CN104041363A - Optimization and top grafting breed change technology for litchi breed - Google Patents
Optimization and top grafting breed change technology for litchi breed Download PDFInfo
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- CN104041363A CN104041363A CN201310082002.5A CN201310082002A CN104041363A CN 104041363 A CN104041363 A CN 104041363A CN 201310082002 A CN201310082002 A CN 201310082002A CN 104041363 A CN104041363 A CN 104041363A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimization and top grafting breed change technology for the litchi breed, and belongs to the field of agricultural planting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out stion selection; (2) selecting the top grafting breed change tree age and a top grafting position; (3) selecting a scion: selecting the breed which has excellent comprehensive character and strong competitiveness and is suitable for popularizing locally; (4) carrying out cut grafting. When the optimization and top grafting breed change technology for the litchi breed, which is disclosed by the invention, is adopted, the litchi has the advantages of crisp and sweet pulp, sweet-scented osmanthus fragrance, small seed, high yield and excellent quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit raising technology field, specifically relate to a kind of Litchi Varieties and change excellent and high-grafting technology.
Background technology
Lichee originates in SOUTHERN CHINA, is subtropical fruit tree, aiphyllium, high approximately 10 meters.Pericarp is agree most fish-scale shape projections, scarlet, purplish red.Pulp produces translucent congealed fat shape when fresh, and taste is fragrant beautiful.According to < < Compendium of Materia Medica > >, carry: lichee can " quench the thirst, beneficial people's color, logical god, intelligence development, strong gas (mend brain and build body), control scrofula, knurl and go to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married etc.
In recent years, the numerous orchard workers of south China, when establishing in large scale lichee, do not grasp kind and change excellent and high-grafting technology, often cause lichee listing late, and output is lower, and quality is general, and market is bad situation also.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical deficiency, the object of this invention is to provide the combination of a kind of anvil fringe, cut-grafting branch carry out improved, can effectively improve lichee listing early, output a kind of Litchi Varieties high, quality better changes excellent and high-grafting technology.
The present invention realizes with following technical scheme:
1) combination of anvil fringe is selected: select standing grain litchi (Huaihe River branch) can make chicken mouth litchi, osmanthus taste, glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaves, white sugar small-mouthed jar, cv. Feizixiao, white cured stock.
2) the high-grafting age of tree and height connect position selection: generally with 10 years following age of trees, be applicable to high-grafting, option interface height 1-1.5 rice, thick 1-2 centimetre of anvil skill of the raw diameter of 1-2.
3) Season select: with spring and summer and early autumn high connect better.Select warm weather, avoid that rainy day, cold air are gone down south day and north wind sky.
4) scion is selected: select the kind that Comprehensive Traits is excellent, competitiveness is strong, promote suitable locality.
5) cut-grafting: the first step, at the suitable height apart from ground 1-1.5 rice, selects 1-2 centimetre of branch diameter thick, cuts under the 20-25 centimeters of branch top; Second step, smooth one the facing down of branch, about the 1.5 centimetres places cutter of splaying forward under eye, inclined-plane at 45 °; 0.015CC plastic film tape sealing wrapping for the 3rd step.
6) management of height after connecing: summer, the autumn two seasons grafting film of will anti-ant breaking by the teeth.1000 times, 40% Rogor of grafting Qian Quan garden spray or dicofol 1000 times+80% dichlorvos, after grafting, with the clean pulvis of hundred worms, spray film and trunk, the branch of interface or squirt full branch with 800 times of dicofols immediately and do and tree dish, can effectively kill ant, or with the clean pulvis of hundred worms, mix film ligature can effectively anti-ant.
Embodiment
1) combination of anvil fringe is selected: according to practical experience for many years, standing grain litchi (Huaihe River branch) can be made chicken mouth litchi, osmanthus taste, glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaves, white sugar small-mouthed jar, cv. Feizixiao, white cured stock.And make greatly anvil, connect glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaves, affinity rate is not up to more than 90%, and black leaf connects white sugar small-mouthed jar to be had more than 80% not affine.
2) the high-grafting age of tree and height connect position selection: generally with 10 years following age of trees, be applicable to high-grafting, option interface height 1-1.5 rice, thick 1-2 centimetre of anvil skill of the raw diameter of 1-2, convenient operation, survival rate is high, be conducive to rationally cultivate the tree crown skeleton that distributes and all claim, it is fast that tree crown recovers, and goes into operation also fast.After generally connecing, second and third annual bearing is gone into operation.10 years above age of trees should summer and autumn the previous year adopt blank short in thorax sprouting indefinite bud make basal shoot, spring and summer grafting in next year.Select proper site, many grafting bar easily to cultivate tree crown rational in infrastructure, be shaped soon, early go into operation, early recover output.
3) Season select: the 2-4 month temperature in early spring is stabilized in more than 16 ℃, 20 ℃ of above graft survival rates of daily mean temperature are higher, this grafting in period advantage is that to survive the rear current growth phase long, 1 year can 4-5 tip of pumping, it is fast that tree crown recovers, and ant infestations is few, shortcoming is often to occur low temperature overcast and rainy day and north wind sky, temperature instability, has certain influence to lichee survival rate, (has Hua Sui) and select scion more difficult on Adult Litchi bearing-age tree.
The 5-6 month of spring and summer, temperature is below 35 ℃, and it is high that daily mean temperature is stabilized in 25-28 ℃ of graft survival rate, and advantage is that temperature is more stable, and a fine day gas is many, has a large amount of spring tips to enrich aging to lichee, is convenient to choose scion.Shortcoming is that ant and damage by disease and insect are many.
The 8-9 month in early autumn, it is higher that temperature does not surpass 35 ℃ of survival rates, and this phase grafting then also can long 2-3 young sprout, but need careful anti-ant evil, and will stay suitable " drawing water " branch.
In the October in late fall, this phase temperature is more suitable, and fine day is many, and survival rate is higher, but general long 1-2 young sprout only then after grafting survival is easily subject to Cold Dew wind, north wind and frost damage, and ant evil is also serious.
In sum, lichee requires temperature relatively higher, generally with spring and summer and early autumn high connecing better.No matter be which favorable season high-grafting, all should select warm weather, avoid that rainy day, cold air are gone down south day and north wind sky.Spring connects should not be early, carry out during late low temperature, and Xia Qiugao connects and avoids burning sun high temperature at noon.In addition after rain, soil is crossed wet or low temperature overcast and rainy day weather, also unsuitable grafting.
4) scion is selected: select the kind that Comprehensive Traits is excellent, competitiveness is strong, promote suitable locality.From pure, high yield, healthy and strong maternal plant, choose tree crown peripheral middle and upper part growth and enrich, eye is full, aging branch, take eye by sprout or just sprouted as excellent, with good conditionsi can pinching in advance urgees to adopt when eye is sprouted scion, better effects if.Scion should be with adopting with connecing, and way as far away in need transportation, can select leaf to wrap up additional wet towel or liver moss Pu pad, and shady and cool place is placed in packed in cases.
5) cut-grafting method: the first step is at the suitable height apart from ground 1-1.5 rice, select branch to distribute rationally, all claim, diameter 1-2 is centimetre thick, under the 20-25 centimeters of branch top, cut, straight, shiny surface is corresponding upward cuts inclined-plane at 45 ° in choosing, then below inclined-plane, along cortex and xylem, have a common boundary and indulge partial application downwards, length is long depending on buddering.Be generally 1-2 centimetre.
Second step, cut scion: smooth one the facing down of branch, about the 1.5 centimetres places cutter of splaying forward under eye, inclined-plane at 45 °.Then by scion upset, make even surface upward, below eye, be slightly with the wooden straight cortex of pruning forward, cut face length degree corresponding with stock tangent plane, stay 2-3 bud to cut off, then the long tangent plane of the scion cutting is inserted in anvil face otch, the formation layer between anvil fringe is aimed at.
The 3rd step, whipping, with 0.015CC plastic film tape sealing wrapping.
Make the tree vigo(u)r of stock and want healthy and strong, weak tree can impose fertilizer one time before one month, favourable raising graft survival rate.
6) management of height after connecing: summer, the autumn two seasons grafting film of will anti-ant breaking by the teeth.1000 times, 40% Rogor of grafting Qian Quan garden spray or dicofol 1000 times+80% dichlorvos, after grafting, with the clean pulvis of hundred worms, spray film and trunk, the branch of interface or squirt full branch with 800 times of dicofols immediately and do and tree dish, can effectively kill ant, or with the clean pulvis of hundred worms, mix film ligature can effectively anti-ant.
Diseases prevention worm: height connects after 15-20 days, budder and sprout rupture of membranes and go out, note timely desinsection, diseases prevention, and usable highly effective goes out and hundred can doubly prevent and treat by 800 times+raw greatly M600 of 1500 times+chlorophos.
Whether benefit connects: about 20 days, check and survive, as the benefit not surviving connects.
Remove stock bud: after high-grafting, stock is sprouted indefinite bud, can strive nutrient with scion, should erase in time.
Uncord: uncord in time afterwards young sprout is for the first time aging, in order to avoid ligature film is absorbed in branch.
Anti-blow-open splits: after uncording, will with ligature, add fixed interface bottom in time, the greatly different in size available bamboo cane of anvil fringe is held up support or closed bundle, in case tear after strong wind and heavy rain.After healing fully firmly, remove again.
Trimming and finishing: after high-grafting, young sprout growth is fast, and easily excessive growth, stays 25-30 centimeter length cutting back to urge branch.Each group is stayed 2-3 the reasonably healthy and strong branch that distributes, and unnecessary removes, and after height is connected into and lives, wipes out in time " branch draws water " of stock tree.
Orchard management: before and after high-grafting, orchard weed will be rooted out in time, according to tree vigo(u)r situation, strengthens rich water quality management, guarantees that tree vigo(u)r is healthy and strong, recovers as early as possible tree crown, strives for early going into operation.
Claims (4)
1. Litchi Varieties changes an excellent and high-grafting technology, it is characterized in that, specific as follows:
(1) combination of anvil fringe is selected: standing grain litchi (Huaihe River branch) can be made chicken mouth litchi, osmanthus taste, glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaves, white sugar small-mouthed jar, cv. Feizixiao, white cured stock.
(2) the high-grafting age of tree and height connect position selection: with 10 years following age of trees, be applicable to high-grafting, option interface height 1-1.5 rice, thick 1-2 centimetre of anvil skill of the raw diameter of 1-2.
(3) scion is selected: select the kind that Comprehensive Traits is excellent, competitiveness is strong, promote suitable locality.
2. according to the Litchi Varieties described in right 1, change excellent and high-grafting technology, it is characterized in that: the high-grafting first step, apart from the suitable height of ground 1-1.5 rice, selects 1-2 centimetre of branch diameter thick, under the 20-25 centimeters of branch top, cuts.
3. according to the Litchi Varieties described in right 1, change excellent and high-grafting technology, it is characterized in that: high-grafting second step, smooth one the facing down of branch, under eye, locate to splay forward a cutter, inclined-plane at 45 ° for about 1.5 centimetres.
4. according to the Litchi Varieties described in right 1, change excellent and high-grafting technology, it is characterized in that: 0.015CC plastic film tape sealing wrapping for high-grafting the 3rd step.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310082002.5A CN104041363A (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2013-03-15 | Optimization and top grafting breed change technology for litchi breed |
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| CN201310082002.5A CN104041363A (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2013-03-15 | Optimization and top grafting breed change technology for litchi breed |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104521574A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-22 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Soapberry high-position grafting method |
| CN109089684A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-12-28 | 广西陆川县兰辉农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of lichee |
| CN110558135A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-13 | 东莞植物园 | method for constructing improved litchi variety cutting orchard by using aged litchi orchard |
| CN111657037A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-15 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Litchi branch seedling circle method for changing original variety of litchi |
-
2013
- 2013-03-15 CN CN201310082002.5A patent/CN104041363A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104521574A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-22 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Soapberry high-position grafting method |
| CN109089684A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-12-28 | 广西陆川县兰辉农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of lichee |
| CN110558135A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-13 | 东莞植物园 | method for constructing improved litchi variety cutting orchard by using aged litchi orchard |
| CN111657037A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-15 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Litchi branch seedling circle method for changing original variety of litchi |
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Application publication date: 20140917 |