CN102715077B - Breeding method for early-maturing high-quality storage and transportation resistance peaches - Google Patents
Breeding method for early-maturing high-quality storage and transportation resistance peaches Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for early-maturing high-quality storage and transportation resistance peaches. The method comprises the steps of June fresh peach and pollinizer grafted seedling culture, June fresh peach and pollinizer grafted seedling culture, natural hybridization seedling, character screening, top grafting identification and variety comparison. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the peaches bred through the method provided by the invention are good variety peaches with the advantages of good fruit shape, vivid color, storage and transportation resistance and high quality. Filial generations maturing in late June are selected, the mature period is just the off season of the peaches, the commodity value is high, the economic benefits are high, the obvious problems of single variety, poor coloring effect, storage and transportation nonresistance, poor commodity and the like are solved, and the market supply period of the early-maturing peaches is enriched and prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selection of peach kind, the selection of a kind of precocious storage tolerance peach specifically belongs to peach variety seed selection field.
Background technology
Determined by peach fruit self character, the peach of most kinds is storage tolerance not, will soon deliquescing rot after maturation, gathers and sells as untimely, can very fast deliquescing lose commodity value.In addition, the precocious peach such as gorgeous in morning phoenix king, early life of sand, rain liquid distilled from honeysuckle flowers or lotus leaves, spring (fruit breeding time be 60-90d) kind, have also not that storage tolerance, shelf life are short, painted bright-coloured not, the shortcoming such as commodity is low, the good precocious peach kind that really can form commodity economy output is single, can not meet the needs that living standards of the people improve day by day.
Summary of the invention
in order to address the above problem, the present invention has designed a kind of precocious high-quality, the selection of storage tolerance peach, the method take June aquatic foods as maternal, and the special precocity large with selected pollen amount, precocious, mid-early maturity three verieties are the capital spring, celebrate rich, the mixed friendship of the white phoenix in day river spontaneous pollination, make the easier and maternal combination of optimum allogene, thereby generation superior progeny, solved the precocious peach that exists in China's peach industry such as morning the phoenix king, sand is early given birth to, the rain liquid distilled from honeysuckle flowers or lotus leaves, gorgeous grade of spring is storage tolerance not, shelf life is short, painted bright-coloured not, the shortcomings such as commodity is low, rectify by the precocious peach kind fruit type that the method selects, beautiful in colour, product are of fine quality, storage tolerance, maturing stage is in late June, on the occasion of peach fruit dull season, economic benefit is high.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The selection of a kind of precocious storage tolerance peach comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivate bright and pollinizers grafting in June: stock adopts Qingzhou honey peach or winter snows honey peach, does slightly overhead 5-8cm place when reaching the 0.8-1cm diameter when the anvil seedling, carries out grafting, and the xylem bud grafting method is with in the grafting method employing; The new branch that scion is selected robust growth that June, aquatic foods were given birth to then, enriched without damage by disease and insect, bud satiation; Connect rear timely solution and tie up, cut anvil, strengthen rich water quality management, in time prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
(2) the bright and pollinizers grafting in June of planting: the aquatic foods grafting in June that Second Year obtains above-mentioned steps (1) spring is planted in the test garden, and the line-spacing of planting is 4m, and spacing in the rows is 3m.Pollinizers are selected the bright mixed spontaneous pollination of handing over of special precocity, precocity, mid-early maturity three verieties and June, make optimum allogene and maternal combination, thus the generation superior progeny.Pollinated variety selects to require that painted better more than single fruit weight 100g, pollen is many, and wherein 2 with the hard solute of raising variety, specifically, select exactly capital spring, Qing Feng, day white phoenix in river as pollinizers.Wherein, the capital spring is the improved variety of Beijing agricultural and forest science institute, and is ripe at the beginning of 6 months in the Weifang Prefecture, fruit development period 62-66d, and the hard solute of fruit, mean fruit weight 120g distinguish the flavor of sweet, the sunny side redness, pollen is many; Celebrating rich is the improved variety of Beijing agricultural and forest science institute, and mid-June is ripe, fruit development period 75-80d, and hard solute, mean fruit weight 150g distinguish the flavor of sweet, the sunny side redness, pollen is many; The white phoenix in day river, Japan cultivars, early July is ripe, fruit development period 90-105d, hard solute, mean fruit weight 225g, pollen is many.The quantity allocation ratio of the white phoenix in Jing Chun ︰ Qing Feng ︰ day river is 1～3 ︰ 1～3 ︰ 1～3, is preferably 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1; June, bright quantity allocation ratio with pollinizers was 3 ︰ 1～3, was preferably 1 ︰ 1.
(3) natural crossing is grown seedlings: after the aquatic foods in June that above-mentioned steps (2) obtains are planted, the 3rd year florescence carried out bee pollination, by the honeybee Body contact, pollinizers pollen taken on bright flower in June, played the effect of cross pollination.Such three pollinated varieties are more than the filial generation quantity that single variety pollination acquisition meets the breeding goal requirement.Gather the natural crossing seed after result, select winter then physical features higher, draining is good, and the seed Sand culture is carried out in the place of in the shade drying, Second Year sowing in spring, the 3rd year field planting in spring seedling result.
(4) character screening: when the fruit of above-mentioned steps (3) begins maturation, economic characters to the seedling tree fruit are carried out Observe and measure, and leading indicator comprises fructescence, fruit shape, fruit top state, fruit mass, fruit face colouring degree, sticking freestone, soluble solid content, fruit texture, flesh color etc.; Eliminate not storage tolerance seedling of shade deviation, poor quality, fruit, filter out the fruit type and rectify, beautiful in colour, product are of fine quality, storage tolerance, and the maturing stage is at the precocious peach seedling of late June.
(5) height connects and identifies and the kind comparison: the plant that above-mentioned steps (4) is filtered out carries out top grafting, analysis fruit properties stability, and breeding part nursery stock carries out varietal yield test, take the early life of June aquatic foods and sand as contrast, economic characters to new varieties and check variety are observed, and leading indicator comprises fructescence, fruit shape, fruit top state, fruit mass, fruit face colouring degree, sticking freestone, soluble solid content, fruit texture, flesh color etc.Further filter out proper, beautiful in colour, best in quality, the storage tolerance of fruit type, and the precocious peach kind of fruit properties genetic stability.
The kind that selects by said method: the fruit type is rectified, and fruit is large, beautiful in colour, and local flavor is sweet, and is best in quality, hard solute, and storage tolerance, late June is ripe, and the maturing stage is in peach fruit dull season, and the fruit price is high.Tree body Early fertile capability is good, and output is high, strong adaptability.
The invention has the advantages that: rectify by the fruit type that the inventive method selects, beautiful in colour, storage tolerance, the good peach kind that product are of fine quality is selected the filial generation of late June maturation, and the maturing stage is on the occasion of peach fruit dull season, commodity value is large, economic benefit is high, has made up that the kind that exists in the precocious peach industry of China is single, painted bad, the outstanding problem such as storage tolerance, commodity be not poor, and is abundant and extended the precocious peach market supply phase.
Embodiment
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein only is used for description and interpretation the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The selection of a kind of precocious storage tolerance peach comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation aquatic foods in June and pollinizers grafting: grafting method adopts band xylem bud grafting method.Spring in 1993, the shoot row culture scion of choosing then the robust growth of giving birth to, enriching without damage by disease and insect, bud satiation.Select Qingzhou honey peach or winter snows honey peach to make stock, do slightly overhead the 5-8cm place when reaching the 0.8-1cm diameter when the anvil seedling, can carry out grafting.First use cutter in stock eye each up and down during grafting in 1 one week of centimeters girdling, deeply reach the core of nature, then at the perpendicular cutter that cuts in bud opposite, the skin that makes it to cut, bud can be together with peeling gently, girdling one big or small on all four bud again uses the same method in scion, again the bud that peels in scion is attached on stock by the alignment of former direction gently, makes it the interface position and coincide, connect rear with plastic tape wrapping jail.Connect rear timely solution and tie up, cut anvil, strengthen rich water quality management, in time prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
(2) the bright and pollinizers grafting in June of planting: spring in 1994 with June the aquatic foods grafting plant in the test garden, the line-spacing of planting is 4m, spacing in the rows is 3m.And being equipped with the white phoenix in Jing Chun ︰ Qing Feng ︰ day river as pollinizers, a Chun Yan ︰ day river Bai Feng ︰ jewellery number allocation ratio of red month is 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1; June, a bright number allocation ratio with pollinated variety was 1 ︰ 1.Dig 80cm * 60cm planting pit before cultivation, use sufficient base manure, backfill is poured water heavy real.Water after cultivation, whole tree dish, covering film, to improve ground temperature.Cultivate in outdoor heading height 40-50cm after fixed doing, to Miao Gan top 20-30cm bagging, prevents the insects such as chafer, in time plucks bag after germination.
(3) natural crossing is grown seedlings: the fresh flower phase in June, 1996 is carried out bee pollination, by the honeybee Body contact, pollinizers pollen is taken on bright flower in June, plays the effect of cross pollination.Gather bright natural crossing seed in June July in the same year, carry out then the seed Sand culture winter, select physical features higher, draining is good, and the ditch of wide 1～1.5m, dark 80～100cm is dug in the place of in the shade drying, ditch length according to seed what and decide.Bottom of trench first pads wet husky 5cm, and then the wet sand ground of one deck seed one deck will be planted sublayering and be put into ditch, or seed is mixed with wet sand, seed is about 1 ︰ 5～10 with wet husky ratio, put the approximately thick wet sand of 10cm of one deck on last seed, earthing and one-tenth mound shape above ground level are in order to draining.Spring in 1997 in the test garden, was pressed seeding row spacing 3m * 2m field planting seedling with Natural hybrid sowing in spring in 1998 in this orchard, began result successively in 2000.
(4) character screening: when fruit begins maturation, economic characters to the seedling tree fruit are carried out Observe and measure, and leading indicator comprises fructescence, fruit shape, fruit top state, fruit mass, fruit face colouring degree, sticking freestone, soluble solid content, fruit texture, flesh color etc.Eliminate not storage tolerance seedling of painted bad, poor quality, fruit.Filtered out the fruit type in 2003 and rectify, beautiful in colour, product are of fine quality, storage tolerance, late June maturation Comprehensive Traits performance fine individual plant.
(5) height connects and identifies and fine individual plant that varietal yield test: 2004-2009 filters out above-mentioned steps (4) in the test garden carries out height and connects evaluation, adopt budding method with the fine individual plant scion grafting that filters out to common wild peach stock, analyze the stability of fine individual plant fruit properties.And breed the part nursery stock by grafting method and carry out varietal yield test, grafting method is with above-mentioned step (1), planting with above-mentioned step (2) of grafting, after the fruit result take June bright and early life of sand as contrast, the Economic Characters of Observe and measure new varieties and check variety, leading indicator comprise fructescence, fruit shape, fruit top state, fruit mass, fruit face colouring degree, sticking freestone, soluble solid content, fruit texture, flesh color etc.Further filter out beautiful in colour, best in quality, storage tolerance, late June is ripe, and the precocious peach kind of the above-mentioned merit genetic stability of fruit, names to be " China is red ".
Result: the main biological character in " China is red " that selects with the method is rectified for the fruit type, and fruit is large, beautiful in colour, and local flavor is sweet, and is best in quality, hard solute, and storage tolerance, late June is ripe, and the maturing stage is in peach fruit dull season, and the fruit price is high.Tree body Early fertile capability is good, and output is high, strong adaptability.
Except as otherwise noted, the percentage that adopts in the present invention is percetage by weight.
It should be noted that at last: the above only is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment puts down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the selection of a precocious storage tolerance peach, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivate bright grafting in June: stock adopts Qingzhou honey peach or winter snows honey peach, when the anvil seedling is done slightly overhead 5-8cm place diameter and reached 0.8-1cm, carries out grafting, and grafting method adopts is with the xylem bud grafting method; The new branch that scion is selected robust growth that June, aquatic foods were given birth to then, enriched without damage by disease and insect, bud satiation;
(2) the bright grafting and pollinizers in June of planting: Second Year is planted the bright grafting in June that step (1) obtains spring; Pollinizers are selected the bright mixed spontaneous pollination of handing over of capital spring, Qing Feng, day river Bai Fengsan veriety and above-mentioned June; The capital spring: celebrate rich: the quantity allocation ratio of day white phoenix in river is 1～3:1～3:1～3;
(3) natural crossing is grown seedlings: after the aquatic foods in June that step (2) obtains are planted, the 3rd year florescence carried out bee pollination; Gather the natural crossing seed after result, select winter then physical features higher, draining is good, and the seed Sand culture is carried out in the place of in the shade drying, Second Year sowing in spring, the 3rd year field planting in spring seedling result;
(4) character screening: when the fruit of step (3) begins maturation, the economic characters of seedling tree fruit are carried out Observe and measure; Eliminate not storage tolerance seedling of shade deviation, poor quality, fruit, filter out the fruit type and rectify, beautiful in colour, product are of fine quality, storage tolerance, and the maturing stage is at the precocious peach seedling of late June;
(5) height connects and identifies and the kind comparison: the plant that step (4) is filtered out carries out top grafting, analysis fruit properties stability, and breed the part nursery stock and carry out varietal yield test,, as contrast the economic characters of new varieties and check variety are observed take the early life of June aquatic foods and sand; Filter out proper, beautiful in colour, best in quality, the storage tolerance of fruit type, and the precocious peach kind of fruit properties genetic stability.
2. selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described capital spring: celebrate rich: the quantity allocation ratio of day white phoenix in river is 1:1:1.
3. the described selection of any one according to claim 1-2, it is characterized in that: described June, bright quantity allocation ratios with pollinizers were 3:1～3.
4. selection according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described June, bright quantity allocation ratios with pollinizers were 1:1.
5. selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the leading indicator of step (4) Observe and measure comprises fructescence, fruit shape, fruit top state, fruit mass, fruit face colouring degree, sticking freestone, soluble solid content, fruit texture, flesh color.
6. selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the leading indicator that step (5) is observed comprises fructescence, fruit shape, fruit top state, fruit mass, fruit face colouring degree, sticking freestone, soluble solid content, fruit texture, flesh color.
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| CN103125246B (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-07-09 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Root limiting cultivating method of quickly achieving peach filial generation seed selection |
| CN104351000A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-02-18 | 广西大学 | Culture method of pomelo hybrid |
| CN104770290B (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2017-01-11 | 山东省果树研究所 | Multi-parent seed reserving and selective breeding method of Taishanshuhong peaches |
| CN110679469B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2022-03-11 | 山东省果树研究所 | Crossbreeding method using peach variety as female parent |
| CN111670804A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-09-18 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Efficient pear tree breeding method |
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