CN105432407B - Method for cultivating novel tree body structure of fragrant pear tree - Google Patents
Method for cultivating novel tree body structure of fragrant pear tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN105432407B CN105432407B CN201510871882.3A CN201510871882A CN105432407B CN 105432407 B CN105432407 B CN 105432407B CN 201510871882 A CN201510871882 A CN 201510871882A CN 105432407 B CN105432407 B CN 105432407B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
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Abstract
the invention discloses a method for cultivating a novel tree body structure of a fragrant pear tree, and belongs to the field of pear tree grafting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) planting stock seedlings according to the standard; (2) collecting and storing scions; (3) culturing the seedling; (4) selecting a grafting mode and time: grafting in spring, and grafting in summer and autumn; (5) and (3) implementation of grafting operation: (a) taking out the stored scions and cutting the scions into branch sections with 2-3 plump buds; (b) grafting in spring, wherein the bud on the scion is positioned downwards or laterally; (c) bud grafting in summer and autumn, and grafting the buds to the lower back of the branches; (6) culturing the young shoots under the back of the scion after the scion survives, and removing the young shoots on the back to avoid forming upright branches; (7) removing the film, spraying a protective agent to prevent diseases and pests; (8) and implementing cultivation protection measures. The invention makes the birch stock become the backbone part of the bergamot pear tree body, changes the traditional grafting method, cultivates a novel tree body structure, and solves the difficult problems of disease resistance and freezing resistance of key parts of the bergamot pear tree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for cultivating a novel tree body structure of a bergamot pear tree, belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and particularly relates to a technology for building a dried seedling of a Korla bergamot pear.
background
Du pear (Chinese pear)Pyrus betulifoliabunge) is also called birchleaf pear, Chinese birchleaf pear, wild pear, native pear, arbors of Rosaceae, the plant height is 10 m, and the branches have thorns. The birch pear is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, early in fruiting period and long in service life, can normally grow in neutral soil and saline-alkali soil, is usually used as a stock for cultivating various types of pears, is cultivated in multiple places in China, and can be used as various utensils due to compact wood.
The cold resistance of pears is different, wild species can resist the low temperature of-52 ℃, and cultivated species are-30 to-35 ℃; white pears can resist-23 to-25 ℃; the sand pears and the western pears can resist the temperature of about-20 ℃. Korla bergamot pear species (seed of Xinjiang pear)Pyrus sinkiangensis yu), native to southern Xinjiang Bayin GuoLeng Mongolia autonomous state, Aksu, etc., has a cultivation history of over 1300 years, is an ancient local variety, is also a good variety with extremely strong regionality, and cannot be successfully introduced to other areas. It has moderate cold property, and can be used for freezing flower bud at-22 deg.C in winter, freezing one-year or two-year branches at-25 deg.C, freezing main branch at-26 deg.C and longitudinal branchthe whole plant is frozen to death at-28 ℃.
According to the DB65/T-2010 Korla pear local standard, the Korla pear planted in Xinjiang at present is generally planted by using stock seedlings, the pear scions are grafted by a branch grafting method after the stocks are fixed to be dry, the grafting height is generally 0.4-0.6 m away from the ground, the pear scions are shaped in time after survival, and 3-4 main branches are usually reserved on the first layer. Due to the occurrence of serious freezing injury, insect damage and the like, bark fester or trunk shrinkage necrosis often occurs at the trunk part and the main branch crotch part to cause the 'open-hearth and belly breaking' of the bergamot pear tree, the large wood part is exposed, the main branch included angle and the branch parts above the main branch are the most vulnerable parts, the dredging tissue is cut off due to scabs to block nutrient delivery, the tree vigor is weak, and when the bark necrosis surrounds the branches for a circle, the diseased branches or the diseased tree integrally die.
The tree body structure of the bergamot pear is that the parts above the base trunk of the birch pear are bergamot pear branches. Due to the growth habit of the branches and the trunks of the bergamot pears, natural cracks exist at the branches of the trunks and the main branches, and the wounds at the parts of the branches and the trunks caused by freezing injury, insect damage, mechanical damage and the like cause germ infection and rot, so that the disease is caused, and the rottenness or the trunk shrinkage and dent necrosis of the branches and the trunks of the bergamot pears are often caused. At present, the incidence rate of the branch and trunk necrosis of the bergamot pear reaches over 75 percent, and the branch lack and the trunk lack or the death of the whole plant frequently occur. The reason for the phenomenon is that due to the adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure, a large amount of bergamot pears are planted, under the condition that water resources are increasingly deficient, irrigation is insufficient, organic fertilizer sources are lacked, organic fertilizer is not input enough, and therefore trees grow weakly and stress resistance is reduced; and secondly, 2 times of large winter extreme low-temperature weather processes appear in nearly 10 years, severe freezing injury occurs, the fragrant pear trees are frozen or killed, and the rot disease is epidemic.
disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the method comprises the steps of using a stock, namely the Chinese pear, as the main trunk and the main branch of the Chinese pear tree, grafting Chinese pear scions on the branches and the central trunk respectively, and enabling the main trunk, the central trunk and the base of the first layer of main branch of the tree body after growth to become a seedling Chinese pear tissue. The method for cultivating the novel tree body structure of the fragrant pear tree can effectively change the existing tree body structure and improve the stress resistance of the fragrant pear tree, and has important popularization value.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for cultivating a novel tree body structure of a fragrant pear tree comprises the following steps:
(1) Stock seedling planting: using a birchleaf pear stock seedling for field planting according to the bergamot pear seedling culture standard;
(2) And (3) scion collection and storage: collecting the stock tree of the scion as a middle-aged fragrant pear tree with strong tree vigor, high yield and high quality and no plant diseases and insect pests; selecting thick and strong development branches or bearing branches at the periphery of a full-grown annual, collecting scions in winter or early spring, sealing the scions with wax, preserving moisture at low temperature, storing, and taking out when grafting;
(3) and (3) culturing the seedling: the fixed trunk height of the stock seedling is 1.5-1.8 m, the first layer of branches is remained at 50-80 cm, and 3-5 branches which are spirally raised in different directions are remained. And (3) reserving a group of 3-4 branches in different directions on the central trunk above the first layer of branches every 30-35 cm until the trunk is positioned, and cutting off redundant branches. Grafting can be carried out when the diameter of the branch reaches more than 0.5 cm;
(4) Selecting a grafting mode and time: grafting in a branch grafting manner in spring, wherein the bud grafting period can be in spring, summer and autumn, the grafting operation can be carried out when the cortex can be stripped, and the grafting operation is carried out for times when the branches remained on the seedling stem meet the thickness requirement;
(5) And (3) implementation of grafting operation:
(a) taking out the stored scions and cutting the scions into branch segments with 2-3 plump buds for later use;
(b) when the scions are grafted in spring, the buds on the scions are required to be at the downward or lateral positions;
(c) grafting the seedling onto the back of the branch in summer and autumn;
(6) after the scion survives, culturing new shoots growing obliquely and growing at the back of the scion, and removing the new shoots growing at the back of the scion to avoid forming upright branches; when the scion is not alive, carrying out grafting operation again in the next grafting period;
(7) After the grafting survives, removing the film, spraying a protective agent on the grafting opening to prevent the damage of diseases and pests, implementing for 2-3 times, and spacing 15-20 days between the two times;
(8) cultivation protection measures should be implemented after grafting.
When the method is implemented, the seedling culture standard of the bergamot pears is Korla bergamot pear seedling culture technical specification DB 65/T2047-2010.
The key points of the invention are as follows:
1. The birchleaf pear rootstock is used as the skeleton of the bergamot pear tree body, so that the risk of high rot at the branch position of the branch is reduced, and the stress resistance is enhanced.
2. the branch grafting scion is used for culturing the bud growth under the back, so that the branch extends outwards, and the defects that the new tip is broken by wind and the main branch is too large in corner to be pulled easily and supported in the future are avoided.
the method for cultivating the novel tree body structure of the bergamot pear tree further comprises the following steps of optimization or/and improvement:
in one preferable scheme, the cultivation and protection measures implemented after grafting in the step (8) comprise the work of bud picking, stock shearing, wind prevention, fertilizer and water management strengthening and the like, wherein the bud picking means removing new and redundant young shoots growing on a seedling stem, the stock part above the young shoots is timely sheared after the bud grafting survival of the stock shearing means, and the wind prevention means binding an auxiliary wood stick on the seedling stem to fix the young shoots so as to prevent the young shoots on the scion from being blown off by strong wind; the fertilizer and water management is enhanced by timely irrigating and topdressing after grafting to promote the growth of the bergamot pear trees.
In the second preferred scheme, the method for cultivating the novel tree body structure of the bergamot pear tree is characterized in that: the step (2) of collecting and storing the scions, preserving moisture at low temperature and storing refers to wrapping the linen for moisture preservation and storing the scions in sand at 0-5 ℃. .
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention uses the birch-leaf pear as the base trunk of the bergamot pear tree and grafts the birch-leaf pear at multiple ends, so that the birch-leaf pear stock becomes the backbone part of the bergamot pear tree, the existing and traditional grafting method is changed, and a novel tree structure is cultured, which is an effective and fundamental method for strengthening the tree, enhancing the stress resistance and preventing and treating the rot. Compared with the existing bergamot pear tree body structure, the invention solves the outstanding problems of resisting rot and improving the frost resistance of key parts of the bergamot pear tree, the cold resistance is improved from minus 25 ℃ to minus 30 ℃, and the incidence rate of the rot is reduced from 70% to below 10% on average.
the method specifically comprises the following aspects:
1. the birch-leaf pear tree has the advantages that birch-leaf pear stocks are used as the framework of the bergamot pear tree body, the main branches and the branch mouths are made of birch-leaf pear materials, stress resistance is high, the risk of high rot at the branch trunks and the branch mouths can be reduced, the harm of trunk-boring pests is avoided, and cold resistance of the bergamot pear tree is enhanced.
2. Branches of the birch pear trunk have the physiological habit of natural opening of angles, and the characteristic of small opening angle of branches of bergamot pear trees is avoided. According to the traditional bergamot pear tree structure, branches are folded upwards under the natural growth condition, the number of overgrown branches is large, flower buds are not easy to form, flowers are late, the branch angle is opened by manually using a support stick, labor is consumed, a large amount of wood is consumed, branch crotch mouth injury is caused, and diseases and insect pests are prone to occurring.
3. Grafting fragrant pear scions on the branches, culturing new tips growing from buds below the back of the scions, extending the fragrant pear branches outwards, and selectively opening the tips at an angle, so that the defects that the new tips are broken by wind and the grafting opening angle is too large, and the fragrant pear tips are not easy to pull and support the branches are avoided.
4. the birch-leaf pear trees are hard and high in density, and the situation that the birch-leaf pear trees bear heavy load due to too many fruits can be avoided when the birch-leaf pear trees enter the high-yield period.
5. the bergamot pear tree body constructed by the seedling trunk is stable in structure and does not have the phenomenon of 'small foot'. (the phenomena of inconsistent upper and lower thickness and big and small upper and lower parts of the grafting opening of the trunk of the tree body are formed due to different materials of the pyrus betulaefolia and the pyrus pyrifolia.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1: a method for cultivating a novel tree body structure of a fragrant pear tree comprises the following steps:
(1) Stock seedling planting: using a birchleaf pear stock seedling for field planting according to the bergamot pear seedling culture standard;
(2) And (3) scion collection and storage: collecting the stock tree of the scion as a middle-aged fragrant pear tree with strong tree vigor, high yield and high quality and no plant diseases and insect pests; selecting thick and strong development branches or bearing branches at the periphery of a full-grown annual, collecting scions in winter or early spring, sealing the scions with wax, preserving moisture at low temperature, storing, and taking out when grafting;
(3) and (3) culturing the seedling: the fixed trunk height of the stock seedling is 1.5-1.8 m, the first layer of branches is remained at 50-80 cm, and 3-5 branches which are spirally raised in different directions are remained. And (3) reserving a group of 3-4 branches in different directions on the central trunk above the first layer of branches every 30-35 cm until the trunk is positioned, and cutting off redundant branches. Grafting can be carried out when the diameter of the branch reaches more than 0.5 cm;
(4) selecting a grafting mode and time: grafting in a branch grafting manner in spring, wherein the bud grafting period can be in spring, summer and autumn, the grafting operation can be carried out when the cortex can be stripped, and the grafting operation is carried out for times when the branches remained on the seedling stem meet the thickness requirement;
(5) and (3) implementation of grafting operation:
(a) taking out the stored scions and cutting the scions into branch segments with 2-3 plump buds for later use;
(b) when the scions are grafted in spring, the buds on the scions are required to be at the downward or lateral positions;
(c) Grafting the seedling onto the back of the branch in summer and autumn;
(6) After the scion survives, culturing new shoots growing obliquely and growing at the back of the scion, and removing the new shoots growing at the back of the scion to avoid forming upright branches; when the scion is not alive, carrying out grafting operation again in the next grafting period;
(7) after the grafting survives, removing the film, spraying a protective agent on the grafting opening to prevent the damage of diseases and pests, implementing for 2 times, and spacing 15-18 days between the two times;
(8) Cultivation protection measures should be implemented after grafting.
when the method is implemented, the seedling culture standard of the bergamot pears is Korla bergamot pear seedling culture technical specification DB 65/T2047-2010.
since the grafting and the bud grafting are known technologies, the application of the method can be realized by combining the practical situation without creative labor by a person with ordinary skill in the art.
Example 2: the optimization or/and improvement provided by the present invention is further described below in connection with example 1:
And (2) collecting and storing the scions at a low temperature of 0-5 ℃ by wrapping the scions with linen, moisturizing and storing the scions in sand.
after the grafting survives, removing the film, spraying a protective agent on a grafting opening to prevent the damage of diseases and pests, and implementing for 3 times, wherein the interval between the two times is 18-20 days;
after grafting, implementing cultivation protection measures including bud picking, wind prevention, fertilizer and water management enhancement and the like, wherein the bud picking means removing new and redundant young shoots growing on the seedling trunk, and the wind prevention means binding an auxiliary wood stick on the seedling trunk to fix the young shoots and preventing the young shoots on the scion from being blown off by strong wind; the fertilizer and water management is enhanced by timely irrigating and topdressing after grafting to promote the growth of the bergamot pear trees.
it should be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principle of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and such modifications and improvements added thereto are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for cultivating a tree body structure of a fragrant pear tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Stock seedling planting: using a birchleaf pear stock seedling for field planting according to the bergamot pear seedling culture standard;
(2) And (3) scion collection and storage: collecting the stock tree of the scion as a middle-aged fragrant pear tree with strong tree vigor, high yield and high quality and no plant diseases and insect pests; selecting thick and strong development branches or bearing branches at the periphery of a full-grown annual, collecting scions in winter or early spring, sealing the scions with wax, preserving moisture at low temperature, storing, and taking out when grafting;
or
selecting current-year-old development branches with plump leaf buds as bud grafting materials from the peripheral parts of the crowns of the mother trees under the conditions;
(3) And (3) culturing the seedling: the fixed trunk height of the stock seedling is 1.5-1.8 m, the first layer of branches is remained at 50-80 cm, and 3-5 branches which are spirally raised in different directions are remained; leaving a group of 3-4 branches in different directions on the central trunk above the first layer of branches every 30-35 cm until the trunk is positioned, and cutting off redundant branches; grafting can be carried out when the diameter of the branch reaches more than 0.5 cm;
(4) selecting a grafting mode and time: grafting in spring by a branch grafting mode, wherein in the bud grafting period of spring, summer and autumn, the grafting can be carried out when the cortex can be stripped, and the grafting operation is carried out for times when the branches remained on the seedling stems meet the thickness requirement;
(5) and (3) implementation of grafting operation:
(a) Taking out the stored scions and cutting the scions into branch segments with 2-3 plump buds for later use;
(b) When the scions are grafted in spring, the buds on the scions are required to be at the downward or lateral positions;
(c) Grafting the seedling onto the back of the branch in summer and autumn;
(6) after the scion survives, culturing new shoots growing obliquely and growing at the back of the scion, and removing the new shoots growing at the back of the scion to avoid forming upright branches; when the scion is not alive, carrying out grafting operation again in the next grafting period;
(7) after the grafting survives, removing the film, spraying a protective agent on the grafting opening to prevent the damage of diseases and pests, implementing for 2-3 times, and spacing 15-20 days between the two times;
(8) Cultivation protection measures should be implemented after grafting.
2. The method for cultivating the tree body structure of the bergamot pear tree according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after grafting, implementing cultivation protection measures including bud picking, wind prevention and fertilizer and water management strengthening, wherein the bud picking means removing new and redundant young shoots growing on the seedling trunk, and the wind prevention means binding an auxiliary wood stick on the seedling trunk to fix the young shoots and preventing the young shoots on the scion from being blown off by strong wind; the fertilizer and water management is enhanced by timely irrigating and topdressing after grafting to promote the growth of the bergamot pear trees.
3. The method for cultivating the tree body structure of the bergamot pear tree according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (2) of collecting and storing the scions, preserving moisture at low temperature and storing refers to wrapping the linen for moisture preservation and storing the scions in sand at 0-5 ℃.
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Families Citing this family (5)
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| CN106613710B (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2020-03-17 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Shaping method for long and thin vertical trunk shape of pear tree |
| CN111557203A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-21 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Method for treating and curing pear trees suffering from apple branch blight |
| CN111543238B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-10-15 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Tending method for apple branch blight resistant bergamot pear trees |
| CN112586264A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-04-02 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Optimization method of bergamot pear wood |
| CN114521404A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-24 | 新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所 | Method for cultivating novel tree body structure of fragrant pear tree |
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