CN103120119A - Methods for breeding and cultivating qin red apple - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding a qin red apple. A wijcik female parent and a gala male parent are selected according to a breeding target to be subjected to field artificial crossing, and the qin red apple is produced through combination of early preselection and seed selection of a conventional system. The invention further discloses a method for cultivating the qin red apple. A plain which is leeward, exposed to the sun and rich in water condition or a sloping field with small gradient is selected as a cultivation environment, loessal soil or sandy soil is taken as cultivation soil, a spacing between rows is 1.5*4 m or 2*3-3.5m, attention is paid to the skeleton branch cultivation of adult trees, all the skeleton branches and bearing branches extend along single axes, one of fuji, 'pink lady', golden delicious and new world apples is adopted as a pollinizer, and nursery stock adopts vigorous culture or M26 self-rooted rootstock or inter stock dwarfing culture. The qin red apple cultured by the method has the characteristics of late maturity, high quality, high yield, strong comprehensive resistance, wide applicability, good economic benefit and the like, and meets market expectation.

Description

The breeding of Qin red apple and cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of apple cross breeding and cultivation method, particularly a kind of breeding of new varieties apple and cultivation method, belong to agricultural biological technical field.

Background technology

Apple breeding must improve outward appearance to improve output, and the enhancement fruit quality is main target, breeds to adapt to different regions different condition, all good new varieties of color, smell and taste.In order to reach the high yield requirement, at first the breeder is placed on notice on the tree body structure and fruit bearing habit that forms the high yield factor, guarantees that the new varieties result early, easily forms bud, has the ability of being annual fruiting.The requirement fruit size is moderate, and shape is neat, and color and luster is beautiful, and is no matter red, yellow or green, all pure in good take true qualities, so that dense red fruit is more welcome comprehensively.Fruit quality requirement flesh texture is delicate, juice is many, sweet and sour palatability, has the fragrance that most people can be accepted.New varieties must adapt to the weather in producing region.The breeding approach mainly contains following several respects: the 3. bud mutation 5. 6. 7. biotechnology of radioinduction of polyploid breeding of 4. crossbreeding of choosing seeds of choosing seeds that 2. 1. introducing a fine variety grows directly from seeds.

Along with developing rapidly of Chinese national economy, the domestic and international market competition is day by day acutely changeable, China's apple production outlet keeps steady-state growth, but because China's apple variety type does not match, topology layout is unreasonable, new varieties are bred slow, upgrade to lag behind, and being affects Apple Export to bottleneck high-level, the high benefit development.Therefore, must accelerate cultivation, the conversion of new varieties, for integrated, promote the development of novel Apple Industry chain to specialization in production, scale, production and marketing.For many years, for shortening the fruit breeding cycle, improve breeding efficiency, many positive exploration and practices have been done by Apple breeding unit both at home and abroad, but this problem is not really solved in the breeding practical application, and its basic reason also is not yet set up easy and simple to handle, an effective system of selection of cover and select index for different breeding objectives.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the existing deficiency of prior art, breeding and the cultivation method of a kind of New Variety Qin red apple are provided, that the Qin red apple that cultivates by this method has is late-maturing, high-quality, high yield, comprehensive resistance are strong, wide adaptability, the characteristics such as good in economic efficiency, more meets market and expects.

The present invention realizes that the technical scheme that the foregoing invention purpose is taked is: the breeding method of a kind of Qin red apple, select according to breeding objective that Wei Saike is maternal, loud, high-pitched sound draws male parent to carry out field artificial hybridization, and be combined seed selection with the conventional system seed selection through early stage preliminary election and form.

The cultivation method of a kind of Qin red apple, described planting environment be leeward on the sunny side, fertilizer and water condition flat land or the gradient less hillside fields preferably, cultivating soil is with loessal soil or sandy loam, seeding row spacing is 1.5 * 4m or 2 * 3-3.5m, become tree attention in age skeleton branch to cultivate, each major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster are uniaxial extension, adopt that in Fuji, Pink Lady, gold hat, New World, any apple is pollinizers, and seedling propagation adopts Qiaoization cultivation or employing M26 from root anvil or interstock dwarfing culture.

The invention has the advantages that educating Qin red apple by the present invention has following distinguishing feature:

1, early fruiting character: 1. early blossoming, early bearing, morning get bumper crops, more than the per mu yield of 5 years living trees can reach 2000kg.2. late maturity: the late March rudiment, April, early and middle ten days was bloomed, at the beginning of 9 months fruit begin painted, September the early and middle ten days fruit maturation, fruit is about 150 days breeding times.3. flower early begins: height connects tree 2 year beginning bow structure fruit.

2, high-quality: the fruit conico-acuminate, fruit is individual large, mean fruit weight 265g, maximum can reach 350 grams.The high stake of fruit shape, fruit shape index 0.95.Fruit face kermesinus, fruit bagging fruit flour is red, bar is red, fruit dot is little, in many, the fruit powder is many, the fruit face is bright and clean rustless, wax is few, and is glossy, outward appearance is gorgeous.The pulp yellow-white, meat is crisp, and is slightly thick, the sweet acid of local flavor, juice is many, and fragrance is light, and quality is good.Acid content is higher, and titratable acid is 0.62%, flesh firmness 8.97kg/cm ², soluble solid content 14.5%, total reducing sugar 12.35%, Vitamin C content 6.86mg/100g.With Fruit Economic Traits and the comparative analysis of fruit juice physicochemical character of Qiao Najin, Pink Lady, Fuji, result shows, the soluble solid of Qin red apple is lower than Pink Lady, and acid content and Pink Lady are suitable, are 0.63%.The fruit crushing juice rate is higher, and average out to 81.8% exceeds respectively 5.5%, 8.7% and 7.8% of Qiao Najin, Pink Lady and Fuji.Juice color and proterties, Qin red apple is light yellow, and fruit juice density is 1070.7g/L, good flavor acid; Qiao Najin fruit juice is filbert, and fruit juice density is 1062.0g/L, and fruit juice is savory; Qin's haw juice is difficult for brown stain simultaneously, and good stability is best in quality.

3, high yield stability: the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school, the tree body is compact, and tree performance is more upright, tree crown is conical, and dryness is strong, and natural germination rate is high, become principal stresses strong, the annual branch brachyplast is more, and the fruit bearing habit of getting bumper crops is preferably arranged, mainly with the fruit spur result, the fruit spur ratio reaches 62.5～77.6%, and the continuous bearing capacity of fruit tongue sublateral shoot is strong, and fruit-setting rate is high, high yield, stable yields do not have the preharvest drop phenomenon.

4, comprehensive resistance: by experimental observation, mildew-resistance, early defoliation disease, more anti-apple leaf miner.

5, adaptation zone: wide adaptability, all can cultivate in Shaanxi Apple each normal region.

6, development prospect and economic benefit: the ripe listing of " Qin Hong " early September, can Adjusting market dull season, higher economic benefit is arranged.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, principle of the present invention and advantage are further elaborated.

Embodiment:

Breeding method: its hybrid strain is " Wei Saike * loud, high-pitched sound is drawn ".Hybridization in 1991, sowing in 1992 obtains altogether 715 strains of " Wei Saike * loud, high-pitched sound is drawn " hybridization seedling, field planting in 1993, beginning result in 1997 is elected major clique as at the beginning of 1999, final election in 2003 is major clique, and beginning in the Fuping, the ground such as Fufeng, Xunyi are high connects test.

Main growth and development process:

1. habit of growth: the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school, the tree body is compact, and tree performance is more upright, and tree crown is conical, and dryness is strong, and natural germination rate is high, becomes principal stresses strong, and the annual branch brachyplast is more.

2. the habit of yielding positive results: 3 years beginning results of this kind, earsh is take long fruit branch and axillary bud result as main, bearing tree is take fruit spur and axillary bud result as main, but mainly with the fruit spur result, the fruit spur ratio reaches 62.5～77.6%, and the continuous bearing capacity of fruit tongue sublateral shoot is strong, and fruit-setting rate is high, high yield, stable yields do not have the preharvest drop phenomenon.

3. good quality and high output: the fruit conico-acuminate, fruit is large, mean fruit weight 265g, maximum can reach 350 grams.The high stake of fruit shape, fruit shape index 0.95.Fruit face kermesinus, fruit bagging fruit flour is red, bar is red, fruit dot is little, in many, the fruit powder is many, the fruit face is bright and clean rustless, wax is few, and is glossy, outward appearance is gorgeous.The pulp yellow-white, meat is crisp, and is slightly thick, the sweet acid of local flavor, juice is many, and fragrance is light, and acid content is higher, and titratable acid is 0.62%, flesh firmness 8.97kg/cm ², soluble solid content 14.5%, total reducing sugar 12.35%, Vitamin C content 6.86mg/100g.Bearing capacity is strong, and fruit-setting rate is high, high yield, stable yields, in the Fuping, 3 the district's pilots in Fufeng, Xunyi, the large height of tree connects the 3rd year, all the plant blossom results, average strain is produced and is respectively 2.6kg, 2.2kg and 2.5kg, and amounting to per mu yield is 285.0kg, 237.6kg and 275.1kg.

Cultivation method:

1. the garden of building select leeward on the sunny side, fertilizer and water condition flat land or the gradient less hillside fields preferably, soil is advisable with loessal soil, sandy loam.

2. tree-like and planting patterns: the tree body structure is selected spindle or cylindricality.Planting patterns, seeding row spacing 1.5 * 4m or 2 * 3-3.5m, during pruning, treelet should light pruning length be put, and removes in right amount vertical branch or to the vertical branch spreading angle.Become tree attention in age skeleton branch to cultivate, each major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster are uniaxial extension, suitably remove overstocked branch group; Note the fruit-bearing shoot cluster rejuvenating, weak group bounces back in good time, raises branch and organizes the position, strengthens growing way.

3. pollinizers: this kind self-pollination ripening rate is low, and pollinated variety can be selected Fuji, Pink Lady, gold hat, New World etc.

4. control tree vigo(u)r, in time pruning, rationally rich water, prevent that tree vigo(u)r is excessively prosperous, promotes early blossoming, early bearing, early gets bumper crops.

5. seedling propagation: adopt the twig vegetative propagation to cultivate nursery stock.This invention adopts Qiaoization cultivation or adopts M26 from root anvil or interstock dwarfing culture.

Though it is pointed out that above-described embodiment to the present invention's detailed text description of contrasting, these text descriptions are just to the simple description of mentality of designing of the present invention, rather than to the restriction of thinking of the present invention.Any combination, increase or modification that is no more than mentality of designing of the present invention all falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the breeding method of a Qin red apple is characterized in that selecting according to breeding objective that Wei Saike is maternal, loud, high-pitched sound draws male parent to carry out field artificial hybridization, is combined seed selection with the conventional system seed selection through early stage preliminary election and forms.

2. the cultivation method after the breeding method of Qin red apple according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described planting environment be leeward on the sunny side, fertilizer and water condition flat land or the gradient less hillside fields preferably, cultivating soil is with loessal soil or sandy loam, seeding row spacing is 1.5 * 4m or 2 * 3-3.5m, become tree attention in age skeleton branch to cultivate, each major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster are uniaxial extension, in employing Fuji, Pink Lady, gold hat, New World, any apple is pollinizers, and seedling propagation adopts Qiaoization cultivation or adopts M26 from root anvil or interstock dwarfing culture.