CN106613377A - Ancient phoebe zherman grafting, breeding and preserving method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for grafting, breeding and preserving ancient nanmu, which comprises the following steps: 1) collecting the middle and upper parts of ancient nanmu (Zhejiang nanmu and Fujian nanmu) before buds germinate between December and next February When the branches are born in the same year, after removing some leaves, take them back with wet paper and store them in wet sand; 2) The grafting time is when the rootstock buds start to germinate in February to March, and it is required that the scion buds have not germinated; 3) Use about 20cm 4) use 1-2 year-old container seedlings as rootstocks, and adopt the cutting grafting method for grafting; 5) after grafting, plant them in the soil together with containers, and make sheds and cover them with plastic films to keep moisture; 6) every 7-10 Observe once a day, with water mist or small water droplets on the film as the standard, properly spray water to maintain the humidity in the shed. About 30 days or so new buds grow out and the film on the shed is removed, and the normal water and fertilizer management is carried out. The grafting survival rate reaches 82%.

Description

A kind of grafting breeding preservation method of ancient nanmu

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of plant biotechnology, and in particular relates to a method for grafting, breeding and preserving ancient nanmu.

Background technique

Phoebe chekiangensis and P.bournei are tall trees belonging to the genus Phoebe in the Lauraceae family. They are one of the original species of "Golden Phoebe" and have high economic value. They are unique and precious tree species in subtropical regions. Naturally distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou and other places (Editorial Committee of Flora of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1982; Collaborative Group of Flora of Anhui, 1986). Its trunk is straight and beautiful, and it is a special material for high-end furniture. It is tall and green in all seasons, and it is also an excellent tree species for landscaping. Although Zhejiang Phoebe and Fujian Phoebe have high economic and ornamental value, the existing resources are very few, and most of them are ancient and famous trees that survive in Fengshui forests or temples in various places. Effective in-situ protection and off-site propagation preserve the remaining germplasm of this type of ancient Phoebe Resources have become imminent. Previous studies mostly focused on seed dormancy (Shi Xiaohua and Shi Zhongli 1990), sapling or seedling cutting experiments and tissue culture (Ye Jinshan 2013, Wang Dongguang 2013, Luo Chunping 2015, Shen Zhan 2013, Qu Fenxia 2010, etc.), seedling cultivation (Li Donglin and Xiang Qibo 2004, 2006, Wang Yi et al. 2013, Liu Zhiqiang 2001, etc.), population biodiversity (Chen Laide 2012, Wu Darong 2001, 2003, Zhou Xiangfeng 2005, Wang Tong 2000, Liu Bao 2005, etc.), plantation cultivation (Shao Mingxiao 2014, Wang Jindun 2015, Hu Yongyan 2012, Liu Bao 2013, Ou Jiande 2015, Peng Longfu, 2003; Wu Zaizhang, 2005, etc.) and ecology (Ma Mingdong et al., 2008; Wang Qi et al., 2013, Zou Huiyu 1995, Wu Darong 1997, Zou Xiuhong 2002, etc.), and how to utilize the asexual reproduction technology to effectively breed the ancient Phoebe genotypes such as Zhejiang Phoebe ancient tree and Fujian Phoebe ancient tree, but there is no report.

Both Zhejiang Nan and Fujian Nan belong to cross-pollination tree species, which mainly reproduce by seeds, and the free-pollinated offspring are bred by collecting their seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt asexual reproduction to preserve the original genotype. Existing studies only involve the use of Phoebe progeny seedlings for cutting or tissue culture experiments. And for hundreds of years big tree, ancient tree Phoebe, physiological age is big, its flowering and fruiting ability declines, and branch aging, generally can't succeed with it as cutting or tissue culture material. Theoretically speaking, tissue culture has the advantages of fast reproduction speed, maintaining the excellent genetic characteristics of the female parent, and the age of young reproductive materials. It is an optional way to achieve excellent germplasm reproduction and long-term preservation. When the large ancient Nan branches and buds are used for tissue breeding, the actual chance of success is not great. For this reason, the method of grafting and preserving ancient Phoebe genotypes was proposed for the first time and related experiments were carried out. This method is also an important method for constructing a seed orchard for grafting nanmu species to achieve early flowering and fruiting.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for grafting, breeding and preserving ancient nanmu.

The ancient nanmu grafting, breeding and preservation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

1) From December to February of the next year, before the buds germinate, collect the branches of the year in the middle and upper part of the ancient nanmu tree crown, remove some leaves, keep them moist on wet paper and bring them back, and store them in wet sand;

2) The grafting time is when the rootstock tree buds start to germinate in February to March, and the scion buds are not required to germinate;

3) Use 20-25cm pruned branches of the same year as scions; remove the base of overly long branches, and each scion must have terminal buds and corresponding side buds.

4) Use 1-2 year old Zhejiang Nan and Fujian Nan container seedlings as rootstocks, and adopt cutting grafting method for grafting;

5) After grafting, the grafted plants are artificially planted in the soil together with the container to ensure that the grafted plants can absorb water from the soil to maintain the growth state. Make a shed and cover it with a plastic film to keep it moist to ensure that the long branch scions are not easy to dry and die.

6) Observe once every 7 to 10 days. Based on the water mist or small water droplets on the film as the standard, properly spray water to maintain the humidity in the shed. When the new shoots grow, remove the film on the shed in time to carry out normal water and fertilizer management.

In one embodiment of the present invention, after the new leaves start to grow, the shed is uncovered in time, and the foliar fertilizer is added to promote growth, and it is put into the shade shed at the beginning of June for cultivation, so as to reach the growth amount of 30-40cm in that year, and cultivate into a robust of grafted seedlings.

Wherein, when collecting the spikes, remove most of the leaves and keep 4 to 5 leaves at the top of the branches.

Among them, the rootstock requires strong growth, no pests and diseases, and a ground diameter of more than 0.4 cm.

Wherein, during grafting, keep the top two and a half leaves, and remove the remaining leaves.

Wherein, the ancient nanmu is a big tree of Zhejiang nanmu or Fujian nanmu whose tree age is more than 200 years.

By adopting the grafting method of the present invention, the grafting survival rate of ancient nanmu reaches 82%. The annual grafted seedlings can reach 30-40cm, grow normally, and the branches and leaves maintain the characteristics of the original plant (ancient nanmu).

detailed description

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Different scion lengths of embodiment 1 carry out grafting test

Generally speaking, the shorter the length of the grafted scion, the better, and it is optimal to keep one full bud in most cases. After many pre-experiments, it was found that for the spikes collected from the ancient trees of Zhejiang Phoebe and Fujian Phoebe, it is almost impossible to graft them using conventional methods. For this reason, the impact of different lengths of scions on the survival rate was specifically discussed. However, as the length of the scion increases, under conventional management conditions, that is, after grafting, it is airtightly bandaged and placed under a normal shade shed for cultivation. The long branches will slowly die due to rapid water loss, while the short branches will slowly lose water. Difficult, the survival rate is not high. For this reason, the scion experiment with different lengths was carried out again after the follow-up management experiment was improved. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Effects of different lengths of scions on the survival of ancient Phoebe grafted

As shown in Table 1, the growth potential of grafted plants with short branches is obviously weak, and the survival rate is also significantly low. However, if the branches of the year with natural length (most of them) are used for grafting, many buds will be retained, generally up to 5 or more, and the growth rate will be more than 5. After less time, each bud can grow, and the whole grafted plant grows vigorously. The results showed no significant difference between Zhejiang Nan and Fujian Nan, which may be related to the biological characteristics of this genus.

Example 2 Survival rate of different parts of spike grafting

As far as ancient trees are concerned, Zhejiang Nan and Fujian Nan are the same. As the age of the tree increases, its developmental age increases, and the growth potential of the tree decreases year by year, especially in the growth of branches and leaves. The purpose of this experiment is to choose where the branches can be grafted with a relatively satisfactory survival rate and high-quality seedlings.

In the test, the cuttings collected from the lower branches of ancient Phoebe (the most convenient to collect), the middle and the upper part of the tree crown were used for grafting experiments under the same conditions. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Grafting survival rate of branches in three parts of ancient Phoebe

As shown in Table 2, the grafting survival rate of the upper branch of the crown is the highest, which is the same for the two tree species. The nutrient supply of the branches in this part is sufficient, the amount of light received is large, the growth potential is good, the branches are relatively thick, and the survival rate of grafting is the best (up to 92%). However, for the tall ancient Phoebe, it is very difficult to collect branches from this part. Generally, the middle branches are mostly collected, and its survival rate can also meet the requirements for breeding and preservation.

Embodiment 3 different picking time grafting survival rate

Generally speaking, grafting uses scion to benefit survival along with harvesting.

In this test, the stored ungerminated branches and the picked branches after sprouting were used for the test. According to the actual test results, the latter has very few surviving plants (see Table 3), and has no application value.

Table 3 Effects of different collection time of cuttings on the survival of ancient Phoebe grafted

The grafting survival rate of embodiment 4 different grafting time

Grafting time is one of the key factors affecting the survival rate. Generally, for scions with older developmental ages, their meristems are less and their regeneration ability is poor. It is necessary to explore the best grafting time to promote the generation of callus. For this reason, in addition to the spring test, the second grafting test in the Jiangnan plum rainy season and late autumn was also carried out, all of which were managed with long branches, rootstocks for container seedlings, and post-buried soil plus arched sheds for moisturizing. The results are shown in Table 4. It can be seen from Table 4 that during the grafting during the rainy season in early June, the spikes were harvested and grafted. After grafting, they were kept in a shed for moisturizing management. Due to the increase in temperature, buds, leaves blackened, and leaves fell off. Coordination experiments with conventional management also found that the buds were withered and easy to die. Callus is easy to form in this season, but the dual influence of humidity and temperature still makes it difficult to survive.

Table 4 Effects of different grafting times on the survival of ancient Phoebe grafted

Grafting survival rate of different post-grafting management modes in embodiment 5

Generally, when trees are grafted, wrap them with plastic bandages and put them under normal conditions or in a greenhouse for cultivation. Aiming at the low survival rate of grafting by this method, the present invention develops three management methods for post-grafting seedlings: conventional management (CK), bagging and moisturizing treatment after grafting, and post-grafting artificial planting and covering film moisturizing treatment. See Table 5 for the statistics of grafting survival rate after 1 month.

As shown in Table 5, after inoculation of 50 plants of each of the two tree species, three treatments were carried out, and there was little difference between the two species, but the difference among the three treatments was extremely significant. Under the condition of moisturizing and heat preservation in the shed, not only the survival rate is significantly improved, but also the growth starts early, the growth is good, and the annual growth is also large.

Table 5 Effects of different post-grafting management methods on the survival of ancient nanmu grafting

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, continuous improvement can also be made, and the grafting work is not the same as the grafting work. Technology is closely related, and these improvements should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of ancient nanmu grafting and breeding preservation method, it comprises the steps: 1) From December to February of the next year, before the buds germinate, collect the branches of the year in the middle and upper part of the ancient nanmu tree crown, remove some leaves, take them back with wet paper, and store them in wet sand; 2) The grafting time is when the rootstock tree buds start to germinate in February to March, and the scion buds are not required to germinate; 3) Use 20-25cm pruning of the year as scion; 4) Use 1-2 year old Zhejiang Nan and Fujian Nan container seedlings as rootstocks, and adopt cutting grafting method for grafting; 5) After grafting, the grafted plant and the container are artificially planted in the soil, and a shed is covered with a plastic film to keep moisture; 6) Observe once every 7 to 10 days. Based on the water mist or small water droplets on the film as the standard, properly spray water to maintain the humidity in the shed. When the new shoots grow, remove the film on the shed in time to carry out normal water and fertilizer management. 2. the ancient Phoebe grafting breeding preservation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, after new leaves begin to grow, uncover shed in time, increase foliage fertilizer to promote growth, put into shade shed to cultivate at the beginning of June, In order to achieve the growth of 30-40cm in that year, it can be cultivated into strong grafted seedlings. 3. The method for grafting, breeding and preserving ancient nanmu as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, when the spikes are collected, most of the leaves are removed, and 4 to 5 leaves at the top of the branches are kept. 4. the ancient nanmu grafting breeding preservation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, stock requires robust growth, no damage by disease and insect, and ground diameter is more than 0.4cm. 5. The method for grafting, breeding and preserving ancient Phoebe as claimed in claim 1, wherein when grafting, two and a half leaves at the top are kept, and the remaining blades are removed. 6. The method for grafting, breeding and preserving ancient Phoebe as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ancient Phoebe is a big tree of Zhejiang Phoebe or Fujian Phoebe over 200 years old.