CN110073876B - Ecological transformation method for vertical hard bank slope - Google Patents
Ecological transformation method for vertical hard bank slope Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110073876B CN110073876B CN201910248566.9A CN201910248566A CN110073876B CN 110073876 B CN110073876 B CN 110073876B CN 201910248566 A CN201910248566 A CN 201910248566A CN 110073876 B CN110073876 B CN 110073876B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- plant
- drought
- ecological
- vine
- type
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/42—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure of granular or aggregated structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of ecological bank protection and sponge city construction, and discloses an ecological reconstruction method of a vertical hard bank slope, which comprises the following steps: (1) paving a combined plant type ecological bag on the top of the vertical hard bank slope, wherein the combined plant type ecological bag is used for planting the combined plants; (2) installing a drought-enduring vine type ecological bar on a vertical hard bank slope between a position above the rich water level and the bank top along the horizontal direction, wherein the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar is used for fixedly planting drought-enduring vines; (3) and laying a floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar on the water surface close to the vertical hard bank slope along the horizontal direction, wherein the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar is used for planting aquatic plants. The ecological reconstruction method can realize high-efficiency interception and purification of initial rainwater, can enhance the self-purification capacity of the water body and build a good three-dimensional ecological landscape; the construction and the later maintenance are simple and convenient, the investment cost is low, and the ecological environmental benefit is very obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration and sponge city construction, in particular to an ecological reconstruction method of a vertical hard bank slope.
Background
Traditional revetment often focuses on the needs of flood discharge, waterlogging drainage, water and soil loss prevention and the like, and adopts rigid hard materials such as concrete blocks, dry masonry, mortar masonry and the like, but the plant growth property and the biological affinity of the materials are generally poor, so that the ecological environment functions such as pollution purification, ecological diversity protection, landscape greening and the like are difficult to exert. In recent years, with the advent of a series of policies such as "national water pollution control action plan" and "sponge city construction action plan", many areas of China have come to pay attention to the construction of ecological bank slopes having functions of water purification, water absorption, water seepage, greening, and the like.
The hardened bank slope usually adopts a vertical or slope type structural form, wherein the vertical ecological structural modification engineering has great technical difficulty, and although technical measures such as adoption of vegetation concrete or products thereof, installation of planting grooves or planting boxes and the like appear in recent years, the technical measures often have the problems of poor pollution interception and purification effect, poor vegetation growth, great field construction difficulty, high investment cost and the like, and are difficult to widely popularize and apply. Meanwhile, as the ecological transformation of the vertical hardened bank slope relates to a plurality of subjects of ecological engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering, civil engineering, garden engineering, plant physiology and the like, the research on the ecological transformation of the vertical hardened bank slope in China is late, the theoretical system of the ecological transformation of the vertical hardened bank slope is still imperfect, and the engineering technical method has a large excavation space.
At present, the invention patent with the patent application number of 201811306927.2 discloses a three-dimensional modularized ecological reconstruction system and a process thereof for a hard upright revetment, wherein a strengthening treatment area, an emergent aquatic plant purification area and a submerged plant purification area are sequentially arranged on one side of the upright revetment, which is close to a water body to be treated, and the bottoms of the upright revetment are connected with the river bottom; the heights of all the areas are respectively flood level, normal water level and low water level; the widths are respectively 0.5-0.8 times, 0.8-1.2 times and 1.1-1.3 times of the normal water level; the bottom of each area is filled with filler, and emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted on the filler. Although the water body to be treated passes through each area of different horizontal positions in sequence when approaching to the bank and is buffered by the planted plants, the problem of bank protection scouring is solved; however, the reduction effect of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in surface runoff pollution is poor, and the improvement effect of the self-cleaning capacity of the water body is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the improvement effect on the self-purification capacity of the water body is not ideal and the pollution interception effect on the surface runoff is very limited in the prior art, the invention provides the ecological reconstruction method of the vertical hard bank slope, and the method has the advantages of efficiently intercepting the surface runoff pollution, enhancing the self-purification capacity of the water body, building a three-dimensional ecological landscape, being convenient to construct and having low construction cost.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
an ecological transformation method of a vertical hardened bank slope comprises the following measures:
(1) laying a combined plant type ecological bag on the top of a vertical hard bank slope, wherein the combined plant type ecological bag is used for planting combined plants in a fixed mode, the combined plants are vine vines and high-stalk drought-enduring herbaceous plants, the combined plant type ecological bag comprises a combined plant type plant growing bag, a combined plant propagule and a combined plant type matrix, the combined plant propagule and the combined plant type matrix are mixed and filled in the combined plant type plant growing bag, or the combined plant type matrix is filled in the combined plant type plant growing bag, the combined plant propagule is planted on the combined plant type plant growing bag, and the combined plant type matrix is composed of the following components in percentage by mass:
according to the characteristics of vertical hard bank slope and discharge of earth surface river, a combined plant type ecological bag is laid on the top of the bank, and the ecological bag is filled with a combined plant type matrix and is used for planting combined plant propagules. The combined plant type substrate is prepared by mixing loam, dredged bottom mud, hydrated lime and straw powder according to a certain proportion, can simultaneously meet the growth requirements of vine vines and high-stalk drought-resistant grass propagation bodies, and provides a new way for the disposal and utilization of the dredged bottom mud. The straw powder with a proper proportion is added into the combined plant type matrix, so that the water holding performance of the matrix can be improved, and the texture and the structure of the matrix are improved, so that the combined plant type ecological bag has certain help effect on intercepting early-stage rainwater river pollution and drought resistance of plants; and the addition of a proper amount of hydrated lime can solidify substances such as phosphorus in the bottom mud and improve the acid-base environment of the substrate, and the alkaline environment is favorable for the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen, so that the adsorption and interception capability of the loam on river-entering pollution, particularly on ammonia nitrogen, can be promoted.
(2) Laying a reinforcing rib net along the horizontal direction on a vertical hard bank slope between a position above a water level and a bank top, installing a drought-enduring vine type ecological bar on the reinforcing rib net, wherein the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar is used for planting drought-enduring vines, the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar comprises a drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, a drought-enduring vine type plant propagule and a drought-enduring vine type matrix, the drought-enduring vine type plant propagule and the drought-enduring vine type matrix are mixed and filled in the drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, or the drought-enduring vine type matrix is filled in the drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, the drought-enduring vine propagule is planted on the drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, and the drought-enduring vine type plant matrix consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
according to the drought-resistant vine type ecological bar, the reinforcing rib net is laid between the water rich level and the bank top of the vertical hard bank slope along the horizontal direction, the drought-resistant vine type ecological bar is installed on the reinforcing rib net, drought-resistant vine type matrixes are filled in the ecological bar, the matrixes are prepared by mixing expanded vermiculite powder, modified oyster shell powder, broken waste mushroom sticks and light biochar according to a certain proportion, the matrixes are favorable for cultivating and growing drought-resistant vine plants, and due to the fact that the density of the matrixes is small, the prepared drought-resistant vine type ecological bar is light in weight, and when the matrix is fixed on the reinforcing rib net, the matrix is convenient to use and is fixed on the vertical hard bank slope relatively firmly. Because if the drought-enduring vine type ecological rod is too heavy, the drought-enduring vine type ecological rod is easy to fall off due to water flow impact in a rich water period. Therefore, the invention solves the problems of higher construction difficulty, high construction cost and difficult later maintenance and management in the common ecological treatment on the vertical hard bank slope.
Moreover, the aerial roots or the suckers of the drought-tolerant liana planted on the drought-tolerant liana type ecological bar have special adsorption effect, so that a stable and high-density vegetable layer can be established on the vertical hard bank slope.
(3) Laying a floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar on the water surface close to the vertical hard bank slope along the horizontal direction, wherein the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar is used for planting aquatic plants, the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar comprises aquatic plant type plant bags, aquatic plant propagules and floating matrixes, the aquatic plant propagules and the floating matrixes are mixed and filled in the aquatic plant type plant bags or the floating matrixes are filled in the aquatic plant type plant bags, the aquatic plant propagules are fixedly planted on the aquatic plant type plant bags, and the floating matrixes consist of the following components in percentage by mass:
in order to further intercept the surface runoff pollution of rivers, improve the self-purification capacity of water bodies, save the construction cost and reduce the labor intensity, the overwater ecological purification belt is laid on the water surface close to the vertical hard bank slope, namely, the overwater ecological purification belt is constructed by adopting a mode of laying the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bars along the horizontal direction and planting the aquatic plants on the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bars, and the additional construction operation machinery and equipment required by ecological purification facilities such as an ecological floating bed and the like can be avoided. The floating substrate used by the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar is prepared by mixing glass pumice powder, expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, foam particles and light biochar according to a certain proportion, and the floating substrate is filled in the aquatic plant type plant growing bag and can still float on the water surface after completely absorbing water.
The glass pumice powder is light and porous, can float on the water surface after absorbing water, has a plurality of mutually communicated pores, has strong air permeability, and is very easy for microorganisms to adhere and grow. The expanded perlite and the expanded vermiculite have good adsorption capacity on nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals, but the expanded perlite and the expanded vermiculite have poor air permeability, attached microorganisms, particularly nitrifying bacteria, have small biomass and low activity, and have large wet weight after water absorption, and can sink underwater after water absorption alone or a mixture of the expanded perlite and the expanded vermiculite. The expanded perlite, the expanded vermiculite and the glass pumice powder are mixed according to a certain proportion, so that ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus substances can be quickly adsorbed and enriched, sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth of aquatic plants, and a high-substrate-concentration and high-microbial-mass micro-treatment environment which is favorable for improving the removal efficiency of pollutants, particularly ammonia nitrogen, is created. In addition, the oxygen secretion of the aquatic plants can further promote the biomass and activity of nitrifying bacteria in the floating matrix, and further improve the nitrification conversion efficiency of ammonia nitrogen.
The raw materials of the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar and the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar are cheap and easy to obtain, so that compared with the existing similar application technology such as vegetation concrete slope protection, the production cost of the two ecological bars is lower, and the construction cost of the ecological transformation method is effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the manufacturing process of the two ecological rods can realize mechanical treatment, so that the labor cost and the labor intensity are greatly reduced. In addition, the two ecological rods are used for planting plants, so that the planting operation is simple and feasible, the growth of the plants is facilitated, and the survival rate of the plants is improved.
Preferably, the combined plant propagules are seeds, root tubers, bulbs, seedlings or seedlings of the vines and the high-stalk drought-tolerant herbaceous plants, the vines are one or more than one of Chinese campsis grandiflora, firming campsis grandiflora and winter jasmine, and the high-stalk drought-tolerant herbaceous plants are one or two of drought-borne canna and iris lactea.
Preferably, the reinforcing rib net is fixed on the vertical hard bank slope through an anchor or an anchor rod, and the reinforcing rib net is one or more than one of a metal net, a plastic-coated metal net, a geocell and a geogrid.
Preferably, the drought-enduring vine type ecological rod is arranged on the reinforcing rib net in one or more modes of anchoring nails, anchoring rods, metal wires, ropes and bottom supports.
Preferably, the drought-enduring vine propagules are seeds, root tubers, bulbs, seedlings or seedlings of the adsorptive vines, and the adsorptive vines are one or two of the ficus pumila and the trachelospermum jasminoides.
Preferably, the modified oyster shell powder is prepared by calcining, crushing and screening oyster shells.
Preferably, the calcining temperature of the modified oyster shell powder is 450-650 ℃.
Preferably, the maximum particle size of the modified oyster shell powder is 4.0mm, the maximum particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 2.8mm, and the maximum particle size of the crushed waste mushroom sticks is 6 mm.
Preferably, the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar is fixed on the vertical hardened bank slope by an elastic rope.
Preferably, the combined plant type vegetation bag, the drought-enduring vine type vegetation bag and the aquatic plant type vegetation bag are sewn by geotextile through which plant roots can grow.
Preferably, the aquatic plant propagules are seeds, tuberous roots, tubers, corms, bulbs, seedlings or seedlings of short-vine evergreen emergent aquatic plants and long-stalk emergent aquatic plants, the short-vine evergreen emergent aquatic plants are lentinus edodes, and the long-stalk emergent aquatic plants are one or more than one of canna aquatica, saxifraga stolonifera and droopin indica.
Preferably, the light biochar is a carbide obtained by subjecting rice, corn or rape straws to oxygen-limited carbonization treatment at 300-400 ℃, the maximum particle size of the light biochar is 4.0mm, the particle size of the glass pumice is 2-4 mm, and the particle size of the expanded perlite is 2-4 mm. The light biochar prepared under the low-temperature carbonization condition contains slowly-releasable soluble organic carbon, and the proper amount of the soluble organic carbon can improve the texture and the structure of a floating matrix and can be used as a supplementary carbon source for denitrification and denitrification of microorganisms, so that the removal efficiency of total nitrogen is improved.
According to the characteristics and the rules of plant growth habits and water level space-time changes and by combining long-term engineering practices, vine vines and tall-stalk drought-resistant grass and wood plants which have high ornamental value and distinct seasons are planted on the top of the vertical hard bank slope, adsorption vine plants which have strong drought resistance and can grow upwards and overgrown along the hard bank slope are planted between the high water level and the top of the bank, and low-dwarf evergreen emergent aquatic plants and tall-stalk emergent aquatic plants are planted on the water surface close to the vertical hard bank slope.
By adopting the plant configuration scheme and matching with the plant planting mode provided by the invention, the ecological transformation of the vertical hardened bank slope can be quickly realized, a stable and diversified vegetation ecological system and a green landscape gallery which are connected with water and land can be formed on the vertical hardened bank slope, the ecological transformation and the landscape transformation of the vertical hardened bank slope can be quickly realized, the surface runoff can be intercepted and purified efficiently, and the self-purification capacity of the water body can be improved.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable technical effects that:
according to the ecological transformation method of the vertical hard bank slope, the ecological interception belt is formed on the vertical hard bank slope by planting different types of plants through the innovative construction and integrated application of the combined plant type ecological bag, the drought-resistant vine plant type ecological bar and the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar according to the characteristics of the vertical hard bank slope, such as structure, terrain, hydrology and the like, and the initial rainwater can be efficiently intercepted and purified, wherein the interception rate of total phosphorus is more than 52%, the interception rate of total nitrogen is more than 68%, and the interception rate of chemical oxygen demand is more than 76%; meanwhile, the self-purification capacity of the water body can be enhanced, and a good three-dimensional ecological landscape is built; the construction and later maintenance are simple and convenient, the investment cost is low, and the ecological environmental benefit is very obvious, so the ecological modification method of the vertical hard bank slope provided by the invention has wide popularization and application prospects.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
An ecological transformation method of a vertical hardened bank slope comprises the following measures:
(1) laying a combined plant type ecological bag on the top of a vertical hard bank slope, wherein the combined plant type ecological bag is used for planting combined plants, the combined plants are vine vines and high-stalk drought-enduring herbaceous plants, the combined plant type ecological bag comprises a combined plant type plant growing bag, a combined plant propagule and a combined plant type matrix, the combined plant propagule and the combined plant type matrix are mixed and filled in the combined plant type plant growing bag, and the combined plant type matrix consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
(2) the method comprises the following steps of laying a reinforcing rib net along the horizontal direction on a vertical hard bank slope between a position above a water-rich level and a bank top, installing a drought-enduring vine type ecological bar on the reinforcing rib net, wherein the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar is used for planting drought-enduring vines, the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar comprises a drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, a drought-enduring vine propagule and a drought-enduring vine type matrix, the drought-enduring vine propagule and the drought-enduring vine type matrix are mixed and filled in the drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, and the drought-enduring vine type matrix consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
(3) the floating type aquatic plant ecological rod is paved on the water surface close to the vertical type hardened bank slope along the horizontal direction and used for planting aquatic plants, the floating type aquatic plant ecological rod comprises an aquatic plant type plant bag, an aquatic plant propagule and a floating matrix, the aquatic plant propagule and the floating matrix are mixed and filled in the aquatic plant type plant bag, and the floating matrix consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
the combined plant propagules are seeds, root tubers, corms, bulbs or seedlings of vines and high-stalk drought-tolerant herbaceous plants, the vines are Chinese campsis, and the high-stalk drought-tolerant herbaceous plants are xerophyte canna and iris lactea.
The reinforcing rib net is fixed on the vertical hard bank slope through an anchor, and the reinforcing rib net is a metal net, a plastic-coated metal net, a geocell and a geogrid.
The drought-enduring vine type ecological rod is arranged on the reinforcing rib net in a rope and bottom bearing mode.
The propagation body of the drought-enduring vine plant is the seeds, tuberous roots, tubers, corms, bulbs or seedlings of the adsorption vine plant, and the adsorption vine plant is the climbing fig.
The modified oyster shell powder is prepared by calcining, crushing and screening oyster shells, wherein the calcining temperature of the modified oyster shell powder is 450 ℃, the maximum particle size of the modified oyster shell powder is equal to 4.0mm, the maximum particle size of expanded vermiculite is equal to 2.8mm, and the maximum particle size of a waste mushroom stick crushed object is equal to 6 mm.
The floatable aquatic plant type ecological rod is fixed on the vertical hard bank slope by an elastic rope.
The combined plant type plant growing bag, the drought-enduring vine type plant growing bag and the aquatic plant type plant growing bag are sewn by geotextile with plant root systems capable of growing.
The aquatic plant propagule is seeds, tuberous roots, tubers, bulbs or seedlings of the dwarf type evergreen emergent aquatic plant and the long-stalk type emergent aquatic plant, the dwarf type evergreen emergent aquatic plant is lentinus edodes, and the long-stalk type emergent aquatic plant is aquatic canna.
The light biochar is a carbide obtained by carrying out oxygen-limited carbonization treatment on rice straws at 400 ℃, the maximum particle size of the light biochar is 4.0mm, the particle size of glass pumice is 2-4 mm, and the particle size of expanded perlite is 2-4 mm.
In the embodiment, an ecological interception belt is formed on a hardened bank slope to intercept and purify surface runoff of initial rainwater, the measured total phosphorus, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand of the initial rainwater are respectively 0.36mg/L, 2.51mg/L and 56.30mg/L, the initial rainwater is poor V-class water, after the initial rainwater is purified by the ecological interception belt, the total phosphorus, the total nitrogen and the chemical oxygen demand are respectively reduced to 0.17mg/L, 0.78mg/L and 13.12mg/L, the initial rainwater is III-class water, the removal rate of the total phosphorus is 52.8%, the removal rate of the total nitrogen is 68.9%, and the removal rate of the chemical oxygen demand is 76.7%.
Example 2
An ecological transformation method of a vertical hardened bank slope comprises the following measures:
(1) laying a combined plant type ecological bag on the top of a vertical hard bank slope, wherein the combined plant type ecological bag is used for planting combined plants in a fixed mode, the combined plants are vine-type lianas and high-stalk drought-enduring herbaceous plants, the combined plant type ecological bag comprises a combined plant type plant growing bag, a combined plant propagule and a combined plant type matrix, the combined plant type matrix is filled in the combined plant type plant growing bag, the combined plant propagule is planted on the combined plant type plant growing bag in a fixed mode, and the combined plant type matrix is composed of the following components in percentage by mass:
(2) the method comprises the following steps of laying a reinforcing rib net along the horizontal direction on a vertical hard bank slope between a position above a water level and a bank top, installing a drought-enduring vine type ecological bar on the reinforcing rib net, wherein the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar is used for fixedly planting drought-enduring vines, the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar comprises a drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, a drought-enduring vine type plant propagule and a drought-enduring vine type matrix, the drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag is filled with the drought-enduring vine type plant biological matrix, the drought-enduring vine type plant propagule is fixedly planted on the drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, and the drought-enduring vine type plant matrix consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
(3) the floating type aquatic plant ecological rod is paved on the water surface close to the vertical type hardened bank slope along the horizontal direction and used for planting aquatic plants, the floating type aquatic plant ecological rod comprises an aquatic plant type plant bag, an aquatic plant propagule and a floating matrix, the aquatic plant propagule and the floating matrix are mixed and filled in the aquatic plant type plant bag, and the floating matrix consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
the combined plant propagules are seedlings of vine vines and high-stalk drought-tolerant herbaceous plants, the vine vines are Chinese campsis grandiflora, firming campsis grandiflora and winter jasmine, and the high-stalk drought-tolerant herbaceous plants are xerophyte canna and iris lactea.
The reinforcing rib net is fixed on the vertical hard bank slope through an anchor rod, and the reinforcing rib net is a metal net.
The drought-resistant vine type ecological rod is arranged on the reinforcing rib net in an anchoring and anchoring manner.
The propagation body of the drought-enduring vine plant is the seedling of the adsorption vine plant, and the adsorption vine plant is the Ficus pumila and the trachelospermum jasminoides.
The modified oyster shell powder is prepared by calcining, crushing and screening oyster shells, wherein the calcining temperature of the modified oyster shell powder is 650 ℃, the maximum particle size of the modified oyster shell powder is equal to 4.0mm, the maximum particle size of expanded vermiculite is equal to 2.8mm, and the maximum particle size of a waste mushroom stick crushed object is equal to 6 mm.
The floatable aquatic plant type ecological rod is fixed on the vertical hard bank slope by an elastic rope.
The combined plant type plant growing bag, the drought-enduring vine type plant growing bag and the aquatic plant type plant growing bag are sewn by geotextile with plant root systems capable of growing.
The aquatic plant propagule is seeds, tuberous roots, tubers, bulbs or seedlings of short-vine evergreen emergent aquatic plants and long-stalk emergent aquatic plants, the short-vine evergreen emergent aquatic plants are lentinus edodes, and the long-stalk emergent aquatic plants are drooping umbellate grasses.
The light biochar is a carbide obtained by carrying out oxygen-limited carbonization treatment on rape straws at 300 ℃, the maximum particle size of the light biochar is 4.0mm, the particle size of glass pumice is 2-4 mm, and the particle size of expanded perlite is 2-4 mm.
In the embodiment, an ecological interception belt is formed on a hardened bank slope to intercept and purify surface runoff of initial rainwater, the measured total phosphorus, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand of the initial rainwater are respectively 0.36mg/L, 2.51mg/L and 56.30mg/L, the initial rainwater is poor V-class water, after the initial rainwater is purified by the ecological interception belt, the total phosphorus, the total nitrogen and the chemical oxygen demand are respectively reduced to 0.14mg/L, 0.68mg/L and 12.88mg/L, the initial rainwater is III-class water, the removal rate of the total phosphorus reaches 61.1%, the removal rate of the total nitrogen reaches 72.9%, and the removal rate of the chemical oxygen demand reaches 77.1%.
Example 3
An ecological transformation method of a vertical hardened bank slope comprises the following measures:
(1) laying a combined plant type ecological bag on the top of a vertical hard bank slope, wherein the combined plant type ecological bag is used for planting combined plants in a fixed mode, the combined plants are vine-type lianas and high-stalk drought-enduring herbaceous plants, the combined plant type ecological bag comprises a combined plant type plant growing bag, a combined plant propagule and a combined plant type matrix, the combined plant type matrix is filled in the combined plant type plant growing bag, the combined plant propagule is planted on the combined plant type plant growing bag in a fixed mode, and the combined plant type matrix is composed of the following components in percentage by mass:
(2) the method comprises the following steps of laying a reinforcing rib net along the horizontal direction on a vertical hard bank slope between a position above a water-rich level and a bank top, installing a drought-enduring vine type ecological bar on the reinforcing rib net, wherein the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar is used for planting drought-enduring vines, the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar comprises a drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, a drought-enduring vine propagule and a drought-enduring vine type matrix, the drought-enduring vine propagule and the drought-enduring vine type matrix are mixed and filled in the drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, and the drought-enduring vine type matrix consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
(3) laying a floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar on the water surface close to the vertical hard bank slope along the horizontal direction, wherein the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar is used for planting aquatic plants, the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar comprises aquatic plant type plant bags, aquatic plant propagules and floating matrixes, the floating matrixes are filled in the aquatic plant type plant bags, the aquatic plant propagules are fixedly planted on the aquatic plant type plant bags, and the floating matrixes consist of the following components in percentage by mass:
the combined plant propagules are seedlings of vine vines and tall-stalk drought-tolerant herbaceous plants, the vine vines are Chinese trumpet creeper and firmed-bone trumpet creeper, and the tall-stalk drought-tolerant herbaceous plant is Chinese iris.
The reinforcing rib net is fixed on the vertical hard bank slope through an anchor rod, and the reinforcing rib net is a plastic-coated metal net and a geogrid.
The drought-enduring vine type ecological rod is arranged on the reinforcing rib net in a mode of adopting metal wires, ropes and a bottom support.
The propagation body of the drought-enduring vine plant is the seeds, tuberous roots, tubers, corms, bulbs or seedlings of the adsorption vine plant, and the adsorption vine plant is the climbing fig and the trachelospermum jasminoides.
The modified oyster shell powder is prepared by calcining, crushing and screening oyster shells, wherein the calcining temperature of the modified oyster shell powder is 550 ℃, the maximum particle size of the modified oyster shell powder is equal to 4.0mm, the maximum particle size of expanded vermiculite is equal to 2.8mm, and the maximum particle size of a waste mushroom stick crushed object is equal to 6 mm.
The floatable aquatic plant type ecological rod is fixed on the vertical hard bank slope by an elastic rope.
The combined plant type plant growing bag, the drought-enduring vine type plant growing bag and the aquatic plant type plant growing bag are sewn by geotextile with plant root systems capable of growing.
The aquatic plant propagules are seedlings of dwarf evergreen emergent aquatic plants and long-stalk emergent aquatic plants, the dwarf evergreen emergent aquatic plants are lentinus edodes, and the long-stalk emergent aquatic plants are aquatic canna, saxifrage and drooping umbrella grass.
The light biochar is a carbide obtained by carrying out oxygen-limited carbonization treatment on corn straws at 350 ℃, the maximum particle size of the light biochar is 4.0mm, the particle size of glass pumice is 2-4 mm, and the particle size of expanded perlite is 2-4 mm.
In the embodiment, an ecological interception belt is formed on a hardened bank slope to intercept and purify surface runoff of initial rainwater, the measured total phosphorus, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand of the initial rainwater are respectively 0.36mg/L, 2.51mg/L and 56.30mg/L, the initial rainwater is poor V-class water, after the initial rainwater is purified by the ecological interception belt, the total phosphorus, the total nitrogen and the chemical oxygen demand are respectively reduced to 0.12mg/L, 0.65mg/L and 12.73mg/L, the initial rainwater is III-class water, the removal rate of the total phosphorus reaches 66.7%, the removal rate of the total nitrogen reaches 74.1%, and the removal rate of the chemical oxygen demand reaches 77.4%.
In summary, the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological transformation method of the vertical hardened bank slope is characterized by comprising the following measures:
(1) laying a combined plant type ecological bag on the top of a vertical hard bank slope, wherein the combined plant type ecological bag is used for planting combined plants in a fixed mode, the combined plants are vine vines and high-stalk drought-enduring herbaceous plants, the combined plant type ecological bag comprises a combined plant type plant growing bag, a combined plant propagule and a combined plant type matrix, the combined plant propagule and the combined plant type matrix are mixed and filled in the combined plant type plant growing bag, or the combined plant type matrix is filled in the combined plant type plant growing bag, the combined plant propagule is planted on the combined plant type plant growing bag, and the combined plant type matrix is composed of the following components in percentage by mass:
(2) laying a reinforcing rib net along the horizontal direction on a vertical hard bank slope between a position above a water level and a bank top, installing a drought-enduring vine type ecological bar on the reinforcing rib net, wherein the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar is used for planting drought-enduring vines, the drought-enduring vine type ecological bar comprises a drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, a drought-enduring vine type plant propagule and a drought-enduring vine type matrix, the drought-enduring vine type plant propagule and the drought-enduring vine type matrix are mixed and filled in the drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, or the drought-enduring vine type matrix is filled in the drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, the drought-enduring vine propagule is planted on the drought-enduring vine type plant biological bag, and the drought-enduring vine type plant matrix consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
(3) laying a floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar on the water surface close to the vertical hard bank slope along the horizontal direction, wherein the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar is used for planting aquatic plants, the floatable aquatic plant type ecological bar comprises aquatic plant type plant bags, aquatic plant propagules and floating matrixes, the aquatic plant propagules and the floating matrixes are mixed and filled in the aquatic plant type plant bags or the floating matrixes are filled in the aquatic plant type plant bags, the aquatic plant propagules are fixedly planted on the aquatic plant type plant bags, and the floating matrixes consist of the following components in percentage by mass:
2. the ecological transformation method of vertical hardened bank slope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the combined plant propagule is seeds, root tubers, corms, bulbs, seedlings or seedlings of vine vines and high-stalk drought-tolerant herbaceous plants, the vine vines are one or more than one of Chinese campsis grandiflora, firming campsis grandiflora and winter jasmine, and the high-stalk drought-tolerant herbaceous plants are one or two of xerophyte canna and iris lactea.
3. The ecological transformation method of vertical hardened bank slope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reinforcing rib net is fixed on the vertical hard bank slope through an anchor or an anchor rod, and the reinforcing rib net is one or more than one of a metal net, a plastic-coated metal net, a geocell and a geogrid.
4. The ecological transformation method of vertical hardened bank slope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drought-enduring vine type ecological rod is arranged on the reinforcing rib net in one or more modes of an anchor, an anchor rod, a metal wire, a rope and a bottom bearing.
5. The ecological transformation method of vertical hardened bank slope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drought-enduring vine propagules are seeds, tuberous roots, tubers, corms, bulbs, seedlings or seedlings of the adsorption vine plants, and the adsorption vine plants are one or two of the climbing fig and the trachelospermi caulis.
6. The ecological transformation method of vertical hardened bank slope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the maximum particle size of the modified oyster shell powder is equal to 4.0mm, the maximum particle size of the expanded vermiculite is equal to 2.8mm, and the maximum particle size of the crushed waste mushroom sticks is equal to 6 mm.
7. The ecological transformation method of vertical hardened bank slope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the floatable aquatic plant type ecological rod is fixed on the vertical hard bank slope by an elastic rope.
8. The ecological transformation method of vertical hardened bank slope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the combined plant type plant growing bag, the drought-enduring vine type plant growing bag and the aquatic plant type plant growing bag are sewn by geotextile with plant root systems capable of growing.
9. The ecological transformation method of vertical hardened bank slope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the aquatic plant propagule is seeds, root tubers, bulbs, seedlings or seedlings of the short-vine evergreen emergent aquatic plant and the long-stalk emergent aquatic plant, the short-vine evergreen emergent aquatic plant is lentinus edodes, and the long-stalk emergent aquatic plant is one or more than one of aquatic canna, saxifrage and drooping grass.
10. The ecological transformation method of vertical hardened bank slope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the light biochar is a carbide obtained by carrying out oxygen-limited carbonization treatment on rice, corn or rape straws at 300-400 ℃, and has the maximum particle size of 4.0mm, the particle size of glass pumice of 2-4 mm and the particle size of expanded perlite of 2-4 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910248566.9A CN110073876B (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2019-03-29 | Ecological transformation method for vertical hard bank slope |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910248566.9A CN110073876B (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2019-03-29 | Ecological transformation method for vertical hard bank slope |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110073876A CN110073876A (en) | 2019-08-02 |
| CN110073876B true CN110073876B (en) | 2021-07-09 |
Family
ID=67413785
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910248566.9A Active CN110073876B (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2019-03-29 | Ecological transformation method for vertical hard bank slope |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110073876B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110984073B (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2021-07-27 | 华北水利水电大学 | Plant organic combination composite ecological slope protection and construction method |
| CN111662723B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-06-15 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Acidic improved matrix for metal ore waste rock yard and vegetation recovery construction method thereof |
| CN111662722B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-06-15 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Soilless planting substrate for vegetation recovery of metal mine waste rock yard and vegetation recovery construction method thereof |
| CN113412765A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-21 | 浙江同济科技职业学院 | Ecological restoration method for bank hydro-fluctuation belt |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007023501A (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-02-01 | Tenryu Ind Co Ltd | Greening construction method for dry/wet normal surface, and vegetation material used for the greening construction method |
| KR20070033302A (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2007-03-26 | 주식회사 한국건설관리공사 | Shore Protection Structure Of A Plant Community Type |
| CN104195983A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-10 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological softening structure of rigid revetment |
| CN105256766B (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-01-18 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Ecology-simulated water bank protection slope structure |
| CN106702963A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-05-24 | 华东建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Vertical revetment |
| CN107524116B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2021-01-01 | 宁波市产城生态建设集团有限公司 | Ecological method for hard revetment of river channel |
| CN207244563U (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-04-17 | 宁波市产城生态建设集团有限公司 | A kind of ecology rigidity revetment structure |
| CN108293660A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-20 | 吉林师范大学 | A kind of inland sabkha ring-band shape phytobiocoenose restoration methods |
-
2019
- 2019-03-29 CN CN201910248566.9A patent/CN110073876B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110073876A (en) | 2019-08-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110073876B (en) | Ecological transformation method for vertical hard bank slope | |
| CN106192938B (en) | A kind of ecological canal system and construction method for farmland water-break pollution prevention | |
| CN101161944B (en) | Construction technique for beach saline land landscape water aquatic plant system | |
| CN100340153C (en) | Roof lawn used as putting green of golf | |
| CN204238229U (en) | Fiber crops coconut palm plants raw greening blanket | |
| CN102296567B (en) | Soft isolation zone method for slope protection at bank zone and surface source pollution control | |
| WO2014161108A1 (en) | Method for carbon sequestration by planting, harvesting and landfilling fast-growing herbaceous plants | |
| CN102160483A (en) | Method for afforesting desert and retaining water | |
| CN103422466B (en) | A kind of black smelly river regulation and restoration methods | |
| CN208266847U (en) | Quickly repair structure in Gullied suitable for Canal in Loess Area | |
| CN201630045U (en) | Saline-alkali soil landscaping water-soil improvement facility | |
| CN102060384B (en) | Underwater lawn capable of removing phosphorous and inhibiting algae and construction method thereof | |
| CN106865777A (en) | A kind of lake view water body early-stage rainwater groundwater pollution control | |
| CN214457158U (en) | Waterfront river greenery patches ground source rainwater clean system | |
| CN207581470U (en) | A kind of strand vertical current constructed wetland | |
| CN101548615A (en) | Porous nest brick 3D green plant technology | |
| CN104358229B (en) | The green ecological channel network system of soil improvement in sea reclamation sand mud substrate | |
| CN111087080B (en) | Efficient phosphorus removal ecological ditch aiming at farmland non-point source pollution and paving method thereof | |
| CN2928836Y (en) | Plant bed type waste water resource treating system | |
| CN110042797A (en) | A kind of ecology remodeling method of ramp type hardening bank slope | |
| CN208618521U (en) | Rain Garden system based on sponge city | |
| CN207739092U (en) | Landscape ecology Pavement Construction | |
| CN110093826A (en) | A kind of tandem road rain water runoff ecological purification system and its construction method | |
| CN212294541U (en) | Ecological bank protection that water utilized | |
| CN212414112U (en) | Water and fertilizer retention composite soil structure for planting of tropical barren soil lawn |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |