CN102884930A - Seedling growing and transplanting method of corn, and mechanical transplanting machine matched with method - Google Patents
Seedling growing and transplanting method of corn, and mechanical transplanting machine matched with method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102884930A CN102884930A CN2012104152273A CN201210415227A CN102884930A CN 102884930 A CN102884930 A CN 102884930A CN 2012104152273 A CN2012104152273 A CN 2012104152273A CN 201210415227 A CN201210415227 A CN 201210415227A CN 102884930 A CN102884930 A CN 102884930A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling growing and transplanting method of corn, and a mechanical transplanting machine matched with the method. The seedling growing and transplanting method of corn is suitable for seedling growing and transplanting of corn in the northern area and breaks through the bottleneck of a traditional manual method through which seedlings are separated one by one. The mechanical transplanting machine matched with the method can complete separation of a whole tray of seedlings from soil monomer at one time, and can complete a plurality of agricultural procedures, such as delivery of the seedlings, separation, launching, furrowing, earth covering and pressing at one time. The method is characterized in that seedlings are cultivated in a greenhouse; and then the seedlings are transplanted to the ground by the mechanical transplanting machine matched with the method; the transplanting machine comprises a land wheel, a conveyor belt, a small bevel wheel, a poking wheel, a large bevel wheel, double-edge sawteeth, a ploughshare, an earth covering and pressing wheel, a seedling receiver and a seedling containing cylinder, and a seedling growing tray comprises a tray support and a pot tray. In comparison with the traditional transplanting machine, the mechanical transplanting machine matched with the method is greatly increased in work efficiency, and the efficiency of a double-row machine of the transplanting machine is 10-15 times of the efficiency of manual transplanting, so that the large-area promotion of seedling growing and transplanting of corn becomes possible. According to the method and the machine, the traditional direct sowing mode of corn is changed and the production is generally increased by at least 20% compared with the production of direct sowing; in addition, the method and the machine are also suitable for the seedling growing and transplanting works of hot peppers, sorghum and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of corn seedling raising and transplanting method and supporting machinery transplanter thereof, the method that particularly relates to a kind of suitable Corn Roots From Northern China seedling raising and transplanting with break through the one by one bottleneck that separates of seedling strain of traditional craft; Can manually once finish whole dish seedling strain soil monomer separation, a kind of supporting machinery transplanter of the multiple tracks agronomy flow charts such as rice shoot conveying, separation, input, ditch dug with a plow, suppression of soil is once finished in mechanization.
Background technology
Corn is one of crop of China and world's cultivated area maximum, mostly is 1 year last month of spring in northern China and broadcasts Maize Region; At present, the essentialspecies method for planting of corn is sowing in the field, develops in recent years simple grain machine sowing by artificial many sowings.I the area 135 days frost-free seasons about, about 3000 ℃ of effective accumulated temperature; The corn variety of selecting mostly is medium variety morning of 124～128 days breeding times, and hectare output is lower, is generally 7500～10000kg.Be subjected to the restriction of frost-free season, my area is difficult to select the middle-late ripening variety of breeding time more than 130 days.In order to replenish accumulated temperature and prolong growth period, adopted in recent years film-mulching technique, but the plastic mulching cost is high, and serious white pollution problems is arranged again, to environmental protection, ecological unfavorable, can not spread.
Corn seedling raising and transplanting can significantly increase production than sowing in the field, but does not have ripe corn seedling raising and transplanting method and supporting transplanting machine in this area; Existing transplanting machine complex structure, cost is high, and needs to grasp one by one rice shoot by hand, carries out seedling strain soil monomer separation; Its transplant operation loaded down with trivial details, take a lot of work, labour intensity is large, operating efficiency is low, labor cost is high; Transplant operation not only when spring, farm work was striven, and transplant and use duration, be difficult to guarantee best transplanting time, delay farming season; So corn seedling raising and transplanting is difficult to spread.Therefore, the bottleneck of the loaded down with trivial details operation of seedling strain soil monomer separation is not broken through, and the efficient of corn seedling raising and transplanting work just can not improve, so that the increases in grain production of corn seedling raising and transplanting technology and economic benefit are difficult to manifest; And make the corn yield increasing technology be difficult to be approved by vast farmers, its spread is a problem.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a kind of corn seedling raising and transplanting method and supporting machinery transplanter thereof; Its corn seedling raising and transplanting method is fit to this area corn seedling raising and transplanting, and has obtained the effect of increasing production more than 20%; Its supporting machinery transplanter has been broken through the one by one loaded down with trivial details bottleneck of seedling strain separation of traditional craft, can manually once finish whole dish seedling strain soil monomer separation, the multiple tracks agronomy flow charts such as rice shoot conveying, separation, input, ditch dug with a plow, suppression of soil are once finished in mechanization; It is simple in structure, and low cost of manufacture improves greatly than traditional transplanter operating efficiency; And the increases in grain production of corn seedling raising and transplanting technology and economic benefit are manifested, thus this corn seedling raising and transplanting method can be approved by vast farmers, make its spread become possibility.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Corn seedling raising and transplanting method of the present invention is:
I, seeding and seedling raising: before this area sowing in the field phase 30～35 days, the seedling medium that river silt is native and the peat composed of rotten mosses mixes of packing in the hole, cave of hole, many caves seedling-cultivating tray is native, adds the fertilizer that contains purity nitrogen 3kg, pure phosphorus 2kg, pure potassium 1.5kg in every cubic metre of seedling medium soil; Corn seed sowing in every cave in the seedling medium soil in the hole, cave, sowing depth 10mm; Hole, many caves seedling-cultivating tray is after planting put into the little shed of semi-underground type or booth, water and cover layer of plastic film at hole, many caves seedling-cultivating tray after permeable, with heat and moisture preserving; Temperature of shed is controlled at 25 ℃～28 ℃, and relative moisture 70～80% can be emerged in 4～7 days, can throw off the plastic film that covers on the seedling-cultivating tray of hole, many caves after seedling all sprouts; Daytime the visual temperature of shed situation experienced seedling that leaks informaton, behind a leaf one core, can throw off the canopy film daytime, covers canopy film heat-preserving anti-freezing night; Behind two leaves, one core, when night, temperature was more than 5 ℃, the canopy film did not need to cover again, and maize seedling is grown under natural temperature;
The water of ii, nursery stage, fertile management: nursery stage must running check seedling medium soil water content, find that arid wants timely moisturizing, watered one time water in general 2～3 days; Nursery stage needs fertilizer seldom, generally need not topdress, and can carry out in conjunction with watering spray leaf fertilizer when fertilizer is taken off in performance, and foliage fertilizer concentration can not surpass 0.3%;
Iii, transplanting: when maize seedling three leaves one core to four leaf one core, all can transplant, but mainly see the dish knot degree of shoot root system, solid at shoot root system dish knot, be as the criterion when making the seedling strain soil monomer that takes off behind the hole, cave loose, in the hole, cave of hole, many caves seedling-cultivating tray, water before transplanting one time permeable;
Management after iv, the transplanting: will in time feed water after the transplanting, after 2～3 days that transplant, shoot root gos deep in the soil of land for growing field crops naturally.
The supporting machinery transplanter of corn seedling raising and transplanting method of the present invention is characterized in that:
Between right frame, left frame land axle is arranged, land axle has land wheel, and the conveyer belt driving wheel on the land axle has the conveyer belt chain to connect the conveyer belt sprocket wheel; Conveying on the conveyer belt sprocket wheel is with the conveyer belt front-wheel, and there is desktop the rear end on plane on the conveyer belt, and the front end of desktop has flat board; To the conveyer belt outside, straight baffle plate is arranged above in the middle of the dull and stereotyped outside, above the conveyer belt inboard He above the dull and stereotyped inboard curved baffle is arranged, do not tilt with the protection rice shoot, the arc head end of curved baffle leans out on throw seedling point, throws rice shoot non-lodging outside the circle tangent line to protect two sawtooth; The small bevel gear support upper end that is fixed on right frame, the left frame has small bevel gear wheel shaft, small bevel gear wheel shaft the small bevel gear sprocket wheel to be arranged by the small bevel gear driving wheel on the small bevel gear chain connection land axle; The small bevel gear wheel shaft has the large bevel gear on the meshing thumb wheel axle center below it of cone pinion, and excircle has two sawtooth under the thumb wheel; The intersection point below of two sawtooth circle tangent lines and thumb wheel diameter extensions is provided with ploughshare; Be fixed with the suppression arm below the afer bay, suppression has the suppression of soil wheel shaft below the arm, and the suppression of soil wheel shaft has the suppression of soil wheel; On afer bay, be fixed with seat frame, be fixed with seat above the seat frame; Right frame, left frame front end have the traction ear, right frame, above the left frame front end hitch frame are arranged, and the lifting ear is arranged above the hitch frame.The present invention can make duplicate rows or multirow transplanter, to adapt to different needs.
The supporting machinery transplanter of corn seedling raising and transplanting method of the present invention in order to deliver better more accurately rice shoot, is provided with below also between right frame, left frame and receives seedling device and the seedling cylinder that falls below it; The seedling cylinder that falls is fixed on above the ploughshare, and trailing flank has half round cut under the seedling cylinder that falls; Receive the seedling device and comprise the cone that is connected to above the seedling cylinder, half arc gear is arranged above the cone, half arc keeps off a side and is connected with the arc head end of curved baffle; In a single day half arc gear is provided with the between cog hook, to remove the overstocked earth and the seedling strain soil body that is stuck on two sawtooth between two sawtooth.
The supporting machinery transplanter of corn seedling raising and transplanting method of the present invention also is provided with supporting seedling-cultivating tray, and it comprises pan arrest and the dish of cave within it; Opening of pan arrest, the cave dish exceeds four limits of pan arrest; The cave dish has hole, a plurality of cave, and the through hole corresponding with the hole, cave arranged on the base plate of pan arrest.
The supporting machinery transplanter of corn seedling raising and transplanting method of the present invention, the hole, cave of its supporting seedling-cultivating tray is cylinder shape.
The supporting machinery transplanter of corn seedling raising and transplanting method of the present invention, the lower footpath in the hole, cylinder shape cave of supporting seedling-cultivating tray is larger than upper footpath.
The supporting machinery transplanter of corn seedling raising and transplanting method of the present invention, there is the extension limit on the upper edge of the pan arrest of supporting seedling-cultivating tray and cave dish.
This corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter, in use, can in its supporting seedling-cultivating tray, grow seedlings, the shoot transplanting equipment that cultivates is to greatly the time, can check and regulate on the desktop that is put into the machine growing seedlings, when taking out pan arrest, slowly in conveyer belt, push the cave dish, when treating that the cave dish all enters in the conveyer belt, upwards extract the cave dish; At this moment, the whole dish seedling strain soil body is monomer separation, and be transferred band and slowly give thumb wheel, under the thumb wheel two sawtooth of excircle one by one synchronously land wheel throw the seedling strain soil body, the seedling strain soil body is by receiving the reception of seedling device and falling by the seedling cylinder that falls, under the seedling cylinder that falls, fall into the half round cut of trailing flank again in the ditch that ploughshare plows, again by wheel suppression of soil, suppression of soil.
The beneficial effect of corn seedling raising and transplanting method of the present invention is:
One, volume increase: corn is transplanted general comparable live volume increase more than 20%, and Yield Increase Way mainly contains following 7 points; The one, survival rate of seedlings volume increase: it has been the highest that live corn can reach 95% survival rate of seedlings, and the Transplanting Maize survival rate of seedlings can reach 100%, and this can be increased production 5%.The 2nd, volume increase breeding time: seedling raising and transplanting can make corn growth stage increase about one month, can guarantee the crop and fruit full maturity, and this can be increased production 2～4%.The 3rd, the seedling technology of being completely cured is increased production: germination and Seedling Stage breakdown it go out to take root, and can stimulate secondary root to sprout in a large number, sets up the powerful root system of its plant, improves the rich water absorbing capacity, is the important mechanism of volume increase; Maize seedling must damage Primary Root System in the process of transplanting, this can be increased production about 30%.The 4th, combat a natural disaster to increase production: under the controlled condition of nursery stage in people's builder's temporary shed film, can avoid the natural calamities such as water, drought, wind, worm, therefore in the year of disaster, increase production very outstanding.The 5th, corn is transplanted the mutagenesis volume increase: transplanting can be brought out the plant internal physiological and change, and it shows as, and plant height reduces, stipes shortens, the thick leaf of stalk is fertile, has improved fertilizer conservation, water conservation, ability resistant to lodging and photosynthetic.The 6th, kind upgrading volume increase: transplant than the breeding time of live increase about one month, the precocious district just can be planted late variety like this, early, late variety output gap is generally about 30%.The 7th, the volume increase of raising the multiple-cropping index: growing seedlings to make the crop growth phase increase about 30 days, take the middle cooked maize districts of 135～140 days frost-free seasons as example, two batches of extremely early mature corns or the corn that just can plant about 90 days breeding times add other early-maturing crop of multiple cropping, the ripe district that so just can make 1 year, become the district of yielding two crops a year, increasing both production and income about 50%.
Two, water saving: fresh water is the most valuable resource of the earth, and agricultural irrigation is the maximum user of fresh water, and the river, the lake water that have are blotted by agricultural water; Excessive groundwater abstraction also makes subterranean water level descend, even makes surface subsidence and depletion of groundwater; Water resources crisis is day by day serious, and water-saving agriculture is extremely urgent; Corn seedling raising and transplanting economizes on water about 30% than live, is the important channel of agricultural water conservation.
Three, environmental protection: seedling raising and transplanting can reduce weed killer herbicide and utilization of pesticides amount, and the expense of namely having saved has been protected again environment, has reduced the chemical contamination in soil, and the effect of improvement soil is arranged again.With respect to the white pollution of film-mulching technique, to environmental protection and ecological favourable.
Four, be conducive to agricultural mechanization, batch production, modernization: along with the continuous increase of urban population, rural laborer's shortage has impelled agricultural must walk mechanization, batch production, modern road; Corn seedling raising and transplanting is agricultural mechanization, batch production, modern basis, and the stage of growing seedlings is exactly the plantation batch production in early stage.
Five, the corn seedling raising and transplanting technology is a revolution to traditional cultivation method: the corn seedling raising and transplanting technology can make corn yield increasing more than 20%, calculates with China's 500,000,000 mu of corns of annual plantation, equals multiple 100,000,000 mu of ground; By 400 kilograms of calculating of average yield per mu, can increase production 40,000,000,000 kilograms of corns, can support population 100,000,000 more.The corn seedling raising and transplanting technology can make corn-growing regions move northward 1～2 latitude, can increase considerably the cultivated area of high yielding variety; The corn seedling raising and transplanting technology can make increase about one month a breeding time of making corn, can make so a traditional work district realize 1 year two work, and two traditional work district realizations three to four are done, and traditional triple-cropping district realizes four to five works; Plant per year 500000000 mu of corns, on average increase by one and do to equal newly-increased the arable land 500,000,000 mu, can increase production 2,000 hundred million kilograms of corns, make 4,000 hundred million yuan of increasing peasant income, can support population 500,000,000 more.In a word, the corn seedling raising and transplanting technology is a revolution to traditional cultivation method, and it will change the general layout of Maize Production and even whole agricultural production, and directly and indirectly economic benefit and the social benefit of its generation are immeasurable.
The beneficial effect of corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter of the present invention is: can manually once finish whole dish seedling strain soil monomer separation, the multiple tracks agronomy flow charts such as rice shoot conveying, separation, input, ditch dug with a plow, earthing, suppression are once finished in mechanization; It is simple in structure, and low cost of manufacture improves greatly than traditional transplanter operating efficiency; And no longer need the one by one seedling strain loaded down with trivial details operation of separating of traditional craft; Namely improve operating efficiency, reduced agricultural cost, reduced again labour intensity; Its duplicate rows type of the present invention can be by the 13.24kw tractor-drawn; Driver one people, operator 1～2 people, its operating efficiency is artificial 10～15 times of transplanting.Because the present invention and supporting seedling-cultivating tray thereof have been broken through the one by one loaded down with trivial details bottleneck of seedling strain separation of traditional craft, and the operating efficiency of corn seedling raising and transplanting is improved greatly; So that the increases in grain production of corn seedling raising and transplanting technology and economic benefit are manifested; Thereby this corn seedling raising and transplanting method can be approved by vast farmers, just can make corn seedling raising and transplanting technology spread become possibility.The present invention is fit to the seedling raising and transplanting work such as corn, capsicum, Chinese sorghum.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the front view of duplicate rows corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of duplicate rows corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter.
Fig. 3 receives the fall structure chart of seedling cylinder of Miao Qiyu.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of supporting seedling-cultivating tray.
Fig. 5 is the cave dish structure chart of supporting seedling-cultivating tray.
Fig. 6 is the pan arrest structure chart of supporting seedling-cultivating tray.
Among the figure: 1. pan arrest, 2. extension limit, 3. cave dish, 4. hole, cave, 5. through hole, 6. base plate, 7. land wheel, 8. small bevel gear driving wheel, 9. land axle, 10. ploughshare, the 11. seedling cylinders that fall, the right frame of 12-1., 12-2. left frame, 12-3. afer bay, 13. traction ears, 14. hitch frames, 15. the lifting ear, 16. pairs of sawtooth, 17. receive seedling device, 18. thumb wheels, 19. the small bevel gear wheel shaft, 20. small bevel gear sprocket wheels, 21. straight baffle plates, 22. conveyer belt front-wheels, 23. conveyer belt, 24. conveyer belt sprocket wheels, 25. desktops, 26. conveyer belt chains, 27. the small bevel gear chain, 28. seats, 29. seat frames, 30. suppression arms, 31. the suppression of soil wheel, 32. suppression of soil wheel shafts, 33. conveyer belt driving wheels, 34. the small bevel gear support, 35. curved baffles, 36. large bevel gears, 37. cone pinion, 38. flat boards, 39. between cog hooks, 40. cone, 41. half arcs gear, 42. half round cut.
Embodiment
The embodiment of corn seedling raising and transplanting method of the present invention is:
I, seeding and seedling raising: before this area sowing in the field phase 30～35 days, at cave bore dia 30mm, pack in the hole, cave of hole, the many caves seedling-cultivating tray of the high 35mm seedling medium soil of 7 parts in river silt soil, 3 parts of mixing of the peat composed of rotten mosses adds the fertilizer of urea 4.5kg, diammonium phosphate 2.5kg, potassium sulphate 3kg in every cubic metre of seedling medium soil; Corn seed sowing in every cave in the seedling medium soil in the hole, cave, sowing depth 10mm; Hole, many caves seedling-cultivating tray is after planting put into the little shed of semi-underground type or booth, water and cover layer of plastic film at hole, many caves seedling-cultivating tray after permeable, with heat and moisture preserving; Temperature of shed is controlled at 25 ℃～28 ℃, and relative moisture 70～80% can be emerged in 4～7 days, can throw off the plastic film that covers on the seedling-cultivating tray of hole, many caves after seedling all sprouts, daytime the visual temperature of shed situation experienced seedling that leaks informaton, behind a leaf one core, can throw off the canopy film daytime, covers canopy film heat-preserving anti-freezing night; Behind two leaves, one core, when night, temperature was more than 5 ℃, the canopy film did not need to cover again, and maize seedling is grown under natural temperature;
The water of ii, nursery stage, fertile management: nursery stage must running check seedling medium soil water content, find that arid wants timely moisturizing, watered one time water in general 2～3 days; Nursery stage needs fertilizer seldom, generally need not topdress, and can carry out in conjunction with watering spray leaf fertilizer when fertilizer is taken off in performance, and foliage fertilizer is with 1 part in urea, 1 part of mixing of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in 0.3% ratio aqueous solution foliage-spray;
Iii, transplanting: when maize seedling three leaves one core to four leaf one core, all can transplant, but mainly see the dish knot degree of shoot root system, solid at shoot root system dish knot, be as the criterion when making the seedling strain soil monomer that takes off behind the hole, cave loose, in the hole, cave of hole, many caves seedling-cultivating tray, water before transplanting one time permeable;
Management after iv, the transplanting: will in time feed water after the transplanting, after 2～3 days that transplant, shoot root gos deep in the soil of land for growing field crops naturally.
The embodiment of corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter of the present invention is:
Among Figure of description 1, Fig. 2, this corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter, it is characterized in that: between right frame (12-1), left frame (12-2), land axle (9) is arranged, land axle (9) has land wheel (7), and the conveyer belt driving wheel (33) on the land axle (9) has conveyer belt chain (26) to connect conveyer belt sprocket wheel (24); Conveyer belt (23) on the conveyer belt sprocket wheel (24) has conveyer belt front-wheel (22), and there is desktop (25) rear end on the upper plane of conveyer belt (23), and the front end of desktop (25) has flat board (38); To conveyer belt (23) outside, straight baffle plate (21) is arranged above in the middle of dull and stereotyped (38) outside, above conveyer belt (23) is inboard and flat board (38) curved baffle (35) is arranged above the inboard, do not tilt with the protection rice shoot, the arc head end of curved baffle (35) leans out on throw seedling point, throws rice shoot non-lodging outside the circle tangent line to protect two sawtooth (16); Small bevel gear support (34) upper end that is fixed on right frame (12-1), the left frame (12-2) has small bevel gear wheel shaft (19), small bevel gear wheel shaft (19) small bevel gear sprocket wheel (20) to be arranged by the small bevel gear driving wheel (8) on small bevel gear chain (27) the connection land axle (9); Small bevel gear wheel shaft (19) has the large bevel gear (36) on meshing thumb wheel (18) axle center below it of cone pinion (37), and the lower excircle of thumb wheel (18) has two sawtooth (16); The intersection point below of two sawtooth (16) circle tangent line and thumb wheel (18) diameter extensions is provided with ploughshare (10); Be fixed with suppression arm (30) below the afer bay (12-3), suppression of soil wheel shaft (32) arranged below suppression arm (30), suppression of soil wheel shaft (32) has suppression of soil wheel (31); On afer bay (12-3), be fixed with seat frame (29), be fixed with seat (28) above the seat frame (29); Right frame (12-1), left frame (12-2) front end have traction ear (13), and right frame (12-1), left frame (12-2) have hitch frame (14) above the front end, lifting ear (15) is arranged above the hitch frame (14).
Figure of description 3 is that the embodiment of the invention is received the fall structure chart of seedling cylinder of Miao Qiyu, among the figure, this corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter, in order to deliver better more accurately rice shoot, be provided with below also between right frame (12-1), left frame (12-2) and receive seedling device (17) and the seedling cylinder (11) that falls below it; The seedling cylinder (11) that falls is fixed on above the ploughshare (10), and falling, trailing flank has half round cut (42) under the seedling cylinder (11); Receive seedling device (17) and comprise the cone (40) that is connected to above the seedling cylinder (11), half arc gear (41) is arranged above the cone (40), half arc gear (41) one sides are connected with the arc head end of curved baffle (35); In a single day half arc gear (41) is provided with between cog hook (39), to remove the overstocked earth and the seedling strain soil body that is stuck on two sawtooth (16) between two sawtooth (16).
In the Figure of description 4,5,6, this corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter also is provided with supporting seedling-cultivating tray, and it comprises pan arrest (1) and the dish of cave within it (3); (1) opening of pan arrest, cave dish (3) exceeds four limits of pan arrest (1); Cave dish (3) has hole, a plurality of cave (4), and the through hole (5) corresponding with hole, cave (4) arranged on the base plate (6) of pan arrest (1).
In the Figure of description 4,5, this corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter, the hole, cave (4) of its supporting seedling-cultivating tray is cylinder shape.
In the Figure of description 4,5, this corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter, the lower footpath in the hole, cylinder shape cave (4) of supporting seedling-cultivating tray is larger than upper footpath, its lower diameter 30mm, high 35mm.
In the Figure of description 4,5,6, this corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter, there is extension limit (2) on the upper edge of the pan arrest of supporting seedling-cultivating tray (1) and cave dish (3).
This corn seedling raising and transplanting method supporting machinery transplanter, in use, can in its supporting seedling-cultivating tray, grow seedlings, the shoot transplanting equipment that cultivates is to greatly the time, can check and regulate growing seedlings on the desktop (25) that is put into the machine, when taking out pan arrest (1), slowly push cave dish (3) in the conveyer belt (23), treat that cave dish (3) all enters conveyer belt (23) when interior, upwards extracts the cave and coils (3); At this moment, the whole dish seedling strain soil body is monomer separation, and be transferred band (23) and slowly give thumb wheel (18), two sawtooth (16) of the lower excircle of thumb wheel (18) one by one synchronous land wheel (7) throw the seedling strain soil body, the seedling strain soil body is by receiving seedling device (17) reception and falling by the seedling cylinder (11) that falls, from the half round cut (42) of the trailing flank under the seedling cylinder (11) of falling, fall into again in the ditch that ploughshare (10) plows, again by wheel (31) suppression of soil, suppression of soil.
Claims (10)
1. corn seedling raising and transplanting method is characterized in that:
I, seeding and seedling raising: before this area sowing in the field phase 30～35 days, the seedling medium that river silt is native and the peat composed of rotten mosses mixes of packing in the hole, cave of hole, many caves seedling-cultivating tray is native, adds the fertilizer that contains purity nitrogen 3kg, pure phosphorus 2kg, pure potassium 1.5kg in every cubic metre of seedling medium soil; Corn seed sowing in every cave in the seedling medium soil in the hole, cave, sowing depth 10mm; Hole, many caves seedling-cultivating tray is after planting put into the little shed of semi-underground type or booth, water and cover layer of plastic film at hole, many caves seedling-cultivating tray after permeable; Temperature of shed is controlled at 25 ℃～28 ℃, and relative moisture 70～80% can be thrown off the plastic film that covers on the seedling-cultivating tray of hole, many caves after seedling all sprouts; Daytime the visual temperature of shed situation experienced seedling that leaks informaton, behind a leaf one core, can throw off the canopy film daytime, covers the canopy film night; Behind two leaves, one core, when night, temperature was more than 5 ℃, the canopy film did not need to cover again, and maize seedling is grown under natural temperature;
The water of ii, nursery stage, fertile management: nursery stage must running check seedling medium soil water content, find that arid wants timely moisturizing, watered one time water in general 2～3 days; Nursery stage needs fertilizer seldom, generally need not topdress, and can carry out in conjunction with watering spray leaf fertilizer when fertilizer is taken off in performance, and foliage fertilizer concentration can not surpass 0.3%;
Iii, transplanting: when maize seedling three leaves one core to four leaf one core, all can transplant, but mainly see the dish knot degree of shoot root system, solid at shoot root system dish knot, be as the criterion when making the seedling strain soil monomer that takes off behind the hole, cave loose, in the hole, cave of hole, many caves seedling-cultivating tray, water before transplanting one time permeable;
Management after iv, the transplanting: will in time feed water after the transplanting.
2. corn seedling raising and transplanting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cave bore dia of hole, described many caves seedling-cultivating tray is 30mm, high 35mm.
3. corn seedling raising and transplanting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the seedling medium soil of pack in the hole, cave of hole, described many caves seedling-cultivating tray 7 parts in river silt soil, 3 parts of mixing of the peat composed of rotten mosses, the fertilizer of adding urea 4.5kg, diammonium phosphate 2.5kg, potassium sulphate 3kg in every cubic metre of seedling medium soil.
4. corn seedling raising and transplanting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described foliage fertilizer is with 1 part in urea, 1 part of mixing of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in 0.3% ratio aqueous solution foliage-spray.
5. the supporting machinery transplanter of a corn seedling raising and transplanting method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: between right frame (12-1), left frame (12-2), land axle (9) is arranged, land axle (9) has land wheel (7), and the conveyer belt driving wheel (33) on the land axle (9) has conveyer belt chain (26) to connect conveyer belt sprocket wheel (24); Conveyer belt (23) on the conveyer belt sprocket wheel (24) has conveyer belt front-wheel (22), and there is desktop (25) rear end on the upper plane of conveyer belt (23), and the front end of desktop (25) has flat board (38); To conveyer belt (23) outside, straight baffle plate (21) is arranged above in the middle of dull and stereotyped (38) outside, above conveyer belt (23) is inboard and dull and stereotyped (38) curved baffle (35) is arranged above the inboard, the arc head end of curved baffle (35) leans out on throwing seedling point; Small bevel gear support (34) upper end that is fixed on right frame (12-1), the left frame (12-2) has small bevel gear wheel shaft (19), small bevel gear wheel shaft (19) small bevel gear sprocket wheel (20) to be arranged by the small bevel gear driving wheel (8) on small bevel gear chain (27) the connection land axle (9); Small bevel gear wheel shaft (19) has the large bevel gear (36) on meshing thumb wheel (18) axle center below it of cone pinion (37), and the lower excircle of thumb wheel (18) has two sawtooth (16); The intersection point below of two sawtooth (16) circle tangent line and thumb wheel (18) diameter extensions is provided with ploughshare (10); Be fixed with suppression arm (30) below the afer bay (12-3), suppression of soil wheel shaft (32) arranged below suppression arm (30), suppression of soil wheel shaft (32) has suppression of soil wheel (31); On afer bay (12-3), be fixed with seat frame (29), be fixed with seat (28) above the seat frame (29); Right frame (12-1), left frame (12-2) front end have traction ear (13), and right frame (12-1), left frame (12-2) have hitch frame (14) above the front end, lifting ear (15) is arranged above the hitch frame (14).
6. corn seedling raising and transplanting supporting machinery transplanter according to claim 5 is characterized in that: be provided with below between right frame (12-1), left frame (12-2) and receive seedling device (17) and the seedling cylinder (11) that falls below it; The seedling cylinder (11) that falls is fixed on above the ploughshare (10), and falling, trailing flank has half round cut (42) under the seedling cylinder (11); Receive seedling device (17) and comprise the cone (40) that is connected to above the seedling cylinder (11), half arc gear (41) is arranged above the cone (40), half arc gear (41) one sides are connected with the arc head end of curved baffle (35); Half arc gear (41) is provided with between cog hook (39).
7. corn seedling raising and transplanting supporting machinery transplanter according to claim 5 is characterized in that: be provided with supporting seedling-cultivating tray, it comprises pan arrest (1) and the dish of cave within it (3); (1) opening of pan arrest, cave dish (3) exceeds four limits of pan arrest (1); Cave dish (3) has hole, a plurality of cave (4), and the through hole (5) corresponding with hole, cave (4) arranged on the base plate (6) of pan arrest (1).
8. corn seedling raising and transplanting supporting machinery transplanter according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the hole, cave (4) of its supporting seedling-cultivating tray is cylinder shape.
9. corn seedling raising and transplanting supporting machinery transplanter according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: the lower footpath in the hole, cylinder shape cave (4) of supporting seedling-cultivating tray is larger than upper footpath, its lower diameter 30mm, high 35mm.
10. corn seedling raising and transplanting supporting machinery transplanter according to claim 7 is characterized in that: there is extension limit (2) on the upper edge of the pan arrest of supporting seedling-cultivating tray (1) and cave dish (3).
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| CN201210415227.3A CN102884930B (en) | 2012-10-08 | 2012-10-08 | Corn seedling raising and transplanting method and its supporting machinery transplanter |
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| CN201210415227.3A CN102884930B (en) | 2012-10-08 | 2012-10-08 | Corn seedling raising and transplanting method and its supporting machinery transplanter |
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| CN103782753A (en) * | 2013-10-19 | 2014-05-14 | 林平 | Sorghum 0-leaf-stage transplanting method |
| CN104620743A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-20 | 甘肃农业大学 | Chinese herbal medicine seedling planting machine |
| CN104705007A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-17 | 林天国 | Corn seedling transporting method using transplanting knife restructured by round head kitchen knife |
| CN105532106A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Saline-alkali land improving device |
| CN106856754A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-20 | 石河子大学 | A kind of automatic seedling separation device of hole tray vertical type |
| CN111264150A (en) * | 2020-04-06 | 2020-06-12 | 蒋彩霞 | Transplanting device for transplanting rice seedlings in agriculture |
| CN114208458A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-03-22 | 武汉轻工大学 | Automatic change equipment of planting seedlings |
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