CN105432407A - Method for culturing kuerle fragrant pear tree novel tree body structure - Google Patents
Method for culturing kuerle fragrant pear tree novel tree body structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN105432407A CN105432407A CN201510871882.3A CN201510871882A CN105432407A CN 105432407 A CN105432407 A CN 105432407A CN 201510871882 A CN201510871882 A CN 201510871882A CN 105432407 A CN105432407 A CN 105432407A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing a kuerle fragrant pear tree novel tree body structure, which belongs to the grafting field of pear trees, and comprises steps: (1) rootstock seedlings are planted according to the standard; (2) scions are collected and stored; (3) seedling trunks are cultured; (4) grafting mode and time are selected: stems are used to graft in spring, and buds are grafted in summer and autumn; (5) grafting operation is carried out: (a) the stored scions are taken out, are cut into 2-3 stem segments with plump buds; (b) stem grafting is carried out in spring, buds which are arranged on the scions are arranged on downward positions or side surfaces; (c) buds are grafted in summer and autumn, and are grafted on the backs of branches; (6) new tips which are arranged on the backs of the scions are cultured after the scions survive, and are removed, thereby preventing forming vertical upward branches; (7) films are removed, and protective agents are sprayed to prevent pests and diseases damage; and (8) cultivation protection measures are carried out. The method for culturing the kuerle fragrant pear tree novel tree body structure enables birchleaf pear rootstocks to be backbones of fragrant pear tree bodies, changes a change grafting method, cultures a novel tree body structure, and solves the difficult problems of disease resistance and frost resistance of key parts of fragrant pear trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of method of cultivating bergamot pear tree Novel tree body structure, belongs to fruit-tree grafting technical field, and specifically a kind of Kuerle delicious pear grows directly from seeds dry achievement technology.
Background technology
Birch-leaf pear (
pyrusbetulifoliabunge) call birchleaf pear, Malus spectabilis pears, wild pear, native pears, rose family pear deciduous tree, plant height 10 meters, branch tool stings.Birch-leaf pear is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, and early, the life-span is very long for fruiting period, and at neutral soil and saline-alkali soil all energy normal growths, usually make the stock of various cultivation pears, there is cultivation in China manyly, and timber densification can make various implements.
The cold-hartliness of pears is different, and wild species can resistance to-52 DEG C of low temperature, cultivated species-30 ~-35 DEG C; White pear class can be resistance to-23 ~-25 DEG C; Sand pear class and European pear class can be resistance to about-20 DEG C.Kuerle delicious pear belong to Xinjiang pears kind (
pyrussinkiangensisyu), originate in South Sinkiang, Xinjiang Bayangolmongol Autonomous Prefecture, the ground such as Aksu, existing more than 1300 year cultivation history is ancient landrace, is also the extremely strong improved seeds of a region, introduces a fine variety other areas, all can not be successful.It is cold medium, and during winter minimum temperature-22 DEG C, bud is endured cold, and when-25 DEG C one, biennial branch endures cold, and when-26 DEG C, major branch trunk is endured cold lobe, and when-28 DEG C, whole strain is freezed to death.
According to DB65/T-2010 Kuerle delicious pear provincial standard, the Kuerle delicious pear of current Xinjiang plantation, the field planting of general use rootstock seedling, fixed dry rear by the scion of whip grafting grafting bergamot pear, general grafting height is apart from ground 0.4m ~ 0.6m, after bergamot pear scion survives, in good time shaping, ground floor major branch retains 3 ~ 4 usually.Owing to there is the reason such as serious cold damage and the harm of sick worm, stem sample site and major branch wooden fork mouth place, often occur that bark festers or drying shrinkage necrosis, cause bergamot pear to set " belly breaking ", bulk xylem is exposed, main branch angles and above limb position are most susceptible disease places, sick scar causes dredging tissue and is cut off, and hinder nutrient conveying, tree vigo(u)r is weak, when bark necrosis is enclosed around limb one, sick branch or the somatic death of sick tree.
The tree management of bergamot pear, is bergamot pear limb at birch-leaf pear backbone with upper part.Due to the habit of growth of bergamot pear limb, there is nature breach in trunk and major branch wooden fork mouth place, and the wound that limb position is caused due to freeze injury, insect pest, mechanical damage etc., cause infection process to rot, cause morbidity, usually cause the dry and wooden fork mouth place of bergamot pear branch fester necrosis or drying shrinkage depression downright bad.Current bergamot pear branch is done the downright bad incidence of disease and is reached more than 75%, the dead frequent generation of dry or whole strain less of scarce branch.The reason one causing this phenomenon is due to agricultural sector structure adjustment, plants bergamot pear in a large number, and in the day by day deficient situation of water resource, irrigate not enough, lack organic fertilizer resource, fertilizer insufficient investment simultaneously, cause Growth status more weak, resistance reduces; Two is occur 2 large extreme low temperature synoptic processes in winter in nearly 10 years, and serious cold damage occurs, and causes frostbite or the bergamot pear tree that freezes to death, causes rot popular.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above shortcomings and defect in prior art, by the trunk and the major branch that utilize stock birch-leaf pear to do bergamot pear tree, in the scion of branch and center dry grafting bergamot pear respectively, grow up to the trunk of rear tree body, center is done and ground floor major branch base portion becomes the birch-leaf pear tissue grown directly from seeds, due to the feature such as adaptability, strong stress resistance of birch-leaf pear self, thus improve the disease resistance of bergamot pear tree and resist the ability of low temperature freezing-disaster.A kind of method of cultivating bergamot pear tree Novel tree body structure that this invention provides, effectively can change existing tree management, improve the resistance of bergamot pear tree, have important promotional value.
technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Cultivate a method for bergamot pear tree Novel tree body structure, comprise the steps:
(1) rootstock seedling field planting: use the field planting of birchleaf pear rootstock seedling according to bergamot pear nursery standard;
(2) scion collection and storage: the elite stand gathering scion is that tree vigo(u)r is strong, the middle aged bergamot pear tree without damage by disease and insect of fine quality of getting bumper crops; The sturdy developmental branch in annual periphery selecting growth to enrich or fruit bearing shoot, in the winter time or gather scion early spring, after scion of sealing with wax, moisturizing storage under low temperature, takes out to during grafting;
(3) to grow directly from seeds dry cultivation: rootstock seedling heading height 1.5m ~ 1.8m, ground floor branch stays 50cm ~ 80cm, stays 3 ~ 5 different directions, spiralling branches.The branch staying one group 3 ~ 4 different directions every 30cm ~ 35cm is done at center more than ground floor branch, until fixed dry place, cuts off unnecessary branch.Grafting can be carried out when Branch diameter reaches more than 0.5cm;
(4) select grafting method and time: in spring with the grafting of scion grafting mode, bud grafting at spring, summer, Qiu Sanji, all can be able to be carried out when all cortexes can be peeled off period, grow directly from seeds dry on the branch continued to employ reach gradation when thickness requires and carry out grafting operation;
(5) grafting operation is implemented:
A () takes out the scion of storage, be cut into the branch section leaving 2 ~ 3 full buds stand-by;
During scion grafting in (b) spring, require that the bud in scion is in position that is downward or side;
When (c) summer, autumnbudding, require that grafting is located under the back of the body of branch;
(6), after scion survives, young sprout that send under cultivating the scion back of the body, tiltedly upper growth, extracts the young sprout that scion back is sent out, avoids the formation of upright branch; Scion does not survive, and next grafting period implements grafting operation again;
(7), after grafting survival, remove film, spray protectant at grafting mouth and prevent disease worm from endangering, implement 2 times ~ 3 times, 15 days ~ 20 days, interval between twice;
(8) should implement after grafting to cultivate safeguard measure.
When implementing of the present invention, bergamot pear nursery standard used is " Kuerle delicious pear Technical regulations for cultivation of tree seedlings DB65/T2047-2010 ".
Key point of the present invention is:
1, set the skeleton of body using birchleaf pear rootstock as bergamot pear, reduce the risk of limb wooden fork mouth place rot occurred frequently, strengthen resistance.
2, to cultivate the back of the body lower blastogenesis long in branch's grafting scion, branch is outwards extended, avoids young sprout to meet windbreak and break, and excessive, not easy-to-draw, the drawback that supports branch in major branch corner in the future.
the optimization that a kind of method of cultivating bergamot pear tree Novel tree body structure of the present invention also comprises is or/and improvement has:
One of preferred version, the cultivation implemented after step (8) grafting and safeguard measure comprise bud picking, cut anvil, windproof, strengthen the work such as rich water quality management, described bud picking refer to grow directly from seeds dry on newly grow, unnecessary young sprout removes, describedly cut after anvil refers to that bud grafting survives, wipe out the stock part of more than young sprout in time, described windproof finger grow directly from seeds dry on bundle auxiliary waddy and fix young sprout, prevent the young sprout on large wind disconnecting fringe; After described reinforcement rich water quality management refers to grafting, irrigate in time, topdress, promote fragrant Growth of Pear Trees.
Preferred version two, a kind of described method of cultivating bergamot pear tree Novel tree body structure, is characterized in that: in described step (2) scion collection and storage under low temperature moisturizing storage refer to the moisturizing of burlap parcel, 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C huskyly to hide.。
the beneficial effect implementing technical solution of the present invention is:
The present invention's birch-leaf pear does bergamot pear tree backbone, bull grafting, makes birchleaf pear rootstock become the diaphyseal portion of bergamot pear tree tree body, changes existing, traditional grafting method, cultivate Novel tree body structure, this is healthy and strong tree body, strengthens resistance, prevents and treats the effective and basic method of rot.Compare existing bergamot pear tree management, the invention solves bergamot pear tree key position and resist rot, improve the outstanding problem of tree body freezing tolerance, cold resistance brings up to-30 DEG C by-25 DEG C, and the rot incidence of disease drops to less than 10% by average 70%.
Specifically comprise following several respects:
1, set the skeleton of body using birchleaf pear rootstock as bergamot pear, major branch is done and wooden fork mouth is birch-leaf pear material, and strong stress resistance, can reduce the risk of limb and wooden fork mouth place rot occurred frequently, avoid trunk borer to endanger, and strengthens the cold resistance of bergamot pear tree.
2, the birch-leaf pear dry branch that grows directly from seeds has the physiological habit that angle opens a business naturally, avoids bergamot pear to set the little characteristic of branch spreading angle.Traditional bergamot pear tree management, in its branch self-sow situation be obvolvent upwards, water sprout is many, not easily form bud, Cheng Huawan, the artificial saddle bar that uses struts crotch angle, takes a lot of work, consume a large amount of timber, also can cause a point branch mouth wound, susceptible damage by disease and insect simultaneously.
3, grafting bergamot pear scion on branch, the young sprout that lower blastogenesis grows is carried on the back in cultivation scion, and bergamot pear branch is outwards extended, and angular selectivity is opened a business, and avoid young sprout chance windbreak disconnected, and grafting mouth corner is excessive, not easy-to-draw, to support branch drawback.
4, birch-leaf pear is wooden hard, and density is large, and pear tree enters high yield period, there will not be result many and branch can't bear the situation of bearing a heavy burden.
5, the dry bergamot pear tree management built that grows directly from seeds is stablized, and there will not be " bound feet " phenomenon.(refer to that growth rate is inconsistent because birch-leaf pear is different with bergamot pear material, form the upper and lower thickness of tree body backbone grafting mouth inconsistent, up big and down small phenomenon).
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
For making those skilled in the art understand technical scheme of the present invention better, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1: a kind of method of cultivating bergamot pear tree Novel tree body structure, comprises the steps:
(1) rootstock seedling field planting: use the field planting of birchleaf pear rootstock seedling according to bergamot pear nursery standard;
(2) scion collection and storage: the elite stand gathering scion is that tree vigo(u)r is strong, the middle aged bergamot pear tree without damage by disease and insect of fine quality of getting bumper crops; The sturdy developmental branch in annual periphery selecting growth to enrich or fruit bearing shoot, in the winter time or gather scion early spring, after scion of sealing with wax, moisturizing storage under low temperature, takes out to during grafting;
(3) to grow directly from seeds dry cultivation: rootstock seedling heading height 1.5m ~ 1.8m, ground floor branch stays 50cm ~ 80cm, stays 3 ~ 5 different directions, spiralling branches.The branch staying one group 3 ~ 4 different directions every 30cm ~ 35cm is done at center more than ground floor branch, until fixed dry place, cuts off unnecessary branch.Grafting can be carried out when Branch diameter reaches more than 0.5cm;
(4) select grafting method and time: in spring with the grafting of scion grafting mode, bud grafting at spring, summer, Qiu Sanji, all can be able to be carried out when all cortexes can be peeled off period, grow directly from seeds dry on the branch continued to employ reach gradation when thickness requires and carry out grafting operation;
(5) grafting operation is implemented:
A () takes out the scion of storage, be cut into the branch section leaving 2 ~ 3 full buds stand-by;
During scion grafting in (b) spring, require that the bud in scion is in position that is downward or side;
When (c) summer, autumnbudding, require that grafting is located under the back of the body of branch;
(6), after scion survives, young sprout that send under cultivating the scion back of the body, tiltedly upper growth, extracts the young sprout that scion back is sent out, avoids the formation of upright branch; Scion does not survive, and next grafting period implements grafting operation again;
(7), after grafting survival, remove film, spray protectant at grafting mouth and prevent disease worm from endangering, implement 2 times, 15 days ~ 18 days, interval between twice;
(8) should implement after grafting to cultivate safeguard measure.
When implementing of the present invention, bergamot pear nursery standard used is " Kuerle delicious pear Technical regulations for cultivation of tree seedlings DB65/T2047-2010 ".
Because the scion grafting in the present invention, bud grafting are known technology, those of ordinary skill in the art does not need creative work just can realize its application in conjunction with actual conditions.
Embodiment 2: below in conjunction with embodiment 1 to optimization provided by the invention or/and improve be further described:
Step (2) scion collection and storage are for wrapping up moisturizing, Sha Zang with burlap at low temperature 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C.
After step (7) grafting survival, remove film, spray protectant at grafting mouth and prevent disease worm from endangering, implement 3 times, 18 days ~ 20 days, interval between twice;
Implement after step (8) grafting to cultivate safeguard measure comprise bud picking, windproof, strengthen rich water quality management etc., described bud picking refer to grow directly from seeds dry on newly grow, unnecessary young sprout removes, described windproof finger grow directly from seeds dry on bundle auxiliary waddy and fix young sprout, prevent the young sprout on large wind disconnecting fringe; After described reinforcement rich water quality management refers to grafting, irrigate in time, topdress, promote fragrant Growth of Pear Trees.
Be understandable that, the illustrative embodiments that above embodiment is only used to principle of the present invention is described and adopts, but the present invention is not limited thereto, can determine concrete embodiment according to technical scheme of the present invention and actual conditions.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and substance in the present invention, can make various modification and improvement, these modification and the improvement of increase are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. cultivate a method for bergamot pear tree Novel tree body structure, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) rootstock seedling field planting: use the field planting of birchleaf pear rootstock seedling according to bergamot pear nursery standard;
(2) scion collection and storage: the elite stand gathering scion is that tree vigo(u)r is strong, the middle aged bergamot pear tree without damage by disease and insect of fine quality of getting bumper crops; The sturdy developmental branch in annual periphery selecting growth to enrich or fruit bearing shoot, in the winter time or gather scion early spring, after scion of sealing with wax, moisturizing storage under low temperature, takes out to during grafting;
Or
From the peripheral position of the elite stand tree crown of above-mentioned condition, choose the developmental branch raw then that leaf bud is full, as bud grafting material;
(3) to grow directly from seeds dry cultivation: rootstock seedling heading height 1.5m ~ 1.8m, ground floor branch stays 50cm ~ 80cm, stays 3 ~ 5 different directions, spiralling branches.
2. the branch staying one group 3 ~ 4 different directions every 30cm ~ 35cm is done at the center more than ground floor branch, until fixed dry place, cuts off unnecessary branch.
3. grafting can be carried out when Branch diameter reaches more than 0.5cm;
(4) select grafting method and time: in spring with the grafting of scion grafting mode, bud grafting at spring, summer, Qiu Sanji, all can be able to be carried out when all cortexes can be peeled off period, grow directly from seeds dry on the branch continued to employ reach gradation when thickness requires and carry out grafting operation;
(5) grafting operation is implemented:
A () takes out the scion of storage, be cut into the branch section leaving 2 ~ 3 full buds stand-by;
During scion grafting in (b) spring, require that the bud in scion is in position that is downward or side;
When (c) summer, autumnbudding, require that grafting is located under the back of the body of branch;
(6), after scion survives, young sprout that send under cultivating the scion back of the body, tiltedly upper growth, extracts the young sprout that scion back is sent out, avoids the formation of upright branch; Scion does not survive, and next grafting period implements grafting operation again;
(7), after grafting survival, remove film, spray protectant at grafting mouth and prevent disease worm from endangering, implement 2 times ~ 3 times, 15 days ~ 20 days, interval between twice;
(8) should implement after grafting to cultivate safeguard measure.
4. a kind of method of cultivating bergamot pear tree Novel tree body structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: implement after step (8) grafting to cultivate safeguard measure comprise bud picking, windproof, strengthen rich water quality management etc., described bud picking refer to grow directly from seeds dry on newly grow, unnecessary young sprout removes, described windproof finger grow directly from seeds dry on bundle auxiliary waddy and fix young sprout, prevent the young sprout on large wind disconnecting fringe; Irrigate in time after described reinforcement rich water quality management refers to grafting, topdress, promote fragrant Growth of Pear Trees.
5. a kind of method of cultivating bergamot pear tree Novel tree body structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2) scion collection and storage under low temperature moisturizing storage refer to the moisturizing of burlap parcel, 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C huskyly to hide.
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| CN106613710A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-10 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Trimming method for elongated and upright trunks of pear trees |
| CN111543238A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-18 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Tending method for apple branch blight resistant bergamot pear trees |
| CN111557203A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-21 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Method for treating and curing pear trees suffering from apple branch blight |
| CN112586264A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-04-02 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Optimization method of bergamot pear wood |
| CN114521404A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-24 | 新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所 | Method for cultivating novel tree body structure of fragrant pear tree |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106613710A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-10 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Trimming method for elongated and upright trunks of pear trees |
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| CN111543238A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-18 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Tending method for apple branch blight resistant bergamot pear trees |
| CN111557203A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-21 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Method for treating and curing pear trees suffering from apple branch blight |
| CN112586264A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-04-02 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Optimization method of bergamot pear wood |
| CN114521404A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-24 | 新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所 | Method for cultivating novel tree body structure of fragrant pear tree |
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