CN102326489B - Cold resistance method of Masui Dauphine fig tree - Google Patents
Cold resistance method of Masui Dauphine fig tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cold resistance method of a Masui Dauphine fig tree. In the method, a cold resistance plant is grafted on a Masui Dauphine plant by using a grafting method. The method specifically comprises the steps: a branch of a cold-resistant fig 1-1.5 centimeters thick is selected as a scion in spring; the scion is grafted on the trunk of the Masui Dauphine plant; the stem grafting is carried out, and after 15-20 days callus is generated at a grafting port; the sprout of the scion is germinated 30-40 days later; a new branch is generated in the same year, which means that the grafting is successful; the growth increment of the grafted branch can be controlled by modifying,; and the grafted branch becomes a temporary branch. In the invention, the cold resistance method of the Masui Dauphine fig tree has the advantages that: grafting just can be implemented once in the whole life of each tree to completely solve the problem that the Masui Dauphine plant cannot automatically implement dormancy; the cold resistance of the tree can be completely improved; the using amount of inputs such as workload, straw and the like can be greatly reduced; the economic loss of farmers due to low temperature freezing can be avoided; and thereby the technical barriers of scale cultivation of Masui Dauphine plants in the area with low temperature in winter can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the culture technique of a fig kind, is a kind of cold-resistant method of Maas Yi Taofen fig tree specifically.
Background technology
Fig kind Maas Yi Taofen is the kind of widely planting on the south China Yangtze river basin, compares with common fig, and mean fruit weight 80 grams are far above other kinds; The pericarp aubergine, beautiful in colour, be fit to very much the domestic market consumption habit, per mu yield can reach 4000 kilograms, is rare high yield improved seeds.
But, Maas Yi Taofen compares with other kinds, the major defect of this kind is: insensitive to low temperature, arrive in late autumn, other kinds all stop growing, the petiole place forms absciss layer, leaf abscission, cortex begin to thicken, resin begins to reflux, living shoot accelerates lignification then, when preparation enters resting state, this kind still is in vegetative period, still can not automatically enter resting state to mid-December, enter the cold wave that initial stage in the winter temperature difference surpasses 10 ℃, just can make this kind suffer cold damage.
Existing fig freeze prevention measure is mainly and adopts straw, plastic film to cover or the wrapping branch, prevents that branch from enduring cold.But this mode needs again cover once annual winter, and the amount of labour is large, and cost is high, cures the symptoms, not the disease.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of can improve Maas Yi Taofen fig tree to the susceptibility of low temperature, improve the cold-resistant method of its cold resistant Maas Yi Taofen fig tree when temperature reduces.
Technical scheme: in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of cold-resistant method of Maas Yi Taofen fig tree, the method be method by grafting with the fig grafting of other kinds on the fig kind of needs improvement, concrete steps are as follows:
1) spring, chooses rugosity and is 1-1.5 centimetre cold-resistant fig kind branch as scion;
2) mode of employing scion grafting is set described scion grafting on the body at Maas Yi Taofen;
3) after scion grafting 15-20 days, grafting interruption-forming callus; After 30-40 days, the scion sprout sprouts, and pumping goes out shoot then, and the grafting success namely forms the grafted branch with major branch and side shoot; Amount of growth by pruning means control grafted branch makes grafted branch major branch new-tip length be controlled at 1 ± 0.2 meter every year, and side shoot quantity is controlled at 3-5, and described grafted branch namely becomes auxiliary support branch.
The biochemical substances such as the inner synthetic endogenous ethylene of the auxiliary support branch described in the present invention, abscisic acid, by the mobile parent that is transmitted to of resin, and bring out parent and automatically enter the dormant stage, show as whole tree body and auxiliary support branch and begin synchronously terminal bud and stop the sleeping process such as sprouting, leaf abscission, cork layer thickening, lignification acceleration.Can say, auxiliary support branch has played the effect of similar " low-temperature sensor ".
As a further improvement on the present invention, but described scion is through long-term cultivation domestication, in locality normal hibernation, the fig kind of surviving the winter; Described scion sprout is full, and length 5-7 centimetre, rugosity is suitable mutually with the stock rugosity.
Described scion grafting mode is to adopt the method for cleft grafting to carry out height to connect.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art; advantage of the present invention is: every tree only needs grafting once all one's life; just can fundamentally solve the problem that Maas Yi Taofen can't enter dormancy automatically; fundamentally can improve the cold resistance of tree body; the greatly use of the input such as the amount of lightening one's labor and straw; the economic loss that peasant household caused because of low temperature freezing-disaster can be avoided, thereby the in the winter time technology barrier of low temp area large-scale planting of restriction Maas Yi Taofen kind can be solved.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also make some improvement, these improvement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment: a kind of cold-resistant method of Maas Yi Taofen fig tree, the method be method by grafting with the fig grafting of cold-resistant variety on the Maas Yi Taofen fig kind of needs improvement, concrete steps are as follows:
1) spring, chooses local cold-resistant fig kind " Blanc Rake " branch as scion; The requirement of this scion is length 5-7 centimetre, and rugosity is 1-1.5 centimetre, and 2-3 full bud arranged.
2) mode of employing scion grafting is set described scion grafting on the body at Maas Yi Taofen; Wherein this scion grafting mode is to adopt the method for cleft grafting to carry out height to connect, concrete grammar is: first in the brachymemma of stock current-year branch base portion 5-7 centimeters, split lower in stock cross section central vertical with sharp knife again, dark 3-5 centimetre, then the cutter of respectively being splayed in both sides, scion lower end, be wedge shape, scion should be selected the 5-7 centimeter length, and 2-3 full bud arranged.The method of cutting of scion is: cut first the straight long bevel of 3 centimetres of length at upper bud with side lower part, cut a short bevel at the reverse side of this bevel again.After having cut scion, insert the stock otch, the formation layer segment of the two is connected airtight mutually, then with wide Polypropylence Sheet wrapping.
3) after scion grafting 15-20 days, grafting interruption-forming callus; After 30-40 days, the scion sprout sprouts, and pumping goes out shoot then, and the grafting success namely forms the grafted branch with major branch and side shoot; By pruning, control grafted branch amount of growth makes grafted branch major branch new-tip length be controlled at 1 ± 0.2 meter every year, and side shoot quantity is controlled at 3-5, and grafted branch namely becomes auxiliary support branch.If the amount of growth of grafted branch is excessive, can affect growth and the output of main result branch.
Without the Maas Yi Taofen of grafting, even when mean temperature was down to 10 degrees centigrade in continuous 5 days, automatically fall leaves yet, icing, dead in the blade cell when only having comparatively serious frost to occur, passive coming off; Simultaneously, still be in the withered freeze injury phenomenon that waits of terminal bud appearance of growth conditions.As the violent cooling weather that the temperature difference surpasses 10 degrees centigrade appears, and cooling occured after 72 hours, and cortex shrinkage, the sprout phenomena of mortality appear in this kind, and when serious, all young sprouts of whole strain are all freezed to death, and cause the next year Severe Reduction.At Zhenjiang areas, this kind is between 2001-2010 10 years, do not take the tree body of freeze prevention measure to have 8 years to occur freeze injury, next year output reduction reach about 30%; Serious freeze injury occured in wherein 2008,2010 2 years, all young sprouts of overground part are all freezed to death.
Through the Maas Yi Taofen tree body of grafting of the present invention, at Zhenjiang areas, late October, when average temperature was down to 12 degrees centigrade in continuous 5 days, the auxiliary support branch of grafting survival had kept the original characteristic of Blanc Rake kind, and the reduction along with temperature enters the leaf fall period automatically; And whole tree body is subject to the impact of auxiliary support branch, occurs also that blade all comes off, terminal bud stops growing, resin refluxes, and lignification is accelerated, and enters resting state.Winter in 2010, the present embodiment need not taked any wrapping, covering measure, just can normally survive the winter; And contrast strain overground part is all freezed to death.
Claims (3)
1. the cold-resistant method of a Maas Yi Taofen fig tree is characterized in that, the method be method by grafting with the scion grafting of other cold-resistant fig kinds on Maas Yi Taofen kind, concrete steps are as follows:
1) spring, chooses rugosity and is 1-1.5 centimetre cold-resistant fig kind branch as scion;
2) mode of employing scion grafting is set described scion grafting on the body at Maas Yi Taofen;
3) after scion grafting 15-20 days, grafting interruption-forming callus; After 30-40 days, the scion sprout sprouts, and pumping goes out shoot then, and the grafting success namely forms the grafted branch with major branch and side shoot; Amount of growth by pruning means control grafted branch makes grafted branch major branch new-tip length be controlled at 1 ± 0.2 meter every year, and side shoot quantity is controlled at 3-5, and described grafted branch namely becomes auxiliary support branch.
2. the cold-resistant method of a kind of Maas Yi Taofen fig tree according to claim 1 is characterized in that, but described scion is through long-term cultivation domestication, in locality normal hibernation, the fig kind of surviving the winter; Described scion sprout is full, and length 5-7 centimetre, rugosity is suitable mutually with the stock rugosity.
3. the cold-resistant method of a kind of Maas Yi Taofen fig tree according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described scion grafting mode is to adopt the method for cleft grafting to carry out height to connect.
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| CN103371063B (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2014-08-20 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for controlling pear trees from secondarily flowering and bearing fruits due to premature senescence and abscission of leaves |
| CN104145763A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽格林亲子农庄有限公司 | Summer pruning method for fig tree planting |
| CN105145239B (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2018-11-06 | 句容市虎耳山无花果专业合作社 | A kind of method of Maas Yi Taofen figs seedling vegetative propagation fast-propagation |
| CN106386352B (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2019-09-03 | 安徽省怡果生态科技有限公司 | A kind of acclimation method of Israel's shagreen fig |
| CN107018805A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-08 | 六枝特区家香农林种养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of engrafting method for downgrading fig |
| CN112166926A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-05 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Breeding method of cold-resistant pear variety |
| CN116114582B (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-06-25 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving cold resistance of potatoes by utilizing grafting |
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| JPH0242920A (en) * | 1988-07-30 | 1990-02-13 | Hiroki Sato | Plant-breeding by grafting fig to walnuts |
| CN101099440A (en) * | 2006-07-03 | 2008-01-09 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for preventing masui dauphine fig tree from freezing damage |
| CN101743876B (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-05-23 | 杭州秀山美地农业科技有限公司 | Exotic fig grating cultivation method |
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Effective date of registration: 20190325 Address after: 212402 No. 1 Longshan Lake Avenue, Baituo Town, Jurong City, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Jiangsu Longshan Lake Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Address before: 212400 Fig Specialized Cooperative in Huer Mountain, Jurong Town, Xingxiangji Town, Bairao Town, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: Jurong Tiger Ear Hill Fig Professional Cooperative |