CN107197771B - A kind of breeding method improving loquat quality - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method improving loquat quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN107197771B CN107197771B CN201710454758.6A CN201710454758A CN107197771B CN 107197771 B CN107197771 B CN 107197771B CN 201710454758 A CN201710454758 A CN 201710454758A CN 107197771 B CN107197771 B CN 107197771B
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- fruit
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- loquat
- rapeseed cake
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding methods for improving loquat quality.Fruit stone after being hybridized with green kind of the short handle of areal difference Loquat Cultivars and water chestnut kind is kind, cultivates sapling, fine individual plant can be screened after its natural result, numerous by grafting expansion, obtains excellent strain, can be applicable in production.The present invention implements cultivation management for Hybrid, is especially that main fertilizer provides suitable fertility for fruit tree using in due course, suitable fertilizing method to plant the organic fertilizer that area is easy to get, effectively increases the fruit quality of the Loquat Cultivars.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding methods for improving loquat quality, belong to loquat breeding and cultivation management technology neck
Domain.
Background technique
Loquat is the evergreen fruit trees of southern region of China specialty, and the autumn sprouts coltsfoot, and the spring ripens in summer in fact, is a kind of high-grade fruitlet.
The size and quality of loquat are that consumer chooses the weight of fruit in the market for the important indicator for measuring fruit quality and fruit
Selection gist is wanted, price differs several times.Therefore, in loquat breeding, high-quality big fruit is most important breeding objective.Equally, Pi
The cultivation management of rake is also an important factor for influencing loquat quality, in particular for different kinds, the method for fertilising and
There is certain difference in period etc..
As the improvement of people's living standards, domestic and international market is to loquat quality, more stringent requirements are proposed,
While asking loquat full of nutrition, also require that fruit is big, appearance is good, and require that core is small, core is few, meat more preferably, as meat is thin
Tenderization slag, aromatic, raciness (such as high sugar, low acid).The quality of fruit quality directly influences the competitiveness of product in market, produces
Product only have the powerful market competitiveness, could create higher economic benefit and society while meeting people's demand
It can benefit.
Before the present invention makes, in order to improve the quality of loquat, Chinese invention patent CN104145730A is disclosed
A kind of method increasing loquat sugar content, technical solution include using 0.1~0.2% chloropyuril soluble liquid 100
~110 times of liquid smear Loquat-Shaped Cake；In the loquat maturity period, 3~5 white sugar aqueous solutions of foliage-spray, to reach the Pi cultivated
Rake fruit sugar content is higher and the effect of pure in mouth feel.Chinese invention patent CN 101946673A provides one kind and is arranged by agricultural
The method for applying improving quality of loquat fruit, this method combine suspension magnet using orchard lay reflex film, can be dripped with reducing fruit
Fixed acid (TA), improves mature sarcocarp soluble solid (TSS) content and ripening fruits single fruit weight, to improve loquat mellow fruit
Real quality.The above method improve or has been improved only for some single aspect of loquat quality.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, providing one kind can be applicable in production, can comprehensively, effectively change
The breeding method of kind loquat quality, breeding and cultivation management method including Loquat Cultivars.
Realize that the technical solution of the object of the invention is to provide a kind of breeding method for improving loquat quality, including as follows
Step:
1, green kind of short handle, water chestnut kind are placed in same insect prevention separation net, using artificial mixed pollination, obtain fruit；Or
It is placed in same plastic film shed, is pollinated using bee-keeping, obtain fruit；
2, fruit picking take kind, sowing, when seedling sprouting grows to 8~15cm, every plant of fertilising includes 0.5~1.0kg sheep or rabbit
Excrement, 20~30g ternary compound fertilizer；In seedling 1~4 year, annual November to next year 2 months, every plant fertilising be rapeseed cake 0.5~
1.0kg, 0.5~1.25kg of sheep or rabbit excrement；
3, after 4~5 years, harvesting fruit identified, screening fruit type be greater than 40g, sugariness reach 15.5 or more it is excellent
Good single plant；
4, it using the branch on fine individual plant as scion, is grafted with 1~2 year stock；1~4 year after grafting definite value
Interior, annual November to next year 2 months, every plant of fertilising was 0.5~1.0kg of rapeseed cake, 0.5~1.25kg of sheep or rabbit excrement；
5, when fruit tree enters fruiting period, fruit thinning was carried out between April 5~10, retains 1~2 fruit on main item；After fruit thinning
Timely top dressing, every plant is applied 1.0~2.0kg of rapeseed cake, 50~100g of ternary compound fertilizer；
6, after picking, Yu Liuyue imposes fruit picking fertilizer, and every plant is applied 50~100g of ternary compound fertilizer again；
7, November to next year 2 months, to fruit tree basal dressing, 4~5 Nian Shengshu, every plant is applied 1.5~2.0kg of rapeseed cake, sheep or rabbit excrement
5.0~7.5kg；6~9 Nian Shengshu, every plant is applied 2.5~3.0kg of rapeseed cake, 10.0~11.5kg of sheep or rabbit excrement；It gives birth within 10 years or more
Tree, every plant is applied 4.0~5.0kg of rapeseed cake, 20.0~25.0kg of sheep or rabbit excrement.
Ternary compound fertilizer of the present invention is N15-P2O515-K2O15。
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: artificial mixed pollination is carried out using fly net isolation, or
It is closed using plastic film shed, bee-keeping pollination is cross-breeding with areal difference Loquat Cultivars, result can be improved
Rate improves fruit quality.Offspring can screen fine individual plant, numerous by grafting expansion after obtaining fruit identification, obtain excellent product
System, can be applicable in production.The present invention implements cultivation management for Hybrid, especially has with what plantation area was easy to get
Machine fertilizer is that main fertilizer is provided suitable fertility for fruit tree, fully and effectively mentioned using in due course, suitable fertilizing method
The high fruit quality of the Loquat Cultivars.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further elaborated with embodiment below.
Embodiment 1
Green kind is the Loquat Cultivars for originating in Law Firm Suzhou Jiangsu Wuzhong District Dongting Lake Western Hills, for local main breed, there is green kind of long handle
With green kind of two kinds of short handle.Tree vigo(u)r is stronger, and tree crown is carried out, and is in globular model, and branch is thicker.Leaf is big and stands upright, and leaf edge sawtooth is unknown
Aobvious, inflorescence density is medium.Fruit is rounded, and averagely heavy 33.2g, the greenish orange yellow in fruit face, thin skin is easily peelable, and young pilose antler is less, fruit face spot
Point concentrates on sunny slope fruit base portion, and when fruit maturation, the base of a fruit is still in green, therefore named.The greenish orange yellow of pulp, meat is more loose, thickness
Medium, juice is more, sugar content 9.6%, acid content 0.58%；3~4, every fruit seed, it is mature in local mid-June.But the kind
More demanding to soil, when fertility is poor, undergrowth is easily decayed.Equally, water chestnut kind is also to originate in Jiangsu Wu County Dongting Lake Western Hills
Loquat Cultivars, gain the name because the oblate summary of pulp is like water chestnut.Tree vigo(u)r is prosperous and powerful, tree crown globular model.Fruit size is neat, average weight
31.7g；Pericarp is orange-yellow, and fine hair is more, uniform thickness in pericarp, easily peelable, pulp yellowish white, juice mostly fine and smooth, soluble solid
Object 12.6%, edible rate 67.3%.Sweet, good quality, seed is big, 3~5, every fruit seed.This kind appearance is well-balanced, and flavor is good
Beauty resists cold, high yield, is not susceptible to burn day and dehiscent fruit, storage performance are good (referring to document: Cai Lihong chief editor " loquat " China
Agriculture publishing house December the 1st edition in 2012).Loquat Cultivars blueness kind and water chestnut kind of the present invention for existing Jiangsu Dongting Lake Western Hills
Deficiency existing for fruit quality provides a kind of breeding method for improving loquat quality, specific hybridization seed selection and cultivation management,
Specific step is as follows for the present embodiment:
1, green kind of short handle, water chestnut kind are subjected to propagation by grafiting respectively, form excellent maternal plant group；The purpose is to will derive from
The maternal plant group of Different Individual is conducive to improve fruiting rate and germination percentage, and reduction fruit tree genesis and development is bad or result quantities are few
Probability.
2, green kind of short handle that step 1 is bred and water chestnut kind maternal plant group are placed in same insect prevention separation net, using artificial
Mixed pollination method, obtains fruit.Since loquat is the entomophilous flower from awarding pollen, Winter blooming, therefore, with fly net be isolated into
Pedestrian's work mixed pollination, is cross-breeding, and fruiting rate can be improved, and improves fruit quality.Simultaneously as winter temperature is lower,
The closed method of plastic film shed can also be used, bee-keeping pollination is cross-breeding, obtains fruit.
3, fruit picking take kind, sowing, when seedling current year sprouting grows to 8~15cm, every plant of fertilising includes 20~30g rapeseed cake,
0.5~1.0kg sheep or rabbit excrement, 20~30g ternary compound fertilizer；1~triennial sapling, 2 months of November to next year, every plant of fertilising was
0.5~1.0kg of rapeseed cake, sheep or rabbit excrement 0.51.25kg.
Seedling growth to after 4~5 years, identified by harvesting fruit, and screening fruit type is greater than 40g, and sugariness reaches
15.5 or more fine individual plant；
4, it is grafted using the branch on fine individual plant as scion, can be grafted and connect in stock or big tree height, form excellent product
System.In the present embodiment, selecting 1~2 year raw seedling is that stock is grafted.
Its cultivation technique of Loquat Cultivars provided in this embodiment and local other breedings are substantially similar.In order to further increase
The quality of the fruit of the Loquat Cultivars of acquisition is cultivated according to the above method, and the present embodiment cultural technigue is the training for reinforcing the spring tip
It supports, has applied base manure, fruit picking fertilizer, reasonable flower and fruit thinning, pruning and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc..
In the present embodiment, fruit thinning method includes:
It carried out fruit thinning between April 5~10,1~2 fruit is retained on main item, according to the age of tree of fruit tree, growing way, there are
Certain hollow bar.
Fertilizing method includes:
2 months of November to next year, to fruit tree basal dressing, specifically: 4~5 Nian Shengshu, every plant is applied 1.5~2.0kg of rapeseed cake,
5.0~7.5kg of sheep or rabbit excrement；6~9 Nian Shengshu, every plant is applied 2.5~3.0kg of rapeseed cake, 10.0~11.5kg of sheep or rabbit excrement；10 years
Or more raw tree, every plant is applied 4.0~5.0kg of rapeseed cake, 20.0~25.0kg of sheep or rabbit excrement.
Timely top dressing after fruit thinning is the fruit tree of 7~8cm according to trunks of fruit trees diameter control dose, such as trunk diameter, often
1.0~2.0kg of rapeseed cake, 50~100g of ternary compound fertilizer are applied in strain.
After picking, Yu Liuyue imposes fruit picking fertilizer, and every plant is applied 50~100g of ternary compound fertilizer again.Meanwhile it should also be according to reality
Situation implements diseases prevention insect prevention measure.
In the present embodiment, the specification of ternary compound fertilizer is 15-15-15 N P and K.
The Loquat Cultivars of acquisition are cultivated according to the above method, and plant strain growth gesture is stronger, and tree crown brachycephalic, branch is sparse, main
Bar blueness brown, annual shoot dark green, blade ellipse, big and thick, leaf color is dark green, and apex is tapering.Spring, the tip was in mid-February
Growth, summer shoot mid-May pumping successively, autumn growth late August to pumping in October, the winter tip generally not pumping.It is main knot with summer shoot
Fruit mother's branch, at the beginning of flowering stage 11 months, in full-bloom stage 12 months, at the beginning of Flowers ending 1 month.Fruit started quickly to expand after April 22, directly
To 20 days or so May, it is raised slowly to fruit maturation again later, about by the end of May, entire fruit breeding time exists fructescence
145 days or so.
The loquat character obtained by the present embodiment method are as follows: mean fruit weight 41.5g indulges diameter 3.9cm, transverse diameter
4.1cm is bigger than maternal.Fruit subcircular, fruit base blunt circle, fruit top is flat wide, and sepal is open and flat, and calyx hole half is opened.Fruit colour is orange,
Pericarp rust staining is few, thickness 0.25mm, and peeling is easy.Flesh color is faint yellow, meat thickness 7.6mm, soft and succulency, flavor sweet tea, sugar content
15.5~16.4%, edible rate 63.1%, soluble solid 14~16%.Compared with green kind, single fruit weight, fruit in length and breadth
Diameter, peeling easy degree etc. significant difference, especially soluble solid have obvious offer.
Yield comparison: randomly selecting that 5 plants of age of trees are identical, and size is similar, and crown diameter is that 5~6m × 6~7m tree carries out survey production,
Continuous 3 years the result shows that, it is 71kg that the average strain in loquat 3 years that technical solution of the present invention provides, which produces, is improved than green kind
6.7kg。
The implementation of the technology of the present invention method, effectively increases the quality of loquat, and the excellent strain of acquisition can produce
Middle popularization and application, economic benefit are improved significantly.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of breeding method for improving loquat quality, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(1) green kind of short handle, water chestnut kind are placed in same insect prevention separation net, using artificial mixed pollination, obtain fruit；Or it is placed in
In same plastic film shed, is pollinated using bee-keeping, obtain fruit；
(2) fruit picking take kind, sowing, when seedling sprouting grows to 8~15cm, every plant of fertilising includes 0.5~1.0kg sheep or rabbit excrement,
20~30g ternary compound fertilizer；In seedling 1~4 year, annual November to next year 2 months, every plant of fertilising was 0.5~1.0kg of rapeseed cake,
0.5~1.25kg of sheep or rabbit excrement；
After (3) 4~5 years, harvesting fruit identified, screening mean fruit weight be greater than 40g, sugar content reach 15.5% with
On fine individual plant；
(4) it using the branch on fine individual plant as scion, is grafted with 1~2 year stock；After grafting field planting in 1~4 year,
Annual 2 months November to next years, every plant of fertilising are 0.5~1.0kg of rapeseed cake, 0.5~1.25kg of sheep or rabbit excrement；
(5) when fruit tree enters fruiting period, fruit thinning was carried out between April 5~10, retains 1~2 fruit on main item；After fruit thinning and
When top dressing, every plant is applied 1.0~2.0kg of rapeseed cake, 50~100g of ternary compound fertilizer；
(6) after picking, Yu Liuyue imposes fruit picking fertilizer, and every plant is applied 50~100g of ternary compound fertilizer again；
(7) November to next year 2 months, to fruit tree basal dressing, 4~5 Nian Shengshu, every plant is applied 1.5~2.0kg of rapeseed cake, sheep or rabbit excrement 5.0
~7.5kg；6~9 Nian Shengshu, every plant is applied 2.5~3.0kg of rapeseed cake, 10.0~11.5kg of sheep or rabbit excrement；10 years or more raw trees,
Every plant is applied 4.0~5.0kg of rapeseed cake, 20.0~25.0kg of sheep or rabbit excrement.
2. a kind of breeding method for improving loquat quality according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ternary
Compound fertilizer is N15-P2O5 15-K2O 15。
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108551951A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-09-21 | 福建农林大学 | A method of promoting the cultivation loquat tree body of root growth |
| CN110214616B (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2021-07-27 | 贵阳市农业试验中心 | Rapid cultivation breeding method for new loquat hybrid variety |
| CN115997676A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-04-25 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Breeding method of white loquat and method for shortening childhood |
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| KR20120052134A (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-23 | 원은미 | Graft loquat tree |
| CN103461099A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-25 | 四川农业大学 | Method for creating novel white flesh loquat strain by taking red flesh loquat variety as material |
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2017
- 2017-06-15 CN CN201710454758.6A patent/CN107197771B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20120052134A (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-23 | 원은미 | Graft loquat tree |
| CN103461099A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-25 | 四川农业大学 | Method for creating novel white flesh loquat strain by taking red flesh loquat variety as material |
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| Seed formation in triploid loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) through cross-hybridization with pollen of diploid cultivars;Shinji Kikuchi等;《Breeding Science》;20140630;第64卷(第2期);176-182 |
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