CN103120109A - Breeding and planting method for Qinyang apples - Google Patents
Breeding and planting method for Qinyang apples Download PDFInfo
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- CN103120109A CN103120109A CN2013100575697A CN201310057569A CN103120109A CN 103120109 A CN103120109 A CN 103120109A CN 2013100575697 A CN2013100575697 A CN 2013100575697A CN 201310057569 A CN201310057569 A CN 201310057569A CN 103120109 A CN103120109 A CN 103120109A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for Qinyang apples. A novel type of early maturing apples is selected from Royal Gala seedlings according to a breeding target. A planting method for the Qinyang apples comprises the following steps: the planting environment is a plain ground or a sloping ground with a small sloping degree, wherein the plain ground or the sloping ground is leeward and exposed to the sun and has good fertilizer and water conditions; the planting soil is yellow loessal soil or sandy soil; and the planting space is 2 m to 2.5 m*4 m. When being pruned, young trees can be pruned slightly and placed for a long time and vertical braches or opening angles of the vertical branches can be removed appropriately. Any type of apple tree Tengmu No.1, apple tree Fuji, apple tree Pink Lady or apple tree American No.8 is used as a pollinizer and nursery stock breeding can be dwarf cultured by adoption of self-rooted rootstock or inter stock. The Qinyang apples bred by the method has the advantages of precocity, high quality, high yield, strong comprehensive resistance, wide adaptability, good economic benefits and the like, thereby according with market expectations better.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apple cross breeding and cultivation method,, particularly a kind of breeding of new varieties apple and cultivation method, belong to agricultural biological technical field.
Background technology
Apple breeding must improve outward appearance to improve output, and the enhancement fruit quality is main target, breeds to adapt to different regions different condition, all good new varieties of color, smell and taste.In order to reach the high yield requirement, at first the breeder is placed on notice on the tree body structure and fruit bearing habit that forms the high yield factor, guarantees that the new varieties result early, easily forms bud, has the ability of being annual fruiting.The requirement fruit size is moderate, and shape is neat, and color and luster is beautiful, and is no matter red, yellow or green, all pure in good take true qualities, so that dense red fruit is more welcome comprehensively.Fruit quality requirement flesh texture is delicate, juice is many, sweet and sour palatability, has the fragrance that most people can be accepted.New varieties must adapt to the weather in producing region.The breeding approach mainly contains following several respects: the 3. bud mutation 5. 6. 7. biotechnology of radioinduction of polyploid breeding of 4. crossbreeding of choosing seeds of choosing seeds that 2. 1. introducing a fine variety grows directly from seeds.
Along with developing rapidly of Chinese national economy, the domestic and international market competition is day by day acutely changeable, China's apple production outlet keeps steady-state growth, but because China's apple variety type does not match, topology layout is unreasonable, new varieties are bred slow, upgrade to lag behind, and being affects Apple Export to bottleneck high-level, the high benefit development.Therefore, must accelerate cultivation, the conversion of new varieties, for integrated, promote the development of novel Apple Industry chain to specialization in production, scale, production and marketing.For many years, for shortening the fruit breeding cycle, improve breeding efficiency, many positive exploration and practices have been done by Apple breeding unit both at home and abroad, but this problem is not really solved in the breeding practical application, and its basic reason also is not yet set up easy and simple to handle, an effective system of selection of cover and select index for different breeding objectives.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the existing deficiency of prior art, a kind of breeding and cultivation method of New Variety Qin sun apple are provided, the Qin Yang apple that cultivates by this method has that precocity, high-quality, high yield, comprehensive resistance are strong, wide adaptability, the characteristics such as good in economic efficiency, more meets market and expects.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme that the foregoing invention purpose is taked is: a kind of breeding method of Qin Yang apple, drawn the precocious Variety of Apple of selecting in seedling by imperial loud, high-pitched sound according to breeding objective.
A kind of cultivation method of Qin Yang apple, described planting environment be leeward on the sunny side, fertilizer and water condition flat land or the gradient less hillside fields preferably, cultivating soil is with loessal soil or sandy loam, seeding row spacing is 2-2.5 * 4m, during pruning, treelet should light pruning length be put, remove in right amount vertical branch or to the vertical branch spreading angle, adopt rattan to herd that in No. eight, No. 1, Fuji, Pink Lady, the U.S., any apple tree is pollinizers, seedling propagation adopts M
26From root anvil or interstock dwarfing culture.
The invention has the advantages that educating the Qin Yang apple by the present invention has following distinguishing feature:
1, prematurity: 1. early blossoming, early bearing, morning get bumper crops, and give birth to the tree per mu yield and can reach 1972kg in 4 years.2. prematurity: sprout in 3 months, bloom on April, lower ripe in 7 months, fruit development period 103 days.3. flower early begins: 2 beginning at age of grafting the bow structure fruit.
2, high-quality: fruit is large, single fruit weight 198～245g, and the fruit subcircular, fruit shape is rectified, and without rib, background color is yellowish green, and striped is red, the pulp yellow-white, meat is thin, and is crisp, many in juice, and the hardness of fruit is 6.45kg/cm
2, soluble solid content is 12.03%, total sugar content 11.22%, and local flavor is sweet, and fragrance is arranged, and quality is good.
3, high yield stability: the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school is partially prosperous, and tree performance is opened a business, and germination rate is high, a little less than becoming principal stresses, easily forms brachyplast, and biennial branch germination rate is 87.5%, and take the fruit spur result as main, fruit-setting rate is high, and yielding ability is good.
4, comprehensive resistance: by system's observation for many years, great disease does not occur in this kind mildew-resistance, early defoliation disease, and drought resistance is good.
5, adaptation zone: wide adaptability, all can cultivate in the apple normal region.
6, development prospect and economic benefit: the ripe listing of " Qin Yang " mid or late July, can Adjusting market dull season, higher economic benefit is arranged.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, principle of the present invention and advantage are further elaborated.
Embodiment:
Breeding method:
The parent selects: drawn by imperial loud, high-pitched sound and select in seedling.
Its growth and development process:
1. habit of growth: the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school is partially prosperous, and tree performance is opened a business, and tree crown is conical, and dryness is strong, and germination rate is high, a little less than becoming principal stresses, easily forms brachyplast.
2. the even property of yielding positive results: treelet is take long fruit branch and axillary bud result as main, but becomes to set age all results of long, medium and short branch and axillary bud, take the fruit spur result as main.This kind germination rate is high, a little less than becoming principal stresses, easily forms brachyplast, Yi Chenghua, and natural percentage of fertile fruit is high, sprouts in 3 months, blooms on April, and is lower ripe in 7 months, fruit development period 103 days.
Early fruiting character is good, two the age can begin bow structure fruit of grafting.
3. good quality and high output: fruit is large, single fruit weight 198～245g, and the fruit subcircular, fruit shape is rectified, and without rib, background color is yellowish green, and striped is red, the pulp yellow-white, meat is thin, and is crisp, many in juice, and the hardness of fruit is 6.45kg/cm
2, soluble solid content is 12.03%, total sugar content 11.22%, and local flavor is sweet, and fragrance is arranged, and quality is good.Yielding ability is good, 2 years high age of tree per mu yield 149.5kg that connect, and 2002-2004, between 3 years, the per mu yield average year increases by 37%.
Cultivation method:
1. the garden of building should select leeward on the sunny side, the fertilizer and water condition hillside fields of flat land or the gradient less (6-15 degree) preferably.
2. tree-like and planting patterns: select slender spindle like or free spindle, planting patterns: seeding row spacing 2-2.5 * 4m.During pruning, treelet should light pruning length be put, and removes in right amount vertical branch or to the vertical branch spreading angle, and the slow growth gesture is beneficial to become in early days the bow structure fruit.
3. pollinizers: herd No. 1, Fuji, Pink Lady, the U.S. with rattan and do pollinizers No. eight.
4. control tree vigo(u)r, in time pruning, rationally rich water, prevent that tree vigo(u)r is excessively prosperous, promotes early blossoming, early bearing, early gets bumper crops.
5. seedling propagation: adopt the twig vegetative propagation to cultivate nursery stock.This invention is with M
26Dwarf rootstocks or dwarfing interstock are cultivated nursery stock.
Though it is pointed out that above-described embodiment to the present invention's detailed text description of contrasting, these text descriptions are just to the simple description of mentality of designing of the present invention, rather than to the restriction of thinking of the present invention.Any combination, increase or modification that is no more than mentality of designing of the present invention all falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the breeding method of a Qin Yang apple, is characterized in that, drawn the precocious Variety of Apple of selecting in seedling by imperial loud, high-pitched sound according to breeding objective.
2. the cultivation method of Qin Yang apple according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described planting environment be leeward on the sunny side, fertilizer and water condition flat land or the gradient less hillside fields preferably, cultivating soil is with loessal soil or sandy loam, seeding row spacing is 2-2.5 * 4m, and during pruning, treelet should light pruning length be put, and removes in right amount vertical branch or to the vertical branch spreading angle, adopt rattan to herd that in No. eight, No. 1, Fuji, Pink Lady, the U.S., any apple tree is pollinizers, seedling propagation adopts M
26From root anvil or interstock dwarfing culture.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2013100575697A CN103120109A (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-05 | Breeding and planting method for Qinyang apples |
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| CN2013100575697A CN103120109A (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-05 | Breeding and planting method for Qinyang apples |
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| CN103120109A true CN103120109A (en) | 2013-05-29 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104255362A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for growing annual multi-branch dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings |
| CN111133944A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-05-12 | 山东农业大学 | Production method for advancing maturation period of Fuji apples |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102630497A (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2012-08-15 | 北京市农林科学院 | Apple dwarfing interstock nursery stock early spring double-grafting method |
| CN102715018A (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2012-10-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | Two-year quick breeding method for dwarfing interstock sound seedlings of apples |
-
2013
- 2013-02-05 CN CN2013100575697A patent/CN103120109A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102630497A (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2012-08-15 | 北京市农林科学院 | Apple dwarfing interstock nursery stock early spring double-grafting method |
| CN102715018A (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2012-10-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | Two-year quick breeding method for dwarfing interstock sound seedlings of apples |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 鲁玉妙 等: "秦阳苹果品种特性及栽培技术", 《山西果树》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104255362A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for growing annual multi-branch dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings |
| CN111133944A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-05-12 | 山东农业大学 | Production method for advancing maturation period of Fuji apples |
| CN111133944B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2023-06-06 | 山东农业大学 | Production method for early maturing period of Fuji apples |
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Application publication date: 20130529 |