CN115500174A - Ecological restoration system and restoration method for abandoned mine - Google Patents
Ecological restoration system and restoration method for abandoned mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN115500174A CN115500174A CN202211297486.0A CN202211297486A CN115500174A CN 115500174 A CN115500174 A CN 115500174A CN 202211297486 A CN202211297486 A CN 202211297486A CN 115500174 A CN115500174 A CN 115500174A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/028—Multi-compartmented pots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses an abandoned mine ecological restoration system and a restoration method. The system comprises a cofferdam structure, a dam structure and a plurality of guide plates extending obliquely downwards along the slope surface; the cofferdam structure is arranged on the outer side of the slope top in a surrounding manner, a first accommodating cavity is formed between the cofferdam structure and the side slope, and a plurality of supporting plates are arranged in the first accommodating cavity at intervals so as to form different storage bins in a separated manner; the lower part of the cofferdam structure is provided with a plurality of through holes, alkaline mixtures are accumulated in the storage bins, the alkaline mixtures comprise coal slag, coal ash and lime, and the component proportions of the alkaline mixtures in different storage bins are different; the dam structure is arranged at the outer side of the bottom of the side slope in an enclosing mode, a second accommodating cavity is formed between the dam structure and the side slope, a plurality of guide plates are distributed at intervals on the inner side of the second accommodating cavity to form a plurality of repairing areas in a separating mode, and different repairing areas are communicated with corresponding storage bins; the second holds and has piled up slag layer, activated carbon layer, straw saw-dust layer, guest soil layer and humus layer in proper order from bottom to top in the chamber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine ecological restoration, in particular to an abandoned mine ecological restoration system and a restoration method.
Background
In mining, particularly in open-pit mining operation, the soil structure of a hillside is damaged, so that vegetation is lost and water and soil are lost; moreover, harmful components in the mine waste residue enter the soil, causing acidic soil pollution, heavy metal pollution and the like. Ecological restoration of abandoned mines becomes a great concern about environmental management.
For example, the Chinese patent application with the application publication number of CN105961120A and the application publication number of 2016.09.28 discloses a method for quickly restoring vegetation on a mine ecological restoration side slope in an arid region, which specifically comprises the following four parts: a slope protection method, a water collecting device, soil improvement and vegetation allocation are carried out; firstly, carrying out step type slope cutting on a side slope, wherein an ecological intercepting ditch is arranged at the inner side of each stage of platform, and a desilting basin and a sump are arranged on each step at certain intervals; a water collecting device is arranged in the water collecting pit and is connected with the sand basin and the intercepting ditch, and a controllable water outlet is arranged at the other end of the water collecting device and is connected with a slope irrigation system; soil is covered on the platform and the slope, planting holes are dug on each level of platform, soil conditioner and foreign soil are mixed on each level of slope in the mode of ecological bag and ecological blanket, and the soil conditioner, the ecological bag and the ecological blanket are filled in the planting holes, the ecological bags and the ecological blanket to provide good water and fertilizer conditions for plant growth; and selecting proper arbor and shrub grass for vegetation configuration.
In the prior art, the method for rapidly restoring the vegetation of the side slope suitable for the ecological restoration of the mine in the arid region adopts the design that the inner side of each stage of platform of the side slope is provided with a catch basin for collecting the runoff of the slope, providing a water source for irrigation in the arid season, preventing the slope from scouring and reducing water and soil loss.
However, most of mountain surfaces are bare waste ores and slag, so that acid components in the waste ores and slag can be dissolved after rainwater seeps downwards, collected slope runoff is directly used for vegetation irrigation, and the vegetation is easy to be poisoned and withered. Therefore, the existing restoration method can only make the side slope regreen in a short time, cannot effectively eliminate the long-term harm of harmful ingredients in the waste mine, has large risk of long-term pollution to soil and water sources, and cannot radically realize the ecological restoration of the waste mine.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ecological restoration system and a restoration method for a waste mine, and solves the problems that the existing restoration method can only make the side slope regreen in a short time, can not effectively eliminate long-term harm of harmful ingredients in waste ores, has large risk of long-term pollution to soil and water sources, and can not fundamentally realize ecological restoration of the waste mine.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
the ecological restoration system for the abandoned mine comprises a cofferdam structure arranged at the upper part of a side slope, a dam structure arranged at a slope toe and a plurality of guide plates arranged between the cofferdam structure and the dam structure, wherein the guide plates extend downwards along the slope surface;
the cofferdam structure is arranged around the outer side of the slope surface of the side slope, a first accommodating cavity is formed between the cofferdam structure and the side slope, a plurality of support plates are arranged in the first accommodating cavity at intervals along the inner contour of the cofferdam structure so as to separate different storage bins, the lower parts of the support plates are embedded in the side slope, and the upper parts of the support plates are fixedly connected with the cofferdam structure;
the lower part of the cofferdam structure is provided with a plurality of through holes, the through holes are communicated with the corresponding storage bins, alkaline mixture is accumulated in the storage bins, the upper parts of the alkaline mixture are covered with permeable cloth, the alkaline mixture comprises coal cinder, fly ash and lime, and the component proportion of the alkaline mixture in different storage bins is different;
the dam structure is arranged at the outer side of the bottom of the side slope in an enclosing mode, a second accommodating cavity is formed between the dam structure and the side slope, the guide plates are distributed at intervals on the inner side of the second accommodating cavity to form a plurality of repairing areas in a separated mode, and different repairing areas are communicated with corresponding storage bins;
a slag layer, an activated carbon layer, a straw sawdust layer, a soil bearing layer and a humus layer are sequentially stacked in the second accommodating cavity from bottom to top; the outside of dam structure still is provided with soil monitoring station, install soil detection appearance in the soil monitoring station, it is a plurality of to detect the pH valve, the heavy metal content in restoration district to and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content.
Preferably, the cofferdam structure is an arc cofferdam structure, the middle part of the arc cofferdam structure is convexly arranged towards the outer side of the side slope, and two ends and the lower side of the arc cofferdam structure are embedded and fixed in the side slope;
and a plurality of inclined strut supporting feet are further fixed on the outer side of the arc-shaped cofferdam structure and are distributed at intervals along the outer contour of the arc-shaped outer wall structure, and the lower parts of the inclined strut supporting feet are embedded and fixed in the side slope.
Preferably, the inclined strut supporting legs and the supporting plate are integrally formed triangular supporting plates, and the arc-shaped cofferdam structure and the triangular supporting plates are all prefabricated concrete components;
the lower part of the arc-shaped cofferdam structure is provided with a plurality of first clamping grooves, the vertex angles of the triangular support plates are provided with second clamping grooves, and the first clamping grooves and the second clamping grooves are in cross joggle fit.
Preferably, four storage bins are arranged in the first accommodating cavity, and are respectively a first storage bin, a second storage bin, a third storage bin and a fourth storage bin in sequence;
in the four storage bins, the component ratios of the coal slag are arranged in an equal difference relation, and/or the component ratios of the lime are arranged in an equal difference relation.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the coal slag, the fly ash and the lime in the first storage bin is 3:3:4, the weight ratio of the coal slag, the coal ash and the lime in the second storage bin is 4:3:3, the weight ratio of the coal slag, the coal ash and the lime in the third storage bin is 5:3:2, the weight ratio of the coal slag, the coal ash and the lime in the fourth storage bin is 6:3:1.
preferably, the dam structure is an arc dam structure, the middle part of the arc dam structure is arranged in a protruding mode towards the direction far away from the slope toe, and two ends and the lower side of the arc dam structure are embedded in the side slope;
the guide plate is split type structure, and it includes two at least rectangular boards and a trapezoidal plate, the trapezoidal plate with the second holds the unsmooth cooperation of cross section in chamber, two between the rectangular board with all be equipped with the anchor pile between the trapezoidal plate, the rectangular board the trapezoidal plate respectively with anchor pile releasable connection.
Preferably, an isolation net is further arranged between the slag layer and the activated carbon layer, meshes of the isolation net are smaller than the granularity of the activated carbon, the thickness of the activated carbon layer is gradually reduced along the direction away from the toe of slope, and the average thickness of the activated carbon layer is between 100mm and 400 mm.
Preferably, the straw wood chip layer is formed by bottoming straws and uniformly spreading wood chips, wherein the straws comprise wheat straws, corn straws, rice straws and weeds, the bottoming thickness of the straws is not less than 200mm, and the uniformly spreading thickness of the wood chips is not less than 100mm.
Preferably, the lower part of the outer side of the dam structure is provided with a plurality of sampling ports, the sampling ports are respectively communicated with the corresponding repairing areas, and the sampling ports are used for the soil detector to obtain soil samples of the repairing areas.
The restoration method applied to the abandoned mine ecological restoration system comprises the following steps: s1, cutting slope to be steep, cleaning waste ore and slag on the surface of a side slope to enable the slope of the whole slope to be at any angle between 15 degrees and 45 degrees;
s2, according to the contour shape of the cofferdam structure and the number of the support plates, digging grooves with set depth at the top of the slope, and fixedly embedding the cofferdam structure and the support plates at the top of the slope;
s3, fixedly installing a plurality of guide plates on the outer side of the cofferdam structure, wherein the guide plates are obliquely arranged downwards along the slope in an outward expanding shape until the lower ends of the guide plates extend to the position of a slope foot;
s4, gathering the waste ore and the slag of the slope toe towards one side close to the slope, and cleaning and leveling the waste ore and the slag out of a construction area to construct a dam structure and a soil monitoring station;
s5, accumulating alkaline mixture into the cofferdam structure, wherein the component proportion of the alkaline mixture in each storage bin is different; sequentially stacking a slag layer, an activated carbon layer, a straw wood chip layer, a soil-bearing layer and a humus layer from bottom to top in the dam structure;
s6, monitoring the soil pH value, the heavy metal content and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of each restoration area by using a soil detector, and adjusting the component proportion of the alkaline mixture of each storage bin after a three-month to twelve-month cultivation period to enable the soil of each restoration area to reach an optimal state;
s7, cleaning the alkaline mixture remained in the cofferdam structure, and planting arbor, shrub, grass or vine vegetation in the restoration area.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides an abandoned mine ecological restoration system and a restoration method, which have the following beneficial effects:
the abandoned mine ecological restoration system comprises a cofferdam structure, a dam structure and a plurality of guide plates, wherein the cofferdam structure is arranged at the upper part of a side slope and is provided with a first accommodating cavity, an alkaline mixture is accumulated in the first accommodating cavity, the dam structure is arranged at the lower part of the side slope and is provided with a second accommodating cavity, and restoration soil is accumulated in the second accommodating cavity; the guide plate is arranged between the cofferdam structure and the baffle structure, a plurality of flow channels are constructed on the side slope, and rainwater dissolved with the alkaline mixture can wash the side slope from top to bottom along the flow channels, so that the acid-base neutralization effect on the mountain side slope is achieved.
The coal slag, the fly ash and the lime are combined into an alkaline mixture, the alkaline mixture is washed by rainwater, alkaline components of the lime and the fly ash are dissolved into rainwater to become alkaline rainwater, and the aim of acid-base improvement on the whole slope is fulfilled by slope drainage. And the coal cinder has good air permeability, water permeability and adsorption characteristic, when the alkaline mixture is washed by rainwater, alkaline rainwater can be preliminarily adsorbed and filtered through the coal cinder, heavy metal components in the coal ash are prevented from entering a repair system, and secondary pollution caused by the fact that the alkaline rainwater washes the side slope is prevented.
In addition, after the coal cinder is pulverized, the main solid particles are silicon dioxide components, enter the slope along with rainwater and fill gaps, provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements required by vegetation growth, and can accelerate the soil texture improvement of the slope. Moreover, the restoration area comprises an activated carbon layer, a straw sawdust layer, a soil-bearing layer and a humus layer, and the activated carbon layer can adsorb heavy metal components and other toxic components in the side slope drainage water; the straw wood chip layer is positioned at the lower side of the foreign soil layer, the wood chips have strong water absorption and no pollution, the requirement of long-term water retention and soil moisture conservation of the foreign soil layer can be met, and the humus layer provides necessary organic matters for the growth of the restoration vegetation.
After the ecological restoration system is built, monitoring the soil pH value, the heavy metal content, the nitrogen content, the phosphorus content and the potassium content of each restoration area by using a soil detector, and adjusting the component proportion of the alkaline mixture of each storage bin after a cultivation period of three months to twelve months to enable the soil of each restoration area to reach an optimal state; and finally, cleaning the alkaline mixture remained in the cofferdam structure, and planting arbor, shrub, grass or vine vegetation in the restoration area. The system can effectively eliminate the long-term harm of harmful ingredients in the waste mine, avoids the long-term pollution to soil and water sources, and fundamentally realizes the ecological restoration of the waste mine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a waste mine ecological restoration system in a specific example of the waste mine ecological restoration system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the ecological remediation system for a waste mine in a specific embodiment of the ecological remediation system for a waste mine of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an exploded schematic view of a cofferdam structure and a triangular support plate in a specific embodiment of the ecological restoration system for abandoned mines of the invention.
In the figure: 1-cofferdam structure, 10-storage bin, 11-triangular support plate, 110-second clamping groove, 111-through hole, 12-through hole, 13-first clamping groove, 14-cinder, 15-fly ash and 16-lime;
2-dam structure, 20-repairing area, 200-sampling port, 21-slag layer, 22-activated carbon layer, 23-straw wood chip layer, 24-guest soil layer, 25-humus layer, 3-guide plate and 4-soil monitoring station.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The ecological restoration system for the abandoned mine comprises a cofferdam structure 1 arranged at the upper part of a side slope, a dam structure 2 arranged at the toe of the slope and a plurality of guide plates 3 arranged between the cofferdam structure 1 and the dam structure 2, wherein the guide plates 3 are arranged in an obliquely downward extending manner along the slope; the domatic outside of locating the side slope is enclosed to cofferdam structure 1, forms first holding chamber between cofferdam structure 1 and the side slope, is equipped with a plurality of backup pads along cofferdam structure 1's interior profile interval in the first holding chamber to separate and form different storage silo 10.
The lower part of the supporting plate is embedded in the side slope, and the upper part of the supporting plate is fixedly connected with the cofferdam structure 1; the lower portion of the cofferdam structure 1 is provided with a plurality of through holes 12, the through holes 12 are communicated with the corresponding storage bins 10, alkaline mixture is accumulated in the storage bins 10, the upper portions of the alkaline mixture are covered with permeable cloth (not shown in the figure), the alkaline mixture comprises coal cinder 14, coal ash 15 and lime 16, and the component proportion of the alkaline mixture in different storage bins 10 is different.
The dam structure 2 is arranged at the outer side of the bottom of the side slope in a surrounding mode, a second accommodating cavity is formed between the dam structure 2 and the side slope, a plurality of guide plates 3 are distributed at intervals on the inner side of the second accommodating cavity to form a plurality of repairing areas 20 in a separated mode, and different repairing areas 20 are communicated with corresponding storage bins 10; a slag layer 21, an activated carbon layer 22, a straw sawdust layer 23, a foreign soil layer 24 and a humic layer 25 are sequentially stacked in the second accommodating cavity from bottom to top; the outside of dam structure 2 still is provided with soil monitoring station 4, installs soil detection appearance in the soil monitoring station 4 to detect the pH valve of a plurality of remediation districts 20, heavy metal content, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content.
The ecological restoration system for the abandoned mine comprises a cofferdam structure 1, a dam structure 2 and a plurality of guide plates 3, wherein the cofferdam structure 1 is arranged at the upper part of a side slope and is provided with a first accommodating cavity, alkaline mixture is accumulated in the first accommodating cavity, the dam structure 2 is arranged at the lower part of the side slope and is provided with a second accommodating cavity, and restoration soil is accumulated in the second accommodating cavity; the guide plate 3 is arranged between the cofferdam structure 1 and the baffle structure 2, a plurality of flow channels are constructed on the side slope, rainwater dissolved with alkaline mixture can wash the side slope from top to bottom along the flow channels, and the acid-base neutralization effect is achieved on the mountain side slope.
The coal cinder 14, the coal ash 15 and the lime 16 are combined together to form an alkaline mixture, rainwater is flushed with the alkaline mixture, alkaline components of the lime 16 and the coal ash 15 are dissolved into the rainwater to become alkaline rainwater, and the purpose of acid-base improvement of the whole side slope is achieved through slope drainage. Moreover, the coal cinder 14 has good air permeability, water permeability and adsorption characteristic, when the alkaline mixture is washed by rainwater, alkaline rainwater can be preliminarily adsorbed and filtered through the coal cinder 14, heavy metal components in the coal ash 15 are prevented from entering a repair system, and secondary pollution caused by the fact that the slope is washed by the alkaline rainwater is prevented.
In addition, after the coal cinder 14 is pulverized, the main solid particles are silicon dioxide components, enter the slope along with rainwater and fill gaps, provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements required by vegetation growth, and can accelerate soil texture improvement of the slope. Moreover, the restoration area 20 comprises an activated carbon layer 22, a straw sawdust layer 23, a soil dressing layer 24 and a humus layer 25, wherein the activated carbon layer 22 can adsorb heavy metal components and other toxic components in the side slope drainage; the straw wood chip layer 23 is located on the lower side of the foreign soil layer 24, wood chips have strong water absorption and no pollution, the requirement of long-term water retention and soil moisture preservation of the foreign soil layer 24 can be met, and the humus layer 25 provides necessary organic matters for restoring vegetation growth.
After the ecological restoration system is built, monitoring the soil pH value, the heavy metal content, the nitrogen content, the phosphorus content and the potassium content of each restoration area 20 by using a soil detector, and adjusting the component proportion of the alkaline mixture of each storage bin after a cultivation period of three months to twelve months to enable the soil of each restoration area 20 to reach an optimal state; and finally, cleaning the alkaline mixture remained in the cofferdam structure 1, and planting arbor, shrub, grass or vine vegetation in the restoration area 20. The system can effectively eliminate long-term harm of harmful ingredients in the waste mine, avoids long-term pollution to soil and water sources, and fundamentally realizes ecological restoration of the waste mine.
In this embodiment, the cofferdam structure 1 is an arc cofferdam structure, the middle part of the arc cofferdam structure is convexly arranged towards the outer side of the side slope, and the two ends and the lower side of the arc cofferdam structure are embedded and fixed in the side slope; a plurality of inclined strut supporting legs are further fixed on the outer side of the arc-shaped cofferdam structure and distributed at intervals along the outer contour of the arc-shaped outer wall structure, and the lower portions of the inclined strut supporting legs are embedded and fixed in the side slope. Utilize a plurality of bracing stabilizer blade fixed connection between arc cofferdam structure and slope, play outside-in's shore effect to arc cofferdam structure, improved cofferdam structure 1's bulk strength and durability, can ensure when cofferdam structure 1 bears too big soil pressure, be unlikely to the condition that the damage appears.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the inclined strut support leg and the support plate are integrally formed triangular support plates 11, the arc cofferdam structure and the triangular support plates 11 are all prefabricated concrete members, the triangular support plates 11 are provided with through holes 111, and steel rods are inserted into the through holes 111, so that the triangular support plates 11 are fixed on a mountain body; a plurality of first clamping grooves 13 are formed in the lower portion of the arc-shaped cofferdam structure, second clamping grooves 110 are formed in the vertex angles of the triangular support plate 11, and the first clamping grooves 13 are in cross joggle fit with the second clamping grooves 110. Arc cofferdam structure and a plurality of triangle-shaped extension board 11 are prefabricated formula concrete member, open the recess that sets for the degree of depth at the slope top in advance, can target in place its consolidation installation, have simplified the operation degree of difficulty of site operation, adopt the cross joggle to realize cofferdam structure 1's equipment, the later stage of being convenient for is demolishd and reuse, has satisfied the actual demand of non-permanent engineering.
Wherein, four storage bins 10 are arranged in the first accommodating cavity, and the four storage bins 10 are respectively a first storage bin, a second storage bin, a third storage bin and a fourth storage bin in sequence; in the four storage bins, the component ratios of the coal slag are arranged in an equal difference relation, and/or the component ratios of the lime are arranged in an equal difference relation. In this embodiment, the weight ratio of the coal cinder, the fly ash and the lime in the first storage bin is 3:3: and 4, the weight ratio of the coal slag, the coal ash and the lime in the second storage bin is 4:3:3, the weight ratio of the coal slag, the coal ash and the lime in the third storage bin is 5:3:2, the weight ratio of the coal slag, the coal ash and the lime in the fourth storage bin is 6:3:1.
that is to say, the first storage bin, the second storage bin, the third storage bin and the fourth storage bin are sequentially arranged inside the cofferdam structure 1 along the inner contour of the cofferdam structure, the component proportion of the alkaline mixture in the four storage bins is unequal, the alkaline mixture with the four component proportions is used as a contrast test, and the optimal component proportion of the alkaline mixture is obtained by detecting the soil property of the restoration area at the toe of the slope, so that the soil in the whole restoration area is in the optimal state.
Taking a certain abandoned mine in North China as an example, the pH values of four restoration areas (within six months) change as shown in the following table:
| group one | Group two | Group III | Group IV | |
| One month | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 |
| February | 5.4 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 4.3 |
| March | 6.5 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 5.0 |
| April | 7.8 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 5.6 |
| May | 9.0 | 8.7 | 7.2 | 5.8 |
| June | 10.1 | 9.5 | 7.1 | 5.7 |
In the embodiment, the dam structure 2 is an arc dam structure, the middle part of the arc dam structure is arranged in a protruding way towards the direction far away from the slope toe, and the two ends and the lower side of the arc dam structure are embedded in the side slope; and, guide plate 3 is split type structure, and it includes two at least rectangular boards and a trapezoidal plate (not shown in the figure), and the trapezoidal plate holds the unsmooth cooperation of the cross section in chamber with the second, all is equipped with the anchor stake between two rectangular boards, between rectangular board and the trapezoidal plate, rectangular board, trapezoidal plate respectively with anchor stake releasable connection. The long strip-shaped plate part of the guide plate 3 plays a role in constructing a slope flow channel, the trapezoidal plate part of the guide plate 3 plays a role in separating the second containing cavity to construct the repair area 20, the guide plate 3 adopting a split design is convenient for field construction, and can be detached and reused at any time after the whole repair system is established, so that the cost of system engineering is reduced.
As a further preferable scheme, an isolation net is further arranged between the slag layer 21 and the activated carbon layer 22, the mesh size of the isolation net is smaller than the particle size of the activated carbon, the thickness of the activated carbon layer 22 is gradually reduced along the direction away from the toe of the slope, and the average thickness of the activated carbon layer 22 is between 100mm and 400 mm. The active carbon particles can be prevented from leaking into gaps of the slag layer 21 through the separation net, the long-term stability and reliability of the active carbon layer 22 are guaranteed, the thickness of the active carbon layer 22 close to one side of the slope toe is large, toxic and harmful ingredients in slope drainage can be fully adsorbed due to the large slope runoff close to one side of the slope toe, and the situation that the active carbon particles directly seep into soil and a water source to cause environmental pollution is avoided.
Moreover, the straw wood chip layer 23 is formed by bottoming straws and uniformly spreading wood chips, wherein the straws comprise wheat straws, corn straws, rice straws and weeds, the bottoming thickness of the straws is not less than 200mm, and the uniformly spreading thickness of the wood chips is not less than 100mm. The straw bottoming can effectively isolate the sawdust from the activated carbon layer 22 and prevent the sawdust from rapidly running off, the sawdust has strong water absorption and no pollution, can be used as an efficient water retention material, and meets the requirements of long-term water retention and soil moisture preservation of the guest soil layer 24 in the restoration area 20. In addition, the lower part of the outer side of the dam structure 2 is provided with a plurality of sampling ports 200, the plurality of sampling ports 200 are respectively communicated with the corresponding repairing areas 20, and the sampling ports 200 are used for the soil detector to obtain the soil samples of the repairing areas 20.
The restoration method applied to the abandoned mine ecological restoration system comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting slope to be steep, cleaning waste ore and slag on the surface of a side slope to enable the slope of the whole slope to be at any angle between 15 degrees and 45 degrees; as a further preferred solution, it is preferred to ensure that the slope of the entire ramp after the steepening of the cutting slope is at an angle of between 30 ° and 40 °.
S2, according to the contour shape of the cofferdam structure 1 and the number of the support plates, digging a groove with a set depth at the top of the slope, and fixedly embedding the cofferdam structure 1 and the support plates at the top of the slope; specifically, in order to simplify the operation difficulty of site operation, the assembly of the cofferdam structure 1 is realized by adopting cross joggle joint, so that later-stage disassembly and reutilization are facilitated, and the actual requirements of non-permanent engineering are met.
S3, fixedly installing a plurality of guide plates 3 on the outer side of the cofferdam structure 1, wherein the guide plates 3 are arranged in an outward expanding shape along the slope in an inclined downward manner until the lower ends of the guide plates 3 extend to the positions of slope feet; guide plate 3 is split type structure, and guide plate 3's rectangular shape plate part has played the effect of founding domatic runner, and guide plate 3's trapezoidal plate part has played and has separated the second and hold the chamber to the effect of a plurality of restoration districts 20 is founded.
S4, gathering the waste ore and the slag of the slope toe towards one side close to the slope surface, and cleaning and leveling the construction area to construct a dam structure 2 and a soil monitoring station 4.
S5, accumulating the alkaline mixture into the cofferdam structure 1, wherein the component proportion of the alkaline mixture in each storage bin 10 is unequal; and a slag layer 21, an activated carbon layer 22, a straw and wood chip layer 23, a foreign soil layer 24 and a humic layer 25 are sequentially accumulated into the dam structure 2 from bottom to top.
S6, monitoring the soil pH value, the heavy metal content and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of each restoration area 20 by using a soil detector, and adjusting the component proportion of the alkaline mixture of each storage bin 10 after a three-month to twelve-month cultivation period to enable the soil of each restoration area 20 to reach an optimal state;
s7, cleaning the alkaline mixture remained in the cofferdam structure 1, and planting arbor, shrub, grass or vine vegetation in the restoration area 20.
The specific embodiment of the ecological restoration method for a waste mine is the same as the restoration method applied to the ecological restoration system for a waste mine in the specific embodiment of the ecological restoration system for a waste mine of the present invention, and is not described herein again.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the use of the verb "comprise a" to define an element does not exclude the presence of another, same element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological restoration system for the abandoned mine is characterized by comprising a cofferdam structure arranged at the upper part of a side slope, a dam structure arranged at the toe of the side slope and a plurality of guide plates arranged between the cofferdam structure and the dam structure, wherein the plurality of guide plates extend downwards along the slope surface;
the cofferdam structure is arranged around the outer side of the slope surface of the side slope, a first accommodating cavity is formed between the cofferdam structure and the side slope, a plurality of support plates are arranged in the first accommodating cavity at intervals along the inner contour of the cofferdam structure so as to separate different storage bins, the lower parts of the support plates are embedded in the side slope, and the upper parts of the support plates are fixedly connected with the cofferdam structure;
the lower part of the cofferdam structure is provided with a plurality of through holes, the through holes are communicated with the corresponding storage bins, alkaline mixture is accumulated in the storage bins, the upper parts of the alkaline mixture are covered with permeable cloth, the alkaline mixture comprises coal slag, coal ash and lime, and the component proportion of the alkaline mixture in different storage bins is different;
the dam structure is arranged at the outer side of the bottom of the side slope in a surrounding mode, a second accommodating cavity is formed between the dam structure and the side slope, a plurality of guide plates are distributed at intervals on the inner side of the second accommodating cavity to form a plurality of repairing areas in a separated mode, and different repairing areas are communicated with corresponding storage bins;
a slag layer, an activated carbon layer, a straw sawdust layer, a soil bearing layer and a humus layer are sequentially stacked in the second accommodating cavity from bottom to top; the outside of dam structure still is provided with soil monitoring station, install soil detection appearance in the soil monitoring station to detect a plurality of the pH valve of restoration district, heavy metal content to and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content.
2. The ecological restoration system for abandoned mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cofferdam structure is an arc cofferdam structure, the middle part of the arc cofferdam structure is convexly arranged towards the outer side of the side slope, and two ends and the lower side of the arc cofferdam structure are embedded and fixed in the side slope;
and a plurality of inclined strut supporting feet are further fixed on the outer side of the arc-shaped cofferdam structure and distributed along the outer contour of the arc-shaped outer wall structure at intervals, and the lower parts of the inclined strut supporting feet are embedded and fixed in the side slope.
3. The ecological restoration system for abandoned mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: the inclined strut supporting legs and the supporting plate are integrally formed triangular supporting plates, and the arc-shaped cofferdam structure and the triangular supporting plates are prefabricated concrete components;
the lower part of the arc-shaped cofferdam structure is provided with a plurality of first clamping grooves, the vertex angles of the triangular support plates are provided with second clamping grooves, and the first clamping grooves and the second clamping grooves are in cross joggle fit.
4. The ecological restoration system for abandoned mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first accommodating cavity is internally provided with four storage bins which are sequentially a first storage bin, a second storage bin, a third storage bin and a fourth storage bin;
in the four storage bins, the component ratios of the coal slag are arranged in an equal difference relation, and/or the component ratios of the lime are arranged in an equal difference relation.
5. The ecological restoration system for abandoned mines according to claim 4, wherein: the weight ratio of the coal slag, the coal ash and the lime in the first storage bin is 3:3:4, the weight ratio of the coal slag, the coal ash and the lime in the second storage bin is 4:3:3, the weight ratio of the coal slag, the coal ash and the lime in the third storage bin is 5:3:2, the weight ratio of the coal slag, the coal ash and the lime in the fourth storage bin is 6:3:1.
6. the ecological restoration system for abandoned mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dam structure is an arc dam structure, the middle part of the arc dam structure is arranged in a protruding mode towards the direction far away from the slope toe, and two ends and the lower side of the arc dam structure are fixedly embedded in the side slope;
the guide plate is split type structure, and it includes two at least rectangular boards and a trapezoidal plate, trapezoidal plate with the unsmooth cooperation of cross section in chamber is held to the second, two between the rectangular board with all be equipped with the anchor stake between the trapezoidal plate, the rectangular board trapezoidal plate respectively with anchor stake releasable connection.
7. The ecological restoration system for abandoned mines according to claim 1, wherein: an isolation net is further arranged between the slag layer and the activated carbon layer, the meshes of the isolation net are smaller than the granularity of the activated carbon, the thickness of the activated carbon layer is gradually reduced along the direction away from the toe, and the average thickness of the activated carbon layer is between 100mm and 400 mm.
8. The ecological restoration system for abandoned mines according to claim 7, characterized in that: the straw wood chip layer is formed by bottoming straws and uniformly spreading wood chips, wherein the straws comprise wheat straws, corn straws, rice straws and weeds, the bottoming thickness of the straws is not less than 200mm, and the uniformly spreading thickness of the wood chips is not less than 100mm.
9. The ecological restoration system for abandoned mines according to claim 8, characterized in that: the lower part of the outer side of the dam structure is provided with a plurality of sampling ports, the sampling ports are respectively communicated with the corresponding repairing areas, and the sampling ports are used for the soil detector to obtain soil samples of the repairing areas.
10. A restoration method applied to the abandoned mine ecological restoration system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of S1, cutting slope and descending, cleaning waste ore and slag on the surface of a side slope, and enabling the slope of the whole slope to be any angle between 15 degrees and 45 degrees;
s2, according to the contour shape of the cofferdam structure and the number of the supporting plates, digging grooves with set depth at the top of the slope, and embedding the cofferdam structure and the supporting plates at the top of the slope;
s3, fixedly installing a plurality of guide plates on the outer side of the cofferdam structure, wherein the guide plates are obliquely arranged downwards along the slope in an outward expanding shape until the lower ends of the guide plates extend to the position of a slope foot;
s4, gathering the waste ore and the slag of the slope toe towards one side close to the slope surface, and cleaning and leveling the construction area to construct a dam structure and a soil monitoring station;
s5, accumulating alkaline mixture into the cofferdam structure, wherein the component proportion of the alkaline mixture in each storage bin is unequal; sequentially stacking a slag layer, an activated carbon layer, a straw wood chip layer, a soil layer and a humus layer from bottom to top in the dam structure;
s6, monitoring the soil pH value, the heavy metal content and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of each restoration area by using a soil detector, and adjusting the component proportion of the alkaline mixture of each storage bin after a three-month to twelve-month cultivation period to enable the soil of each restoration area to reach an optimal state;
s7, cleaning the alkaline mixture remained in the cofferdam structure, and planting arbor, shrub, grass or vine vegetation in the restoration area.
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