CN104871767A - Cultivation method for high yield of pimento - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for high yield of pimento. The cultivation method the steps of land preparation, fertilizing, ridging, seedling growing and field planting and specifically includes: applying 3000kg of rotten barnyard manure in each mu of land; making ridges of 1.1m in width according to width of a greenhouse; performing field planting when seedlings grow to have six leaves and one heart, and eliminating weak seedlings and diseased seedlings during field planting. Proper field management is performed in the process of cultivation and includes temperature and humidity management, illuminance management, pruning and tendril hanging, and pest prevention and control. Pimento planted by the cultivation method is high in yield and quality, simple and convenient in seedling growing method and low in seedling growing cost, and flower falling can be avoided; through proper field production management comprehensive technology, pimento has exuberant vitality and high pest resistance, commodity grade is improved, continuous marketing of pimento is facilitated, and local economic benefit is increased greatly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to implantation methods field, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method of pimento.
Background technology
Dish green pepper (formal name used at school: Capsicum annuum var. grossum) is commonly called as bell pepper, green pepper, pimento, Formosan is young also referred to as large cylinder, be a mutation of Solanaceae Capsicum capsicum, be distributed in the various places, north and south of China's Mainland, belong to " unartificial introducing and planting " type plant.Compared with common large green pepper, taste is not peppery or atomic peppery, selects crust consolidation, surperficial glossiness pimento as well.Pimento is the vegetables being applicable to very much eating something rare, and is powerful antioxidant containing enriching Vitamin C and B and carotin, can anti-cataract, cardiopathy and cancer.Redder pimento nutrition is more, and contained Vitamin C outclass other citrus fruits, so be comparatively applicable to eating something rare.Pimento can also antipyretic, analgesia, anti-cancer, increase appetite, lipopenicillinase, fat-reducing etc.Because it is emerald green bright-coloured, the kind newly cultivated is the multiple color such as red, yellow, purple in addition, therefore not only can have a dish of one's own, is also widely used in garnishes.
China's Sweet Pepper Varieties aboundresources, introduces according to " China's Vegetable improved seeds " and has 65 kinds, also have many famous products to enjoy great prestige abroad, have a large amount of outlet every year.In recent years, along with the development of plastic canopy cultivation ahead of time, pimento has had large-area development in China various places.According to 1989 " Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations produces yearbook ", the production area of China's pimento was 16.8 ten thousand h m2, and account for 15.89% of world's pimento production area, gross yield is 202.2 ten thousand t, accounts for 20.07% of world's pimento gross yield.
The major area of current China various places plantation pimento is northeast, North China, and East China and southeastern coast each province, northwest and Meng-xin also have part to plant in addition, introduce each department principal item distribution situation below respectively.
1. the Northeast
Local area comprises Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning San Sheng, belongs to high latitude area.Physical features mostly is Plain, fertile soil, is rich in organic matter, mostly is chernozem; Winter climate is cold, and frost-free season only has 90 ~ 165 days, and most area can not at open country plant the vegetables such as pimento in 1 year 7 months nearly, therefore to lack dish more serious in Winter-Spring.In recent years, owing to promoting plastic tunnel and plastic film mulching cultivation, pimento area under cultivation expands to some extent.This area cultivation principal item has: distant green pepper No. 3, lucky green pepper No. 2, lucky agriculture side green pepper, nine green pepper No. 1, red flag side green pepper, logical green pepper No. 3, logical green pepper No. 4, imperial green pepper No. 1, imperial green pepper No. 2, crane green pepper No. 1, Shen green pepper No. 1 etc.
2. North China
Local area comprises the northern territory that (city) and Jiangsu and Anhui are economized in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi etc.
Local area physical features is open and flat, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, irrigation convenience, is pimento cultivation emphasis district.Because local area spring temperature is lower, 7, August then high temperature and rainy, so the reason such as the pimento of field planting in spring is often because of high temperature and rainy, and disease, damage caused by waterlogging are heavier, often cause the dead seedling of pimento, thus cause production declining.In recent years due to development plastic tunnel and plastic film mulching cultivation, output is increased.This area Main Cultivation Pin Cheng agricultural university 40, agriculture are sent out, sweet assorted No. 3, middle green pepper No. 4, Tianjin green pepper No., seaflower No. 3, No. mono-, Mu Nong, with rich No. 37, sweet assorted No. 6,9387 pimentos etc.
3. Central China, East China
Local area comprises the areas such as province (city) and the Anhui such as Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai, South of Jiangsu Province, the north, Fujian Province.Local area physioclimate feature is positioned at the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, has Plain and hilly and mountainous land concurrently, and region of no relief mainly comprises Yangtze Delta Plain, Jianghan Plain and Dongtinghu Plain.Hilly and mountainous land is wider with low mountains and hills area.The mean annual rainfall in this area is at 750 ~ 1000mm.Summer temp is high, but there is frost and snow in winter.Local area Main Cultivars: Qianmen pimento, early rich No. 1, Hunan green pepper No. 7, Hunan green pepper No. 8 etc.
4. South China
Local area comprises the southern areas in province (district) and the Fujian such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan, is pimento cultivation emphasis district.Local area is based on hills.Rainfall is abundant, temperature is high, substantially without frost and snow, l month mean temperature was more than 12 DEG C, because the season of growth is long winter, within 1 year, pimento can be cultivated repeatedly, but because summer temp is elevated to more than 30 ~ 35 DEG C, often cause some obstacles by a high temperature, therefore in recent years, develop and sheltered from heat or light, spray and puddle cultivation, and have selected some heat resistant varieties.Local area Main Cultivars: middle green pepper No. 5, seaflower No. 3, No. 8, agricultural university, Ji green pepper No. 1, with rich No. 37 etc.
5. the Northwest
Local area comprises the ground such as Shaanxi Province, central arid belt in Ningxia and the middle and south, Gansu Province, local area north and south latitude difference 11 degree more than, and weather is quite complicated, Guanzhong area warmer climate, fertile soil, and water conservancy construction condition is good, and it is convenient to irrigate.Main pimento cultivar has: two snoots, with rich No. 37, precocious No. 3, No. 8, Haifeng county, the happy pimento of agriculture etc.
6. illiteracy, newly area
Local area comprises the ground such as Gansu, the Inner Mongol, Xinjiang, has continental weather.Air oxygen detrition, sunny, rainfall is few, and annual rainfall is at below 100mm.Winter is cold and the summer is hot, and day and night temperature is very large.Main pimento cultivar has: Qianmen pimento, agricultural university 40, seaflower No. 3, Bayan etc.
The main area of pimento formed concentrate, in flakes, specialized large area producing region, because crop is single, continuous cropping year after year, poor by field of vegetables infrastructure again, anti-disaster ability is low, and produce yearbook according to Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations in 1989, China sweet (peppery) green pepper yield per unit area is 804.8kg(667m2), lower by 42.46% than Japan, be only 10.83% of Holland of world unit area output the highest country.Pimento production distribution area, various places is wide, and between each department, planting technology levels is unbalanced, and it is low that output has height to have.Many local producing region many employings open country ridge planting direct-seedings, seedling raising and transplanting area is little, and lack ripe supporting culture technique specification and coach, certain areas produce because of extensive management, and the improper loss caused of cultivation step is very serious.In some old producing regions, continuous cropping plantation causes pest species increasing year after year, and the extent of injury increases the weight of day by day, peasant continues to increase planting density for asking high yield, excessively uses chemical fertilizer, lacks experience in the capsicum extermination of disease and insect pest, lack the scientific and normal techniques of pest control to instruct, blindly medication, arbitrarily strengthens dosage aborning, uses illegal drug, cause control efficiency poor, yield of hot pepper reduces, and quality declines, and capsicum product Detecting Pesticide exceeds standard.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the cultivation method that a kind of pimento is got bumper crops, the Yield of Sweet Pepper high-quality of plantation is good, and seedling-cultivating method is easy, seedling cost is low, and can avoid fallen flowers, by appropriate field production management complex art, it is made to possess vigorous vitality and diseases and insect pests resistance, improve commercial grade, be conducive to product and go on the market continuously, substantially increase local economy benefit.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A cultivation method for pimento high yield, comprise wholely, fertilising, bedding, nursery and field planting, select that physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage good, organic abundant sandy loam or loam are cultivated, and its cultivation method comprises the following steps:
A. wholely, fertilising: every mu of barnyard manure of executing to become thoroughly decomposed 3000 kilograms, or 100 ~ 200 kilograms, the cake fertilizer fermented.Can do the furrow of 1.1 meters wide according to booth width, every furrow open Liang Tiaogou, and executing nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 50 kilograms for every mu in ditch, is anti-excessive growth, and evenly applies short Feng Ling 1.5 kilograms in ditch, to promote root of hair, and Spindling control.Prop up 15 ~ 20 centimetres of high furrow, in matrix, then use black film mulching, furrow face is tightened, and both sides pressure is tight;
B. seedbed management: after 2 ~ 3 days tidy seedlings outputs, remove plastic foil, before rainfall by film cover on Small plastic shed, prevent seedling to be caught in the rain, after emerging, note ventilating, fly net must press, spray water with sprayer when temperature is more than 35 DEG C and to lower the temperature on sunshade net, when seedling grows to 6 leaf 1 heart, get final product field planting;
C. field planting: until seedling now large flower bud time, field planting is carried out after when selection cloudy day or fine day 16, eliminate weak seedling, sick seedling during field planting, nutritive cube will be handled with care, keeps not loose and sticks together, what adopt plastic mulching wants first perforating, then water within the eye, top water plants seedling, and water oozes lower in time good for seedling cave grave, prevent moisture evaporation and ground temperature from increasing, every mu can field planting 6000 ~ 8000 strain.
The cultivation of pimento high yield comprises field management:
1) temperature and humidity management, temperature controls at 25 DEG C to 30 DEG C daytime, is the highlyest no more than 32 DEG C, is minimumly not less than 20 DEG C, controls night at 16 DEG C to 18 DEG C;
2) illumination management, the most handy sunshade net when illumination is crossed strong, severe winter will hang up Reflecting curtain, improves illumination condition, often clean face, improves light transmittance, under the prerequisite ensureing temperature, will take off late lid as early as possible to cover with mat, increase the sunshine time, cloudy, snow sky is wanted garland to cover with mat to see light;
3) combine to water to chase after after delaying seedling and once carry seed manure, about 10 kilograms, every mu of urea, carry out second time when the door green pepper walnut size of most of plant to topdress, every mu of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15 kilograms, 10 kilograms, urea, often within 10-15 days, chase after disposable fertilizer later, topdressing amount is the same, must water during each fertilising or after fertilising;
4) prevent fallen flowers, flowering stage is stained with flower with composite plant growth regulator;
5) prune with hang climing, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 2 to 3 climing branches of master, be advisable with 7 every square metre, the lateral bud that door green pepper bud and radical leaves bear is dredged early and is gone, from the 4th, 5 joints, stay green pepper, based on major branch knot green pepper, remove side shoot in time, middle part side shoot can pinching after staying 1 green pepper, and every strain has remained that 2 to 3 branches upwards grow later, generally do not earth up, hang strain for pre-lodging-prevention many employings plastic ties and fix;
6) extermination of disease and insect pest strengthens cultural control, rationally carry out environment conditioning, promote robust plant growth, carry out sprinkling control with 75% tpn wetting powder, 600 times of liquid or 70% Zineb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, after spray medicine, bed humidity is excessive, can spread fertilizer over the fields ash or fine earth, to reduce humidity, in addition, to the potassium permanganate liquid connecting spray 3 800 ~ l000 times of liquid of emerging after broadcasting, protection effect is good.
Controlling disease is damping off 1.: 450 ~ 550 times of liquid sprayings of their early stage the most handy 60% ~ 68% Wakil+mancozeb, also can spray with 70% ~ 80% tpn wettable powder, 550 ~ 650 times of liquid.2. epidemic disease: spray blade face, basal part of stem and ground, to prevent disease infestation with 65% ~ 75% mancozeb wettable powder, 450 ~ 550 times of liquid before field planting sequela.Their early stage with 40% ~ 50% tpn aerosol fumigation, every 6 ~ 12 days smoked 1 time, can connect smoked 2 ~ 3 times, aerosol consumption 200 grams/acre; Also can spray with 4% ~ 12% tpn dust agent, every spray in 6 ~ 12 days 1 time, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times, dust agent consumption 900 grams/acre.3. anthracnose.Their early stage can select 70% ~ 80% tpn wetting powder, 450 ~ 650 times of liquid or 350 ~ 450 times of liquid sprayings of 70% ~ 80% mancozeb wettable powder, every spray in 3 ~ 10 days 1 time, connects spray 2 ~ 3 times.
Pest control is aphid 1.: select 3000 ~ 5000 times of liquid sprayings of 45% ~ 55% domestic Aphox wetting powder.2. yellow tea mite: select 50% ~ 60% mite except emulsion for cleaning 1000 ~ 2500 times of liquid sprayings.3. oriental tobacco budworm: select 1500 ~ 4500 times of liquid sprayings of 1% ~ 3% time missible oil in the larvae hatch phase, every 5 ~ 8 days 1 time, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the cultivation method of pimento of the present invention high yield, fruit shape is upright and large, peel smooth, and pulp is thick, and pulp thickness reaches 5 to 7 millimeters, single fruit weight 200 to 400 grams, maximumly reaches 500 grams;
2, the cultivation method of pimento high yield of the present invention, mouthfeel is sweet crisp, is of high nutritive value, and plant growing way is strong, and disease resistance is strong, and output is high;
3, the cultivation method of pimento high yield of the present invention, adopts training and hangs climing, can coordinate to nourish and grow and reproductive growth, playing the advantage that fruit is large;
4, the cultivation method of pimento of the present invention high yield, through testing for many years, fruit is nontoxic, best in quality, and meat is fine and smooth, mouthfeel is good, and vitamin and calcium, iron, manganese are high;
5, the cultivation method of pimento high yield of the present invention, output is high, adopts the pimento of this cultivation method output compared with conventional method at least to increase by 100%.
Embodiment
A cultivation method for pimento high yield, comprise wholely, fertilising, bedding, nursery and field planting, select that physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage good, organic abundant sandy loam or loam are cultivated, and its cultivation method comprises the following steps:
A. wholely, fertilising: every mu of barnyard manure of executing to become thoroughly decomposed 3000 kilograms, or 100 ~ 200 kilograms, cake fertilizer.Can do the furrow of 1.1 meters wide according to booth width, every furrow open Liang Tiaogou, and executing nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 50 kilograms for every mu in ditch, is anti-excessive growth, and evenly applies short Feng Ling 1.5 kilograms in ditch, to promote root of hair, and Spindling control.Prop up 15 ~ 20 centimetres of high furrow, in matrix, then use black film mulching, furrow face is tightened, and both sides pressure is tight;
B. seedbed management: after 2 ~ 3 days tidy seedlings outputs, remove plastic foil, before rainfall by film cover on Small plastic shed, prevent seedling to be caught in the rain, after emerging, note ventilating, fly net must press, spray water with sprayer when temperature is more than 35 DEG C and to lower the temperature on sunshade net, when seedling grows to 6 leaf 1 heart, get final product field planting;
C. field planting: until seedling now large flower bud time, field planting is carried out after when selection cloudy day or fine day 16, eliminate weak seedling, sick seedling during field planting, nutritive cube will be handled with care, keeps not loose and sticks together, what adopt plastic mulching wants first perforating, then water within the eye, top water plants seedling, and water oozes lower in time good for seedling cave grave, prevent moisture evaporation and ground temperature from increasing, every mu can field planting 6000 ~ 8000 strain.
The cultivation of pimento high yield comprises field management:
1) temperature and humidity management, temperature controls at 25 DEG C to 30 DEG C daytime, is the highlyest no more than 32 DEG C, is minimumly not less than 20 DEG C, controls night at 16 DEG C to 18 DEG C;
2) illumination management, the most handy sunshade net when illumination is crossed strong, severe winter will hang up Reflecting curtain, improves illumination condition, often clean face, improves light transmittance, under the prerequisite ensureing temperature, will take off late lid as early as possible to cover with mat, increase the sunshine time, cloudy, snow sky is wanted garland to cover with mat to see light;
3) combine to water to chase after after delaying seedling and once carry seed manure, about 10 kilograms, every mu of urea, carry out second time when the door green pepper walnut size of most of plant to topdress, every mu of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15 kilograms, 10 kilograms, urea, often within 10-15 days, chase after disposable fertilizer later, topdressing amount is the same, must water during each fertilising or after fertilising;
4) prevent fallen flowers, flowering stage is stained with flower with composite plant growth regulator;
5) prune with hang climing, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 2 to 3 climing branches of master, be advisable with 7 every square metre, the lateral bud that door green pepper bud and radical leaves bear is dredged early and is gone, from the 4th, 5 joints, stay green pepper, based on major branch knot green pepper, remove side shoot in time, middle part side shoot can pinching after staying 1 green pepper, and every strain has remained that 2 to 3 branches upwards grow later, generally do not earth up, hang strain for pre-lodging-prevention many employings plastic ties and fix;
A. 6) extermination of disease and insect pest strengthens cultural control, rationally carry out environment conditioning, promote robust plant growth, carry out sprinkling control with 75% tpn wetting powder, 600 times of liquid or 70% Zineb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, after spray medicine, bed humidity is excessive, can spread fertilizer over the fields ash or fine earth, to reduce humidity, in addition, to the potassium permanganate liquid connecting spray 3 800 ~ l000 times of liquid of emerging after broadcasting, protection effect is good.
Conventional pimento of cultivating compared with the pimento phenophase that the inventive method is cultivated
Table 1
From table 1, conventional cultivate the pimento that pimento and the inventive method cultivate to the green pepper early flowering season, the ripe phase that green pepper begun, to green pepper vegetative period, contain the receipts phase, the whole receipts phase is more or less the same.
Conventional pimento of cultivating compares with the pimento commodity property that the inventive method is cultivated:
Table 2
From table 2, the pimento fruit pulp of the inventive method cultivation is thicker, and fruit shape index is good, fruit mass weight.
Conventional pimento of cultivating compares with the Yield of Sweet Pepper that the inventive method is cultivated
Table 3
From table 3, the pimento fruit number of the inventive method cultivation is many, and per mu yield is high.
The cultivation method of pimento high yield of the present invention, pimento can be made to possess vigorous vitality and diseases and insect pests resistance, and the Yield of Sweet Pepper of cultivation is high, quality good, and seedling-cultivating method is easy.
Application implementation case:
The soil of Hengxian County, the plantation of benign climate pimento, for 2011, several peasant households are market-oriented on plant husbandry is produced, adjust oneself crop mix, take the lead in oneself contracted field, planted pimento, adopt the cultivation method that pimento of the present invention is got bumper crops, comprise wholely, fertilising, bedding, nursery and field planting, join every mu of barnyard manure of executing to become thoroughly decomposed 3000 kilograms, the furrow of 1.1 meters wide can be done according to booth width, when seedling grows to 6 leaf 1 heart, get final product field planting, during field planting, eliminate weak seedling, sick seedling.Cultivating process carries out suitable field management, comprises temperature and humidity management, illumination management, prunes and hangs climing, extermination of disease and insect pest etc.To adding up after autumn, average yield per mu pimento more than 8000 jin, mu benefit reaches 2560 yuan, removes mu and drops into 110.00 yuan, mu net income 2450 yuan.Output ratio in this plant husbandry, reaches top standard in locality.
Claims (2)
1. a cultivation method for pimento high yield, comprise wholely, fertilising, bedding, nursery and field planting, it is characterized in that: select that physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage good, organic abundant sandy loam or loam are cultivated, and its cultivation method comprises the following steps:
Wholely, fertilising: every mu of barnyard manure of executing to become thoroughly decomposed 3000 kilograms, or 100 ~ 200 kilograms, the cake fertilizer fermented, the furrow of 1.1 meters wide can be done according to booth width, every furrow open Liang Tiaogou, and executing nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 50 kilograms for every mu in ditch, is anti-excessive growth, and evenly apply short Feng Ling 1.5 kilograms in ditch, to promote root of hair, Spindling control, prop up 15 ~ 20 centimetres of high furrow, in matrix, then use black film mulching, furrow face is tightened, and both sides pressure is tight;
Seedbed management: after 2 ~ 3 days tidy seedlings outputs, remove plastic foil, before rainfall by film cover on Small plastic shed, prevent seedling to be caught in the rain, after emerging, note ventilating, fly net must press, spray water with sprayer when temperature is more than 35 DEG C and to lower the temperature on sunshade net, when seedling grows to 6 leaf 1 heart, get final product field planting;
Field planting: until seedling now large flower bud time, field planting is carried out after when selection cloudy day or fine day 16, eliminate weak seedling, sick seedling during field planting, nutritive cube will be handled with care, keeps not loose and sticks together, what adopt plastic mulching wants first perforating, then water within the eye, top water plants seedling, and water oozes lower in time good for seedling cave grave, prevent moisture evaporation and ground temperature from increasing, every mu can field planting 6000 ~ 8000 strain.
2. the cultivation method that your line eggplant of fan is got bumper crops according to claim l, be further characterized in that: cultivation comprises field management: 1) temperature and humidity management, temperature controls at 25 DEG C to 30 DEG C daytime, is the highlyest no more than 32 DEG C, minimumly be not less than 20 DEG C, control night at 16 DEG C to 18 DEG C; 2) illumination management, the most handy sunshade net when illumination is crossed strong, severe winter will hang up Reflecting curtain, improves illumination condition, often clean face, improves light transmittance, under the prerequisite ensureing temperature, will take off late lid as early as possible to cover with mat, increase the sunshine time, cloudy, snow sky is wanted garland to cover with mat to see light; 3) combine to water to chase after after delaying seedling and once carry seed manure, about 10 kilograms, every mu of urea, carry out second time when the door green pepper walnut size of most of plant to topdress, every mu of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15 kilograms, 10 kilograms, urea, often within 10-15 days, chase after disposable fertilizer later, topdressing amount is the same, must water during each fertilising or after fertilising; 4) prevent fallen flowers, flowering stage is stained with flower with composite plant growth regulator; 5) prune with hang climing, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 2 to 3 climing branches of master, be advisable with 7 every square metre, the lateral bud that door green pepper bud and radical leaves bear is dredged early and is gone, from the 4th, 5 joints, stay green pepper, based on major branch knot green pepper, remove side shoot in time, middle part side shoot can pinching after staying 1 green pepper, and every strain has remained that 2 to 3 branches upwards grow later, generally do not earth up, hang strain for pre-lodging-prevention many employings plastic ties and fix;
6) extermination of disease and insect pest strengthens cultural control, rationally carry out environment conditioning, promote robust plant growth, carry out sprinkling control with 75% tpn wetting powder, 600 times of liquid or 70% Zineb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, after spray medicine, bed humidity is excessive, can spread fertilizer over the fields ash or fine earth, to reduce humidity, in addition, to the potassium permanganate liquid connecting spray 3 800 ~ l000 times of liquid of emerging after broadcasting, protection effect is good.
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| CN106212029A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-14 | 莆田市意达技术开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Pepper in Greenhouse |
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| CN105850285A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-08-17 | 五河县顺鹏农副产品有限公司 | Method for culturing strong seedlings of pimentos in large batch |
| CN106212029A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-14 | 莆田市意达技术开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Pepper in Greenhouse |
| CN107295894A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-10-27 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | A kind of pimento cultural method |
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