient load mode, takes the measures such as spray anchor protection；45~75 °
Scope mainly take cuts gradient carry measure, taken according to investment suitably block, safeguard procedures；15~45 ° of scopes are cut as needed
Gradient carries, and mainly takes revegetation measure；Less than 15 ° are substantially carried out smooth land control measure of Denging.
S2, discarded in Acid mine heavy metal stabilizer and alkaline matter are covered on the earth's surface, form ecology isolation layer；
The heavy metal that wherein heavy metal stabilizer is used in stable soil, alkaline matter are used to neutralize acid soil.
S3, planting soil layer, and the planting plants in planting soil layer are laid on ecology isolation layer, form vegetable layer；
In the present embodiment, it is combined using spray seeding technique and artificial growth, a variety of seeds of trees, grass-seed is added in planting soil layer
And various nutrient solutions, multiple working procedure maintenance, by the production period of 1~3 year, form tall, filling, the stereoscopic protective body that grass is combined
System.45~75 ° use high order granule (linked network) spray seeding technique, and less than 45 ° use granule direct injection technology.
Further, in addition to：Maintenance management is carried out to vegetable layer.
In the present embodiment, maintenance management mainly has following two aspects：1) water-saving irrigation：Abandoned Land of Mine water and soil condition compared with
Difference, bad environments, in initial planting because awful weather and soil fertility are poor, plant growth is slow, it is necessary to strengthens liquid manure pipe
Reason, reduce artificial destruction.In the present embodiment, by lay it is micro- ooze pipe, carry out water-saving irrigation.2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：For plant
Pest and disease damage carry out comprehensive prophylactico-therapeutic measures.
Further, in order to avoid rain leakage, laid between the ecology isolation layer and planting soil layer of main blowby area
There is impervious barrier.
S4, build gutter on the compound insulation layer that ecology isolation layer, planting soil layer and vegetable layer are formed.
For the present embodiment by building gutter on compound insulation layer, on the one hand surface water that original is flowed through to mining area passes through row
Ditch is discharged downstream, and the rain drop erosion for reducing mining area is oozed with；On the other hand rainwater can be collected immediately, make rainwater in mining area fast
Speed is collected to neighbouring gutter, reduces length and time of contact that rainwater flows through contaminated soil in mining areas.
Further, in addition to：Build the setting pot connected with gutter.Setting pot is used for entrained in sedimentation and drawing push away
Matter is moved, reduces downstream contamination.
S5, using mortar screen sinking the underground water on the discarded ground of Acid mine and air channel are closed, and into polluted water body
Add nertralizer and oriented attachment agent.
Each Mine Underground Water and air channel are closed using mortar screen sinking, barrier, reduce the diffusion of polluted underground water, reduce
Oxygen content in water, that is, acidification reaction in water is reduced, reduce harm of the mine pollution source to downstream；For exceeded pollution in water body
Matter, nertralizer is irrigated to polluted water body to neutralize acid percolate, addition oriented attachment agent makes exceeded pollutant's solidification in water,
Purify effluent quality.
Further, slag blocking wall is built in slag laydown area, reduces slag potential loss risk.
The present embodiment provides a kind of ecological restoring method on the discarded ground of Acid mine, by Acid mine it is discarded carry out
Gradient load is cut, realizes land control；Discarded in Acid mine and heavy metal stabilizer and alkaline matter are covered on the earth's surface, formed
Ecology isolation layer, sweetening of the soil is acid and stable soil in heavy metal；By laying planting soil layer on ecology isolation layer, and
The planting plants in planting soil layer, vegetable layer is formed, improves the soil property of Abandoned Land of Mine, increases soil fertility, and to rain
Water is absorbed, and avoids rainwater from directly washing away or infiltrate into contaminated soil property；By building gutter on compound insulation layer,
The surface water for flowing through mining area is discharged downstream, length and time of contact that rainwater flows through contaminated soil in mining areas is reduced, avoids discarding
Ground rainwater elution is washed away, and then pollutes downstream waters；By adding nertralizer and oriented attachment agent into polluted water body, to useless
The purified treatment of water；Realize the restoration of the ecosystem to the discarded ground of Acid mine.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.
Claims (10)
1. the restoration of the ecosystem structure on the discarded ground of a kind of Acid mine, it is characterised in that including ecology isolation layer, planting soil layer and plant
Tegillum；Wherein, the ecological separating layer discards the earth's surface located at the Acid mine；The planting soil layer is laid on the life
On state separation layer；The vegetable layer is in the planting soil layer；The ecology isolation layer, planting soil layer and vegetable layer form multiple
Separation layer is closed, and the compound insulation layer is provided with multiple gutters.
2. restoration of the ecosystem structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the ecology isolation layer and the planting soil layer
Between be provided with impervious barrier.
3. restoration of the ecosystem structure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the impervious barrier is made up of bentonite.
4. restoration of the ecosystem structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be equipped with the planting soil layer and micro- ooze pipe.
5. according to the restoration of the ecosystem structure described in claim any one of 1-4, it is characterised in that described heavy also including setting pot
Sand pond connects with the gutter.
6. the ecological restoring method on the discarded ground of a kind of Acid mine, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, discarded to the Acid mine carry out cutting gradient load；
S2, heavy metal stabilizer and alkaline matter are covered on the discarded the earth's surface of the Acid mine, form ecology isolation layer；
S3, planting soil layer, and the planting plants in the planting soil layer are laid on the ecology isolation layer, form vegetable layer；
S4, build gutter on the compound insulation layer that the ecology isolation layer, planting soil layer and vegetable layer are formed.
7. ecological restoring method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the ecology isolation layer and planting soil layer it
Between be equipped with impervious barrier.
8. ecological restoring method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that step S3 also includes：The vegetable layer is entered
Row maintenance management.
9. ecological restoring method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that step S4 also includes：Build and the draining
The setting pot of ditch connection.
10. according to the ecological restoring method described in claim any one of 6-9, it is characterised in that also include：Step S5, use
Mortar screen sinking closes the underground water on the discarded ground of the Acid mine and air channel, and add into polluted water body nertralizer and
Oriented attachment agent.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710954750.6A CN107552559A (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2017-10-13 | The restoration of the ecosystem structure and method on a kind of discarded ground of Acid mine |
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| CN115007636A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-09-06 | 昆明有色冶金设计研究院股份公司 | Acidic waste residue risk management and control and ecological restoration structure and method thereof |
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| CN109328523A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江杭博生态环境建设有限公司 | A kind of abandoned mine ecological restoring method |
| CN109526523A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-03-29 | 杰瑞(莱州)矿山治理有限公司 | A method of carrying out restoration of the ecosystem on acid Tailings Dam |
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| CN110128191A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-08-16 | 中国瑞林工程技术股份有限公司 | The Soil improvement matrix and ecological recovery method on a kind of discarded ground in strong acid heavy metal refuse dump |
| CN110374080A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-10-25 | 中节能大地环境修复有限公司 | Abandoned mine permeable reactive wall and abandoned mine ecological recovery system |
| CN113000574A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-22 | 江苏和而同环境建设有限公司 | Method for restoring mine mercury polluted acid soil |
| CN111101538A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-05 | 中南大学 | Construction method of vertical engineering barrier system for neutralizing acid mine wastewater |
| CN111101538B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-04-06 | 中南大学 | Construction method of vertical engineering barrier system for neutralizing acid mine wastewater |
| CN111527818A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江大学 | Method for restoring vegetation in acidic degraded soil in south based on interspecies nursing effect |
| CN113248195A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-08-13 | 中煤地质集团有限公司 | Heavy metal curing and repairing material in metal sulfide mine acidic mining side slope and construction method thereof |
| CN113248195B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-04-22 | 中煤地质集团有限公司 | Heavy metal curing and repairing material in metal sulfide mine acidic mining side slope and construction method thereof |
| CN113863270A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-12-31 | 中地宝联(北京)国土资源勘查技术开发集团有限公司 | Technical method for preventing and treating heavy metal pollution of underground water by backfilling mine underground goaf |
| CN114054486A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-18 | 四川大学 | Method for retarding heavy metal migration and application thereof |
| CN115007636A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-09-06 | 昆明有色冶金设计研究院股份公司 | Acidic waste residue risk management and control and ecological restoration structure and method thereof |
| CN114960699A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-08-30 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Mine ecological fragile area slope restoration system and method |
| CN115500174A (en) * | 2022-10-22 | 2022-12-23 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Ecological restoration system and restoration method for abandoned mine |
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