CN110622644B - Configuration of wild goose type fish scale pit water collecting measure in arid region - Google Patents
Configuration of wild goose type fish scale pit water collecting measure in arid region Download PDFInfo
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- CN110622644B CN110622644B CN201911009282.0A CN201911009282A CN110622644B CN 110622644 B CN110622644 B CN 110622644B CN 201911009282 A CN201911009282 A CN 201911009282A CN 110622644 B CN110622644 B CN 110622644B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a configuration of wild goose type fish scale pit water collection measures in arid regions in the technical field of water collection engineering, which comprises selection of wild goose type fish scale pit forest land, selection of wild goose type fish scale pit tree species and a wild goose type fish scale pit land preparation method, S1: selection of wild goose type fish scale pit forestation land, S2: wild goose type selection of fish scale pit tree-making species, S3: the goose-type fish scale pit land preparation method comprises a basic mode of the goose-type fish scale pit, a land preparation mode of a big fish scale pit, a structure and a construction method of an inclined retaining dam and a structure and a construction method of an inclined water collecting ditch (groove); the wild goose type fish scale pit has large volume, more water storage, large catchment area and more natural rainfall interception, is suitable for the slope during the construction of the inclined water retaining dam or the inclined catchment ditch (groove), and is simple and convenient to construct.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water collection engineering, in particular to configuration of a wild goose type fish scale pit water collection measure in an arid region.
Background
The water collection, water storage and full utilization of rainwater resources are key links of afforestation survival and forestation. The fish scale pit soil preparation is one of important soil preparation measures for afforestation in northern mountain areas, particularly for areas with rainfall below 400mm, economic forests (sea buckthorn, apples and fructus forsythiae) with higher value are popularized and used, the survival rate can be increased, and the yield can be increased by more than 10-30%. The existing wing type fish scale pit is formed by compounding a horizontal water collecting ditch (groove) and a fish scale pit. The fish scale pits are semicircular and 80-100cm long; the fish scale pit has catch basins on two sides, the catch basin has a length of 100cm, a width upper opening of 20cm and a lower opening of 10cm, the catch basin is high at the outer side and low at the inner side, a slope is formed in the catch basin, the outer end is high and the inner end is low, so that runoff is stopped in the catch basin and collected with the fish scale pit planting hole.
The existing wing type fish scale pit is small in water catchment surface, most rainfall in summer and autumn in the north of China is intensive rainfall, the slope surface is easy to form runoff, surface soil is taken away, and water resource waste is caused. Secondly, the mountain land has large gradient and complex terrain, and the horizontal water collecting ditch (groove) is difficult to operate in the construction process. The third horizontal water collecting ditch (groove) is easy to break and destroy under the strong rainfall, and loses the function of intercepting and collecting water.
Based on the configuration, the invention designs the configuration of a wild goose type fish scale pit water collecting measure in the arid region to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide configuration of wild goose type fish scale pit water collection measures in arid regions, and aims to solve the problems that the existing wing type fish scale pits in the background art are low in water storage, small in water catchment surface, easy to break and destroy under intensive rainfall and lose the effect of intercepting and catchment, and simple in construction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a configuration of arid area "wild goose formula" fish scale hole measures of catchmenting, includes the selection that "wild goose formula" fish scale hole made forest land, "wild goose formula" fish scale hole made tree kind of selection and "wild goose formula" fish scale hole soil preparation method which characterized in that:
s1: wild goose type fish-scale pit forest land selection
The wild goose type fish scale pit soil preparation selects an afforestation plot with the gradient below 40 degrees and the soil layer thickness above 20 cm;
s2: wild goose type fish-scale pit selection for making tree species
Wild goose type fish scale pit tree-making seeds have high selection value, apples, pears, almond, Chinese chestnuts, big fruit sea-buckthorns and the like are planted in a land with a slope below 25 degrees and a thick soil layer, and forsythia, hawthorn, wild apricots and the like are planted in a land with a slope above 25 degrees, a thin soil layer and a large amount of gravels;
s3: an 'wild goose type' fish scale pit soil preparation method,
the method comprises a basic mode of an 'wild goose type' fish scale pit, a land preparation mode of a big fish scale pit, a structure and a construction method of an inclined retaining dam and a structure and a construction method of an inclined water collecting ditch (groove).
Preferably, the basic mode of the "goose type" fish scale pit in the step S3 is as follows: the wild goose type fish scale pit is formed by compounding an inclined retaining dam or an inclined water collecting ditch (groove) and a big fish scale pit.
Preferably, in the step S3, the land preparation method of the big fish scale pit: building a fish scale pit in the center of a planting point, wherein the fish scale pit is semicircular, 150cm long, 80-100cm wide, 40cm high at the outer edge and 30cm wide, and is built into a soil and stone ridge, the construction method of the soil preparation mode of the large fish scale pit is that surface soil is piled above the fish scale pit, core soil and stones are piled at the edge, the surface soil is backfilled into the fish scale pit, the surface of the pit is a small reverse slope, and the outer height is lower than the inner height.
Preferably, the structure and construction method of the inclined dam in the step S3 are as follows: an inclined retaining dam is built on the land blocks with the gradient smaller than 10 degrees along the two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit, the horizontal included angle is 20-50 degrees according to the terrain and the topography, earth and stone ridges with the height of 10cm and the width of 20cm are built on the retaining dam by earth and stone, the length is determined according to the forestation density and the topography, the general length is 200-400cm, and the shape is along with the slope.
Preferably, the structure and construction method of the inclined water collecting channel (trough) in the step S3: on the land blocks with the gradient larger than 10 degrees, water collecting ditches (grooves) are built along the two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit and have the horizontal included angle of 20-50 degrees according to the terrain and the topography, the depth of each water collecting ditch (groove) is 10cm, the width of each water collecting ditch (groove) is 20cm, the excavated soil and the stones are blocked by water on the outer sides of the bricklaying ditches, the length is determined according to the afforestation density and the topography, the general length is 200-400cm, and the shape is along with the slope.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the wild goose type fish scale pit has large volume and more water storage;
2) the wild goose type fish scale pits have large catchment area and trap much natural rainfall;
3) the invention can be constructed along with the slope when the inclined retaining dam or the inclined water collecting ditch (groove) is constructed, and the construction is simple and convenient.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the oblique dam "wild goose type" fish scale pit of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the oblique catchment ditch (trough) "wild goose type" fish scale pit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: configuration of wild goose type fish scale pit water collecting measures in arid regions comprises selection of wild goose type fish scale pit forest land, selection of wild goose type fish scale pit tree species and wild goose type fish scale pit land preparation method,
s1: wild goose type fish scale pit forest land selection
Preparing goose type fish-scale pits, and selecting afforestation plots with the gradient below 40 degrees and the soil layer thickness above 20 cm;
s2: wild goose type fish-scale pit selection for making tree species
Wild goose type fish scale pit tree-making seeds have high selection value, apples, pears, almond, Chinese chestnuts, big fruit sea-buckthorns and the like are planted in a land with a slope below 25 degrees and a thick soil layer, and forsythia, hawthorn, wild apricots and the like are planted in a land with a slope above 25 degrees, a thin soil layer and a large amount of gravels;
s3: the goose-type fish scale pit land preparation method comprises a basic mode of the goose-type fish scale pit, a land preparation mode of a big fish scale pit, a structure and a construction method of an inclined retaining dam and a structure and a construction method of an inclined water collecting ditch (groove);
the basic mode of the wild goose type fish scale pit is as follows: the wild goose type fish scale pit is formed by compounding an inclined retaining dam or an inclined water collecting ditch (groove) and a big fish scale pit;
land preparation mode of large fish scale pits: building a fish scale pit with a shape of a semicircle with a length of 120-cm, a width of 80-100cm and a height of 40cm and a width of 30cm from the center of a planting point, and building a soil-rock ridge
The structure and the construction method of the inclined retaining dam are as follows: constructing an inclined retaining dam along two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit along the two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit with the gradient less than 10 degrees, wherein the horizontal included angle is 20-50 degrees according to the terrain and the topography, the retaining dam builds up earth and stone ridges with the height of 10cm and the width of 20cm by using earth and stones, the length is determined according to the forestation density and the topography, the general length is 200-400cm, and the shape is along with the slope;
the structure and construction method of the inclined water collecting ditch (trough) comprises the following steps: on the land blocks with the gradient larger than 10 degrees, water collecting ditches (grooves) are built along the two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit with the horizontal included angle of 20-50 degrees according to the terrain and the topography, the depth of each water collecting ditch (groove) is 10cm, the width of each water collecting ditch (groove) is 20cm, and the excavated soil and the stones are piled up to block water on the outer sides of the ditches. The length is determined according to the afforestation density and the terrain, the length is generally between 200 and 400cm, and the shape is along with the slope.
The first embodiment is as follows:
configuration of a wild goose type fish scale pit water collecting measure in arid regions:
s1: wild goose type fish scale pit forest land selection
Wild goose type fish-scale pit land preparation is carried out by selecting an afforestation land block with the gradient of 38 degrees and the soil layer thickness of 22 cm;
s2: wild goose type fish scale pit selection for making tree species
Wild goose type fish scale pit tree-making seeds have high selection value, apple, pear, almond, Chinese chestnut, big fruit sea-buckthorn and the like are planted in the land with 22 degrees of gradient and thick soil layer, and forsythia, hawthorn, mountain apricot and the like are planted in the land with 27 degrees of gradient, thin soil layer and more gravels;
s3: the goose-type fish-scale pit land preparation method comprises the basic mode of the goose-type fish-scale pit, the land preparation mode of the big fish-scale pit, the structure and the construction method of the inclined retaining dam and the structure and the construction method of the inclined water collecting ditch (groove)
The basic mode of the wild goose type fish scale pit is as follows: the wild goose type fish scale pit is formed by compounding an inclined retaining dam or an inclined water collecting ditch (groove) and a big fish scale pit;
land preparation mode of large fish scale pits: building a fish scale pit with a semicircular shape, a length of 120cm, a width of 80cm, an outer edge height of 40cm and a width of 30cm from the center of a planting point, and building a soil-rock ridge
The structure and the construction method of the inclined retaining dam are as follows: constructing an inclined retaining dam at 20 degrees at a horizontal included angle along two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit along the landform and the terrain in a land block with a gradient of 8 degrees, building a soil-rock ridge with the height of 10cm and the width of 20cm by using soil and rocks, determining the length according to the forestation density and the terrain, wherein the length is 200cm, and the shape is along with the slope;
the structure and construction method of the inclined water collecting ditch (trough) comprises the following steps: on a land block with a gradient of 12 degrees, water collecting ditches (grooves) are built at an angle of 20 degrees horizontally along two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit according to the terrain and the topography, the depth of each water collecting ditch (groove) is 10cm, the width of each water collecting ditch (groove) is 20cm, and the outside of each ditch is built by piling up dug soil and stones to retain water. The length is determined according to afforestation density and topography, the length is 200cm, and the shape is along with the slope.
Example two:
configuration of wild goose type fish-scale pit water collecting measure in arid region
S1: wild goose type fish scale pit forest land selection
Wild goose type fish-scale pit land preparation is carried out by selecting an afforestation land block with the gradient of 35 degrees and the soil layer thickness of 25 cm;
s2: wild goose type fish scale pit selection for making tree species
Wild goose type fish scale pit tree-making seeds have high selection value, namely economic forest tree seeds with the gradient of 20 degrees, apple, pear, almond, Chinese chestnut, big fruit sea-buckthorn and the like are planted in a land block with a thick soil layer, and forsythia, hawthorn, mountain apricot and the like are planted in a land block with the gradient of 30 degrees, a thin soil layer and more gravels;
s3: the goose-type fish-scale pit land preparation method comprises the basic mode of the goose-type fish-scale pit, the land preparation mode of the big fish-scale pit, the structure and the construction method of the inclined retaining dam and the structure and the construction method of the inclined water collecting ditch (groove)
The basic mode of the wild goose type fish scale pit is as follows: the wild goose type fish scale pit is formed by compounding an inclined retaining dam or an inclined water collecting ditch (groove) and a big fish scale pit;
land preparation mode of large fish scale pits: building a fish scale pit with a semicircular shape, a length of 130cm, a width of 90cm and an outer edge height of 40cm and a width of 30cm from the center of a planting point, and building a soil-rock ridge
The structure and the construction method of the inclined retaining dam are as follows: constructing an inclined retaining dam along the two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit with a horizontal included angle of 35 degrees according to terrain and topography in a land block with a gradient of 5 degrees, building a soil-rock ridge with the height of 10cm and the width of 20cm by using soil and rocks, determining the length according to forestation density and topography, wherein the length is 300cm, and the shape of the dam is along with the slope;
the structure and construction method of the inclined water collecting ditch (trough) comprises the following steps: and constructing a water collecting channel (groove) with a horizontal included angle of 35 degrees along two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit along the land blocks with a gradient of 15 degrees according to the terrain and the topography, wherein the depth of the water collecting channel (groove) is 10cm, the width of the water collecting channel (groove) is 20cm, and the excavated soil and the stones are piled up to block water on the outer side of the channel. The length is determined according to afforestation density and topography, the length is 300cm, and the shape is along with the slope.
Example three:
configuration of wild goose type fish scale pit water collecting measure in arid region
S1: wild goose type fish scale pit forest land selection
The wild goose type fish scale pit land preparation method comprises the following steps of selecting an afforestation land block with the gradient of 28 degrees and the soil layer thickness of 30 cm;
s2: wild goose type fish scale pit selection for making tree species
Wild goose type fish scale pit tree-making seeds are economic forest tree seeds with high selection value, the slope is 16 degrees, apples, pears, almond, Chinese chestnuts, big-fruit sea-buckthorns and the like are planted in the land blocks with thick soil layers, and the slope is more than 32 degrees, the soil layers are thin, and stones and gravels are more planted in the land blocks;
s3: the goose-type fish-scale pit land preparation method comprises the basic mode of the goose-type fish-scale pit, the land preparation mode of the big fish-scale pit, the structure and the construction method of the inclined retaining dam and the structure and the construction method of the inclined water collecting ditch (groove)
The basic mode of the wild goose type fish scale pit is as follows: the wild goose type fish scale pit is formed by compounding an inclined retaining dam or an inclined water collecting ditch (groove) and a big fish scale pit;
land preparation mode of large fish scale pits: building a fish scale pit in the center of a planting point, wherein the fish scale pit is semicircular in shape, 150cm in length and 100cm in width, 40cm in height at the outer edge and 30cm in width, and is built into a soil-rock ridge;
the structure and the construction method of the inclined retaining dam are as follows: constructing an inclined retaining dam at a horizontal included angle of 50 degrees along two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit on a land block with a gradient of 3 degrees according to the terrain and the topography, building a soil-rock ridge with the height of 10cm and the width of 20cm by using soil and rocks, determining the length according to the forestation density and the topography, wherein the length is 400cm, and the shape of the retaining dam is along with the slope;
the structure and construction method of the inclined water collecting ditch (groove) comprises the following steps: and constructing a water collecting channel (groove) with a horizontal included angle of 50 degrees along two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit along the land blocks with a gradient of 17 degrees according to the terrain and the topography, wherein the depth of the water collecting channel (groove) is 10cm, the width of the water collecting channel (groove) is 20cm, and the excavated soil and the stones are piled up to block water on the outer side of the channel. The length is determined according to afforestation density and terrain, the length is 400cm, and the shape is along with slope
Comparative example:
configuration of wild goose type fish scale pit water collecting measure in arid region
S1: wild goose type fish scale pit forest land selection
Wild goose type fish scale pit soil preparation selects an afforestation plot with the gradient of 42 degrees and the soil layer thickness of 18 cm;
s2: wild goose type fish scale pit selection for making tree species
Wild goose type fish scale pit tree-making seeds have high selection value, namely economic forest tree seeds with gradient of 27 degrees, apple, pear, almond, Chinese chestnut, big fruit sea-buckthorn and the like are planted in a land block with a thick soil layer, and forsythia, hawthorn, mountain apricot and the like are planted in a land block with gradient of 22 degrees, a thin soil layer and more gravels;
s3: the goose-type fish-scale pit land preparation method comprises the basic mode of the goose-type fish-scale pit, the land preparation mode of the big fish-scale pit, the structure and the construction method of the inclined retaining dam and the structure and the construction method of the inclined water collecting ditch (groove)
The basic mode of the wild goose type fish scale pit is as follows: the wild goose type fish scale pit is formed by compounding an inclined retaining dam or an inclined water collecting ditch (groove) and a big fish scale pit;
land preparation mode of large fish scale pits: building a fish scale pit in the center of a planting point, wherein the fish scale pit is semicircular in shape, 100cm in length and 70cm in width, 40cm in height at the outer edge and 30cm in width, and is built into a soil-stone ridge;
the structure and the construction method of the inclined retaining dam are as follows: constructing an inclined retaining dam at the horizontal included angle of 18 degrees along the two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit along the land blocks with the gradient of 12 degrees according to the terrain and the topography, building earth and stone ridges with the height of 10cm and the width of 20cm by using soil and stones, determining the length according to the forestation density and the topography, wherein the length is 180cm, and the shape is along with the slope;
the structure and construction method of the inclined water collecting ditch (trough) comprises the following steps: and constructing a water collecting channel (groove) with a horizontal included angle of 18 degrees along two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit along the land blocks with the gradient of 8 degrees according to the terrain and the topography, wherein the depth of the water collecting channel (groove) is 10cm, the width of the water collecting channel (groove) is 20cm, and the excavated soil and the stones are piled up to block water on the outer side of the water collecting channel. The length is determined according to the afforestation density and the topography, the length is 180cm, and the shape is along with the slope.
The results of the above examples and comparison with conventional wing-type fish scale pits are shown in the following table
| Case(s) | Pit volume (cm)3） | Catchment area (cm)3） | Construction time (sky) |
| Example one | 424000 | 40000 | 5 |
| Example two | 508000 | 60000 | 7 |
| EXAMPLE III | 640000 | 80000 | 8 |
| Comparative examples | 316000 | 36000 | 5 |
| Traditional wing type fish scale pit | Generally 200000- | Generally 10000- | 10 |
Compared with the traditional wing type fish scale pit, the wild goose type fish scale pit has the advantages of large volume, more water storage, large catchment area, more natural rainfall interception, capability of following the slope during construction, and simple and convenient construction.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a configuration of arid area "wild goose formula" fish scale hole measures of catchmenting, includes the selection that "wild goose formula" fish scale hole made forest land, "wild goose formula" fish scale hole made tree kind of selection and "wild goose formula" fish scale hole soil preparation method which characterized in that:
s1: wild goose type fish scale pit forest land selection
Wild goose type fish-scale pit land preparation is carried out by selecting an afforestation land block with the gradient of 28-35 degrees and the soil layer thickness of more than 20 cm;
s2: wild goose type fish scale pit selection for making tree species
Wild goose type fish scale pit tree-making seed selection value is high, the slope is 16-22 degrees, the apple, the pear, the almond, the Chinese chestnut and the big fruit sea-buckthorn are planted in the land with thicker soil layer, the slope is 27-32 degrees, the forsythia, the hawthorn and the wild apricot are planted in the land with thinner soil layer and more gravels;
s3: an 'wild goose type' fish scale pit soil preparation method,
the method comprises a basic mode of an 'wild goose type' fish scale pit, a land preparation mode of a big fish scale pit, a structure and a construction method of an inclined retaining dam and a structure and a construction method of an inclined water collecting ditch;
the basic mode of the wild goose type fish scale pit in the S3 is as follows: the wild goose type fish scale pit is formed by compounding an inclined retaining dam or an inclined catchment ditch and a big fish scale pit;
the land preparation mode of the large fish scale pit in the S3 is as follows: building a fish scale pit with the center of the planting point, wherein the fish scale pit is semicircular, has the length of 120-;
the construction method of the land preparation mode of the large fish scale pits comprises the steps that surface soil is piled above the fish scale pits, core soil and stones are piled, the surface soil is backfilled into the fish scale pits, and the pit surface is a small reverse slope and is high outside and low inside;
the structure and the construction method of the inclined retaining dam in the S3 are as follows: constructing an inclined water retaining dam along two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit along the land blocks with the gradient of 3-5 degrees, wherein the horizontal included angle is 20-50 degrees according to the terrain and the topography, the water retaining dam is built by soil and stones, soil and stone ridges with the height of 10cm and the width of 20cm are built, the length of the water retaining dam is determined according to the forestation density and the topography, the length of the water retaining dam is 200-400cm, and the shape of the water retaining dam is along with the slope;
the structure and the construction method of the inclined water collecting ditch in the S3 are as follows: constructing a water collecting ditch with the horizontal included angle of 20-50 degrees along the two sides of the upper edge of the fish scale pit along the land blocks with the gradient of 12-17 degrees according to the terrain and the topography, wherein the depth of the water collecting ditch is 10cm, the width of the water collecting ditch is 20cm, the excavated soil and the stones are built to block the outside of the ditch, the length is determined according to the afforestation density and the topography, the length is 200-400cm, and the shape is along with the slope.
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