CN114788441A - Method for comprehensively preventing and treating water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of sandstone - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively preventing and treating water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of sandstone Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114788441A CN114788441A CN202210278101.XA CN202210278101A CN114788441A CN 114788441 A CN114788441 A CN 114788441A CN 202210278101 A CN202210278101 A CN 202210278101A CN 114788441 A CN114788441 A CN 114788441A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ditch
- wall
- collecting
- transverse
- ditches
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 244000303040 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000006200 Glycyrrhiza glabra Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N glycyrrhizinic acid Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1C([C@H]2[C@]([C@@H]3[C@@]([C@@]4(CC[C@@]5(C)CC[C@@](C)(C[C@H]5C4=CC3=O)C(O)=O)C)(C)CC2)(C)CC1)(C)C)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000011477 liquorice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000223025 Caragana microphylla Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000000950 Hippophae rhamnoides Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000003145 Hippophae rhamnoides Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000008866 Ziziphus nummularia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[Fe+3].[As-] MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052964 arsenopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GNKZMNRKLCTJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-Methylacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 GNKZMNRKLCTJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000213996 Melilotus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000000839 Melilotus officinalis subsp suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241001668545 Pascopyrum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241001631271 Prunus fasciculata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000169680 Aphloia theiformis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010000210 abortion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000176 abortion Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in an earth-covered region of arsenopyrite, which comprises the following steps of: (1) go up domatic treatment, adopt horizontal ditch and vertical ditch of damming to the mode of retaining that combines: excavating closure transverse ditches along contour lines, excavating longitudinal ditches at two ends of each closure transverse ditch, excavating longitudinal ditches downwards along a slope from the highest position of a slope top every 5m along the left and right directions of the closure transverse ditches, and connecting each closure transverse ditch in series to form a trapezoidal ditch network; (2) three-dimensional cultivation, namely digging a scale pit in each intercepting transverse ditch, wherein the scale pits in two adjacent intercepting transverse ditches are in a triangular structure, planting wild peaches, wild apricots, wild jujubes and liquorice in the scale pits in the intercepting transverse ditches at the top of the slope, planting caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn downwards along contour lines in sequence, and realizing grass quilt recovery between the ditches in a sealing mode; (3) in the middle and last ten days of 4 months each year, sowing grass seeds in the closure transverse ditch, the longitudinal ditch and the fish scale pit at the end of 10 months each year: simultaneously sowing alfalfa, sweet clover, shazhanwang and wheatgrass between the mixed shrub rows before and after rainfall; (4) a water collecting device is arranged at the outlet of the slope top converging path, a water outlet pipe is connected with a drip irrigation tape through a three-way joint, and water is supplemented for plants growing on the downhill surface in a drip irrigation mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water and soil loss prevention and control, and particularly relates to a method for comprehensively preventing water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in a soil-covered region of arsenopyrite.
Background
The arsenopyrite region in the Ore Govern of the Earduos of the yellow river valley is a key zone and an important energy economy zone of the ecological barrier in the north of China. However, the arsenic sandstone has coarse soil particles and loose structure, and vegetation is sparse, water and soil loss is very serious in the confluence process in the rainstorm period, and a large amount of coarse silt enters the yellow river, so that the method becomes a significant problem for constructing an ecological safety barrier in the yellow river basin and guaranteeing high-quality development of the regional economy and society.
The method is divided into covering areas according to soil characteristics, namely, a layer of loess covers the surface of the sandstone, namely, the sandstone is buried under various loess landforms; covering a sand area, namely covering a layer of sand on the surface of the sandstone, namely covering the sandstone with the sand; the exposed area refers to an area where the earth surface of the arsenic sandstone is not covered by loess or aeolian sandy soil basically or is covered by extremely thin soil. In the area, rainfall and rainstorm are concentrated and strong, and water flow loss is serious.
The erosion of the top of the slope in the soil covering area is severe, gullies are vertical and horizontal, and the gully density is high and reaches 3-6 km/km 2 The average erosion modulus reaches 1.5 ten thousand t/km 2 Annealing, water erosion predominates, wind erosion, freeze-thaw erosion, and gravity erosion occurred alternately. The main problem of the top of the slope in the soil covering area is that runoff scouring erosion is serious, and water resources are difficult to utilize. The problems of serious erosion of water flow at the top of a slope of the soil covering area and low utilization efficiency of water resources are solved, and the ecological environment in the plateau area of the yellow river is seriously treated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling water and soil loss in a arsenic sandstone soil covering area, which can effectively improve the vegetation coverage, comprehensively retain and utilize water resources intercepted between ditches in a ditch, greatly reduce the soil erosion and runoff loss on the top of a slope, interplant economic forest fruits, intercropped liquorice and other Chinese herbal medicine plants, and effectively improve the income of local farmers.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in an earth-covered region of arsenic sandstone comprises the following steps:
(1) treatment of slope surface
Adopt horizontal ditch and vertical ditch of damming to the mode of retaining that combines: excavating closure transverse ditches along contour lines, excavating longitudinal ditches at two ends of each closure transverse ditch, excavating longitudinal ditches downwards along a slope from the highest position of a slope top every 5m along the left and right directions of the closure transverse ditches, and connecting each closure transverse ditch in series to form a trapezoidal ditch network;
specification of the intercepting transverse groove and the longitudinal groove: the furrow distance is 5m, the furrow opening width is 100cm, the furrow depth is 30cm, shrub rows such as caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn are planted among furrows, grass seeds are sown in furrow nets, the sowing time is 4 months, middle and late, and 10 months are counted each other; sowing alfalfa, sweet clover, Shashangwang and wheatgrass between the mixed shrub rows before and after rainfall;
(2) three-dimensional cultivation
Digging a scale pit in each intercepting transverse ditch, wherein the scale pits in two adjacent intercepting transverse ditches are in a triangular structure, planting wild peaches, wild apricots, wild jujubes and liquorice in the scale pits in the intercepting transverse ditches on the top of the slope, sequentially planting caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn downwards along contour lines, and realizing grass quilt recovery by a sealing mode between the ditches;
(3) in the middle and last ten days of 4 months each year, sowing grass seeds in the closure transverse ditch, the longitudinal ditch and the fish scale pit at the end of 10 months each year: simultaneously sowing alfalfa, sweet clover, shazhanwang and wheatgrass between the mixed shrub rows before and after rainfall;
(4) a water collecting device is arranged at the outlet of the slope top converging path, a water outlet pipe is connected with a drip irrigation tape through a three-way joint, and water is supplemented for plants growing on the downhill surface in a drip irrigation mode.
Preferably, in the process of treatment of the upper slope surface, 5-10 fish scale pits are arranged at intervals in parallel, a diversion trench is dug to one side of each intercepting transverse trench, a rhombic diversion structure is formed between every two adjacent intercepting transverse trenches, and arbor and shrub plants are planted in the diversion trench.
Preferably, water-collecting device sets up in reposition of redundant personnel ditch head department, water-collecting device includes the mass flow staving, mass flow staving upper end is provided with the current collection mouth, current collection mouth and the inside current collector intercommunication of mass flow staving, the outside of mass flow staving still is provided with the urceolus along its circumferencial direction, the urceolus bottom is the inclined plane, be provided with the multilayer along its circumferencial direction on the inclined plane and hinder the mud board, still be provided with the inflow hole along its circumferencial direction on the mass flow staving outer wall, the inflow hole is located urceolus bottom top, and is provided with first filter screen in the inflow hole, the inside second filter screen that is provided with of mass flow staving, be provided with the delivery port on the mass flow staving bottom outer wall, delivery port and play water piping connection.
Preferably, the bottom of the second filter screen is provided with a center column, the bottom of the center column is connected with a bottom cover, and the bottom cover is in threaded connection with the bottom of the flow collecting barrel body.
Preferably, the upper end of the mud blocking plate inclines towards the outer cylinder.
Preferably, still be provided with the inner tube in the mass flow bucket, the inner tube upper end is located mass flow mouth department, and inner tube outer wall and the laminating of mass flow mouth inner wall, the inner tube upper end is provided with the shielding film, shielding film center department is sunken to the mass flow chamber, be provided with a plurality of filtration pores along its circumferencial direction on the inner tube outer wall, inner tube bottom outer wall is provided with outer edge along its circumferencial direction, be provided with the guide slot on the outer edge, be provided with the direction sand grip with guide slot matched with on the mass flow intracavity wall, the lower extreme of direction sand grip is provided with the retaining ring.
Preferably, a second disc is arranged at the center of the retainer ring, the inner wall of the retainer ring is connected with the outer wall of the second disc through a second connecting rod, a horizontal plate is arranged at the bottom of the shielding film, and the horizontal plate is connected with the second disc through a top column.
Preferably, the inner barrel is internally provided with a first disc at the center, the first disc is connected with the inner wall of the inner barrel through a first connecting rod, the first disc is positioned at the upper end of the filter screen, a compression spring is arranged between the first disc and the second disc, the compression spring is sleeved outside the top post, one end of the compression spring is connected with the bottom of the first disc, and the other end of the compression spring is connected with the upper end of the second disc.
Preferably, a plurality of overflow holes which are equidistant are further formed in the inner wall of the collecting cavity along the circumferential direction of the inner wall, the collecting cavity is communicated with the outer cylinder through the overflow holes, and the overflow holes are located between the bottom of the collecting port and the retainer ring.
Preferably, the shielding film is made of an elastic steel sheet, the ring edge of the elastic steel sheet is downwards bent along the outer wall of the upper end of the inner cylinder to wrap the upper end of the inner cylinder, a plurality of elastic steel hooks are arranged on the inner side wall of the bending section of the elastic steel sheet along the circumferential direction of the inner side wall, and hook grooves matched with the elastic steel hooks are formed in the outer wall of the inner cylinder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the interception transverse ditch, the longitudinal ditch and the transverse ditch network runoff interception utilization technology of the diversion ditch, prevents the single ditch from having limited interception capacity, exerts the cooperative interception function of a plurality of ditches, simultaneously utilizes the characteristic of high flood control capacity of the ditch network, uses the longitudinal ditch to connect each transverse ditch in series, and digs the longitudinal ditch along the two ends of each transverse ditch simultaneously, thereby forming the trapezoidal ditch network, greatly improving the interception capacity of runoff and ensuring the flood control safety of the interception ditch. Moreover, the rhombic diversion structure can increase the radial infiltration path and the radial infiltration amount.
2. The method adopts a three-dimensional cultivation mode, a fish scale pit is dug in the closure transverse ditch, and an ecological and economic mode technology of interplanting mountain peaches, mountain apricots and wild jujubes into the forest and fruit plants for liquorice intercropping is adopted, so that the income of local farmers is improved. And the three-dimensional cultivation mode of forests, grass and shrubs is adopted from the top of the slope to the bottom in sequence, so that the dripping erosion of raindrops to surface soil can be relieved.
3. According to the invention, the water collecting device is built at the outlet of the converging path on the top of the slope, when radial flow enters, the radial flow sequentially passes through the multilayer mud blocking plates to filter out mud, then enters the flow collecting barrel body through the first filter screen, continues to pass through the second filter screen to realize secondary filtration, and the filtered radial flow water is stored in the flow collecting barrel body and is conveyed to a drip irrigation zone through the water outlet pipe to carry out drip irrigation on a downhill surface; when the rainstorm weather occurs, rainwater is concentrated on the shielding film, the inner barrel is extruded by the weight of the rainwater to move downwards integrally, in the process that the inner barrel moves downwards, the outer side of the shielding film moves downwards along with the inner barrel, the center of the shielding film is under the action of the support pillar and remains unchanged, after the inner barrel continues to move downwards, the shielding film is bent outwards to form an umbrella-shaped structure, the rainwater moves towards the periphery of the shielding film and flows into a water collecting area formed by the outer wall of the inner barrel and the inner wall of the flow collecting barrel body, when the water in the water collecting area reaches the filtering holes, the rainwater flows into the flow collecting cavity along the filtering holes, and when the water level rises quickly to reach the overflow holes, the rainwater overflows into the outer barrel from inside to outside and then flows into the flow collecting cavity through the first filter screen.
4. The shielding film adopts an elastic steel sheet, the ring edge of the elastic steel sheet is downwards bent along the outer wall of the upper end of the inner barrel to wrap the upper end of the inner barrel, a plurality of elastic steel hooks are arranged on the inner side wall of the bending section of the elastic steel sheet along the circumferential direction of the inner side wall, hook grooves matched with the elastic steel hooks are formed in the outer wall of the inner barrel, the elastic steel sheet is connected with the outer wall of the inner barrel in a mode that the elastic steel hooks are matched with the hook grooves in the direction, fixing and dismounting are facilitated, and the inside of the barrel body of the collecting barrel is conveniently cleaned.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in an earth-covered region of sandstone according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the ramp of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3 to 7 are views illustrating the effect of the three-dimensional cultivation of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the current collecting barrel body of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a state diagram of the collecting barrel body of the present invention collecting rainwater;
fig. 10 is an enlarged view of fig. 8 at a.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1. ascending a slope surface; 101. intercepting a transverse ditch; 102. a longitudinal trench; 103. a shunt trench; 104. fish scale pits; 2. a lower slope surface; 3. a flow collection device; 4. a flow collecting barrel body; 401. a manifold; 402. a flow collection port; 403. an overflow aperture; 404. an inflow hole; 405. a first filter screen; 5. an outer cylinder; 501. a mud blocking plate; 6. an inner barrel; 601. an outer edge; 602. a filtration pore; 603. a first connecting rod; 604. a first disc; 605. a hook groove; 7. a bottom cover; 701. A central column; 8. a second filter screen; 9. a shielding film; 901. an elastic steel hook; 10. a horizontal plate; 11. a top pillar; 12. a second disc; 13. a second connecting rod; 14. a retainer ring; 15. a guide convex strip; 16. a compression spring; 17. a water outlet pipe; 18. a drip irrigation tape.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment specifically provides a method for comprehensively preventing water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in an earth-covered region of arsenopyrite, which comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 1-2:
(1) treatment of ascending surface 1
Adopting a blocking and storing mode of combining the intercepting transverse groove 101 and the longitudinal groove 102: excavating intercepting transverse trenches 101 along contour lines, excavating longitudinal trenches 102 at two ends of the intercepting transverse trenches 101, excavating the longitudinal trenches 102 from the highest position of the top of a slope downwards along the left and right directions of the intercepting transverse trenches 101 at intervals of 5m, and connecting each intercepting transverse trench 101 in series to form a trapezoidal trench network; determining the design and construction specifications of the intercepting transverse ditch and the longitudinal ditch according to the thickness, the soil quality and the designed rainfall of the slope soil layer of the arsenic sandstone earthing area, wherein the specific excavation scheme is that the ditch distance is 5m, the ditch mouth width is 100cm and the ditch depth is 30 cm; planting shrub rows such as caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn in the ditches, and sowing grass seeds in the ditch net; the specific sowing time is 4 months, middle and last ten days per year and 10 months later per year; meanwhile, the grass quilts which have stronger vitality and are suitable for local climatic soil conditions, such as alfalfa, sweet clover, shazhangwang, wheatgrass and the like, are sown between mixed shrub rows before and after rainfall, and can play roles of stagnant sediment, increasing rainfall infiltration, reducing runoff shearing force, inhibiting water and soil loss and the like.
(2) Three-dimensional cultivation
As shown in fig. 3-7, a scale pit 104 is dug in each intercepting transverse ditch 101, the scale pits 104 in two adjacent intercepting transverse ditches 101 are in a triangular structure, wild peaches, wild apricots, wild jujubes and liquorice are planted in the scale pits 104 in the intercepting transverse ditches 101 at the top of the slope, caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn are sequentially planted downwards along the contour lines, and the grass quilt recovery is realized between the ditches in a sealing mode (vertical forest planting, shrub and grass three-level three-dimensional planting, and transverse planting is the change of economic forest fruits from the top of the slope to the side line of the hills-the traditional water and soil conservation biological measures).
Under the condition of comprehensively considering the multi-factor restriction conditions such as seedling planting, local rainfall induced abortion sand rule characteristics, soil penetration strength and the like, the scale pit construction specific parameters are as follows: the fish scale pits need to be excavated in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin', so that the effects of blocking runoff, increasing infiltration and settling silt of the fish scale pits are fully exerted; because the water and soil loss of the arsenicum sand soil covering region is mainly caused by high-strength rainfall for a short time, the excavated surface of the fish scale pit is semicircular, the long diameter is 120cm, the short diameter is 90cm, the depth is 60cm, the height of a ridge is 15cm, and the width of the top of the ridge is 12 cm; planting big seedlings of wild peaches, wild apricots and the like at a position which is 30cm away from the lower edge in the pit; for the seedlings of wild jujube, liquorice and the like, the distance between the pits and the lower edge is 15cm when the seedlings are planted.
(3) The collecting device 3 is arranged at the outlet of the converging path on the top of the slope, and the water outlet pipe 17 is connected with a drip irrigation tape 18 through a three-way joint, so that the plants planted on the downhill surface 2 are replenished with water in a drip irrigation mode.
This embodiment adopts the horizontal and vertical ditch net runoff of adopting horizontal ditch 101+ vertical ditch 102+ reposition of redundant personnel ditch 103 to block and utilizes the technique, it is limited to prevent that the single ditch damps the ability, the effect of damming in coordination of the play multiple ditch, simultaneously for utilizing the characteristics that ditch net flood control ability is high, and utilize vertical ditch 102 to establish ties each horizontal ditch, simultaneously along each horizontal ditch both ends dig vertical ditch 102, and then formed trapezoidal ditch net, the volume of blocking of runoff is greatly improved, the flood control safety to the damming ditch has also obtained the guarantee simultaneously.
And a three-dimensional cultivation mode is adopted, a fish scale pit 104 is dug in each intercepting transverse ditch 101, and the fish scale pits 104 in two adjacent intercepting transverse ditches 101 are in a finished word structure, and the three-dimensional cultivation mode of forests, grass and shrubs is adopted from the top of a slope to the bottom, so that the dripping erosion of raindrops to surface soil can be slowed down.
In the treatment process of the upper slope surface 1, 5-10 scale pits 104 are parallelly connected at intervals to excavate the diversion trench 103 towards one side of the interception transverse trench 101, a rhombic diversion structure is formed between every two adjacent interception transverse trenches 101, and arbor and shrub plants are planted in the diversion trench 103. The technology has the functions of shunting and preventing and treating the undercut of the ditch bottom.
And planting an economic orchard in an area with thick soil on the top of the slope, interplanting Chinese herbal medicine plants such as liquorice, forming a forest and fruit interplanting ecological economic mode of interplanting mountain peaches, mountain apricots and wild jubes with liquorice, and improving the income of local farmers.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the current collecting device 3 is arranged at the head of the shunt trench 103, the collecting device 3 comprises a collecting barrel body 4, a collecting port 402 is arranged at the upper end of the collecting barrel body 4, the collecting port 402 is communicated with a collecting cavity 401 inside the collecting barrel body 4, the outer side of the collecting barrel body 4 is also provided with an outer barrel 5 along the circumferential direction, the bottom of the outer cylinder 5 is an inclined plane, a plurality of layers of mud blocking plates 501 are arranged on the inclined plane along the circumferential direction, the outer wall of the collecting barrel body 4 is further provided with an inflow hole 404 along the circumferential direction thereof, the inflow hole 404 is positioned above the bottom of the outer barrel 5, a first filter screen 405 is arranged in the inflow hole 404, a second filter screen 8 is arranged in the collecting barrel body 4, a center post 701 is arranged at the bottom of the second filter screen 8, the bottom of the center post 701 is connected with a bottom cover 7, and the bottom cover 7 is in threaded connection with the bottom of the flow collecting barrel body 4; and a water outlet is formed in the outer wall of the bottom of the collecting barrel body 4 and is connected with a water outlet pipe 17.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the mud blocking plate 501 is inclined towards the outer cylinder 5, so that the silt in the runoff can be blocked outside the mud blocking plate 501.
In this embodiment, an inner barrel 6 is further disposed in the collecting barrel body 4, an upper end of the inner barrel 6 is located at the collecting port 402, the outer wall of the inner cylinder 6 is attached to the inner wall of the flow collecting port 402, the upper end of the inner cylinder 6 is provided with a shielding film 9, the center of the shielding film 9 is recessed toward the manifold 401, the outer wall of the inner barrel 6 is provided with a plurality of filtering holes 602 along the circumferential direction, the outer wall of the bottom of the inner cylinder 6 is provided with an outer edge 601 along the circumferential direction, the outer edge 601 is provided with a guide groove, the inner wall of the manifold 401 is provided with a guide convex strip 15 matched with the guide groove, the lower end of the guide convex strip 15 is provided with a retainer ring 14, a second disk 12 is arranged at the center of the retainer ring 14, the inner wall of the retainer ring 14 is connected with the outer wall of the second disk 12 through a second connecting rod 13, the bottom of the shielding film 9 is provided with a horizontal plate 10, and the horizontal plate 10 is connected with a second disc 12 through a top column 11; the inner cylinder 6 is provided with a first circle 604 disc at the center, the first circle 604 disc is connected with the inner wall of the inner cylinder 6 through a first connecting rod 603, the first circle 604 disc is positioned at the upper end of the filter screen, a compression spring 16 is arranged between the first circle 604 disc and the second disc 12, the compression spring 16 is sleeved outside the top column 11, one end of the compression spring is connected with the bottom of the first circle 604 disc, and the other end of the compression spring is connected with the upper end of the second disc 12.
As shown in fig. 9, when radial flow enters, the radial flow sequentially passes through the multilayer mud blocking plates 501 to filter mud, then enters the inside of the flow collecting barrel body 4 through the first filter screen 405, continues to pass through the second filter screen 8 to realize secondary filtration, and the filtered radial flow water is stored in the flow collecting barrel body 4 and is conveyed to the drip irrigation zone 18 through the water outlet pipe 17 to carry out drip irrigation on the downhill surface 2; when rainstorm weather occurs, rainwater is concentrated on the shielding film 9, the inner barrel 6 is extruded to integrally move downwards due to the weight of the rainwater, in the downward movement process of the inner barrel 6, the outer side of the shielding film 9 moves downwards along with the inner barrel 6, the center of the shielding film is kept unchanged under the action of the top column 11, after the inner barrel 6 continues to move downwards, the shielding film 9 is bent outwards to form an umbrella-shaped structure, the rainwater moves towards the periphery of the shielding film 9 and flows into a water collecting area formed by the outer wall of the inner barrel 6 and the inner wall of the collecting barrel body 4, and when the water in the water collecting area reaches the filtering holes 602, the rainwater flows into the collecting cavity 401 along the filtering holes 602.
In this embodiment, a plurality of overflow holes 403 are further disposed on the inner wall of the manifold 401 along the circumferential direction thereof, the manifold 401 is communicated with the outer cylinder 5 through the overflow holes 403, and the overflow holes 403 are located between the bottom of the manifold 402 and the retainer ring 14. When the water level rises to the overflow hole 403, it overflows into the outer tub 5 from the inside to the outside, passes through the first filter 405, and then flows into the manifold 401. Or after long-term use, sediment and impurities in a collecting area formed between the outer wall of the inner barrel 6 and the inner wall of the collecting barrel body 4 are too much to block the filter holes 602, so that rainwater cannot normally enter the collecting chamber 401 through the filter holes 602, can flow into the outer barrel 5 from the overflow holes 403, and continuously enters the collecting chamber 401 through the inflow holes 404. In order to avoid excessive accumulation of silt and impurities in the outer barrel 5, the interior of the outer barrel 5 is cleaned at intervals.
As shown in fig. 10, the shielding film 9 is made of an elastic steel sheet, a ring edge of the elastic steel sheet is bent downwards along an outer wall of an upper end of the inner cylinder 6 to wrap the upper end of the inner cylinder 6, a plurality of elastic steel hooks 901 are arranged on an inner side wall of a bent section of the elastic steel sheet along a circumferential direction of the inner side wall, and a hook groove 605 matched with the elastic steel hooks 901 is arranged on an outer wall of the inner cylinder 6.
During installation, the elastic steel sheet covers the upper end of the inner barrel 6, the part of the elastic steel sheet, which is more than the outer side of the inner barrel 6, is bent downwards, the elastic steel hook 901 performs circular arc motion and is clamped into the hook groove 605, connection between the elastic steel sheet and the inner barrel 6 is realized, the inner barrel 6 moves downwards, and in the process that the elastic steel sheet net is jacked up by the jacking column 11, the top of the elastic steel hook 901 is clamped on the top wall in the hook groove 605, so that the elastic steel sheet is firmly connected with the outer wall of the inner barrel 6, and the elastic steel sheet cannot be separated from the inner barrel 6 due to jacking of the jacking column 11. Meanwhile, when the interior of the collecting barrel body 4 needs to be cleaned, the bent part is turned upwards, namely the elastic steel hook 901 is separated from the hook groove 605, and the elastic steel sheet is separated from the inner barrel 6, so that the operation is simple and convenient.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in an earth-covered region of arsenicum sand is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) treatment of ascending surface
Adopt horizontal ditch and vertical ditch of damming to the mode of retaining that combines: excavating closure transverse ditches along contour lines, excavating longitudinal ditches at two ends of each closure transverse ditch, excavating longitudinal ditches downwards along a slope from the highest position of a slope top every 5m along the left and right directions of the closure transverse ditches, and connecting each closure transverse ditch in series to form a trapezoidal ditch network;
specifications of the closure transverse groove and the longitudinal groove: the furrow distance is 5m, the furrow opening width is 100cm, the furrow depth is 30cm, shrub rows such as caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn are planted among furrows, grass seeds are sown in furrow nets, the sowing time is 4 months, middle and late, and 10 months are counted each other; sowing alfalfa, sweet clover, Shashangwang and wheatgrass between the mixed shrub rows before and after rainfall;
(2) three-dimensional cultivation
Digging a scale pit in each intercepting transverse ditch, wherein the scale pits in two adjacent intercepting transverse ditches are in a triangular structure, planting wild peaches, wild apricots, wild jujubes and liquorice in the scale pits in the intercepting transverse ditches on the top of the slope, sequentially planting caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn downwards along contour lines, and realizing grass quilt recovery by a sealing mode between the ditches;
(3) a water collecting device is arranged at the outlet of the slope top converging path, a water outlet pipe is connected with a drip irrigation tape through a three-way joint, and water is supplemented for plants growing on the downhill surface in a drip irrigation mode.
2. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in an earth-covered region made of arsenopyrite according to claim 1, wherein in the treatment process of an upper slope surface, diversion trenches are dug to one side of each intercepting transverse trench at intervals of 5-10 scale pits in parallel, rhombic diversion structures are formed between every three adjacent intercepting transverse trenches, and arbor irrigation plants are planted in the diversion trenches.
3. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff of an earth-covered region of arsenic sandstone according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the water collecting device is arranged at the ditch head of the flow dividing ditch and comprises a flow collecting barrel body, the upper end of the collecting barrel body is provided with a collecting port which is communicated with a collecting cavity in the collecting barrel body, the outer side of the flow collecting barrel body is also provided with an outer barrel along the circumferential direction, the bottom of the outer barrel is an inclined plane, a plurality of layers of mud blocking plates are arranged on the inclined plane along the circumferential direction of the inclined plane, an inflow hole is also arranged on the outer wall of the flow collecting barrel body along the circumferential direction of the flow collecting barrel body, the inflow hole is positioned above the bottom of the outer barrel, a first filter screen is arranged in the inflow hole, a second filter screen is arranged in the flow collecting barrel body, and a water outlet is formed in the outer wall of the bottom of the collecting barrel body and is connected with a water outlet pipe.
4. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in an earth-covered region made of sandstone according to claim 3, wherein a central column is arranged at the bottom of the second filter screen, the bottom of the central column is connected with a bottom cover, and the bottom cover is in threaded connection with the bottom of the flow collection barrel body.
5. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in an earth-covered region made of arsenopyrite according to claim 3, wherein the upper end of the mud blocking plate is inclined towards the outer barrel.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein an inner barrel is further arranged in the collecting barrel, the upper end of the inner barrel is located at the collecting port, the outer wall of the inner barrel is attached to the inner wall of the collecting port, a shielding film is arranged at the upper end of the inner barrel, the center of the shielding film is recessed towards the collecting chamber, a plurality of filtering holes are formed in the outer wall of the inner barrel along the circumferential direction of the inner barrel, an outer edge is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the inner barrel along the circumferential direction of the inner barrel, a guide groove is formed in the outer edge, a guide convex strip matched with the guide groove is arranged on the inner wall of the collecting chamber, and a retaining ring is arranged at the lower end of the guide convex strip.
7. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in an earth-covered region made of sandstone according to claim 6, wherein a second disk is arranged at the center of the retainer ring, the inner wall of the retainer ring is connected with the outer wall of the second disk through a second connecting rod, a horizontal plate is arranged at the bottom of the shielding film, and the horizontal plate is connected with the second disk through a top column.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein a first disc is arranged at the center of the inner barrel and connected with the inner wall of the inner barrel through a first connecting rod, the first disc is located at the upper end of the filter screen, a compression spring is arranged between the first disc and the second disc, the compression spring is sleeved outside the jacking post, one end of the compression spring is connected with the bottom of the first disc, and the other end of the compression spring is connected with the upper end of the second disc.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the inner wall of the collecting chamber is further provided with a plurality of overflow holes at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, the collecting chamber is communicated with the outer cylinder through the overflow holes, and the overflow holes are located between the bottom of the collecting port and the retainer ring.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the shielding film is made of an elastic steel sheet, the edge of the elastic steel sheet is bent downwards along the outer wall of the upper end of the inner cylinder to wrap the upper end of the inner cylinder, the inner side wall of the bent section of the elastic steel sheet is provided with a plurality of elastic steel hooks along the circumferential direction, and the outer wall of the inner cylinder is provided with hook grooves matched with the elastic steel hooks.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210278101.XA CN114788441B (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2022-03-21 | Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of arsenic sandstone |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210278101.XA CN114788441B (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2022-03-21 | Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of arsenic sandstone |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114788441A true CN114788441A (en) | 2022-07-26 |
| CN114788441B CN114788441B (en) | 2023-11-14 |
Family
ID=82459688
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210278101.XA Active CN114788441B (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2022-03-21 | Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of arsenic sandstone |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114788441B (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20090112619A (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2009-10-28 | 주식회사 청완 | Trench Drainage Having Checking Hole |
| CN104429207A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Pitting field and hedgerow combined farming mode and structure thereof |
| CN106688357A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-24 | 陈贺铭 | Iron mine waste land vegetation recovery method |
| CN111236275A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 黄河水利科学研究院引黄灌溉工程技术研究中心 | Fish scale pit and catch basin comprehensive runoff retaining system and construction method thereof |
| CN211585361U (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-09-29 | 四川隆科旭环保科技有限公司 | From integrated mud-water separation of annular of taking inner loop deposits device |
-
2022
- 2022-03-21 CN CN202210278101.XA patent/CN114788441B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20090112619A (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2009-10-28 | 주식회사 청완 | Trench Drainage Having Checking Hole |
| CN104429207A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Pitting field and hedgerow combined farming mode and structure thereof |
| CN106688357A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-24 | 陈贺铭 | Iron mine waste land vegetation recovery method |
| CN211585361U (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-09-29 | 四川隆科旭环保科技有限公司 | From integrated mud-water separation of annular of taking inner loop deposits device |
| CN111236275A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 黄河水利科学研究院引黄灌溉工程技术研究中心 | Fish scale pit and catch basin comprehensive runoff retaining system and construction method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114788441B (en) | 2023-11-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN206646467U (en) | Hillside fields footpath seepage flow ecology harvests irrigation system | |
| CN216074968U (en) | River course river system view combined type ecological revetment structure | |
| CN111236275B (en) | Fish scale pit and catch basin comprehensive runoff retaining system and construction method thereof | |
| RU2563146C1 (en) | Method of anti-erosion protection of relief on polders for growing herbs | |
| CN104234007B (en) | A kind of river saline-alkali soil levee slope greening method | |
| CN209824682U (en) | Slope greening structure | |
| CN102031768A (en) | Novel farmland waterlogging prevention and treatment device and applied technology thereof | |
| CN210797432U (en) | Water conservancy river course bank protection | |
| CN210151706U (en) | Prevent soil erosion and water loss's afforestation equipment | |
| CN114788441A (en) | Method for comprehensively preventing and treating water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of sandstone | |
| CN207553246U (en) | Trifolium repense plants the draining system in field | |
| CN211671749U (en) | Drainage irrigation system for promoting yield increase of walnut orchard | |
| CN209989867U (en) | Semi-permeable intercepting horizontal ditch for water and soil conservation | |
| CN110622644B (en) | Configuration of wild goose type fish scale pit water collecting measure in arid region | |
| CN112136410A (en) | Method for rapidly building plants in flood plain wetland of Yangtze river central island | |
| CN112252343A (en) | Side slope packway with drainage and landscape greening irrigation functions and construction method thereof | |
| CN218880749U (en) | Soil and water conservation bank protection system for small watershed | |
| CN214005698U (en) | Water and soil conservation side slope nursing equipment | |
| CN215912663U (en) | Mountain body soil and water conservation management system | |
| CN216615701U (en) | Ecological garden slope protection brick convenient to drainage | |
| CN215252655U (en) | Ecological slope protection structure of river course | |
| CN216445911U (en) | Prevent soil erosion and water conservancy slope protection structure for construction | |
| CN218353668U (en) | Road water-collecting, forestation and soil preparation structure for preventing and treating loess road erosion | |
| CN215629737U (en) | Impact-resistant high-water-soil-protected ecological revetment | |
| CN219195796U (en) | Mountain area silt processing apparatus |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |