CN101971758B - Seed production and seedling cultivation method for stem-free Ficus microcarpa - Google Patents
Seed production and seedling cultivation method for stem-free Ficus microcarpa Download PDFInfo
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- CN101971758B CN101971758B CN2010102762938A CN201010276293A CN101971758B CN 101971758 B CN101971758 B CN 101971758B CN 2010102762938 A CN2010102762938 A CN 2010102762938A CN 201010276293 A CN201010276293 A CN 201010276293A CN 101971758 B CN101971758 B CN 101971758B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seed production and seedling cultivation method for stem-free Ficus microcarpa, belonging to the technical field of a grow seedling cultivation, which comprises the following steps of producing seeds, sowing the seeds and culturing seedlings, transplanting the seedlings in a pot culture or bag cultivation mode and planting the seedlings on ground, wherein the step of producing the seeds is carried out according to the following sequence: (1) selecting a seed tree and figs; (2) preprocessing the figs; (3) producing the seeds; the preprocessed figs are mixed with fine sand according to the volume ratio of 1:1 or with peat soil according to the volume ratio of 1:0.5 to mix for the seed dressing; and the figs are crushed by means of external force, fully stirred uniformly, dried and screened to prepare the seeds. The invention has the advantages that the problem of no germination of the figs in a natural state is solved; the coefficient of the seedling cultivation of the seeds is enhanced by thousands of times than the conventional asexual seedling breeding; the price of the seedling cultivation is low; the problem of scarce seedling of the stem-free Ficus microcarpa is solved; and the method can be popularized and applied in the regions suitable for the growth of banyans in the south of China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the forest seedling growth technical field, be specifically related to the seed production of hybrid seeds and the seedling-cultivating method of Moraceae Moraceae Ficus Ficus stockless Ficus microcarpa Ficus concinna var.subsessilis.
Technical background
The stockless Ficus microcarpa is the evergreen megaphanerophyte of Ficus, mainly is distributed in south, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Guangdong etc. in China and economizes (autonomous region), and the Leqing in Wenzhou is this tree kind in the distribute area of the northern fringe of China's south subtropics, is the important indicator plant as climate characteristic.It provides food all the year round for animals such as insects such as fig wasp, ant, birds, bat, mouse, monkeys, constituted a ring important in the forest ecosystem food chain, and, in the ecosystem, playing the part of crucial role for numerous dendrocoles, epiphyte provide the habitat; It has the tree performance grandness, and dense shade covers ground, unique landscape effect of long-lived evergreen grade, salt tolerant alkali, water-fast wet indigenous tree species than strong adaptability, be urban afforestation, beautify the good important species of building with coast protection forest, therefore, the stockless Ficus microcarpa has been listed in the city tree of Wenzhou City.
The stockless Ficus microcarpa just begins the result in annual 4-5 month shoot process of growth, fruiting period just finished up to November, therefore can bear fruit in the four seasons.The banyan fruit is called hypanthodium on botany, also claim fig, fruit shape sphere, and mean fruit weight 0.25g, every fruit contains kind of the about 89-213 grain of amount, the seed yellow, achene, long avette, tiny, about 1180 μ of size * 702 μ.But owing to really contain the very strong latex of a large amount of viscosity banyan, tiny seed is wrapped up by latex and is difficult to therefrom separate, come off out, can not sprout under nature, can't gather again and can not carry out seeding and seedling raising.Therefore, the existing by literature search seedling-cultivating method that relates to the stockless Ficus microcarpa all belongs to vegetative propagation, as adopt on the big tree lopping to carry out big bar or cuttage breeding etc., but these methods all have, and reproduction coefficient is low, supply falls short of demand for nursery stock, cost an arm and a leg and seedling early growth potential difference, tree type lack disadvantages such as natural form, the most fatal is that this method is to surviving so far, the rare ancient tree of volume cost has further been caused the destruction to resource, and Gu Rongzheng is being successively decreased with 1.5% speed.But along with the needs of urbanization construction and ecotope, to this valuable indigenous tree species---the demand of stockless Ficus microcarpa seedling is growing, causes this seedling to have the serious phenomenon that wanes.
Therefore, urgent hope has a kind of seeding technique that seed separation from the banyan fruit, collection can be got up in the production; And and then form a kind of fast, high-quality, low cost, utilize the method for seed growing stockless Ficus microcarpa seedling.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to, low at the reproduction coefficient that exists in the stockless Ficus microcarpa tradition asexual reproduction method, supply falls short of demand for nursery stock, cost an arm and a leg, and seedling early growth potential difference, tree type lack disadvantages such as natural form, a kind of reproduction coefficient height is provided, and growth is fast, low price, and the seedling early growth gesture is strong, the production of hybrid seeds and the seedling-cultivating method of the stockless Ficus microcarpa of tree type grace.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of production of hybrid seeds of stockless Ficus microcarpa and seedling-cultivating method, the described production of hybrid seeds is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) selection of elite stand, banyan fruit: in wide open country and water wet environment, select tall and big, the healthy and strong elite stand of growth; And choose, gather redness or black, matter is soft, the maturing stage is consistent banyan fruit from elite stand;
(2) banyan fruit preliminary treatment: the banyan of gathering is really packed in the plastic sack, mouth is tightened, store 2-3d at normal temperatures, so that the banyan fruit is fully ripe and softening;
(3) production of hybrid seeds: with pretreated banyan fruit and by volume 1: 1 ratio of fine sand, or mix seed dressing with by volume 1: 0.5 ratio of peat soil, want the limit fully banyan really to be squeezed broken the pulverizing by external force in this process, the limit is fully mixed this crushed material and fine sand or peat soil thoroughly; Dry, rub with the hands broken after, cross the 20-30 mesh sieve obtain husky do, rub with the hands broken after, cross the 20-30 mesh sieve and obtain grains of sand kind or peat soil species, be directly used in sowing or preserve at 2-5 ℃ of lower seal.
Contain stockless Ficus microcarpa seed 2500-3000 grain in its every gram weight of described grains of sand kind; Contain stockless Ficus microcarpa seed 3800-4300 grain in its every gram weight of described peat soil species;
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, producing method for seed of the present invention solved banyan fruit seed under nature in the angiocarp latex wrap up, and the difficult problem that can not therefrom separate, gather, sprout, thus make the seed breeding of stockless Ficus microcarpa become possibility;
2, the seed seedling-raising that provides seed to carry out with producing method for seed of the present invention, reproduction coefficient than conventional asexual grow seedling method has improved tens thousand of times, and its provenance abundance, the reproduction coefficient height, it is cheap to grow seedlings, enlarge the production of stockless Ficus microcarpa seedling rapidly, solved the rare problem of stockless Ficus microcarpa seedling;
3, its growing way of stockless Ficus microcarpa nursery stock of breeding with seed is strong, and the age of tree is long, and tree type natural shape grace can be used for the afforestation and the improvement of the ecological environment in China southern area town and country rapidly, and the coastal shelter-forest system is built, and the greening of low mountain is built.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail by following examples, but be to be understood that the present invention is not limited by these contents.
The production of hybrid seeds and the seedling-cultivating method of embodiment 1:(stockless Ficus microcarpa)
Carry out according to the following steps:
(1) production of hybrid seeds:
1) selection of elite stand, banyan fruit: select growth tall and big, healthy and strong in wide open country and water wet environment, fruit yield is big, the maturing stage unanimity, and the plant that germination rate is high is an elite stand; And choose from elite stand and to gather redness or black, matter is soft, the maturing stage is consistent banyan fruit;
2) banyan fruit preliminary treatment: the banyan of gathering is really packed in the plastic sack, mouth is tightened, store 2-3d at normal temperatures, so that the banyan fruit is fully ripe and softening;
3) production of hybrid seeds: is by volume 1: 1 ratio of fine sand of 0.25-0.50mm with pretreated banyan fruit with particle diameter, or mix seed dressing with by volume 1: 0.5 ratio of northeast peat soil, it is broken to pulverizing to want the limit fully banyan really to be squeezed by external force (as with the hand extruding etc.) in this process, and the limit is fully mixed this fragmentation thing and fine sand or peat soil thoroughly; Dry, rub with the hands broken after, cross the 20-30 mesh sieve and obtain grains of sand kind or peat soil species, wherein, contain stockless Ficus microcarpa seed 2500-3000 grain in its every gram weight of described grains of sand kind; Contain stockless Ficus microcarpa seed 3800-4300 grain in its every gram weight of described peat soil species; This grains of sand kind or peat soil species can be directly used in sowing or preserve at 2-5 ℃ of lower seal, and be standby;
(2) seedbed, matrix are prepared and seeding and seedling raising: the seedbed is located in booth or the greenhouse, around the bed with brick one-tenth 10cm height, on the bed heelpiece behind the plastic film, pour matrix into---northeast peat soil or thick to 5-10cm by the be mixed thin loess that forms of 70% yellow mud and 30% fine sand, watering with watering can makes the matrix state that reaches capacity; Treat after water oozes down the grains of sand seed of step (1) preparation to be pressed 12-16.6g/M
2Or peat soil species 8-11.6g/M
2Broadcast sowing in stromal surface, pat surface, seedbed (after planting not blinding) with plank again, seed and matrix are combined closely; Cover the seedbed with plastic film after taking the arch form support, until emerging; Open cover film after emerging, the composite fertilizer (N: P: K=16: 16: 16) (production of Jiangsu Su Nong group) that seedling sprays 0.4-0.5% weekly in the seedbed phase once grows to and transplants seedlings when 5-7 opens true leaf up to broadcasting back 35-60d, banyan seedling;
(3) potted plant or bag is planted and is transplanted seedlings: with the banyan seedling that 5-7 opens true leaf, be transplanted to 5 * 5cm
2Polypots or 4.5 * 10cm
2The non-woven fabric net bag in; The matrix that the non-woven fabric net bag adopts is the light ground mass that peat soil (46%), perlite (27%) and sawdust (27%) are formed, the matrix that polypots adopts for by yellow mud (70%) and carefully river sand (30%) be mixed and form or with the light ground mass of nonwoven mesh bag employing; Seedling is regulated intensity of illumination in alms bowl or in the container, avoids the high light direct projection, builds the cool canopy of 50%～60% light transmittance; To note controlling temperature in fine day and be lower than 35 ℃, and keep soil humidity to reach 100%, execute 0.5%～0.7% concentration composite fertilizer (N: P: K=16: 16: 16) (production of Jiangsu Su Nong group) once in per 7 days; General banyan seedling plant can grow the 40-60cm height within the year;
(4) plant into seedling: select to have a good transport service, the row irrigation condition is good, the plot of fertile soil; Plant after the plastics pot seedling of step (3) taken off alms bowl, or the netted container seedling of nonwoven can connect bag and directly plants in the ground with carrying out; Plant the phase with the Spring Equinox to the spring bright between for well, density 60 * 60cm
2Grow after planting rapidly, groundwork is fertilising, prevention and elimination of disease and pests the banyan seedling, and ground plants seedling growth 2-3, can go out garden, field planting after leading thread (trunk diameter that refers to the flush with ground place) reaches 3-5cm.
Claims (2)
1. the production of hybrid seeds of a stockless Ficus microcarpa and seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that the described production of hybrid seeds carries out according to the following steps:
(1) selection of elite stand, banyan fruit: in wide open country and water wet environment, select tall and big, the healthy and strong elite stand of growth; And choose from elite stand and to gather redness or black, matter is soft, the maturing stage is consistent banyan fruit;
(2) banyan fruit preliminary treatment: the banyan of gathering is really packed in the plastic sack, mouth is tightened, store 2-3d at normal temperatures, so that the banyan fruit is fully ripe and softening;
(3) production of hybrid seeds: with pretreated banyan fruit and by volume 1: 1 ratio of fine sand, or mix seed dressing with by volume 1: 0.5 ratio of peat soil, want the limit fully banyan really to be squeezed broken the pulverizing by external force in this process, the limit is fully mixed this crushed material and fine sand or peat soil thoroughly; Dry, rub with the hands broken after, cross the 20-30 mesh sieve and obtain grains of sand kind or peat soil species, be directly used in sowing or preserve at 2-5 ℃ of lower seal.
2. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that containing in its every gram weight of the described grains of sand kind stockless Ficus microcarpa seed 2500-3000 grain; Contain stockless Ficus microcarpa seed 3800-4300 grain in its every gram weight of described peat soil species.
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| CN2010102762938A CN101971758B (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2010-09-08 | Seed production and seedling cultivation method for stem-free Ficus microcarpa |
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| CN2010102762938A CN101971758B (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2010-09-08 | Seed production and seedling cultivation method for stem-free Ficus microcarpa |
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| CN101971758B true CN101971758B (en) | 2011-11-23 |
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| CN104705008A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-17 | 重庆市南川区南双科技有限公司 | Seedling growing method of ficus microcarpa |
| CN105494010A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-20 | 青岛百瑞吉生物工程有限公司 | Cutting reproduction cultivating method of Chinese banyan |
| CN105494009A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-20 | 青岛百瑞吉生物工程有限公司 | Seeding reproduction cultivating method of Chinese banyan |
| CN109699384A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | A kind of blunt leaf banyan production of hybrid seeds and fast seedling-cultivating method |
| CN109845631B (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2021-01-29 | 浙江省亚热带作物研究所 | Cultivation method for improving salt tolerance of stemless ficus microcarpa after plug seedling |
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| CN1181723C (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-12-29 | 黑龙江省沙河农场 | Sexual propagation method for wilsonii |
| CN1258964C (en) * | 2004-11-01 | 2006-06-14 | 成都中康光大药业有限公司 | Wild Paris chinensis Franch artificial domestication grow seedling and cultivation method |
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