CN107524116B - Ecological method for hard revetment of river channel - Google Patents
Ecological method for hard revetment of river channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN107524116B CN107524116B CN201710735850.XA CN201710735850A CN107524116B CN 107524116 B CN107524116 B CN 107524116B CN 201710735850 A CN201710735850 A CN 201710735850A CN 107524116 B CN107524116 B CN 107524116B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for ecologically protecting a hard river bank, which solves the problem that when an ecological reset box is arranged on the bank, the daily drainage effect of the river bank can be weakened; building a plurality of parting beads on the slope shore section by cement to divide the slope shore section into a plurality of unit blocks; preparing porous concrete, building a plurality of porous concrete hanging plates, and planting vine plants on the porous concrete hanging plates; installing a porous concrete hanging plate between two parting strips at the joint of the slope shore section and the upright shore section; arranging a climbing net on the vertical bank section, and binding the end part of the vine plant on the climbing net through a cotton rope; nutrient soil is backfilled in the unit blocks, and herbaceous plants and shrub plants are planted, so that the original drainage effect of the river channel is kept while the hard revetment is ecologized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to bank protection restoration, in particular to a method for ecologizing hard bank protection of a river channel.
Background
For a long time, various basic hydraulic engineering constructions belong to the thought of the formula of arranging soon of simple rough storm for adapting to human activities, only consider how to let the flood arrange sooner, more unobstructed, therefore original ecological river course is cut out the bend and is got straight, and the revetment structure of river course also mainly adopts and grouts or dry masonry revetment, cast in situ concrete revetment, precast concrete block revetment. The poor water permeability of the bank protection project cuts off the material relation between rivers and soil, so that the water storage and water seepage capability of the river channel is poor. So that various aquatic plants are difficult to grow on the hard slope surface, various aquatic animals lose the living environment, the self-purification capacity of the water body is reduced, and the aquatic ecosystem is seriously damaged.
A large amount of grouted concrete revetment is subjected to ecological transformation at the present stage to realize softening and ecological transformation of the revetment, for example, an ecological greening system for hard revetment disclosed in the patent with the publication number of CN204098045U comprises a hard revetment and an ecological composite box; the ecological composite box comprises a detachable net body and a geotextile liner arranged in the net body; soil and seeds are filled in the geotextile inner container; the ecological composite box realizes the effect of restoring ecological vegetation on the surface of a hardened slope body, and is beautiful and ecological.
But this kind of ecological case that resets is installed when protecting the bank, can lead to being located the distance between two shore protections in river course and reducing to lead to the water cross-section of crossing in river course to reduce, and then make the ordinary water level in river course rise, weakened the daily drainage effect in river course.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for ecologically restoring a hard revetment of a river channel, which is used for ecologically restoring the vertical revetment of the river channel on the premise of keeping the normal water level of the river channel unchanged, so that the river channel cut-off surface of a vertical bank section is prevented from being reduced in the process of ecologically restoring, the river channel has enough drainage flow, and the original drainage effect of the river channel is kept while the hard revetment is ecologically restored.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for ecologizing hard revetments of river channels comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning a vertical bank section and a slope bank section of the hard revetment;
(2) building a plurality of parting beads on the slope shore section by cement to divide the slope shore section into a plurality of unit blocks;
(3) preparing porous concrete, building a plurality of porous concrete hanging plates, and planting vine plants on the porous concrete hanging plates;
(4) installing a porous concrete hanging plate between two parting strips at the joint of the slope shore section and the upright shore section;
(5) arranging a climbing net on the vertical bank section, and binding the end part of the vine plant on the climbing net through a cotton rope;
(6) and backfilling nutrient soil in the unit blocks, and planting herbaceous plants and shrub plants.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the slope is cleaned, concrete fragments at the broken or worn part of the slope can be removed, and the insecure connection between the parting strips and the slope caused by the existence of the concrete fragments in the later construction process is avoided; after cleaning, dividing the slope bank section into a plurality of unit blocks through parting beads for construction, wherein the parting beads for cement pouring can play a certain water retaining role, so that water can wet plants in a single unit block, but the parting beads can not completely prevent water, and the water can still gradually seep through the parting beads, thereby avoiding the influence on the growth of the plants due to excessive water accumulation in the unit blocks, and having the effect of reducing nutrient soil loss through the design of the unit blocks; the porous concrete hanging plates are connected on the parting strips, compared with the situation that the porous concrete hanging plates are directly connected on the surface of the upright revetment, the porous concrete hanging plates are not in direct contact with the flowing water section of the river channel, the reduction of the flowing water section of the river channel caused by the thickness of the porous concrete hanging plates is avoided, and further the rise of the water line of the river channel is avoided, meanwhile, through the design of the vine plants and the climbing frame, the vine plants can be attached on the surface of the upright bank section along the climbing frame, the greening effect of the upright bank section is realized, the design of the climbing frame can play the role of guiding and fixing the vine plants, some vine plants with poor climbing capability can be planted, meanwhile, as the root systems of the vine plants are arranged on the slope bank section and are not in direct contact with the river water except the flood season, the root systems of the vine plants have more suitable growing environment, the vine is prevented from being submerged or semi-submerged all the time in the growth process, and the possibility of root rot of the vine is reduced; ecological restoration of the vertical bank section is realized by means of the porous concrete hanging plate, the vine plants and the climbing net; through backfilling nutritive soil in the unit block and planting herbaceous plants and shrub plants, ecological restoration of the slope bank section is realized, the herbaceous plants can be compared with shrub plants, soil fixing speed is high, soil fixing, greening and ecological effects of the shrub plants are good, soil is quickly and preliminarily fixed through the herbaceous plants, the shrub plants are reduced in the growth process, loss of the nutritive soil is reduced, the soil fixing effect is strengthened through the shrub plants, and ecological construction of the slope bank section is realized.
Preferably, the liana plants in the step (3) are selected from scindapsus aureus, ivy, euonymus fortunei, vinblastic tendril and golden piscine vine
Two or more of (1).
By adopting the technical scheme, the lianas have the climbing characteristics of strong adsorption, winding, beard curling or barbed stabs and the like, and meanwhile, the advantages of strong adaptability, quick growth, easy cultivation, easy survival, quick propagation, developed root system, criss-cross creeping stems, easy formation of microclimate locally, capability of attaching moss, lichen and the like to the surface of the vertical bank section, further improvement of the ecologization of concrete of the vertical bank section, and capability of enabling water flow to play a certain buffering role in the scouring of the revetment by the lianas attached to the vertical bank section; the vine plant is soft, the phenomenon of strangulation caused by mutual winding of vines is avoided, the corresponding vine plant is selected according to the flowering phase of the vine plant to be matched for planting, the upright bank section can be kept evergreen all the year round, and the ornamental effect is improved.
Preferably, the porous concrete hanging plate in the step (3) is provided with a filler groove, and the filler groove is filled with nutrient soil and zeolite molecular sieve.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, set up the filled groove on porous concrete link plate, through the mixture at the filled groove internal setting nutrient soil and zeolite molecular sieve, nutrient soil can compensate the not enough defect of porous concrete link plate nutrition, and there are a large amount of micropores on zeolite molecular sieve's surface, can improve nutrient soil at the inside gas permeability of porous concrete link plate, both can provide sufficient air for the root system of growing from the inside liana plant of filled groove, make the growth that the liana plant can be better, can also supply the microorganism to adhere to the growth, improve the microbial community quantity of root system part, in order to form the root system microecology.
Preferably, the porous concrete hanging plate is connected to the division bars through chemical anchor bolts.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, chemical crab-bolt compares in expansion screw, and chemical crab-bolt need not at concrete or parting bead
The internal expansion is less to the destruction of porous concrete link plate and parting bead.
Preferably, the climbing net is positioned below a normal water level line of a river and is connected with a plurality of biological hanging membranes.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the design of biological biofilm can supply the bacterial colony to adhere to, has avoided the bacterial colony to be washed away in the water flow, through the adnexed of bacterial colony, scrambles to the water line after following at lian plant, and partial bacterial colony can be attached to on lian plant's blade, has improved biological variety, and simultaneously, lian plant can also twine and grow on the biological biofilm, has improved the sight.
Preferably, the nutrient soil is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of river sand, 20 parts of black soil, 20 parts of leaf mold, 20 parts of desulfurized fresh water sludge, 20 parts of crushed stone, 10 parts of coconut coir, 5 parts of chicken manure and 5 parts of ammonium sulfate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the river sand is used as sandy soil, a large number of gaps are formed among the river sand to improve the air permeability of the nutrient soil, the black soil and the leaf mold are used as clay with higher nutrient content to provide enough nutrients for plant growth, the desulfurized fresh water sludge is obtained from the river bottom and is convenient to obtain materials, the sludge contains a large number of humus to further improve the nutrients for plant growth, and the desulfurized fresh water sludge is mixed with other soil to ensure that partial same elements exist between the components of the nutrient soil and the soil near the river bank, when the soil needs to be supplemented in the later period, local materials can be conveniently obtained, the design of the broken stones can be cooperated with the river sand to further improve the gap rate, and the coconut chaff can provide certain soil fixing effect through the adsorption effect of other soil on the broken stones, and is wound with the broken stones, improve the structural strength between the rubble, make things convenient for the winding of root system in the growth process, make the growth of root system better with solid soil effect, be difficult to pull out, ammonium sulfate is as an acid fertilizer, except can playing the effect that promotes the plant growth, can also neutralize the alkaline agent that permeates out among the original concrete block, avoid suddenly leading to the plant to be difficult to grow because of crossing the alkali, chicken manure is as the fertilizer of alkalescence, use jointly with ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate can be absorbed by chicken manure and be preserved, reduce the soil redox potential, reduce the nitration of ammonia, also can reduce the volatilization loss of ammonia, ammonium sulfate can promote the chicken manure and further become thoroughly decomposed, improve the fertilizer efficiency.
Preferably, the unit block has an area of 3 × 3 square meters and a depth of 30-40 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the construction time can be prolonged due to the undersize of the unit blocks, and the drainage effect and the unit are blocked simultaneously
Too large a block can result in excessive soil erosion; the too shallow depth can lead to the plant root system to be difficult to prick the root, and the too deep depth then can cause the cost to rise, and the load of former concrete shore protection improves, and the area that the unit block was established is 3x3 square meters, and the degree of depth is established to 30~40cm, and at this within range, can reduce the engineering time as far as possible at the in-process that reduces soil erosion and water loss, and is less to the plant growth influence simultaneously.
Preferably, the herbaceous plants are two or more than two of bermuda grass, ryegrass, paspalum natatum, zephyranthes candida and ophiopogon japonicus; the shrub plant comprises salix integra and juniper chinensis.
By adopting the technical scheme, the herbaceous plants and the shrub plants grow vigorously and have vigorous vitality
The waterlogging tolerance characteristic avoids the plant from being drowned and died in the flood season.
Preferably, the unit blocks are positioned above the nutrient soil and covered with wire netting frames, the side edges of the wire netting frames are bound on the partition bars, and the grid area of the wire netting frames is set to be 1 multiplied by 1 square meter.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the design of wire netting frame can play solid soil effect in the plant growth phase, avoids nutrient soil to appear the condition of soil erosion and water loss owing to lack fixed in the growth phase of plant.
Preferably, the nutrient soil in the unit blocks is covered with a cobblestone covering layer, and the cobblestone covering layer is filled in the grids at intervals.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the cobble plays the effect of beautifying the river bottom when herbaceous plant and bush plant are not full growth yet, can play the effect of solid soil and solid water simultaneously, reduces the transpiration effect, avoids under the solarization condition, and the seedling phenomenon appears in the plant lack of water.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the ecological hard revetment structure carries out greening on the vertical bank section through the porous concrete hanging plate, the vine plants and the climbing net which are arranged on the slope bank section, and carries out ecological transformation on the vertical bank section on the premise of ensuring the drainage flow of a river channel;
2. according to the ecological hard revetment structure, through the design of the biological hanging film and the climbing net, the biological hanging film can be attached by microorganisms in water, so that a water purification effect is achieved, the liana plants, the climbing net and the biological hanging film form a micro ecological system capable of being continuously developed on the vertical bank section, and a buffering effect is achieved on the washing of river channel flow to the vertical bank section;
3. the zeolite molecular sieve with the ecological hard bank protection structure can play a role in purifying water, supplying microorganisms to grow and improving gaps, so that the root position of a vine plant can have enough air after the vine plant grows roots, and meanwhile, the root system of the vine plant, the microorganisms attached to the zeolite molecular sieve and the microorganisms in nutrient soil can form a second microecosystem after the root system grows roots, so that the zeolite molecular sieve has a water purifying and filtering effect on water flowing into a river channel from a slope bank section;
4. the ecological hard revetment structure is used for planting herbaceous plants and shrub plants in unit blocks of a slope bank section so as to enrich soil fixation and ecology of the slope bank section, and meanwhile, through the design of a wire net rack and a cobblestone covering layer, under the condition that the herbaceous plants and the shrub plants are in a seedling stage and root systems are not deep enough, the ecological hard revetment structure can play the roles of soil fixation and transpiration reduction and reduce water and soil loss;
5. the growth effect of the selected plants can be improved by preparing the nutrient soil, the alkalinity of an alkaline agent in the hard revetment can be neutralized by adding the ammonium sulfate fertilizer into the nutrient soil, so that the soil can keep the pH value suitable for the growth of the plants, and meanwhile, the fertilizer efficiency can be further improved and the utilization rate of the ammonium sulfate can be improved due to the synergistic effect of the ammonium sulfate and the chicken manure;
6. the root system of the vine plant of porous concrete link plate can be through the hole of porous concrete link plate to the cell block ingrowth, and because the nutrient soil in the filled groove is unanimous with the nutrient soil in the cell block, can avoid the "soil erosion and water" phenomenon of getting rid of the growth in-process of vine plant, root system through the vine plant with be located the cell block herbaceous plant, intertwine between the root system of vine plant, can further improve solid soil effect, can promote the stability that the porous concrete link plate is connected at parting bead and slope bank section simultaneously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an ecological hard revetment structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of an ecological hard revetment structure during planting without filling soil;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of the porous concrete hanging plate;
fig. 4 is a view showing the installation structure of the biofilm.
In the figure, 1, a vertical bank section; 2. a sloping bank section; 3. a parting strip; 31. longitudinal parting strips; 32. transverse parting strips; 33. a unit block; 34. a drain hole; 35. a wire net rack; 352. a grid; 4. a river channel; 5. a porous concrete hanging plate; 51. a packing groove; 52. a cover plate; 53. inserting holes; 6. climbing a net; 61. a cross bar; 62. fastening bolts; 7. biofilm formation; 71. a wire rope; 72. a mass of hydroformylated vinylon; 8. a chemical anchor bolt; 81. a first bolt member; 82. a second bolt member; 9. and covering the cobblestone with a layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the ecological hard revetment structure constructed by the present invention comprises a vertical bank section 1 constructed by mortar-laying concrete and a slope bank section 2 connected above the vertical bank section 1. A plurality of parting beads 3 are poured on the slope bank section 2 through cement pulping. The division bar 3 comprises a longitudinal division bar 31 vertical to the river channel 4 and a transverse division bar 32 parallel to the river channel 4. The end of the longitudinal division bar 31 facing the vertical bank section 1 is connected with a plurality of porous concrete hanging plates 5. The cellular concrete hanging plate 5 is parallel to the transverse division bars 32, and the distance between the cellular concrete hanging plate 5 and the transverse division bars 32 is equal to the distance between two adjacent transverse division bars 32.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the cellular concrete cladding 5 is connected to the sloped bank section 2 by chemical anchors 8. The chemical anchor bolt 8 comprises a first bolt 81 which is connected with the porous concrete hanging plate 5 and the longitudinal parting bead 31 in a penetrating way, the porous concrete hanging plate 5 and a second bolt 82 which is positioned on the connection slope bank section 2 and used for building concrete in a mortar mode. The longitudinal division bars 31, the transverse division bars 32 and the porous concrete hanging plates 5 are enclosed to form a plurality of unit blocks 33 for separating the sloping bank sections 2. The longitudinal division bar 31 is positioned in each unit block 33 and is provided with a drain hole 34 communicated with the adjacent unit block 33. Block 33 is obtained by rapid 3X 0.3m, preferably 3X 0.35m, ethanol when carrying out a method of thin film cultivation according to 3X 0.3 m. The unit blocks 33 are filled with nutrient soil, and the thickness of the nutrient soil is consistent with the height of the longitudinal division bars 31. The division bar 3 is positioned above the nutrient soil and is also connected with a wire netting frame 35 covered on the nutrient soil, and the edge of the wire netting frame 35 is provided with a clamping hook for connecting the wire netting frame 35 and the division bar 3. The grid 352 area of the wire rack 35 is 1 x 1 square meter, and each unit block 33 is equally divided into nine blocks.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a plurality of grass plants and shrub plants are planted in the unit blocks 33, and the shrub plants are planted in the lattice 352 at the center of each unit block 33. The herbaceous plants are wound at intervals in the circumferential direction of the shrub plants, that is, a grid 352 without herbaceous plants is arranged between the two unit blocks 33 with herbaceous plants. The herbaceous plants are two or more than two of bermuda grass, ryegrass, paspalum natatum, zephyranthes candida and ophiopogon roots, and the shrub plants are salix integra and juniper. The unit blocks 33 are provided with a cobble blanket 9 between the meshes 352 of the wire frame 35. The pebble blanket 9 is covered in the lattice 352 where shrub plants are planted and the lattice 352 where herbaceous plants are not planted.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the porous concrete hanging plate 5 is in a right trapezoid block shape, the slope of the porous concrete hanging plate is consistent with the slope of the slope bank section 2 and abuts against the end face of the slope bank section 2 connected with the upright bank section 1, and the end face of the porous concrete hanging plate facing to the river channel 4 is parallel to the end face of the upright bank section 1 and is in the same plane. The porous concrete hanging plate 5 is also provided with a filler groove 51 with an opening arranged on the inclined plane, and the filler groove 51 is filled with nutrient soil for the growth of the liana and a zeolite molecular sieve for the attachment and enrichment of microorganisms. The porous concrete hanging plate 5 is also provided with a cover plate 52 for closing the opening of the filler groove 51 at the opening of the filler groove 51, and the cover plate 52 is formed by pouring cement. The porous concrete hanging plate 5 is also provided with a plurality of splicing holes 53 which are vertically communicated with the filler grooves 51 and are provided with openings on the end surface of the porous concrete hanging plate 5 facing the river channel 4.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, a plurality of vine plants are inserted into the insertion holes 53, and the root systems of the vine plants are rooted in the nutrient soil in the filling groove 51. The vine plant can be selected from two or more of scindapsus aureus, Hedera helix, Euonymus fortunei, Vinca minor and Cyperus rotundus.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the vine plants grow downwards along the vertical bank section 1 towards the end face of the river channel 4 under the action of gravity. The end face of the vertical bank section 1 is provided with a plurality of crossed climbing nets 6 for the vine plants to climb. Climbing net 6 is provided with a cross bar 61 pressing climbing net 6 towards upright shore section 1 and fastening bolts 62 connecting cross bar 61 with upright shore section 1. Climbing net 6 is located and is connected with a plurality of biological biofilm carriers 7 below the river course 4 normal water line, and biological biofilm carrier 7 includes tip and climbing net 6 ligature wire rope 71 and be the heliciform interval around establishing a plurality of aldehyde fibre restraints 72 on wire rope 71.
This ecological stereoplasm shore protection structure is through the design of the porous concrete link plate 5 that is located slope bank section 2, makes the cane plant can grow through the nutrient soil who fills in filled groove 51 to grow to upright bank section 1 through spliced eye 53, and the duplex winding is established on climbing net 6. Herbaceous plants and shrub plants are planted in the unit blocks of the slope bank section 2, so that the hard bank protection is ecologized.
Example one
A method for ecologically protecting hard river banks is applied to the restoration of grouted stone bank protection, dry block stone bank protection, cast-in-place concrete bank protection or precast concrete block bank protection comprising a slope bank section 2 and an upright bank section 1.
The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: bank protection pretreatment
(1) A safety isolation belt is pulled around the bank section to be repaired, and the bank section to be repaired is isolated from the road and the unrepaired bank section through waterproof cloth;
(2) and cleaning the garbage and sundries in the slope bank section 2 and the vertical bank section 1 of the bank to be repaired, and ensuring that no sundries are stacked on the surface of the concrete block.
Step two: division unit block 33
(1) The slope bank section 2 is divided into a plurality of 3x3 square meter unit blocks 33 by building templates, and the height of the template is set to be 40 cm;
(2) after cement is made into slurry, cement slurry is poured into the template, the template is removed after solidification, and a plurality of longitudinal division bars 31 perpendicular to the river channel 4 and transverse division bars 32 parallel to the river channel 4 are formed;
(3) the transverse division bar 32 is provided with a drain hole 34.
Step three: nutrient soil preparation
(1) The nutrient soil is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of river sand, 20 parts of black soil, 20 parts of leaf mold, 20 parts of desulfurized freshwater sludge, 20 parts of crushed stone, 10 parts of coconut coir, 5 parts of chicken manure and 5 parts of ammonium sulfate;
(2) after mixing evenly, covering a plastic film for fermentation for 3 days.
Step four: manufacturing of porous concrete hanging plate 5
(1) 200 parts of 525# cement, 1 part of water reducing agent and 20 parts of zeolite molecular sieve are filled in a plastic barrel according to the mass parts and are uniformly stirred to prepare the additive;
(2) 1500 parts of crushed stone with the particle size of 3, 150 parts of river sand and 200 parts of water are added into a stirrer according to the mass parts and stirred until the crushed stone is crushed
Wetting the surfaces of stones and river sand;
(3) adding 450 parts of water and 40% of additive into the step (2) and mixing for 60 s;
(4) adding 350 parts of water and 60% of additives into the step (3) and mixing for 90 seconds to obtain concrete slurry;
(5) after the concrete slurry prepared in the step (4) is filled into a mould, manually vibrating from the corners to the center for 30s, and prefabricating a convex block for forming a filling groove 51 on the mould;
(6) removing the formwork after 24h, covering a plastic film, and watering and maintaining for 28 days to obtain the porous concrete hanging plate 5 with the filling grooves 51;
(7) filling uniformly mixed nutrient soil and zeolite molecular sieve into the filling groove 51 according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and sealing an opening of the filling groove 51 through cement mortar;
(8) the porous concrete hanging plate 5 is provided with a plurality of inserting holes 53, the porous concrete hanging plate 5 is inserted with ivy, vinblastic tendril and derris elliptica with the length of 10-15 cm, the porous concrete hanging plate 5 is horizontally placed, and watering is carried out once every three days;
(9) after one week, vertically placing the porous concrete hanging plate 5, continuously culturing the plants, and screening the plants with the length exceeding the length of the plants after three weeks
30cm and vigorous growth of the porous concrete hanging plate 5.
Step five: porous concrete hanging plate 5 installation
(1) Connecting the screened porous concrete hanging plate 5 to the longitudinal parting strips 31 and the slope bank section 2 through chemical anchor bolts 8 to ensure that
The end face where the liana is planted faces the river 4, and the cement mortar sealing the filler groove 51 faces the hard revetment;
(2) inserting bamboo poles at the position of the river channel 4 close to the upright bank section 1, mutually staggering the bamboo poles to form climbing nets 6, abutting the climbing nets 6 with the upright bank section 1 through a cross rod 61, and driving fastening bolts 62 on the cross rod 61 to connect the cross rod 61 with the upright bank section 1;
(3) binding the end part of the vine plant on a climbing net 6;
(4) and a plurality of biological hanging membranes 7 are bound below the normal water level of the river 4 by the climbing net 6.
Step six: slope bank section 2 planting
(1) Backfilling 10cm thick nutrient soil in the unit block 33, and tamping;
(2) filling nutrient soil with the thickness of 20cm on the rammed nutrient soil again;
(3) laying a wire net rack 35 with 352 square meters of grid area 1 × 1 on the end face of the nutrient soil, wherein the wire net rack 35 is connected by a hook
On the parting strips 3;
(4) planting a plurality of herbaceous plants and shrub plants at intervals in the nutrient soil of the part which is not tamped, wherein the herbaceous plants are selected from bermudagrass, dwarf lilyturf tuber and paspalum natatum, and the herbaceous plants are planted in the grids 352 of the wire net rack 35 at intervals; shrub plants are salix integra and juniper chinensis planted at intervals and are planted in the central grid 352 of each unit block 33;
(5) a cobblestone covering layer 9 is arranged on the periphery, located on shrub plants, of the grid 352 where shrub plants are planted, the thickness of the cobblestone covering layer 9 is 2-4 cm, and meanwhile, the cobblestone covering layer 9 is also arranged in the grid 352 where herbaceous plants are not planted.
Example two
The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the vine plants are selected from scindapsus aureus and euonymus fortune; the herb is selected from Bermuda grass, paspalum natatum and zephyranthes candida.
EXAMPLE III
The difference between the third embodiment and the first embodiment is that the vine plants are selected from scindapsus aureus, vinblastic tendril and derris elliptica; the herbaceous plant is selected from herba Camptothecae Acuminatae, herba Alii Fistulosi, and radix Ophiopogonis.
Example four
The fourth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the vine plants are selected from ivy, euonymus fortunei and goldfish vines; the herbaceous plant is selected from Cynodon dactylon and herba Alii Fistulosi.
EXAMPLE five
The difference between the fifth example and the first example is that the thickness of the non-compacted nutrient soil layer is 25 cm.
EXAMPLE six
The difference between the fifth example and the first example is that the thickness of the non-compacted nutrient soil layer is 30 cm.
Selecting the nutrient soil, the commercially available nutrient soil A, the commercially available nutrient soil B and the commercially available black soil as samples, filling soil layers with the thicknesses of 30cm, 35cm and 40cm into a plurality of sample pots with the area of 50X50c square meters respectively, planting all types of plant seedlings selected by the invention in the pots as target plants for culture, taking 10 plants in each pot of herb plants, 3 plants in each pot of vine plants and 1 plant in each pot of shrub plants as a group, taking 10 plants as a control group for control culture, and recording the average growth amount of the target plants in 10 days, 30 days and 60 days.
The average growth amount is calculated by the formula: average growth amount = (sum of present growth height per plant-sum of initial growth height per plant)/total number of plants, wherein each plant includes all herbs, vines, and shrubs.
The calculation results are shown in the following table:
in conclusion, compared with commercially available nutrient soil and black soil, the nutrient soil prepared by the method has a better promotion effect on the selected plants, and can enable the selected plants to grow quickly, so that the soil fixation effect is accelerated.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for ecologizing hard revetments of river channels is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cleaning a vertical bank section (1) and a slope bank section (2) of the hard revetment;
building a plurality of parting beads (3) on the slope bank section (2) through cement, wherein the parting beads (3) comprise longitudinal parting beads (31) perpendicular to the river channel (4) and transverse parting beads (32) parallel to the river channel (4), the slope bank section (2) is divided into a plurality of unit blocks (33) through the longitudinal parting beads (31) and the transverse parting beads, the area of each unit block (33) is 3 multiplied by 3 square meters, and the depth of each unit block (33) is set to be 30-40 cm;
preparing nutrient soil, wherein the nutrient soil is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of river sand, 20 parts of black soil, 20 parts of leaf mold, 20 parts of desulfurized fresh water sludge, 20 parts of crushed stone, 10 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of chicken manure and 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, uniformly mixing, and then covering a plastic film for fermentation for 3 days;
preparing porous concrete, building a plurality of porous concrete hanging plates (5), and planting vine plants on the porous concrete hanging plates (5); the manufacturing method of the porous concrete hanging plate comprises the following steps:
1) 200 parts of 525# cement, 1 part of water reducing agent and 20 parts of zeolite molecular sieve are filled in a plastic barrel according to the mass parts and are uniformly stirred to prepare the additive;
2) adding 1500 parts by mass of crushed stone with the particle size of 3, 150 parts by mass of river sand and 200 parts by mass of water into a stirrer, and stirring until the surfaces of the crushed stone and the river sand are wet;
3) adding 450 parts of water and 40% of additive into the step (2) and mixing for 60 s;
4) adding 350 parts of water and 60% of additives into the step (3) and mixing for 90 seconds to obtain concrete slurry;
5) after the concrete slurry prepared in the step (4) is filled into a mould, manually vibrating from the corners to the center for 30s, and prefabricating a convex block for forming a filling groove (51) on the mould;
6) removing the formwork after 24h, covering a plastic film, and watering and curing for 28 days to obtain the right-angled trapezoidal porous concrete hanging plate (5) with the filling grooves (51);
7) filling uniformly mixed nutrient soil and zeolite molecular sieve into the filling groove (51) according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and sealing the opening of the filling groove (51) by cement mortar;
8) the side face corresponding to the longer bottom edge of the right trapezoid of the porous concrete hanging plate (5) is provided with a plurality of inserting holes (53), and the porous concrete hanging plate (5) is inserted with ivy, vinpocetine and derris elliptica with the length of 10-15 cm, horizontally placed with the porous concrete hanging plate (5), and watered once every three days;
9) after one week, vertically placing the porous concrete hanging plate (5), continuously culturing the plants, and screening the porous concrete hanging plate (5) with the length of more than 30cm and vigorous growth after three weeks;
fifthly, the porous concrete hanging plate (5) is arranged between two parting strips (3) of the inclined slope bank section (2) at the joint of the inclined slope bank section and the upright bank section (1), the inclined plane of the porous concrete hanging plate is consistent with the inclination of the inclined slope bank section (2) and is abutted against the end surface of the inclined slope bank section (2) connected with the upright bank section (1), and meanwhile, the end surface of one side of the porous concrete hanging plate facing the river channel (4) is parallel to the end surface of the upright bank section (1) and is positioned in the same plane;
sixthly, a climbing net (6) is arranged on the vertical bank section (1), and the end part of the vine plant is bound on the climbing net (6) through a cotton rope;
and (seventhly) backfilling nutrient soil in the unit block (33), wherein the thickness of the nutrient soil is consistent with the height of the longitudinal parting bead, and planting herbaceous plants and shrub plants.
2. The method for ecologizing the hard revetment of river channel according to claim 1, wherein said porous concrete hanging plate (5) is connected to the division bar (3) by chemical anchor bolts (8).
3. The method for ecologizing the hard revetment of river channel according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of biological hanging membranes (7) are connected to the climbing net (6) below the normal water level of the river channel (4).
4. The method for ecologically protecting the hard bank of the river channel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said herbaceous plants are selected from two or more of bermudagrass, ryegrass, paspalum, zephyranthes candida and ophiopogon japonicus; the shrub plant comprises salix integra and juniper chinensis.
5. The method for ecologically protecting the hard bank protection of the river channel according to the claim 1, wherein the unit blocks (33) are positioned above the nutrient soil and covered with a wire net rack (35), the side edges of the wire net rack (35) are bound on the partition bars (3), and the area of the grid (352) of the wire net rack (35) is set to be 1 x 1 square meter.
6. The method for ecologically protecting the hard river banks in the river course according to the claim 5, wherein the nutrient soil in the unit blocks (33) is covered with a cobblestone covering layer (9), and the cobblestone covering layer (9) is filled in the grids (352) at intervals.
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| CN108331012B (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2023-07-25 | 中国建筑第二工程局有限公司 | Retaining wall structure for civil construction and construction method thereof |
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| CN110073876B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-07-09 | 浙江融信环保科技有限公司 | Ecological transformation method for vertical hard bank slope |
| CN110574616A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-12-17 | 贵州省生物研究所 | greening method for vertically greening riverway bank cliff and ecological floating bed thereof |
| CN110710407A (en) * | 2019-10-26 | 2020-01-21 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Ecological amplification method for windproof function of grassland enclosure net |
| CN111441308B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-08-03 | 冯娟娟 | Gabion structure for reinforcing bank slope and using method thereof |
| CN113152372B (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2022-07-19 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Vertical bank protection construction method |
| CN113404005A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-17 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Coarse aggregate interconnected nail type block ecological revetment structure and construction method thereof |
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