CN102948362A - Breeding method of low temperature resistant balsam pear - Google Patents
Breeding method of low temperature resistant balsam pear Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a breeding method of low temperature resistant balsam pear, belonging to the technical field of plant breeding. Selfing separation and eight-generation directional selection are carried out by using the balsam pear hybrid variety, 'Hengza No.1', produced by Hunan Hengyang Defengyuan Deeds Industry Co., Ltd, so as to obtain the strong female line of balsam pear, HZ008. The local variety of Guangdong, 'ultralong green balsam pear', is taken as the initial material, and after six-generation directional section, the selfing line of the balsam pear, TC-006, with strong low temperature resistant capacity is obtained. The first generation of hybrid balsam pear, Xiuyu No.1, is prepared by taking strong female line of balsam pear, HZ008, a female parent, and the selfing line of the balsam pear, TC-006, as a male parent, and belongs to the first hybrid generation of green tangerine peel bar type low temperature resistant balsam pears; and the low temperature resistant balsam pear has the advantages that the low temperature resisting capacity is strong, the growth is normal in the condition of protected area in fall and winter, the prematurity is good, the section rate of female flower is high, the evenness is high, and the commodity is good, thereby being suitable for cultivation in facility protecting areas and exposed areas of Yangtze river basin and the area in the north f Yangtze river basin.
Description
One, technical field
The breeding method of a kind of low temperature resistant balsam pear of the present invention belongs to field of plant variety breeding technology, is exclusively used in the low temperature resistant balsam pear hybrid of the long clavate rascal of seed selection.
Two, background technology
Balsam pear originates in the Tropical Asian area, import China into from south, so south China each province balsam pear area under cultivation is larger, is one of southern area vegetables.In recent years, along with continuous expansion and the balsam pear of protection ground, all parts of the country area under cultivation are more and more accepted by consumers in general as a kind of health-care vegetable, many peasants in protection ground, carry out off-season cultivation, in the hope of increasing the benefit with the balsam pear kind.
Because balsam pear originates in the Tropical Asian area; its specific geographical environment causes most balsam pear germplasm materials or kind to have preferably warm tolerance; yet; lower temperature resistance as the cultivation of protection ground is then relatively poor; causing the kind of present China balsam pear protection ground cultivation also mainly is common variety; not only affect output, and quality is also produced larger impact.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem
It is not enough to the present invention is directed to existing Varieties of Balsam Pear low temperature tolerance ability, and the problem of facilities protection ground kind shortage provides a kind of breeding method of low temperature resistant balsam pear, selects to be fit to Varieties of Balsam Pear dirty in the Changjiang river and that cultivate on northern area facilities protection ground.
Technical scheme
A kind of breeding method of low temperature resistant balsam pear comprises:
1) utilize the balsam pear Hybrid " assorted No. one of weighing apparatus " of De Feng source, Hengyang, Hunan Province city kind industry Co., Ltd to carry out individual plant selfing, proceed individual plant selfing from F2 for beginning to carry out directed female flower joint rate height in the colony, the first female flower joint low individual plant selected, through directed selection of 8 generations, obtain the strong female series HZ008 that the balsam pear prematurity is good, female flower joint rate is high.Inbred line HZ008 prematurity is good, the first female flower joint position low (the first female flower joint position=3～4 joints), female flower joint rate high (main climing female flower is no less than 20 in 30 joints), the long clavate of fruit, fruit shoulder fruit pushes up blunt circle, the long 45cm of fruit, the thick 6-8cm of fruit, fruit knurl circle, the fruit rib is continuous, fruit colour white, single fruit weight 450g～500g, the plant growing way is more prosperous.
2) take Guangdong landrace " the green balsam pear of speciality " as starting material, utilizing climatic cabinate to carry out low temperature (day/night: 10 ℃/5 ℃) seedling stage processed 7 days, select the strong individual plant of low temperature tolerance ability to carry out selfing, the self progeny is proceeded low temperature tolerance ability evaluation and selection, through directed selection of 6 generations, obtain the strong balsam pear inbred line TC006 of low temperature tolerance ability.Balsam pear inbred line TC006 low temperature tolerance ability is strong, the first female flower joint position high (the first female flower joint position=13～15 joints), fruit belongs to large top type, and the fruit shoulder is flat, fruit is top, the long 30-35cm of fruit, the thick 8-10cm of fruit, the knurl of having no result, the fruit rib is continuously thick, the fruit colour bottle green, single fruit weight 450g～500g, the plant growing way is prosperous.
3) the strong female series HZ008 of the balsam pear take preserving number as CGMCC NO.6255 does maternally, and the balsam pear inbred line TC006 take the strong preserving number of low temperature tolerance ability as CGMCC NO.6256 does the formulated balsam pear crossbreed of male parent.This crossbreed is named and is " elegant beautiful No. 1 ".
Beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, a kind of low temperature resistant balsam pear breeding method of the present invention has following advantage and good effect:
Adopt a kind of low temperature resistant balsam pear breeding method provided by the present invention; improved variety " elegant beautiful No. one " is the low temperature resistant balsam pear first generation of hybrid of the bar-shaped rascal class of length of the up-to-date seed selection of Inst of vegetables, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, can be used for cultivating under the Yangtze river basin and the northern area facilities protection ground condition.
This Different Varieties is consistent, and hybrid rate reaches more than 99%, field performance neat and consistent; New varieties low temperature tolerance ability strong (under 15 ℃ of conditions, can normal growth grow), the first female flower joint position low (the first female flower joint position=7～8 joints), female flower joint rate high (main climing female flower is no less than 15 in 30 joints), the long clavate of fruit, fruit shoulder fruit pushes up blunt circle, long 40～the 45cm of fruit, thick 6～the 8cm of fruit, fruit knurl circle, the fruit rib is semicontinuous, fruit colour is emerald green, glossy, the about 450g of single fruit weight, the plant growing way is prosperous.Strong female kind determines easily to obtain high and stable output, and economic flow rate is high, reaches 5000～6000kg/667m2; Commodity is good, quality better.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1: HZ008(is left); TC006(is right)
Fig. 2: elegant beautiful No. 1 single melon (left side); Produce model field (right side) elegant beautiful No. 1
Biological preservation
HZ008 is balsam pear (Momordica charantia), be preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center on June 28th, 2012, No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, address, Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica, preserving number is CGMCCNO.6255.
TC006 is balsam pear (Momordica charantia), be preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center on June 28th, 2012, No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, address, Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica, preserving number is CGMCC NO.6256.
Five, embodiment
A kind of breeding method of low temperature resistant balsam pear comprises:
1) utilize the balsam pear Hybrid " assorted No. one of weighing apparatus " of De Feng source, Hengyang, Hunan Province city kind industry Co., Ltd to carry out individual plant selfing, proceed individual plant selfing from F2 for beginning to carry out directed female flower joint rate height in the colony, the first female flower joint low individual plant selected, through directed selection of 8 generations, obtain the strong female series HZ008 that the balsam pear prematurity is good, female flower joint rate is high.Inbred line HZ008 prematurity is good, the first female flower joint position low (the first female flower joint position=3～4 joints), female flower joint rate high (main climing female flower is no less than 20 in 30 joints), the long clavate of fruit, fruit shoulder fruit pushes up blunt circle, the long 45cm of fruit, the thick 6-8cm of fruit, fruit knurl circle, the fruit rib is continuous, fruit colour white, single fruit weight 450g～500g, the plant growing way is more prosperous.
2) take Guangdong landrace " the green balsam pear of speciality " as starting material, utilizing climatic cabinate to carry out low temperature (day/night: 10 ℃/5 ℃) seedling stage processed 7 days, select the strong individual plant of low temperature tolerance ability to carry out selfing, the self progeny is proceeded low temperature tolerance ability evaluation and selection, through directed selection of 6 generations, obtain the strong balsam pear inbred line TC006 of low temperature tolerance ability.Balsam pear inbred line TC006 low temperature tolerance ability is strong, the first female flower joint position high (the first female flower joint position=13～15 joints), fruit belongs to large top type, and the fruit shoulder is flat, fruit is top, the long 30-35cm of fruit, the thick 8-10cm of fruit, the knurl of having no result, the fruit rib is continuously thick, the fruit colour bottle green, single fruit weight 450g～500g, the plant growing way is prosperous.
3) make female parent with the strong female series HZ008 of balsam pear, the balsam pear height is done the formulated balsam pear first generation of hybrid of male parent-" elegant beautiful No. 1 " for inbred line TC006.
Inbred line HZ008 characteristics feature: prematurity is good, the first female flower joint position low (the first female flower joint position＜3～4 joints), female flower joint rate high (main climing female flower is no less than 20 in 30 joints), the long clavate of fruit, fruit shoulder fruit pushes up blunt circle, the long 45cm of fruit, the thick 6-8cm of fruit, fruit knurl circle, the fruit rib is continuous, fruit colour white, single fruit weight 450g～500g, the plant growing way is more prosperous.
Inbred line TC006 characteristics feature: low temperature tolerance ability is strong, the first female flower joint position high (the first female flower joint position=13～15 joints), fruit belongs to large top type, and the fruit shoulder is flat, fruit is top, the long 30-35cm of fruit, the thick 8-10cm of fruit, the knurl of having no result, the fruit rib is continuously thick, the fruit colour bottle green, single fruit weight 450g～500g, the plant growing way is more prosperous.
Adopt above-mentioned breeding method improved variety " elegant beautiful No. "; this kind is the low temperature resistant balsam pear first generation of hybrid of the bar-shaped rascal class of the length of the up-to-date seed selection of Inst of vegetables, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, can be used for cultivating under the Yangtze river basin and the northern area facilities protection ground condition.This Different Varieties is consistent, and hybrid rate reaches more than 99%, field performance neat and consistent.New varieties low temperature tolerance ability strong (under 15 ℃ of conditions, can normal growth grow), the first female flower joint position low (the first female flower joint position=7～8 joints), female flower joint rate high (main climing female flower is no less than 15 in 30 joints), the long clavate of fruit, fruit shoulder fruit pushes up blunt circle, long 40～the 45cm of fruit, thick 6～the 8cm of fruit, fruit knurl circle, the fruit rib is semicontinuous, fruit colour is emerald green, glossy, the about 450g of single fruit weight, the plant growing way is prosperous by force.Strong female kind determines easily to obtain high and stable output, and economic flow rate is high, 5000～6000kg/667m2; Commodity is good, quality better.
Breediness:
New variety of balsam pear is precocious, plant overgrows " elegant beautiful No. 1 ", and growth potential is strong, and the branch ability is strong, and master is climing all can bear fruit.Winter-Spring protection ground cultivation the main the climing the 7th to the 8th is saving gives birth to the first female flower (table 1); lateral bine second section to the three joints in middle part are beginning to give birth to female flower, female flower joint rate high (main climing female flower is no less than 15 in 30 joints), and it is close to bear fruit; can sit continuously 5-6 fruit simultaneously, picking time is long.The long clavate of fruit, fruit shoulder fruit pushes up blunt circle, the long 40～45cm of fruit, the thick 6～8cm of fruit, fruit knurl circle, the fruit rib is semicontinuous, and fruit colour is emerald green, glossy (accompanying drawing 2), the about 450g of single fruit weight.Strong female kind determines easily to obtain high and stable output, and economic flow rate is high, 5000～6000kg/667m2; commodity is good, quality better, and low temperature tolerance ability is strong (under 15 ℃ of conditions; can normal growth grow), suitable autumn and winter, Winter-Spring protection ground cultivation and spring and summer outdoor cropping.
Table 1, relatively output performance of kind in 2010～2011
Annotate: capitalization represents that difference reaches utmost point significance level, the different significance that reaches of lowercase alphabet differential.Blue or green rich No. 1 is Sichuan Province's Leshan main breed, and green hat is area, Shouguang, Shandong Province main breed.
Five, Main Cultivation Technology main points:
1, presoaking and germinating and sowing
The employing technology of hoting water treatment of seeds, 50 ℃ of-55 ℃ of warm water are scalded kinds 15 minutes and are constantly stirred, and use 25 ℃ water seed soaking 24 hours again.Soaked seed flow underwater cleaning is clean, place 30 ℃ of insulating box vernalization to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally (needing approximately 4-6 days), treat that most of seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow.
Outdoor cropping, In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, mid or late Febuary grows seedlings, and takes little shed in the available booth and grows seedlings; Greenhouse by solar heat protection ground cultivation can be grown seedlings in early January.The heating wire insulation is adopted in the seedbed.With hole, 50 hole dish, with the Nutrition Soil (matrix: soil=2:1) sow of tpn sterilization; The previous day is filled seedling medium with the cave dish in sowing, and waters permeable.During sowing, insert dark about 1cm cave with forefinger in the middle of each hole, cave, the seed that has germinateed is kept flat in the cave, cover the thick fine earth that sieves of 1.5-2cm, the double-deck wet newspaper moisturizing in upper berth is put into little shed and is grown seedlings, cave dish interpolation thermometer.
2, seedbed management
Before emerging, keep 30 ℃ of seedling bed temperatures.The last broadcasting 1～5 day, to keep a close eye on anti-high temperature and burn bud, will immediately raise shed two and ventilate during 35 ℃ of shed Nei Wenduda noon; If meet overcast and rainyly continuously, 1～2h at noon takes a breath every day.Emerge and 60% should in time newspaper be taken off when above, what emerge in advance can tear newspaper, prevents excessive growth.After the full exhibition of cotyledon, o'clock be sprinkling upon on the seedbed with 70% tpn wetting powder in the morning 10～11, spill again medicine after 7～10 days 1 time, in case sprout term disease.After 2 true leaves launch, progressively strengthen the Summer Solstice or the Winter Solstice of ventilating and take off the lid at night, transplant and took little shed hardening in front 5 days off, and control is watered.
3, field planting and field management
1) wholely, fertilising
The balsam pear intolerant to waterlogging, the In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River cultivation is fit to do high furrow.After ploughing soil is raked, press the wide 1.5m of furrow, the whole ground of the high 30cm of furrow, it is wide to open a 20cm in the middle of the furrow, the ditch of dark 20cm, leveling furrow face is built mulch film.667m2 executes the high-quality ox swinery excrement 1500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 50kg, borax, each 1kg of zinc sulphate, nitrogen phosphorus potassium (15:15:15) Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30kg.
2) field planting
Every ridge cultivation two row, spacing in the rows 20cm waters sufficient normal root water behind the earthing.After living, can water become thoroughly decomposed loose stool water or 1% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution and topdress.
3) field rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect
The anti-fertilizer of balsam pear is not anti-lean, and early growth speed is slow, and late growing stage is fast, topdresses and should execute phosphorus potash fertilizer more take composite fertilizer as main, not inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application.Topdress 2-3 time after bearing fruit, every mu each waters after spreading manuer in holes with 10-15kg composite fertilizer, bears fruit and sprays 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 time in 25-30 days.Water and to carry out furrow irrigation under membrane or drip irrigation, reduce field humidity.
The balsam pear Major Diseases has powdery mildew, anthracnose, downy mildew, epidemic disease, and insect pest mainly contains melon snout moth's larva, melon trypetid, nocturnal moth class.Control strategy should be take cultural control as main, sprays in case of necessity chemical control.
4) plant is adjusted
Strong female Varieties of Balsam Pear will be enhanced field management, and will insert frame and draw climingly when climing long 50cm, in time inserts bamboo and draws climing added.To insert " people " cabinet frame for well, insert firmly sturdy, can windproof greatly frame; Tied up once climingly every 5-7 days, cissoid is evenly distributed.Bloom and in time destroy bottom Lao Ye and side shoot below 1 meter and male and female bud afterwards, to reduce nutrient consumption and to increase ventilation and penetrating light.To extract the lateral bine of base portion 1.0-1.5 rice after the pollination, short bearing fruit.Draw climing and extract lateral bine and should carry out afternoon by fine day.
The balsam pear growing way is prosperous by force, and especially In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River is got over when cultivation in summer, and growth later stage growing way is fast, when climing length was pushed up to frame, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, temperature was high, high humidity, to in time extract Lao Ye, invalid strain in the field management, so that ventilation and penetrating light reduces disease and occurs.
4, gather.
Listing of can gathering in about 15-20 days after the pollination.
Claims (1)
1. the breeding method of a low temperature resistant balsam pear comprises:
The strong female series HZ008 of balsam pear take preserving number as CGMCC NO.6255 does maternal, and the balsam pear inbred line TC006 take the strong preserving number of low temperature tolerance ability as CGMCC NO.6256 does the formulated balsam pear crossbreed of male parent, and it is " elegant beautiful No. 1 " that this balsam pear crossbreed is named.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103461107A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2013-12-25 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Breeding method for white-type strong female hybrid balsam pears |
| CN104718930A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-06-24 | 杨树东 | High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for bitter gourds |
| CN104855277A (en) * | 2015-06-14 | 2015-08-26 | 珠海市现代农业发展中心 | Breeding method for bitter gourds with high yield |
| CN105191595A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2015-12-30 | 镇江市丹徒区澳源食用菌专业合作社 | Green pepper greenhouse cultivating method |
| CN106358721A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 柳州市绿州种植专业合作社 | Cultivation method of balsam pear |
| CN106472076A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-08 | 广西大学 | A kind of booth balsam pear implantation methods |
| CN110235709A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-17 | 澧县绿之源生态农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time |
| CN111713349A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-09-29 | 达州市飞越农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of novel local characteristic leaping series bitter gourd varieties |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103461107A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2013-12-25 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Breeding method for white-type strong female hybrid balsam pears |
| CN105191595A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2015-12-30 | 镇江市丹徒区澳源食用菌专业合作社 | Green pepper greenhouse cultivating method |
| CN104718930A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-06-24 | 杨树东 | High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for bitter gourds |
| CN104855277A (en) * | 2015-06-14 | 2015-08-26 | 珠海市现代农业发展中心 | Breeding method for bitter gourds with high yield |
| CN106358721A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 柳州市绿州种植专业合作社 | Cultivation method of balsam pear |
| CN106472076A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-08 | 广西大学 | A kind of booth balsam pear implantation methods |
| CN110235709A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-17 | 澧县绿之源生态农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time |
| CN111713349A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-09-29 | 达州市飞越农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of novel local characteristic leaping series bitter gourd varieties |
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Application publication date: 20130306 |