CN100353833C - Method for breeding seeds of hybridized tomato - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for breeding tomato hybrids which ate planted for a long season and have the advantages of high quality, and storage and transportation resistance. The present invention belongs to the field of the heterosis utilization of crops, and comprises the methods of parent selection, parent preservation and propagation, and first generation hybrid preparation. The present invention is characterized in that two stable and homozygous selfing lines 98-2108-1-1-1 and 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 are respectively used as a male parent and a female parent which are artificially hybridized and matched to be combined into '152' hybrids. The '152' hybrids have the characteristics of high quality, high yield and yield value, and strong disease resistance. The growth potential of the hybrids is strong, and the leaves of the hybrids are dark green. The soluble solid content is 5.0%, the ratio of sugar to acid is 6.8, the taste of tomatoes is proper, the Vc content is 15.91 mg/100gFW, the commercial performance is strong, and the average yield per mu is 11241.6kg. Compared with the 'Jiangshu No. 2', the yield of the present invention is increased by 19.8%. The hybrids are identified in the field that the hybrids have the advantages of high resistance ToMV, medium resistance CMV, immunity for blight, and high resistance for leaf mould diseases.

Description

A kind of selection of seeds of hybridized tomato

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of selection of vegetables seeds of hybridized tomato, belong to crop hybrid superiority and utilize the field.Be exclusively used in the seed selection of high-quality storage tolerance long season cultivation seeds of hybridized tomato.

Background technology

Tomato is one of important vegetable of China, because it is nutritious, and unique flavor, occupies an important position in people's lives, plays a part very importantly in the year-round supply of vegetables, and the market demand increases year by year, and area under cultivation enlarges year by year.Especially along with the development of greenhouse by solar heat and plastic tunnel, the area under cultivation of protection ground tomato constantly enlarges, and occupies an important position in the agriculture industrialization structural adjustment.

At present, be that the tomato breeding material of purpose and the seed selection of specific breed start to walk early, make much progress with the cultivation of greenhouse long season abroad, bred a series of specific breeds such as " R-144 ", " Caruso ", " Birley ".These greenhouse type tomato variety plant strain growth gesture are strong, and it is good to continue the ability of bearing fruit, and fruit is even, and pulp is hard, and malformed fruit, dehiscent fruit are few, and shelf life is long, anti-multiple diseases, but relatively poor to the resistance of China's incidental leaf mold dominant races in protection ground.And because the pulp of these kinds is hard, and slurry like material is few, local flavor is lighter, is not suitable for China's consumer demand on the quality; Japan's Momotaro series of products is painted good, rediance, and pol is higher, and general cultivation can reach 5.0 (Brix), and local flavor is dense, and mouthfeel is good, is fit to the consumption habit of China.But culture technique is had relatively high expectations, and output is lower, and the fruit shelf life is not long.

China classifies protection ground tomato breeding as the research contents of vegetable breeding country brainstorm project from " eight or five ".Various places successively select the protection ground tomato variety of a collection of high-quality, disease-resistant, high yield.These kinds once or were applied as the main breed on producing.But most domestic varieties exist and continue growth and the ability of bearing fruit is relatively poor, there is gap greatly fruit appearance marketing quality and fruit storage tolerance aspect with foreign improved seeds.Annual country will spend the external seed of a large amount of foreign exchange imports; and the import kind of countries such as Holland, Israel costs an arm and a leg; the parent is holded in close confidence again; can not directly utilize; therefore selecting the high-quality storage tolerance tomato new varieties of suitable protection ground long season cultivation, is that major issue anxious to be solved is gone up in current tomato breeding and production.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem the objective of the invention is to adopt the method for tomato heterosis utilization, the tomato hybrid new breed that select that a disease resistance is strong, high-quality, storage tolerance, shelf life are long, is fit to the long season cultivation of protection ground.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this for technical scheme, and a kind of selection of seeds of hybridized tomato comprises that the parent selects, the parent preserves breeding and half-blood producing method for seed.Good with the gardening proterties of introducing screening, the strong and material " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 " that lower temperature resistance is outstanding of disease resistance be a female parent, and strong with the ability of bearing fruit continuously of transformation voluntarily, the outward appearance marketing quality is good, and the fruit storage tolerance is strong, contains ripe mutant Nor" 98-2108-1-1-1 " of gene is male parent, and the artificial hybridization apolegamy is combined into " 152 " crossbreed.

The standard of parent and " 152 ":

One, 96-21-2-1-1-1-1

1, source: to 121 parts of tomato germplasm resource materials introducing from Israel, Holland, Japan, AVRDC, France and other places, at first carry out the comprehensive evaluation of disease resistance evaluation and main economic characters, obtain 36 parts of excellent materials.According to the overall merit of several main aspects such as the growth performance under protection ground (booth and greenhouse by solar heat) cultivation condition, continuous setting ability, disease resistance, fruit gardening proterties, final election goes out inbred line " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 " again.

2, principal character characteristic: the indeterminate growth type, the plant strain growth gesture is strong, since the 8th leaf and gives birth to the 1st inflorescence.Fruit is high circular, and the young fruit redgreen is really takeed on, the mellow fruit large red, and fruit surface smooth, areola and stalk are hollow little, good looking appearance, fruit mass 140-150 gram, lower temperature resistance is outstanding.Resisting tobacco mosaic virus disease, leaf mold and fusarium wilt.

Two, 98-2108-1-1-1

1, source: the indeterminate growth haw height that utilization selects from Israel Hazera company " R-189 " is for inbred line and contain ripe mutant NorGene tomato " two Huang " hybridization forms through directed selection of continuous multi-generation selfing purifying in separating the offspring.

2, principal character characteristic: the indeterminate growth type, growth potential is strong, common leaf, the leaf amount is medium, and leaf look green living the 1st inflorescence since the 8th leaf, the ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong, and the 10-12 fringe of can bearing fruit continuously under the greenhouse experiment, young fruit do not have green fruit shoulder, mellow fruit is faint yellow, the fruit oblateness, size is even, fruit surface smooth, fruit mass 150-160 gram contains ripe mutant NorGene, hardness of fruit height reaches 4.8kg/cm ², storage tolerance, shelf life reached more than 90 days, anti-leaf mold and fusarium wilt.

Three, the standard of " 152 "

The indeterminate growth type, the plant growing way is vigorous, and the leaf look dark green, and cane is thick, and the 8th is saving and is giving birth to first inflorescence; Fruit oblateness, young fruit do not have green shoulder, the big haw of mellow fruit; Fruit surface smooth, areola and stalk are hollow little, good looking appearance, color and luster is even; Hardness of fruit height, pulp is abundant, is difficult for dehiscent fruit, and utmost point storage tolerance is fit to long-distance transport, and the commodity price phase reached more than 25 days; The plant ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong, and every strain can be tied 12-15 fringe fruit, and every fringe stays 4-5 fruit, and fruit mass 180-200 gram is even with size between the fringe single fruit; High anti-leaf mold, resisting tobacco mosaic virus disease (ToMV) and fusarium wilt; Open country plantation per mu yield is more than 10000 kilograms, and greenhouse by solar heat cultivation per mu yield can reach more than 15000 kilograms; Fruit shape neat and consistent, commodity rate is up to more than 95%, and product are of fine quality, meet export requirement fully.

Beneficial effect

" 98-2108-1-1-1 " inbred line that the present invention breeds has ripe mutant NorGene, merits such as hardness of fruit height, shelf life length, tolerance to low temperature and weak light and the ability of bearing fruit continuously are strong, having overcome lasting growth and the ability of bearing fruit, fruit appearance marketing quality and the fruit storage tolerance aspect that domestic variety exists with the crossbreed of its preparation has the difficult problem of gap greatly with foreign improved seeds, does not appear in the newspapers both at home and abroad.

The present invention is by " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 " and " 98-2108-1-1-1 " hybridization, realized the tomato heterosis utilization, make the high-quality storage tolerance and be fit to the seeds of hybridized tomato " 152 " that long season is cultivated, it is compared with present production main breed and has the following advantages:

One, output, output value height

" 152 " tomato 2002-2003 carries out varietal yield test at this institute booth, average yield per mu 11241.6kg, and comparison is according to " Jiangshu No.2 " volume increase 19.8%.Carried out demonstration plant at Linyi, Shandong greenhouse by solar heat in 2004, average yield per mu 1465.6kg, 16280.9 yuan of per mu yield values, comparison is according to " Indian " (Spain) volume increase 11.4%, and every mu increases income 378.6 yuan.

Two, best in quality

This kind growth potential is strong, dark green leaf color.The ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong, and every preface is beared fruit 4-5; Big in the fruit, fruit mass 180-200 gram, fruit surface smooth, mellow fruit large red, uniform coloring; Be difficult for dehiscent fruit, mellow fruit hardness height, storage tolerance, shelf life is more than 25 days under the room temperature condition.Soluble solid content 5.0%, sugar-acid ratio 6.8, sour-sweet moderate, Vc content 15.91mg/100gFW, commodity is strong.

Three, disease resistance is strong

The anti-ToMV of " 152 " tomato, leaf mold and fusarium wilt.During the artificial inoculation on seedling that carries out in the academy of agricultural sciences, Jiangsu Province is identified,,, high anti-to leaf mold (biological strain 1.2.3) to fusarium wilt performance immunity to ToMV performance immunity or disease-resistant; The field qualification result is high anti-ToMV, in anti-CMV, to the fusarium wilt immunity, high anti-leaf mold.

Embodiment

1, cultivar origin: with " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 " selfing is maternal, and " 98-2108-1-1-1 " selfing is the half-blood of male parent preparation.

2, concrete selection:

(1) maternal 96-21-2-1-1-1-1: to 121 parts of tomato germplasm resource materials introducing from Israel, Holland, Japan, AVRDC, France and other places, at first carry out the comprehensive evaluation of disease resistance evaluation and main economic characters, obtain 36 parts of excellent materials, these excellent material selection criteria are (with reference to " tomato germplasm resource description standard and data standard ", State Standard of the People's Republic of China " new variety of plant specificity, uniformity and stability test guide tomato ", as follows): anti-leaf mold, resisting tobacco mosaic virus disease (ToMV) and fusarium wilt; The indeterminate growth type; The plant growing way is vigorous; Young fruit does not have green shoulder, the big haw of mellow fruit; Hardness of fruit height, pulp is abundant, is difficult for dehiscent fruit; About fruit mass 150 grams.Again according to protection ground (booth and greenhouse by solar heat) cultivation condition growth down show, the overall merit of the several main aspects such as ability, disease resistance, fruit gardening proterties of bearing fruit continuously, final election goes out inbred line " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 ".Each generation selection criteria is: the plant growing way is vigorous; The ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong; Anti-leaf mold, resisting tobacco mosaic virus disease (ToMV) and fusarium wilt; Fruit surface smooth, areola and stalk are hollow little, good looking appearance, color and luster is even; Hardness of fruit height, pulp is abundant, is difficult for dehiscent fruit.

The 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 feature: the indeterminate growth type, the plant strain growth gesture is strong, since the 8th leaf and gives birth to the 1st inflorescence.Fruit is high circular, and the young fruit redgreen is really takeed on, the mellow fruit large red, and fruit surface smooth, areola and stalk are hollow little, good looking appearance, fruit mass 140-150 gram, lower temperature resistance is outstanding.Resisting tobacco mosaic virus disease, leaf mold and fusarium wilt.

(2) male parent 98-2108-1-1-1: the indeterminate growth haw 6-8 that utilization selects from Israel Hazera company " R-189 " is maternal for selfing and contains ripe mutant NorGene tomato " two Huang " (patent application unit of the present invention can provide for " China's Vegetable ", 1992.3:35-36) hybridization forms through directed selection of continuous 6 generations selfing purifying in separating the offspring.The directed selection criteria of each self-generation: indeterminate growth type; The plant growing way is vigorous; Contain ripe mutant NorGene; Young fruit does not have green shoulder; Fruit surface smooth, areola and stalk are hollow little; Pulp is abundant, is difficult for dehiscent fruit, and the commodity price phase reached more than 20 days; The ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong, and every strain can be tied 10-15 fringe fruit; Anti-leaf mold, resisting tobacco mosaic virus disease (ToMV) and fusarium wilt.

The 98-2108-1-1-1 feature: the indeterminate growth type, growth potential is strong, common leaf, the leaf amount is medium, and leaf look green living the 1st inflorescence since the 8th leaf, the ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong, and the 10-12 fringe of can bearing fruit continuously under the greenhouse experiment, young fruit do not have green fruit shoulder, mellow fruit is faint yellow, the fruit oblateness, size is even, fruit surface smooth, fruit mass 150-160 gram contains ripe mutant NorGene, hardness of fruit height reaches 4.8kg/cm ², storage tolerance, shelf life reached more than 90 days, anti-leaf mold and fusarium wilt.

(3) select Jiangshu No.2 (producer goods kind for use, patent application unit of the present invention can provide) and R144 (commercially available, patent application unit of the present invention can provide) compare, with " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 " selfing is maternal, 19 of preparing hybrid combinations are carried out varietal yield test simultaneously at test booth and open country.Through comparing, good with " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 " * " 98-2108-1-1-1 " performance, called after " 152 " carries out kind comparison and regional test on Jiangsu, Shandong and other places respectively again.The result shows that combination " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 " * " 98-2108-1-1-1 " plant growing way is vigorous, and the leaf look dark green, and cane is thick; The fruit oblateness, fruit surface smooth, areola and stalk are hollow little, good looking appearance, color and luster is even; Hardness of fruit height, pulp is abundant, is difficult for dehiscent fruit, utmost point storage tolerance, the commodity price phase reached more than 25 days; The plant ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong, and every strain can be tied 12-15 fringe fruit, with size between the fringe single fruit evenly; High anti-leaf mold, resisting tobacco mosaic virus disease (ToMV) and fusarium wilt; Greenhouse by solar heat cultivation per mu yield can reach more than 15000 kilograms; Fruit shape neat and consistent, commodity rate are suitable for the cultivation of China's booth or greenhouse by solar heat up to more than 95%.

3, seed selection condition

(1) must possess good inbred line " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 " and " 98-2108-1-1-1 ".

(2) must possess field resistance authenticate technology and artificial inoculation on seedling authenticate technology.

(3) possess the parent and preserve breeding and half-blood seeding technique.

4, the parent preserves propagation technique

(1) a kind commerial growing require is divided in parent's production field, will have 50m above or high seedling interrow crop and the above isolated area of 20m arranged between each kind.

(2) the hybrid strain production requirement is identical with distinct variety, carries out but must separate with seed farm, and also available large tracts of land bagging selfing way is produced the parent.

(3) the every use of crossbreed parents 3-5 generation, the kind of using its former half-blood and new system is compared, with the check parental performance, if the new production of hybrid seeds significantly becomes the inferior than former half-blood, its parents just can not continue to do breeding stock, should use the seed that meets the parental stock standard instead and produce original seed.

(4) to accomplish to cultivate strong sprout in the management of parent's production field, the optimum period field planting, soil fertility is even, and with also irrigation and drainage are convenient more than the solanaceous crops crop rotation 4-5, appropriate applied nitrogen is executed phosphorus potash fertilizer more, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.

Require when (5) gathering and collecting seed: the seed collecting fruit should reach full ripening stage, is gathered by the special messenger, the assorted strain fruit of strict rejecting, sick fruit and serious bad fruit etc.; Draw available aging processes such as submethod,, eliminate sick fruit and serious bad fruit etc. as with the cross-sectional fruit of fermentation rule; The seed of cleaning in sieve or the threshing ground dry, prevent being exposed to the sun with scald sub.Marked variety name, year, month, day is prepared warehouse-in.

(6) seed bank will be established the special messenger and is responsible for, and notes anti-ly mixing, protection against the tide, fire prevention, protection against rodents, insect protected etc., carries out the seed storage custodianship.And answer running check, guarantee seed quality.

5, cross-breeding technology

(1) seed farm requirement

Tomato is rained at hybrid seeding therebetween sometimes, and the farm work personnel are many, and for ease of operation with reduce disease, the sandy loam that is beneficial to draining is for well, and requires fertility level medium, and isolation distance is more than 50m.

(2) seeding and seedling raising:

The concrete seedtime of seedtime can be calculated according to different production of hybrid seeds area field planting periods and seedling age, about general seedling age 80-100d; Another factor that need consider is to regulate date of seeding, makes this flower synchronization of father and mother, and this this ripe similar temperament of combination father and mother requires one week of male parent seed early sowing.

Every mu of maternal sowing quantity 20-25g of seeding quantity is if sow the seeding quantity that then should suitably increase 20-50% again in cold bed.Generally speaking, every production 1kg hybrid seed needs maternal seed of 4-5g and 1g male parent seed approximately.

(3) parent's field planting

The open country field planting of field planting time can be carried out under the disconnected frost back minimum air temperature is stabilized in situation more than the 5-8C, and is in case seedling endures cold, or because of the late frost influence brings unnecessary trouble, certainly can not field planting slow excessively.General area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River is early April, and in 4 months along the line of the Longhai Railway, the last ten-days period, Liaodong Peninsula late April can shift to an earlier date 15-20d as if field planting to mid-May in protection facilities such as plastic tunnel.

The general every mu of field planting 3500-4000 of plantation density strain.

Originally the plant ratio of strain number of parents' planting proportion father and mother is 1 to compare 7-8.

(4) impurity elimination is checked in the parent field

Be to guarantee the purity of first-filial generation seed, the purity of will be by stages before hybridization work begins parents being planted strain endures strict scrutiny.Omit assorted strain for guaranteeing not have, this work should together be carried out by the several people.Before and after seedling stage and the field planting and before the artificial emasculation pollination, should pull out assorted strain and diseased plant, weak strain according to separately feature of parents, characteristic (whether strain shape, leaf, stem look, leaf look, growing way, branching habit and carpopodium have joint etc.).Also to pursue the strain inspection again before gathering pollen to male parent.

After hybridization finishes, also to check maternal plant repeatedly several times, flower that excision is not castrated and young flower bud and the fruit that does not make marks.Whether also must take on color, carpopodium according to fruit shape, fruit look, fruit when gathering has and has or not the mark of castrating pollination to pluck allocarpy on joint and the fruit.

(5) hybridization period

Hybridization is relevant with local weather conditions and planting type period.First inflorescence on the maternal plant is not hybridized, since the second inflorescence hybrid seeding.The hybrid seeding how at the end of May in the Yangtze river basin, northern area then was advisable in 6 months from 5 months, and the South China is many in production of hybrid seeds autumn and winter.

(6) plant is adjusted

Adopt two stalk trainings, respectively keep 2 inflorescence hybrid seedings on stem and two side shoots, such 6 inflorescences can be tied the allocarpy about 20, and other side shoot is extractd, and the fruit number of the production of hybrid seeds on each inflorescence is advisable with 3-4, should extract the bud of inflorescence end.After the production of hybrid seeds finishes, plant is cleared up, the flower bud of the production of hybrid seeds and newborn inflorescence will all not extractd, and repeat repeatedly, prevent to produce the selfing fruit.Note when plucking the top keeping 2 blades, burn in order to avoid exposure in sunshine fruit face causes on inflorescence top.

(7) strengthen the rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest

In the hybrid seeding later stage, temperature is more and more higher, often the multiple period of disease, therefore, at first will accomplish rationally to topdress, pour water on cultivation management, keeps the field health, finds diseased plant, in time removes.Simultaneously also want the combination with spraying medicament to prevent and treat.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of selection of seeds of hybridized tomato is characterized in that: be respectively father and mother originally with two stable inbred lines " 98-2108-1-1-1 " of isozygotying and " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 ", the artificial hybridization apolegamy is combined into crossbreed;

Wherein inbred line " 98-2108-1-1-1 " principal character characteristic is, the indeterminate growth type, growth potential is strong, common leaf, the leaf amount is medium, leaf look green living the 1st inflorescence since the 8th leaf, and the ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong, the 10-12 fringe of bearing fruit continuously under the greenhouse experiment, young fruit does not have green fruit shoulder, and mellow fruit is faint yellow, the fruit oblateness, size evenly, fruit surface smooth, fruit mass 150-160 gram contains ripe mutant nor gene, hardness of fruit height, storage tolerance, shelf life reached more than 90 days, anti-leaf mold, anti-blight;

Inbred line " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 " principal character characteristic is, the indeterminate growth type, and the plant strain growth gesture is strong, since the 8th leaf and gives birth to the 1st inflorescence; Fruit is high circular, and the young fruit redgreen is really takeed on, the mellow fruit large red, and fruit surface smooth, areola and stalk are hollow little, fruit mass 140-150 gram, lower temperature resistance is outstanding; Resisting tobacco mosaic virus disease, anti-leaf mold, anti-blight;

The kind that is brought out is: the indeterminate growth type, and the plant growing way is vigorous, and the leaf look dark green, and cane is thick, and the 8th is saving and is giving birth to first inflorescence; Fruit oblateness, young fruit do not have green shoulder, the big haw of mellow fruit; Fruit surface smooth, areola and stalk are hollow little, and color and luster is even; Hardness of fruit height, pulp is abundant, is difficult for dehiscent fruit, and the commodity price phase reached more than 25 days; The plant ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong, every strain knot 12-15 fringe fruit, and every fringe stays 4-5 fruit, and fruit mass 180-200 gram is even with size between the fringe single fruit; Resisting tobacco mosaic virus disease, anti-blight, high anti-leaf mold.

2, the selection of a kind of seeds of hybridized tomato according to claim 1 is characterized in that: require the male parent seed female parent propose the last week sowing, make this flower synchronization of father and mother.

3, the selection of a kind of seeds of hybridized tomato according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the open country field planting is carried out under the disconnected frost back minimum air temperature is stabilized in situation more than 5-8 ℃, area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River is early April, Longhai Railway is in 4 months along the line, the last ten-days period, and Liaodong Peninsula is that late April is to mid-May.

4, the selection of a kind of seeds of hybridized tomato according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: " 98-2108-1-1-1 " and " 96-21-2-1-1-1-1 " planting proportion is 1: 7-8.

5, the selection of a kind of seeds of hybridized tomato according to claim 3 is characterized in that: every mu of maternal field planting 3500-4000 strain.