CN112246862A - Ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in acid mining area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in acid mining area Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in an acid mining area, and relates to the field of ecological restoration. The ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in the acid mining area comprises the following steps: performing quality evaluation on the area to be restored of the acid mining area, and then performing soil improvement according to the quality evaluation result; and planting Chinese awns to the area to be repaired after the soil improvement. The ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in the acidic mining area has the advantages of relatively low investment cost, good restoration effect and no secondary pollution; compared with other ecological restoration technologies, the implementation is relatively simple; and the later maintenance cost is low after the planting in the mining area is finished.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in an acid mining area.
Background
At present, the problem of soil pollution exists in an acid mining area. Under the action of air oxidation, rain wash and the like, the slag in the acidic mining area is stacked for a long time to cause extreme acidification of surrounding soil, thereby bringing about a plurality of environmental problems.
In order to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution in the historical remaining acidic mining area and improve the ecological environment, people are devoted to the research on ecological restoration of the acidic mining area. In the prior art, a method of transplanting various plants and reconstructing a mixed ecological chain is mostly adopted. The methods have the problems of high input cost, low cost performance, high construction difficulty, long construction period, high maintenance cost, small biomass and the like.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in an acid mining area, which aims to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in an acid mining area comprises the following steps:
performing quality evaluation on the area to be restored of the acid mining area, and then performing soil improvement according to the quality evaluation result;
and planting Chinese awns to the area to be repaired after the soil improvement.
Miscanthus sinensis (Miscanthus sinensis) Gramineae, a perennial C4 herbaceous plant of the genus Miscanthus (see 1976, fifth volume of atlas of higher plants in China). Miscanthus production is distributed native to subtropical and tropical regions of africa and asia. The growth range of miscanthus extends from this point to temperate asia. In the south and north of the world, Korea and Japan are also present. Growing on hilly grassland or river wetland. The biomass yield is high, and the biomass has strong heat resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance, strong ecological adaptability and strong reproductive capacity. The biomass has the potential of replacing non-renewable carbon resources, and simultaneously has the functions of promoting carbon sedimentation and improving the quality of soil and water resources. The Chinese mango planting management has low input cost, less fertilizer requirement of the Chinese mango, strong weed and disease damage resistance and higher vitality, and can grow in the saline-alkali soil, the barren desert gobi and other marginal lands. And the Chinese mango biomass stabilization period can last about 20 years.
And improving the soil of the acid mining area according to the evaluation result so as to enable the Chinese awns to obtain a necessary basic environment for growth, then planting the Chinese awns in a transplanting mode, and restoring the natural environment by utilizing the biological characteristics of the Chinese awns.
Preferably, the quality assessment comprises: collecting a soil sample and a plant sample, and respectively measuring related indexes;
preferably, the soil sample is soil of a plurality of soil layers with the depth ranging from 0cm to 100 cm.
According to actual measurement and research, the indexes of the soil below 50cm are relatively stable, and the indexes of the soil above 50cm are different in different soil layers due to factors such as surface water permeation, so that 0-100cm of mixed soil is adopted as a soil sample in order to accurately reflect the heavy metal content and the nutrient state in the soil.
More preferably, the measured indicators of the soil sample include pH, nutrient indicators and one or more of sulfur, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, antimony, mercury, arsenic, tin, nickel, tungsten content;
preferably, the nutrient index comprises one or more of organic matter, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium;
preferably, the soil sample is mixed soil with the depth of the sampling point of the area to be repaired within the range of 0-100 cm;
preferably, the measured indicator of the plant sample comprises one or more of sulfur, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, antimony, mercury, arsenic, tin, nickel, tungsten content.
The evaluation of the area to be repaired should be comprehensive, and not only the condition of the soil itself but also the condition of plants in the area to be repaired should be evaluated to obtain a more accurate evaluation result.
Further preferably, the quality evaluation further comprises: and calculating a soil fertility index according to the determination result of the nutrient index, and then carrying out comprehensive soil fertility grading according to the calculation result of the soil fertility index.
The evaluation of soil fertility is beneficial to later-period management and maintenance.
Preferably, the soil improvement comprises: adjusting the pH value of the soil by using a soil conditioner according to the measurement result of the pH value;
preferably, the soil conditioner comprises quicklime;
preferably, when the pH value of the soil to be repaired is 4.5-5.0, the usage amount of the quicklime is 1500-2(ii) a When the pH value of the soil to be repaired is 5.0-6.0, the usage amount of the quicklime is 750-1500kg/hm2(ii) a When the pH value of the soil to be repaired is 6.0-6.5, the usage amount of the quicklime is 375-750kg/hm2；
Preferably, when applying quicklime, an organic fertilizer is also applied;
preferably, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000-4500kg/hm2。
And adjusting the pH value of the soil to be repaired by using quick lime to ensure that the soil environment is suitable for the growth of Chinese awns.
The quicklime can effectively accelerate the decomposition of organic substances in the soil, so the quicklime is often applied together with the organic fertilizer, and the application standard of the organic fertilizer is 3000-plus 4500kg/hm2。
Preferably, when the area to be repaired has no surface soil, soil reclamation is required after the soil improvement;
preferably, the soil reclamation comprises: excavating a planting hole in the area to be repaired, wherein pollution-free natural soil is reserved in the planting hole;
preferably, the depth of the planting hole is 15-20 cm;
preferably, the soil reclamation further comprises: and covering non-pollution natural soil on the surface of the area to be repaired.
The use of the foreign soil is beneficial to improving the survival rate of Chinese awns.
Preferably, the Chinese mango is obtained by adopting a separate cultivation mode;
preferably, the container seedlings of the Chinese awns are selected and planted to the area to be repaired;
preferably, the container of the container seedling comprises a seedling raising non-woven bag;
preferably, the diameter of the bag mouth of the seedling raising non-woven bag is 15-20 cm.
Compared with a bare-rooted seedling transplanting mode, the survival rate of Chinese awns can be effectively improved by adopting container seedlings for transplanting.
Preferably, the seedling substrate for cultivating the Chinese awns comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45-55% of fermented straw, 20-30% of turfy soil, 5-15% of vermiculite, 4-6% of perlite and 8-12% of loess;
preferably, the relative water content of the seedling substrate is 38-42%;
preferably, a bactericide is applied when seedlings are moved into the seedling substrate;
preferably, the bactericide comprises 800-1000mg/L carbendazim.
The method selects a suitable seedling culture substrate and uses a bactericide, and is favorable for improving the survival rate of the seedlings.
Preferably, the planting time of the Chinese mango is 3-5 months or 9-10 months;
preferably, the plant spacing of the Chinese awns is (50cm-60cm) × (50cm-60 cm);
preferably, the planting density of the Chinese mango is 1100-1500 strains/mu.
The best repairing effect can be obtained on the basis of ensuring high survival rate by selecting proper planting time, planting distance and planting density.
Preferably, after the Chinese mango is planted, the post-management is also included;
and the later-stage management comprises water and fertilizer management, freezing resistance and cold resistance, growth condition monitoring and artificial replanting.
The post-management helps to ensure the overall repair effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in the acid mining area, Chinese awns are used as pioneer herbaceous plants, ecological restoration is carried out by utilizing the unique biological characteristics of the Chinese awns, and heavy metals are enriched; the investment cost is relatively low, the repairing effect is good, and no secondary pollution exists; compared with other ecological restoration technologies, the method is relatively simple to implement.
Detailed Description
The terms as used herein:
"prepared from … …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
The conjunction "consisting of … …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of … …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 ~ 5" is disclosed, the ranges described should be construed to include the ranges "1 ~ 4", "1 ~ 3", "1 ~ 2 and 4 ~ 5", "1 ~ 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.
In these examples, the parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.
"part by mass" means a basic unit of measure indicating a mass ratio of a plurality of components, and 1 part may represent any unit mass, for example, 1g or 2.689 g. If we say that the part by mass of the component A is a part by mass and the part by mass of the component B is B part by mass, the ratio of the part by mass of the component A to the part by mass of the component B is a: b. alternatively, the mass of the A component is aK and the mass of the B component is bK (K is an arbitrary number, and represents a multiple factor). It is unmistakable that, unlike the parts by mass, the sum of the parts by mass of all the components is not limited to 100 parts.
"and/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated conditions may occur, e.g., a and/or B includes (a and B) and (a or B).
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Firstly, the ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in the acidic mining area provided by the application is integrally explained, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. soil environmental quality classification
And classifying the soil environment quality according to the GB 15618 soil environment quality standard. The mine area belongs to class iii.
Different types of soil environments should be adjusted in a targeted manner in the subsequent treatment process.
2. Collecting and processing samples:
according to the topographic characteristics, soil samples are collected in corresponding areas according to a quincunx point distribution method or a snake-shaped point distribution method, and generally 5 sample points are collected per 100 mu. Digging 100cm longitudinal section on each sampling point, taking 0cm-100cm mixed soil, collecting all samples with wooden spoon, filling into polyethylene plastic bag, sealing, numbering and storing. After the soil is air-dried, the soil is treated by a 100-mesh sieve and is put into a sealing bag for standby.
According to the topographic characteristics and the distribution condition of the plant community, 5 samples with different areas are randomly arranged per 100 mu, and the dominant plant species, the coverage, the plant damage characteristics and the growth conditions in the samples are recorded. Collecting a certain amount of herbaceous complete plants, collecting leaves and branches of shrubs and arbors for analysis, and placing the shrubs and arbors into polyethylene plastic bags for sealing, numbering and storing. The plants are dried and crushed, then are treated by a 100-mesh sieve and are put into a sealing bag for standby.
In a waste land with a relatively flat topography, the heavy metal pollution condition and the nutrient content in soil are basically consistent, and generally 3 sampling points are collected in a flat area; however, in mountainous regions, due to the change of terrain, the heavy metal pollution condition and the nutrient content in soil in different areas have certain difference, so that the number of sampling points should be increased in a proper amount, and factors such as actual conditions, test cost and workload are combined, and the like, so that the total density of the soil is about 6.7hm25 spots were collected.
Determining the contents of sulfur, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, antimony, mercury, arsenic, tin, nickel and tungsten by plants; the soil is used for measuring the pH value, the organic matter, the total phosphorus, the total potassium, the alkaline nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus, the quick-acting potassium and other nutrient indexes and the contents of sulfur, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, antimony, mercury, arsenic, tin, nickel and tungsten.
The relevant indexes are measured to obtain relevant data before repair so as to quantitatively evaluate the repair effect in the repair process and after repair.
3. Soil fertility index
The soil fertility index is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula:
ni is the membership value of the ith nutrient index;
wi is the weight coefficient of the ith nutrient index.
The calculated soil comprehensive fertility index value is divided into 5 grades, and the grading standard of the soil comprehensive fertility is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 index value of comprehensive fertility of soil
And (4) calculating the comprehensive fertility index of the soil, and mainly applying the soil to topdressing in later management.
4. Seedling raising
The Chinese mango is used for ecological restoration in an acidic mining area in a branch cultivation mode.
The method is characterized in that the Miscanthus sinensis is Miscanthus sinensis (Miscanthus sinensis), local Miscanthus sinensis resource screening is preferably carried out in an acid mine area, a good plant group which is strong in adaptability in a polluted area, large in growth quantity, strong in lateral bud tillering, developed in root system, resistant to low temperature, barren and free of diseases and insect pests is selected, stems are cut short, and stubbles are 10-15 cm, and the stem group serves as a mother plant.
Digging the mother plants in the soil of the zone to be repaired, removing the soil, cutting off the fibrous roots, and dividing the fibrous roots into a plurality of plant clusters with the length of about 5 cm.
This application chooses the non-woven bag to carry out the container and grows seedlings, and container seedling is grown seedlings and can be cultivated all year round. The pH value of the seedling substrate must be adjusted to the proper range of seedlings.
The substrate used in the embodiment is 45-55% of fermented straw, 20-30% of turfy soil, 5-15% of vermiculite, 4-6% of perlite and 8-12% of loess; after the substrate is thoroughly poured by using a carbendazim solution with the concentration of 800-1000mg/L, the substrate is filled into a seedling raising non-woven fabric bag with the height of about 15cm and the diameter of a bag opening of about 15cm-20 cm. And (3) bagging the plant cluster, sterilizing again, watering part of the matrix thoroughly, watering at set time in the nursery garden, and keeping the relative water content of the matrix at 38-42%.
Nursery gardens are preferably located near the mine site. The nursery land is positioned in a place with similar ecological conditions of the polluted land to be restored so as to improve the environmental adaptability of the seedlings to the ecological area. And the substrate can also be selected for seedling raising greenhouse intensive seedling raising, so that the seedling raising efficiency is improved, and the seedling raising cost is reduced. The area of the nursery garden is required to enable the seedling number to meet the requirements of ecological restoration area in the range of the land to be restored year by year according to a plan.
Making a bed: soil preparation is needed before nursery seedling culture. Comprises plowing, harrowing, leveling and pressing. The method is required to be fine and tidy, remove grass roots and stones, and break earth. Dividing a seedbed and a footpath on a nursery land, wherein the width of the seedbed is generally 1-1.2m, the length of the seedbed is determined according to the terrain, and the width of the footpath is 40 cm. In humid climates, the container seedlings can be placed on a bed surface which is level with the footpath. In the seedling raising field in arid areas, container seedlings are required to be placed on a seedbed lower than a footpath. Drainage ditches need to be dug around the seedling growing land, so that no water is accumulated in the seedbed. The matrix is wet before filling, the water content is about 15%, and the matrix is placed on a seedbed in order after being filled.
Planting seedlings: keeping more than 3 tillers or dormant buds in each robust plant cluster, inserting a stick with the diameter of about 1.5cm into a container bag with the depth of about 6cm, vertically placing the tillers in the container bag, and compacting.
Then nursery management and pest control are carried out.
When the container seedlings are out of the nursery, the container is kept complete, the matrix is not loose, and the seedlings are not obviously damaged. And (4) pruning stems and leaves before transplanting container seedlings, and keeping the stem height of 8-10 cm.
5. Soil improvement and soil reclamation
According to the comprehensive factors of the soil pH value and the adjustment target value, the lime type and characteristics, the soil property and the like, before the seedlings are transplanted, a soil conditioner (quicklime) is added into the soil according to local conditions, and the soil pH value is determined according to NY/T1377 soil pH value determination. The soil pH value is improved by increasing the soil pH value, so that the soil environment suitable for the growth of the seedlings is achieved, and the survival of the seedlings is promoted.
When the pH value of the soil to be repaired is 4.5-5.0, the usage amount of the quicklime is 1500-2(ii) a When the pH value of the soil to be repaired is 5.0-6.0, the usage amount of the quicklime is 750-1500kg/hm2(ii) a When the pH value of the soil to be repaired is 6.0-6.5, the usage amount of the quicklime is 375-750kg/hm2. Organic fertilizer is also applied when quicklime is applied, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000 plus 4500kg/hm2。
If the surface soil layer exists in the area to be repaired, the seedlings can be directly transplanted without covering soil on the surface soil. Under the condition that the area to be repaired has no surface soil, a planting hole can be dug, the passenger in the planting hole has no pollution natural soil, and the specification of the planting hole is 50cm multiplied by 40cm (or the planting hole is more than or equal to 0.1 m)3) The soil in the holes is removed completely, and the soil in the holes is removed thicklyThe degree is more than or equal to 20 cm. Under the condition that the nearby natural soil is sufficient, a layer of pollution-free natural soil with the depth of more than 30cm can be covered on the surface, and then transplanting is carried out. The mine can be transplanted directly without soil preparation under the condition of keeping the original vegetation.
6. Transplanting
The container seedling and the matrix are planted in the hole in the same way, and the whole Chinese silvergrass and the matrix are moved into the hole after the hole is punched on the slope of the mine needing to be planted and re-green. The time is generally 3-5 months or 9-10 months. The depth of the planting hole is 15cm-20cm, and the diameter is 20 cm. Transplanting the container seedlings according to the planting distance of 50-60 cm multiplied by 50-60 cm, planting density is 1100-plus 1500 plants/mu, covering soil and preserving soil moisture, and if drought occurs in summer, artificially preserving water and ensuring survival rate. 1 container seedling in each planting hole, burying soil around the seedling, properly compacting soil on the side, and watering thoroughly; when the container seedlings are transplanted to survive, soil is loosened and weed is removed in time. After the mine area is transplanted, additional fertilizer is generally not needed; in order to promote the growth of plants, fertilizer can be applied properly.
7. Post maintenance
The winter freezing in the first year is one of the main factors influencing the survival rate of container seedlings in an acid mining area, measures such as hay covering and hilling are implemented when the winter comes in the first year after transplanting, so that the aims of freezing resistance and cold resistance are achieved, and an antifreeze agent can be sprayed on seedlings before the cold flow comes in the autumn transplanting like the real autumn transplanting, so that the frost resistance of vegetation is enhanced, and the survival rate of seedlings is improved.
The growth condition of the miscanthus plants in the acid mining area is tracked and monitored, the growth condition of the miscanthus is monitored, and the change conditions of the miscanthus and other biological species before and after vegetation restoration are monitored. The Chinese silvergrass is a perennial herb of the gramineae, and because of weather, altitude, pollution degree and other reasons, the growth of the plants is poor, artificial replanting is needed to maintain normal density.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in an acid mining area, which is implemented in a sulfur mining area in le-an-county, large county, Guizhou.
And classifying the soil environment quality according to the GB 15618 soil environment quality standard. The mine area belongs to class iii.
And (4) carrying out plant sampling and soil sampling, and respectively determining the content of related substances. The method is implemented according to 'LY/T2770 technical regulation for ecological restoration of vegetation in the abandoned land of the south nonferrous metal mining area'. And calculating to obtain a comprehensive fertility index according to the nutrient index, wherein the evaluation grade is lower.
The seedling raising substrate comprises 50% of fermented straw, 25% of turfy soil, 10% of vermiculite, 5% of perlite and 10% of loess, and is mixed with water; after the substrate was thoroughly poured with 800mg/L carbendazim solution, the substrate was packed in a non-woven bag for raising seedlings having a height of about 15cm and a diameter of the mouth of the bag of about 15 cm. And (3) bagging the plant cluster, sterilizing again, watering part of the matrix thoroughly, watering at set time of the nursery garden, and keeping the relative water content of the matrix to be about 40%.
Adjusting the pH value of the soil in the mining area by using quicklime, and measuring to obtain that the pH value of the soil to be repaired in the mining area is about 4.5, wherein the usage amount of the quicklime is 1500-2. At the same time according to 4500kg/hm2With the application of organic fertilizer.
And (4) excavating planting holes without surface soil in the area to be repaired, wherein pollution-free natural soil is reserved in the planting holes, and the thickness of the soil reserved between the holes is 20 cm. Planting the container seedling and the matrix into the hole in the same way in 3 months, keeping the plant spacing at 50cm multiplied by 50cm, planting density at about 1333 plants/mu, covering soil and preserving soil moisture.
And performing topdressing, freezing and cold prevention, tracking and monitoring and the like in the later period.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in an acid mining area, which is implemented in a sulfur mining area in le-an-county, generous county. Different from the embodiment 1, different plots were selected.
And classifying the soil environment quality according to the GB 15618 soil environment quality standard. The mine area belongs to class iii.
And (4) carrying out plant sampling and soil sampling, and respectively determining the content of related substances. The method is implemented according to 'LY/T2770 technical regulation for ecological restoration of vegetation in the abandoned land of the south nonferrous metal mining area'. And calculating to obtain a comprehensive fertility index according to the nutrient index, wherein the evaluation grade is lower.
Seedling raising matrix comprising fermented straw 55%, turfy soil 22%, vermiculite 5%, perlite 6%, loess 12% and water; after the substrate was thoroughly poured with 1000mg/L carbendazim solution, the substrate was packed in a non-woven bag for raising seedlings having a height of about 15cm and a bag mouth diameter of about 20 cm. And (3) bagging the plant cluster, sterilizing again, watering part of the matrix thoroughly, and watering at set time of the nursery at set time to keep the relative water content of the matrix at 38%.
Adjusting the pH value of the soil in the mining area by using quicklime, and measuring to obtain that the pH value of the soil to be repaired in the mining area is 6.0-6.5, and the usage amount of the quicklime is 375-2. At the same time according to 3000kg/hm2With the application of organic fertilizer.
And (3) excavating planting holes with the depth of 20cm without surface soil in the area to be repaired, wherein the depth of foreign soil in the planting holes is 25 cm. Planting seedlings in a container and a matrix into the holes in the same way in 3 months, keeping the planting distance at 60cm multiplied by 60cm, planting density at about 1500 plants/mu, covering soil and preserving soil moisture.
And performing topdressing, freezing and cold prevention, tracking and monitoring and the like in the later period.
Example 3
In contrast to example 2, other plots from the mine were selected for remediation.
Correspondingly repairing the sulfur mine area in the le-an-village in Guizhou generous county according to different areas, and counting the average value of the relevant indexes before and after repair, wherein the conclusion is as follows:
after the restoration, the average pH value of the soil in the mining area is increased by 0.54, and the acidification phenomenon is improved. The organic matter, total nitrogen and water content of the soil are respectively improved by 194.5%, 78.7% and 933.6%, which indicates that the property of the soil of the mine wasteland is also improved;
heavy metal reduction: the distribution coverage of the miscanthus is about 75 percent in a tailing area, the total amount of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in the miscanthus averagely-migrated soil is 2471.3, 4037.4, 69.4 and 28.3 mg.kg-1。
Comparative example 1
In contrast to example 1, fangjiang was used as a repair plant.
Comparative example 2
In contrast to example 1, Miscanthus floridulus was used as a repair plant.
And (5) counting the survival rate of the miscanthus sinensis, the miraculous holly and the miscanthus floridulus, wherein the survival rate of the separated seedlings is 91%, 81% and 73% respectively. The Chinese silvergrass is adopted as a repairing plant, and the survival rate is highest.
Comparative example 3
In contrast to example 1, the thickness of the soil was selected to be 10cm and 15 cm.
The average survival rate of example 1 was 91.2%, and in comparative example 3, the survival rate of 10cm old soil was 45.1%, and the survival rate of 15cm old soil was 56.7%.
The comparison shows that the thickness of the foreign soil is more than or equal to 20cm, and the survival rate can be effectively ensured to be higher than 90%.
Comparative example 4
Unlike example 1, the seedling was selected in a seed sowing manner.
The average survival rate of the seedling raising of the seeds is 13 percent. The method adopts a way of plant division seedling culture, and can effectively ensure the survival rate of the miscanthus sinensis.
Comparative example 5
Unlike example 1, bare-rooted seedlings were selected for transplantation.
The bare-rooted seedlings are selected for transplanting, and the average survival rate is only 38.8%.
As can be seen by comparing the example 1 with the comparative examples 1-5, the miscanthus sinensis is more suitable for being used as a pioneer plant for repairing an acid mine area, and the thickness of the foreign soil is more than or equal to 20cm in the transplanting process, so that the survival rate is guaranteed; the method adopts a plant division seedling raising mode to carry out nursery cultivation and select container seedlings for transplanting, and is also beneficial to ensuring the survival rate.
The Qigang has the characteristic of large biomass, but the growth survival rate of the Qigang in the sloping field of the mining area is lower. The miscanthus floridulus has no outstanding population advantages in acid mining areas, and the survival rate of the miscanthus floridulus is lower than that of miscanthus floridulus in China. In conclusion, Chinese awns with population advantages and high survival rate are selected to have the best effect of recovering vegetation in the acidic mining area.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims above, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological restoration method for Chinese awns in an acid mining area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing quality evaluation on the area to be restored of the acid mining area, and then performing soil improvement according to the quality evaluation result;
and planting Chinese awns to the area to be repaired after the soil improvement.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the quality assessment comprises: collecting a soil sample and a plant sample, and respectively measuring related indexes;
preferably, the soil sample is soil of a plurality of soil layers with the depth ranging from 0cm to 100 cm.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the measured indicators of the soil sample include pH, nutrient indicators, and one or more of sulfur, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, antimony, mercury, arsenic, tin, nickel, tungsten content;
preferably, the nutrient index comprises one or more of organic matter, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium;
preferably, the soil sample is mixed soil with the depth of the sampling point of the area to be repaired within the range of 0-100 cm;
preferably, the measured indicator of the plant sample comprises one or more of sulfur, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, antimony, mercury, arsenic, tin, nickel, tungsten content.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the quality assessment further comprises: and calculating a soil fertility index according to the determination result of the nutrient index, and then carrying out comprehensive soil fertility grading according to the calculation result of the soil fertility index.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the soil improvement comprises: adjusting the pH value of the soil by using a soil conditioner according to the measurement result of the pH value;
preferably, the soil conditioner comprises quicklime;
preferably, when the pH value of the soil to be repaired is 4.5-5.0, the usage amount of the quicklime is 1500-2(ii) a When the pH value of the soil to be repaired is 5.0-6.0, the usage amount of the quicklime is 750-1500kg/hm2(ii) a When the pH value of the soil to be repaired is 6.0-6.5, the usage amount of the quicklime is 375-750kg/hm2；
Preferably, when applying quicklime, an organic fertilizer is also applied;
preferably, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000-4500kg/hm2。
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the area to be remediated has no topsoil, soil reclamation is required after the soil remediation;
preferably, the soil reclamation comprises: excavating a planting hole in the area to be repaired, wherein pollution-free natural soil is reserved in the planting hole;
preferably, the depth of the planting hole is 15-20 cm;
preferably, the soil reclamation further comprises: and covering non-pollution natural soil on the surface of the area to be repaired.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the chinese mango is obtained by means of a split cultivation;
preferably, the container seedlings of the Chinese awns are selected and planted to the area to be repaired;
preferably, the container of the container seedling comprises a seedling raising non-woven bag;
preferably, the diameter of the bag mouth of the seedling raising non-woven bag is 15-20 cm.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation of the seedling substrate for chinese mango comprises the following steps by mass percent: 45-55% of fermented straw, 20-30% of turfy soil, 5-15% of vermiculite, 4-6% of perlite and 8-12% of loess;
preferably, the relative water content of the seedling substrate is 38-42%;
preferably, a bactericide is applied when seedlings are moved into the seedling substrate;
preferably, the bactericide comprises 800-1000mg/L carbendazim.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the planting time of the miscanthus sinensis is 3 months to 5 months or 9 months to 10 months;
preferably, the plant spacing of the Chinese awns is (50cm-60cm) × (50cm-60 cm);
preferably, the planting density of the Chinese mango is 1100-1500 strains/mu.
10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the planting of the chinese mango further comprises post-management;
and the later-stage management comprises water and fertilizer management, freezing resistance and cold resistance, growth condition monitoring and artificial replanting.
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