CN104126343B - Double-ridge area water and soil conservation method - Google Patents
Double-ridge area water and soil conservation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a double-ridge area water and soil conservation method, and relates to the technical field of agricultural production. The invention specifically relates to a slope surface soil erosion control water and soil conservation method. In existing slope farmlands reclaimed along hills in low mountain and hilly areas, soil layers are thin, and soil erosion made farmland water stress severer. Topsoil is stripped, and erosion gullies damage the farmlands. Agricultural machine operation is restricted, such that farmland productivity is reduced, or even it is difficult to continue farming. The invention aims at solving the above problems. The method has the following steps: 1, a double-ridge area specification is determined; 2, ridge area route is set out; 3, double-ridge area spacing is determined; 4, the double-ridge area is built; and 5, double-ridge area plants are planted. The double-ridge area water and soil conservation method provided by the invention is suitable for soil erosion control in low mountain and hilly area slope farmlands with severe soil erosion problems.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies is and in particular to a kind of water and soil conservation side of domatic prevention and control of soil erosion
Method.
Background technology
Soil erosion is one of major casualty in the world, its destroyed land resource, causes productivity's decline and deposits；Disappear
Consumption limited water resources, form the disasters such as arid, flood, cause the deterioration of the ecological environment, seriously threaten the survival and development of the mankind,
Become various countries' question of common concern.Either developing country or developed country all exist to some extent soil erosion this
One problem, and the trend that the oriented direction continuing to deteriorate is developed.According to FAO's estimation, there is soil erosion in the whole world
Land area is up to 25,000,000 km2, account for the 16.7% of the land gross area, annual loss soil 26,000,000,000 t.China soil erosion face
Amass as 3,560,000 km2, account for 1/3rd of area.Soil erosion has become and has caused one of main reason of land deterioration,
Seriously threaten the table soil resource of preciousness and the sustainable development of society.
Northeast black earth area is China's most important grain producing region and maximum commodity grain base, undertakes China more than 50% city
City's population grain demand.But this region occurs in that black earth serious degradation problem, especially soil erosion, exacerbates soil degradation,
Damage farmland, seriously compromises the sustainable development of black earth agricultural, and threatens northeast commodity grain base status.Northeast is black at present
Soil erosion area 27.6 ten thousand km of Tu Qu2, account for the 26.8% of the soil gross area, occur mainly in the sloping upland of the reclamation of wasteland, and
And soil erosion is still in development, intensity increases, and area constantly expands；Lead to mollic thinning；The quantity of erosion groove, depth and width
Degree all has the trend of increase.Northeast black earth area is classified as one of three regions being badly in need of administering by country.Therefore, strengthen accounting for farmland face
Long-pending more than 60% Northeast black earth area sloping upland water and soil conservation is built, and lifts black sloping famland soil fertility, is to ensure that Farmland in Black Soil Area
Sustainable development and the basic place realizing increases in grain production capacity building.
Control measures, especially China's black earth erosion area are all being inquired into by each state of our times, are achieved noticeable achievement using low cost
Governance approach become the trend in one period from now on.The improvement of sloping upland is mainly using terraced fields, field bund vegetational zone with change
The engineering measures such as ridge, shorten slope surface runoff length of grade, and multiple level ridges, to the gradient, intercepts rainwash layer by layer；Extend runoff walking
Distance, increases and infiltrates the time, and its main target is to reduce soil by reducing rainwash and prolongation runoff earth's surface flowing time
Earth runs off, and increases soil moisture, realizes the purpose of water and soil conservation, and having defined a whole set of, effective to be applied to northeast black
The technology of native area sloping upland water and soil conservation and pattern, and incorporate " the black soil region soil erosion synthesis of Ministry of Water Resources's promulgation in 2009
Prevention Technique standard " (sl446-2009).
Northeast is mainly by loose tender, three rivers and the Liaohe River three llanura and Changbai Mountain, Daxing'an Mountainrange and the Xiaoxinanlin Mountains three mountain
Arteries and veins forms, and arable land is concentrated mainly on three llanuras, except the slope that song-Nen plain central and north Man Chuanman hilllock black soil region mostly is less than 7 degree is ploughed
Outside ground, other Plain regions arable land is more gentle.After founding of New, forest is excessively cut down, three big mountain range virgin forest felling
Totally, a large amount of farmlands have been opened up wasteland in Hills And Low Mountains, and most farmlands are sloping upland, are characterized in that the gradient is in the majority at 5 °～15 °,
Soil layer is thin, and how in 10cm～30cm, lower floor is land waste or gravel, and soil erosion is even more serious, and gully density is big, Soil erosion
Intensity is high, and mountain torrents often occur, and some places even mud-rock flow.Live local peasant and lumber's system in these mountain areas
Forest farm, currently country implement Natural Forest Protection Project, prohibit comprehensively and cut down, Planting Crops have become their main source of income, a side
Face soil is planted thinner and thinner, and part can not be cultivated；Another aspect local resident is difficult to find that other outlets of surviving；In addition national grain
Food safety allows of no optimist it is difficult to this part arable land is exited also Lin Haicao.Therefore, Hills And Low Mountains agricultural sustainable development road
It is only outlet, farmland Water Conservation Ecological Construction can only be implemented, water and soil resources carry out agricultural production on the basis of protection.
Muling, Heilongjiang city is located at Changbai Mountain system master ridge mountain range, and in region, the many water in mountain is wealthy, and geomorphic feature is " nine mountains half
Water half point field ", though being located in 56% that mountain farming population accounts for total population, 78.3 ten thousand mu of existing cultivated area, 90% is sloping upland,
Face erosion and rill erosion are one of Northeast black earth area region the most serious, and mostly occur mountain torrents, cause railway to stop transport, road interrupts,
Municipal government's location octahedral in 1991 leads to town and mountain torrents occurs, and 1/3rd cities are flooded, and train is stopped transport 3 days.There is part every year
Arable land sandstone are exposed and no longer cultivated.Serious soil erosion has caused the great attention of local government, and Water Conservation Ecological Construction arranges
For No.1 Project, in practice in more than 20 year, explore one kind and be difficult to because mountain region soil layer is thin build terraced fields substitute technology, in combined type
On the basis of vegetational zone, autonomous innovation have developed double ridge band conservation technology, has taken into account water conservation soil conservation and suitable draining, effectively
Control the soil erosion in hillside farmland, be that Northeast black earth area Soil Erosion comprehensive control provides effective mould
Formula, this technology can be applicable in China's mountain area sloping upland.
Content of the invention
The invention aims to solving the sloping upland opened up wasteland along massif of existing Hills And Low Mountains, because of soil layer thin (< 30cm),
The gradient larger (more than 5 °), soil erosion causes arable land water stress to increase, topsoil stripping, and erosion groove damages farmland, restricts agriculture
Machine operation, leads to conduit for farmland drainage to decline, or even is difficult to the problem continuing to cultivate, and provide a kind of pair of ridge band water and soil conservation side
Method.
Double ridge band soil and water conservation method, is specifically realized by the following steps:
First, the determination with specification for double ridge: two field bunds guarantees of build are parallel, and the section of two field bunds is identical, field bund top
Wide a, unit m, field bund bottom width a, unit m, field bund height h, unit m, spacing b of two field bunds, unit m；
Field bund top width a=0.5m described in step one；Field bund bottom width a=1.7m described in step one；In step
Described field bund height h=0.6m；Spacing b=1m of two described in step one field bund；
2nd, ridge band unwrapping wire: the highest point in the middle part of sloping upland, by 1/200～1/300 fixed first line of ratio fall, curved greatly
Make use of momentum, little curved cut-off, interval 30m beats marker peg, and turning is encrypted into 10m and beats marker peg；
3rd, the determination of double ridge belt distance: meeting 6 hours storm intensity runoff coefficients for 10 years by defence is 0.7 run-off
Design, according to meeting 6 hours most torrential rain amounts, the domatic gradient that field bund is located, field bund height and field bund cross-sectional area for local 10 years one
Calculate per hectare and build double ridge strip length, more double ridge strip length is built divided by per hectare with per hectare area, draw double ridge interband
Away from；
1. 6 hours most torrential rain amounts h are met within 10 years one6Calculated by local history meteorological data and obtain；
2. the determination of per hectare run-off, using following formula:
W=h6scr
In formula:
W is per hectare run-off,
h6Meet 6 hours most torrential rain amounts for 10 years one,
10000 square metres of s hectare area,
crRunoff coefficient, takes 0.7,
3. the calculating of every linear meter flood retention amount, using formula:
In formula:
Q every linear meter flood retention amount, unit m3,
H field bund height, unit m,
S original ground gradient tangent value, tg α, domatic gradient α that field bund is located, °,
As field bund cross-sectional area, the specification of repaiied field bund is: field bund top width a, unit m, field bund bottom width a, unit m, ground
Ridge height h, unit m,
4. per hectare is built double ridge strip length and is calculated, using formula:
L=w/q
In formula:
L is per hectare build double ridge strip length, unit m,
Q is every linear meter double ridge band flood retention amount, unit m3,
W is per hectare run-off, unit m3,
5. the calculating of double ridge belt distance i, is calculated by formula:
I=s/l
In formula:
I is double ridge belt distance, unit m,
S is per hectare area 10000m2,
L repaiies double ridge strip length, unit m for per hectare；
4th, double ridge band is built: after annual autumn harvest or before the sowing of spring site preparation, flat first with rotary cultivator rotation, then use
Caterpillar tractor draws checker plow and presses the spacing b parallel field bund of build that step one sets two field bunds, with artificial or mechanical stripping
Ridge building area table soil, is placed on both sides, with raw-soil ridge building between Shuan Geng both sides and the ridge and make real, to the specification reaching step one setting
Till, that is, field bund cross dimensions reaches wide a on single ridge, upper width a, the design standard of the high h in the ridge, then restores table soil, in Liang Geng
Between to build spacing d be 5～10m, perpendicular to the soil gear of field bund, soil blocks wide m, unit m, wide m under soil gear, unit m, and soil keeps off high h,
Unit m；
Soil described in step 4 blocks wide m=0.2m；Wide m=0.4m under soil gear described in step 4；In step 4
Described soil keeps off high h=0.3m；
5th, the planting of double ridge band plant: spring plants nursery stock at the top of two field bunds；
Nursery stock described in step 5 is herbaceous plant or shrub plant.
The invention has the advantage that
One present invention is generally directed to after low-relief terrain massif opens up wasteland as farmland, be more than 5 ° for the gradient, soil thickness is less than
The sloping upland of 30cm, " black soil region soil erosion disaster technical standard " (sl446-2009) issuing in accordance with Ministry of Water Resources, 5 °
～15 ° of sloping upland should build terraced fields, due to being land waste and big gravel under soil layer it is impossible to build level terraced field, Zhi Nengxiu
Slope terrace.Build slope terrace need to cut the earth ridge building, but because lower floor is land waste and big gravel, be difficult to excavate more, even if
Part can be excavated, and the ability intercepting runoff with the terraced fields ridge that land waste is built is weak, is easily destroyed by rush of water.The water in Muling, Heilongjiang city
Native holding worker passes through practice, comprehensive field bund and the terraced fields technology of more than 20 year, and innovation develops this pair of ridge band technology, shallower
Excavation on the basis of, build two the ridge press from both sides ditches, substitute terraced fields, serve good soil and water conservation effect, and gradually apply,
Implement more than 100,000 mus, and the Hills And Low Mountains application in other counties and cities.
2nd, the present invention is rare in water and soil conservation construction organically combines water conservation and draining, in existing sloping upland water
Changing ridge, field bund vegetational zone and terraced fields etc. in native holding technology is all by reducing the gradient of rainwash flow direction, with ridge blocking-up footpath
Flow to and increase surface water seapage time water conservation, and reduce rainwash flow velocity and carry out less soil losses.And on upward slope mountain
The farmland gradient opened up wasteland is relatively large, and single field bund of build and terraced fields ridge most time can play good water retention, but
When meeting strong rainstorms, the concentration time is short, and flow is big, and scouring force is strong, is often thrust, and forms waterline, gets erosion groove.Build double ridge band,
Rainwash can be intercepted at ordinary times, rainwash covers first ridge on top when meeting strong rainstorms, enter the ditch of double ridge interband
In, along the flowing of ditch little gradient, stopped by the interval low bank of earth between fields perpendicular to double ridge of build in ditch, reduce flow velocity, cut down scouring force, delay
Slowly it is discharged in erosion groove, flowing out field face, realizing not corroding or little erosion to domatic with this.
3rd, the present invention is the new model conceded the land to forestry, plantation water guarantor plant on the double ridge band after build, with shrub is how
Main, the massif sloping upland after improvement, on the basis of contour cultivation, parallel pair of ridge band of a rule that interval 20～40m builds, quilt
Shrub is covered, formed one the rule trees band, trees band in the middle of be water guarantor ecological sustainability plant farmland.Mountain after improvement
10-20% is taken up an area in double ridge band (forest land) in body sloping upland area, and 80-90% is taken up an area in farmland.
4th, the present invention is based on mechanical work, artificial supplemented by, operation is relatively easy, and construction costs is relatively low, simply easily
OK.
5th, the conservation technology of the present invention is constantly to summarize wound in Muling, Heilongjiang city comprehensive management by water and soil
Newly develop, be not only applicable to northeast low-relief terrain, also can apply in other similar mountain area Water Conservation Ecological Constructions in China,
It is the new model of China's low-relief terrain high-quality sustainable use farmland construction, national food production capacity is built, has important
Meaning.
The double ridge of the present invention is applied to the water and soil stream of the serious sloping upland of Soil Erosion with soil and water conservation method
Lose preventing and treating.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the transverse sectional view of specific embodiment a pair of ridge band, and wherein a represents the field bund on double ridge Dai Zhongdan ridge
Top width, a represents the field bund bottom width on double ridge Dai Zhongdan ridge, and b represents the spacing of two field bunds, and h represents the field bund on double ridge Dai Zhongdan ridge
Highly, α represents the domatic gradient that field bund is located, and o represents former slope ground surface face.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to act specific embodiment set forth below, also includes between each specific embodiment
Combination in any.
Specific embodiment one: combine Fig. 1, a kind of pair of ridge band soil and water conservation method of present embodiment, specifically press following
Step completes:
First, the determination with specification for double ridge: two field bunds guarantees of build are parallel, and the section of two field bunds is identical, field bund top
Wide a, unit m, field bund bottom width a, unit m, field bund height h, unit m, spacing b of two field bunds, unit m；
Field bund top width a=0.5m described in step one；Field bund bottom width a=1.7m described in step one；In step
Described field bund height h=0.6m；Spacing b=1m of two described in step one field bund；
2nd, ridge band unwrapping wire: the highest point in the middle part of sloping upland, by 1/200～1/300 fixed first line of ratio fall, curved greatly
Make use of momentum, little curved cut-off, interval 30m beats marker peg, and turning is encrypted into 10m and beats marker peg；
3rd, the determination of double ridge belt distance: meeting 6 hours storm intensity runoff coefficients for 10 years by defence is 0.7 run-off
Design, according to meeting 6 hours most torrential rain amounts, the domatic gradient that field bund is located, field bund height and field bund cross-sectional area for local 10 years one
Calculate per hectare and build double ridge strip length, more double ridge strip length is built divided by per hectare with per hectare area, draw double ridge interband
Away from；
1. 6 hours most torrential rain amounts h are met within 10 years one6Calculated by local history meteorological data and obtain；
2. the determination of per hectare run-off, using following formula:
W=h6scr
In formula:
W is per hectare run-off,
h6Meet 6 hours most torrential rain amounts for 10 years one,
10000 square metres of s hectare area,
crRunoff coefficient, takes 0.7,
3. the calculating of every linear meter flood retention amount, using formula:
In formula:
Q every linear meter flood retention amount, unit m3,
H field bund height, unit m,
S original ground gradient tangent value, tg α, domatic gradient α that field bund is located, °,
As field bund cross-sectional area, the specification of repaiied field bund is: field bund top width a, unit m, field bund bottom width a, unit m, ground
Ridge height h, unit m,
4. per hectare is built double ridge strip length and is calculated, using formula:
L=w/q
In formula:
L is per hectare build double ridge strip length, unit m,
Q is every linear meter double ridge band flood retention amount, unit m3,
W is per hectare run-off, unit m3,
5. the calculating of double ridge belt distance i, is calculated by formula:
I=s/l
In formula:
I is double ridge belt distance, unit m,
S is per hectare area 10000m2,
L repaiies double ridge strip length, unit m for per hectare；
4th, double ridge band is built: after annual autumn harvest or before the sowing of spring site preparation, flat first with rotary cultivator rotation, then use
Caterpillar tractor draws checker plow and presses the spacing b parallel field bund of build that step one sets two field bunds, with artificial or mechanical stripping
Ridge building area table soil, is placed on both sides, with raw-soil ridge building between Shuan Geng both sides and the ridge and make real, to the specification reaching step one setting
Till, that is, field bund cross dimensions reaches wide a on single ridge, upper width a, the design standard of the high h in the ridge, then restores table soil, in Liang Geng
Between to build spacing d be 5～10m, perpendicular to the soil gear of field bund, soil blocks wide m, unit m, wide m under soil gear, unit m, and soil keeps off high h,
Unit m；
Soil described in step 4 blocks wide m=0.2m；Wide m=0.4m under soil gear described in step 4；In step 4
Described soil keeps off high h=0.3m；
5th, the planting of double ridge band plant: spring plants nursery stock at the top of two field bunds；
Nursery stock described in step 5 is herbaceous plant or shrub plant.
In present embodiment step 2 curved greatly make use of momentum, double ridge band section of little curved cut-off, ratio fall change will be paid special attention to,
Little collection waterline or low-lying place will manually or mechanically fill the earthwork and accomplish water elutration beanstalk, and bossing will increase excavation, to ensure to arrange
Water is unimpeded；In double ridge band and operation road, erosion groove infall, should suitably increase ratio fall, and make circuit straight, suitable to ensure draining
Freely, that reduces road surface or check dam washes away pressure.
In present embodiment step 2, the ridge is to determine, with unwrapping wire purpose, first double ridge band baseline that double ridge band is built.
In present embodiment step 3, double ridge belt distance determines it is therefore an objective to determine the build position of domatic pair of ridge band entirely.
In present embodiment step 4, double ridge band is built it is therefore an objective to be built the major project of double ridge band using machinery, thereafter
It is aided with building of the double ridge band of the standard of being accomplished manually.
In present embodiment step 5, the purpose of planting of double ridge band plant is in the double ridge constructing by the ridge with plant cultivating
On band.
Water in after planting in present embodiment step 5 one month, First Year manpower weeding.
In present embodiment step 5, in double ridge band Kan Chu and ridge inter-drain, artificial growth alfalfa Gu Geng supports soil, produces
The herbage harvesting feed domestic animal going out and poultry.
Work process in present embodiment: low arable slope land is implemented to change behind ridge along equal pitch contour, meets according to defence for 10 years one
The soil erosion of 6h storm intensity, interval is built than being reduced to double ridge band of 1/200-1/300, and plant on the band of double ridge have good
The plant of good water guarantor effect, higher economic benefit and resistance to farmland herbicide, the sloping upland after enforcement is it is achieved that contour band
Plantation, is separated by rule shrub zone surrounded by mountains, shortens the domatic length of runoff, greatly extends rainwash road, increases
Infiltrate the time, reduce soil erosion；Form that the time is short, flow big meeting storm runoff, by entering the people of double ridge interband
Work raceway groove enters erosion groove or gutter, flows out field face.With the prolongation of the time limit, the water on the band of double ridge is protected economic plants and is entered cyclopentadienyl
Contain trophophase, the effect of water conservation soil conservation strengthens, and economic benefit steps up, and the artificial raceway groove of double ridge interband is covered by weeds and shrub
Lid, play the effect of plant hedge, can runoff decrease flow velocity, filter silt, also can reduce the outflow of farmland pollution thing.
Specific embodiment two: present embodiment with specific embodiment one difference is: the nursery stock described in step 5
For asparaguss, long Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae, Fructus Rubi, short stalk Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi, black currant, Fructus Lycii, big fruit Semen coryli heterophyllae or false indigo.Other be embodied as
Mode one is identical.
When described nursery stock is short stalk Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi, spacing of planting is 0.5m.
When described nursery stock is black currant, spacing of planting is 0.5m.
When described nursery stock is big fruit Semen coryli heterophyllae, spacing of planting is 1.5m.
When described nursery stock is long Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae, spacing of planting is 1.0m.
When described nursery stock is asparaguss, spacing of planting is 0.4m × 0.4m.
When described nursery stock is false indigo, spacing of planting is 0.2m × 0.2m.
When described nursery stock is Fructus Rubi, spacing of planting is 1.0m.
Specific embodiment three: present embodiment with specific embodiment one or two differences is: annual in step 4
Autumn harvest after or spring site preparation sowing before, with excavator press step one set two field bunds spacing b build parallel field bund.Other
Identical with specific embodiment one or two.
Using following examples checking beneficial effects of the present invention:
Test one: with reference to shown in Fig. 1, double ridge band soil and water conservation method, is to complete according to the following steps:
Muling, Heilongjiang city Da Zhai mountain small watershed, implements plot figure spot number 29, sloping upland, 10 ° of mean inclination, area
26hm2, length of grade 200m, north slope to, domatic is smooth,
First, the determination with specification for double ridge: two field bunds guarantees of build are parallel, and the section of two field bunds is identical, field bund top
Wide a, unit m, field bund bottom width a, unit m, field bund height h, unit m, spacing b of two field bunds, unit m；
Field bund top width a=0.5m described in step one；Field bund bottom width a=1.7m described in step one；In step
Described field bund height h=0.6m；Spacing b=1m of two described in step one field bund；
2nd, ridge band unwrapping wire: the highest point one end in the middle part of sloping upland, the fixed first double ridge band baseline of the ratio fall by 1/200,
Curved greatly make use of momentum, little curved cut-off, interval 30m beat marker peg, turning is encrypted into 10m；
3rd, the determination of double ridge belt distance: meeting 6 hours storm intensity runoff coefficients for 10 years by defence is 0.7 run-off
Design, according to meeting 6 hours most torrential rain amounts, the domatic gradient that field bund is located, field bund height and field bund cross-sectional area for local 10 years one
Calculate per hectare and build double ridge strip length, more double ridge strip length is built divided by per hectare with per hectare area, draw double ridge interband
Away from；
1. 6 hours most torrential rain amounts h are met within 10 years one6Calculated by local history meteorological data and obtain；
kpFor rainfall mould than coefficient, dimensionless,
For 6 hours most torrential rain amounts of annual, unit mm,
2. the determination of per hectare run-off, using following formula:
W=h6scr=0.062 × 10000 × 0.7=434m3
In formula:
W is per hectare run-off,
h6Meet 6 hours most torrential rain amounts for 10 years one,
10000 square metres of s hectare area,
crRunoff coefficient, takes 0.7,
3. the calculating of every linear meter flood retention amount, using formula:
In formula:
Q every linear meter flood retention amount, unit m3,
H field bund height, unit m,
S original ground gradient tangent value, tg α, domatic gradient α=10 ° that field bund is located, tg10 °=0.178,
As field bund cross-sectional area, the specification of repaiied field bund is: field bund top width a, unit m, field bund bottom width a, unit m, ground
Ridge height h, unit m,
4. per hectare is built double ridge strip length and is calculated, using formula:
L=w/q=434/1.64=264.6m
In formula:
L is per hectare build double ridge strip length, unit m,
Q is every linear meter double ridge band flood retention amount, unit m3,
W is per hectare run-off, unit m3,
5. the calculating of double ridge belt distance i, is calculated by formula:
I=s/l=10000/264.6=37.8m
In formula:
I is double ridge belt distance, unit m,
S is per hectare area 10000m2,
L repaiies double ridge strip length, unit m for per hectare；
4th, double ridge band is built: after annual autumn harvest or before the sowing of spring site preparation, flat first with rotary cultivator rotation, then use
Caterpillar tractor draws checker plow and presses the spacing b parallel field bund of build that step one sets two field bunds, with artificial or mechanical stripping
Ridge building area table soil, is placed on both sides, with raw-soil ridge building between Shuan Geng both sides and the ridge and make real, to the specification reaching step one setting
Till, that is, field bund cross dimensions reaches wide a on single ridge, upper width a, the design standard of the high h in the ridge, then restores table soil, in Liang Geng
Between to build spacing d be 8m, perpendicular to the soil gear of field bund, soil blocks wide m, unit m, wide m under soil gear, unit m, and soil keeps off high h, unit
m；
Soil described in step 4 blocks wide m=0.2m；Wide m=0.4m under soil gear described in step 4；In step 4
Described soil keeps off high h=0.3m；
5th, the planting of double ridge band plant: spring plants short stalk Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi at the top of two field bunds, spacing of planting is
0.5m；
Water in after planting in this test procedure five one month, First Year manpower weeding.
Work process in this test: Muling, Heilongjiang city Da Zhai mountain apogee altitude 523m, minimum point height 279m,
Relative relief is 252m, and double ridge of enforcement are located at the Da Zhai mountain massif middle and lower part on north orientation slope with erosion and torrent control works, implement benchmark
Year is 2012, and low arable slope land is implemented to change behind ridge along equal pitch contour, meets within 10 years one the soil erosion of 6h storm intensity according to defence,
The ratio double ridge band being reduced to 1/200 is built at interval, and plantation has good water guarantor effect, higher economic benefit on the band of double ridge
With the short stalk thorn five of resistance to farmland herbicide, the sloping upland after enforcement, build double ridge band 5124m altogether, take farmland 8.1%, realize
Contour Band texture, is spaced 37.8m shrub zone surrounded by mountains by a rule and separates, slope runoff length is shorten to by 200m
37.8m, rainwash road extends to 1200m, increased the time of infiltrating, and reduces soil erosion；Meet heavy rain within 2013 not right
Double ridge band causes to damage.
In this test, double ridge band conservation technology implements standard year is 2012, in June, 2014, the water on the band of double ridge
Protect economic plants short stalk Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi and grown to 0.5m height, 3 branches, enter and flourish the phase, the effect of water conservation soil conservation strengthens, economical
Benefit steps up, and the artificial raceway groove of double ridge interband is covered by weeds, plays the effect of plant hedge, can runoff decrease flow velocity, mistake
Filter mud is husky, reduces the outflow of farmland pollution thing, and effect is still good, has reached design requirement, water conservation soil conservation has reached 95%
High standard, complete the construction task in water and soil conservation farmland.
Claims (3)
1. double ridge with soil and water conservation method it is characterised in that double ridge completes according to the following steps with soil and water conservation method:
First, the determination with specification for double ridge: two field bunds guarantees of build are parallel, and the section of two field bunds is identical, field bund top width a,
Unit m, field bund bottom width a, unit m, field bund height h, unit m, spacing b of two field bunds, unit m；
Field bund top width a=0.5m described in step one；Field bund bottom width a=1.7m described in step one；Described in step
Field bund height h=0.6m；Spacing b=1m of two described in step one field bund；
2nd, ridge band unwrapping wire: the highest point in the middle part of sloping upland, by 1/200～1/300 fixed first line of ratio fall, curved greatly make use of momentum,
Little curved cut-off, interval 30m beats marker peg, and turning is encrypted into 10m and beats marker peg；
3rd, the determination of double ridge belt distance: meeting 6 hours storm intensity runoff coefficients for 10 years by defence is 0.7 run-off design,
Meet within 10 years one 6 hours most torrential rain amounts, the domatic gradient that field bund is located, field bunds according to locality highly to calculate often with field bund cross-sectional area
Hectare builds double ridge strip length, then builds double ridge strip length with per hectare area divided by per hectare, draws double ridge belt distance；
1. 6 hours most torrential rain amounts h are met within 10 years one6Calculated by local history meteorological data and obtain；
2. the determination of per hectare run-off, using following formula:
W=h6scr
In formula:
W is per hectare run-off,
h6Meet 6 hours most torrential rain amounts for 10 years one,
10000 square metres of s hectare area,
crRunoff coefficient, takes 0.7,
3. the calculating of every linear meter flood retention amount, using formula:
In formula:
Q every linear meter flood retention amount, unit m3/ m,
H field bund height, unit m,
S original ground gradient tangent value, tg α, domatic gradient α that field bund is located, °,
As field bund cross-sectional area, the specification of repaiied field bund is: field bund top width a, unit m, field bund bottom width a, unit m, and field bund is high
Degree h, unit m,
4. per hectare is built double ridge strip length and is calculated, using formula:
L=w/q
In formula:
L is per hectare build double ridge strip length, unit m,
Q is every linear meter double ridge band flood retention amount, unit m3,
W is per hectare run-off, unit m3,
5. the calculating of double ridge belt distance i, is calculated by formula:
I=s/l
In formula:
I is double ridge belt distance, unit m,
S is per hectare area 10000m2,
L repaiies double ridge strip length, unit m for per hectare；
4th, double ridge band is built: after annual autumn harvest or before the sowing of spring site preparation, flat first with rotary cultivator rotation, then use chain rail
The spacing b parallel field bund of build that step one sets two field bunds pressed by tractor-drawn checker plow, with artificial or mechanical stripping ridge building
Area table soil, is placed on both sides, with raw-soil ridge building between Shuan Geng both sides and the ridge and make real, to reach the specification that step one sets as
Only, that is, field bund cross dimensions reaches wide a on single ridge, upper width a, the design standard of the high h in the ridge, then restores table soil, between two ridge
Build spacing d is 5～10m, and perpendicular to the soil gear of field bund, soil blocks wide m, unit m, wide m under soil gear, unit m, and soil keeps off high h, single
Position m；
Soil described in step 4 blocks wide m=0.2m；Wide m=0.4m under soil gear described in step 4；Described in step 4
Soil keep off high h=0.3m；
5th, the planting of double ridge band plant: spring plants nursery stock at the top of two field bunds；
Nursery stock described in step 5 is herbaceous plant or shrub plant.
2. the according to claim 1 pair of ridge with soil and water conservation method it is characterised in that the nursery stock described in step 5 is stone
Diao Bai, long Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae, Fructus Rubi, short stalk Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi, black currant, Fructus Lycii, big fruit Semen coryli heterophyllae or false indigo.
3. the according to claim 1 pair of ridge with soil and water conservation method it is characterised in that in step 4 after annual autumn harvest
Or before the sowing of spring site preparation, press, with excavator, the spacing b parallel field bund of build that step one sets two field bunds.
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| CN106193066B (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2018-10-30 | 西北大学 | A kind of Loess landslide administering method based on restoration of the ecosystem |
| CN108142027A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-12 | 西北师范大学 | A kind of soil erosion prevention and control life assemblage system and its construction method |
| CN109258275A (en) * | 2018-10-27 | 2019-01-25 | 东北师范大学 | A kind of administering method controlling the scour of Loess Region ditch |
| CN109440570B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2024-02-06 | 吉林农业大学 | Construction method for preventing agricultural road erosion on sloping field and stone ridge |
| CN111305148A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-06-19 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | Structure and method for soil conservation and water storage of flat-type spoil area |
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| RU2084099C1 (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 1997-07-20 | Дальневосточный научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Дальневосточного отделения Россельхозакадемия | Ridge making method |
| JPH10140573A (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-05-26 | Mito Green Service Kk | Young plant planting method on slope face and slope face plating pot employed for the same system |
| CN102487717A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2012-06-13 | 曹世雄 | Method for afforestation and slope protection on slope of terrace |
| CN102605794A (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-07-25 | 北京林业大学 | Hill collapsing and garden making water and soil conservation method |
| CN202818915U (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2013-03-27 | 吉林省水土保持科学研究院 | Slope type stripping field capable of conserving water and soil |
| CN103340038B (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2016-07-27 | 曹世雄 | Width terraced fields mix domatic preparations for afforestation method |
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