CN103975739B - The propagation method of a kind of Pasania cuspidata young anvil grafting container seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a propagation method for grafting container seedlings of Corycetaceae young stock, comprising the operation steps of cultivating the young stock and grafting and propagating. The method is to select ordinary Cortex polycarpa seeds, soak the seeds in clear water for 1 day before sowing, and then use dichloride Insect solution seed dressing, and then use wet sand to store the seeds, take out the germinated seeds from the wet sand and sow them in the seedling container to cultivate rootstocks, strengthen water and fertilizer management and pest control after the seedlings are unearthed, and the seedlings can be used for grafting when the ground diameter is more than 0.3cm. The semi-lignified branches are collected from the fine Kemu multi-spice tree as the scion for grafting, and grafted by cutting. Stop fertilization to make the grafted seedlings fully lignified, and the grafted seedlings can go out of the nursery for afforestation in the next spring. The invention can maintain the excellent characteristics of the mother tree, has a high survival rate, has a simple and convenient cultivation method, is easy to popularize, and is suitable for large-scale production of dwarf intensive cultivation and management of multi-scary colea forest.

Description

A kind of propagating method of grafted container seedlings of Polyacaceae young stock

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant vegetative propagation, and relates to a propagation method of Polyacaceae, in particular to a propagation method of grafted container seedlings of Polyacaceae young stock.

Background technique

Lithocarpus polystachyus , also known as Lithocarpus polystachyus, is an evergreen or small tree with a height of 7-15m. It is a tropical and subtropical tree species, distributed in the provinces south of the Yangtze River, and also found in India and Thailand. Polygonaceae is a precious medicinal tree species. The medicinal components of Polygonaceae are mainly flavonoids, the content of which is greater than 30%. Among them, phlorizin and trilobatin of dihydrochalcone glycosides are the focus of people's attention. . The flavonoids of Polyacae flavonoids have strong anti-oxidation and various health care functions. In recent years, studies have found that Polyacaceae and its extracts have obvious effects of lowering blood sugar and blood lipids. The sugar extracted from young leaves can be used for Drinking by diabetics plays an important role in promoting the control and treatment of diabetes, which is generally concerned in the world.

The pigment can be extracted from the young leaves of Duospikeae, and the yield of the pigment can reach about 10% of the dry leaf weight. It is a brown granular refined product, does not absorb moisture and deteriorates, can be stored for a long time, has no peculiar smell, and is water-soluble. Good, strong tinting power, stable color to light and heat, the pigment has passed the toxicity toxin test and acute toxicity test, it is a practical non-toxic grade, high food safety, can be used for sugar coating of candies, cola drinks, ice cream, prepared wine and medicines coloring. The young leaves and buds of Duosuike are used to make Duosuike "sweet tea" for drinking. It has a good color and taste and has a history of thousands of years. The development and utilization of Coryne multispike has become a hotspot of current exploration and research.

At present, the multi-spike Kedo is mainly propagated by seeds, but the seed propagation needs to go through the storage and germination process of more than 4 to 5 months, and the seed germination is not uniform, and the offspring propagated by seeds are highly differentiated, and it is difficult to maintain the excellent traits of the female parent. . However, the traditional cutting propagation method of T. twig is cultivated, the breeding cycle is long, the rooting rate is unstable, and the survival rate is not high, which is not conducive to the large-scale production and development and application of T. twig propagation. At present, most of the raw materials for "Sweet Tea" of Duosuike come from naturally growing Duosuike sweet tea plants. However, due to scattered resources, tall trees, and time-consuming and labor-intensive leaf picking, the large-scale development of Duosuike sweet tea is seriously restricted. The propagation of container seedlings grafted on young stock of Polyacaceae has the characteristics of simple operation, fast propagation speed and high survival rate of afforestation. At the same time, it also maintains the excellent economic characteristics of the female parent of Polyacaceae, and the tree shape is dwarfed, which is conducive to intensive cultivation and afforestation. The harvesting of leaves can be applied to actual production on a large scale.

Therefore, under the new situation that Duaxacae has attracted much attention from the society, it is of great significance to innovate a method for asexual reproduction of Duaxacae to promote the high-quality, high-efficiency, and large-scale rapid development of Duaxacae.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for grafting and propagating seedlings by using the young stock of Aceae multiscionae with short cultivation period, fast propagation speed, maintaining the excellent economic traits of the female parent, dwarfing the tree shape, and being easy to operate.

The present invention realizes above-mentioned object through following technical scheme:

A method for propagating container seedlings grafted from young stock of Polyacaceae, characterized in that: it comprises the steps of cultivating the young stock and grafting and propagating to obtain high-quality Polyacaceae seedlings, and its operation steps are as follows:

1. Cultivation of young stock

(1) Seedbed and container preparation: choose a leeward sunny place with good drainage to build a seedbed, fill the seedling container with nutrient soil, and place it neatly on the seedbed. 4～5∶5～6, mixed well and prepared, the seedling container adopts 10 cm×12 cm degradable non-woven seedling bag, 1 day before sowing, potassium permanganate with a weight concentration of 0.1% is routinely used for nutrition The soil is disinfected.

(2) Seed treatment: choose ordinary polyacia seeds, soak them in water for 1 day before sowing, then use trichlorfon solution with a weight concentration of 0.2% to dress the seeds, cover with plastic film for insecticide, and then use wet sand To store seeds, the volume ratio of sand to seeds is 1:1.

(3) Sowing: After the seeds are stored for a period of time to germinate from February to March of the following year, the germinated seeds are taken out of the wet sand and sown in a seedling container filled with nutrient soil, and each container bag is sown 1 grain, covered with 1 cm thick soil.

(4) Young rootstock management: water regularly after sowing to keep moist, start fertilizing 20 days after the seedlings are unearthed, mainly use the aqueous solution of commercially available compound fertilizer, weed and fertilize once every 15 days, and spray the weight of the compound fertilizer for the first time The concentration is 0.5%, and then the weight concentration of fertilization is gradually increased to 1.5%; water is often used to keep the nutrient soil moist, and the trichlorfon powder with a weight concentration of 90% is added to 800 times of water to prevent and control insect pests every month. Grafting was carried out when it reached more than 0.3 cm.

2. Grafting and breeding

(1) Spike preparation: Collect semi-lignified branches from excellent Kemu trees as spikes, cut off half of each leaf on the spikes, wrap every 50 leaves in a bundle, and use wet towels to keep moisture.

(2) Grafting: use the seedlings of Dosa seedlings with a ground diameter of 0.3 cm or more as the rootstock, and use the cutting grafting method to graft. First, use branch scissors to cut off the rootstock at a distance of 10 to 12 cm from the base of the rootstock, and use a grafting knife to cut off the rootstock at the cross-section of the rootstock. Cut off the surface vertically to a depth of 1.5 cm, then cut the scion strips into 3-4 cm long scions with 1-2 buds remaining, cut both ends of the scion at 45° bevels, and cut only the lower end of the top tip into Cut a 1.5cm-long wound on the long surface of the lower end of the scion at a 45° angle, cut to the depth of the xylem, quickly insert it into the incision of the rootstock, align the cambiums of the scion and the rootstock, and tie them tightly with plastic film tape .

(3) Management after grafting: After grafting, cover the shed with a transparent plastic film to keep moisture, and cover the sunshade net to shade the seedlings, and keep the humidity in the shed at 85-90%; when the scion pulls out new shoots, uncover the plastic film and remove the rootstock in time Gradually uncover the sunshade net after the new shoots are mature, and cultivate grafted seedlings under full light; strengthen water and fertilizer management and pest control at the seedling stage, the method is the same as rootstock management, but stop fertilization after winter, so that the grafted seedlings Fully lignified, the grafted seedlings can be out of the nursery for afforestation in the spring of the next year.

The outstanding beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention is a breakthrough in the asexual propagation technology of Polyacaceae. It utilizes the young stock of Polyacaceae for grafting and propagation, and rapidly propagates in large quantities the seedlings of Polyacaceae with excellent economic characteristics of the female parent. Dwarf intensive cultivation can promote the high-quality, high-efficiency and rapid development of Duosuike.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below through specific implementation examples.

Example 1:

1. Cultivation of young stock

(1) Seedbed and container preparation: choose a leeward sunny place with good drainage to build a seedbed, fill the seedling container with nutrient soil and place it neatly on the seedbed. The formula of the nutrient soil is 4 parts of Huang Ni and 6 parts by volume ratio Coconut bran was mixed well, and the seedling container was made of degradable non-woven seedling bags of 10 cm×12 cm, and the nutrient soil was sterilized with 0.1% potassium permanganate one day before sowing.

(2) Seed treatment: In October 2012, the common polyacia seeds harvested in the same year were selected, soaked in water for 1 day before sowing, then mixed with 0.2% trichlorfon solution and covered with plastic film to kill the seeds. insects, and then store the seeds with wet sand, the volume ratio of sand to seeds is 1:1.

(3) Sowing: After the seeds are stored for a period of time to germinate, they will start to germinate in February of the following year. On February 15, the germinated seeds are taken out of the wet sand and sown in seedling containers filled with nutrient soil to cultivate rootstocks. Each container Sow 1 seed in a bag and cover with 1 cm thick soil.

(4) Young rootstock management: water regularly after planting to keep moist, start fertilizing 20 days after the seedlings are unearthed, mainly compound fertilizer, weeding and fertilizing once every 15 days, often watering to keep the nutrient soil moist, use 90% of the fertilizer every month Trichlorfon 800 times liquid was sprayed to prevent and control pests, and grafting was carried out when the ground diameter of young anvils reached more than 0.3 cm.

2. Grafting and breeding

(1) Collection of cuttings: On September 10, 2013, semi-lignified branches were collected from the excellent Kemu tree as cuttings, half of each leaf on the cuttings was cut off to reduce water consumption, and a bundle of 50 pieces Wrap up and moisturize with a wet towel, etc.

(2) Grafting: On September 10th, 2013, the seedlings of Acaeaceae with a ground diameter of more than 0.3 cm were used as rootstocks, and grafted by cutting. The grafting knife is cut vertically on the cross-section of the rootstock to a depth of 1.5 cm, and then the scion is trimmed into 3-4 cm long scions with 1-2 buds remaining. Both ends of the scion are cut at 45° obliquely, and the top Only the lower end of the tip is cut into a 45° bevel, and a 1.5cm long wound surface is repaired on the long surface of the lower end of the scion. The depth reaches the xylem, and is quickly inserted into the cut of the rootstock. The belt is tightly wrapped from bottom to top.

(3) Management after grafting: After grafting, set up an arch shed and cover it with a transparent plastic film to keep it moist, and cover it with a sunshade net to shade the seedlings, and keep the humidity in the shed at 85-90%; The sprouts growing on the rootstock make the nutrient supply concentrated for the growth of the scion; after the first new shoot matures, the sunshade net is gradually uncovered, and the grafted seedlings are cultivated under full light; in November 2013, the grafting survival rate reached 92.6%; Strengthen water and fertilizer management and pest control in the early stage, the method is the same as rootstock management, but stop fertilization after winter, so that the seedlings are fully lignified, and the grafted seedlings can be out of the nursery for afforestation in the next spring.

Example 2:

In mid-March 2014, semi-lignified branches were collected from the excellent Kemu tree as cuttings, and half of the leaves on the cuttings were cut off, and every 50 pieces were bundled, and moistened with wet towels.

From March 11th to 13th, 2014, the seedlings of Polyacaceae seedlings with a ground diameter of more than 0.3 cm were used as rootstocks, and grafted by cutting. The cross-section of the rootstock is cut vertically to a depth of 1.5 cm, and then the scion is cut into 3-4 cm long scions with 1-2 buds left. The lower end is cut at a 45° bevel, and a 1.5 cm long wound surface is trimmed on the long surface of the lower end of the scion. The depth reaches the xylem, and is quickly inserted into the incision of the rootstock. The phloem of the scion and the rootstock are aligned with each other. And wrap it tight.

After grafting, cover the shed with transparent plastic film and sunshade net to keep moisture and shade, and keep the humidity in the shed at 85-90%; when the scion sprouts new shoots, uncover the plastic film, and remove the sprouts on the rootstock in time, so that the nutrition can be supplied in a concentrated manner For the scion to grow; after the first shoot matures, the sunshade net is gradually uncovered, and the grafted seedlings are cultivated under full light; on April 29, 2014, the grafting survival rate reached 93.7%.

Example 3:

In December 2012, the common Tacau seeds were selected, soaked in water for 1 day before sowing, then dressed with trichlorfon solution with a weight concentration of 0.2%, and covered with a plastic film for insecticide, and then stored the seeds with wet sand , the volume ratio of sand to seeds is 1:1. After the seeds are stored for a period of time to germinate until March 2013, the germinated seeds are taken out from the wet sand and sown in a seedling container filled with nutrient soil to cultivate rootstocks, sow 1 seed in each container bag, and cover the soil with a thickness of 1 cm . Before planting, choose a leeward sunny place with good drainage to build a seedbed, fill the seedling container with nutritious soil, and place it neatly on the seedbed. The formula of the nutritious soil is prepared by mixing 4 parts of huangni and 5 parts of coconut bran according to the volume ratio of the raw materials. 10 cm × 12 cm degradable non-woven fabric seedling bags were used for the seedling raising container, and the nutrient soil was disinfected with 0.1% potassium permanganate by weight concentration one day before sowing.

Water regularly after sowing to keep moist, and start fertilizing 20 days after the seedlings are unearthed. With the aqueous solution of compound fertilizer for seedlings on the market, weeding and fertilizing once every 15 days, the weight concentration of the first spraying compound fertilizer is 0.5%, and then fertilizing The weight concentration is gradually increased to 1.5%; water is often used to keep the nutrient soil moist, and the trichlorfon powder with a weight concentration of 90% plus water is sprayed with 800 times of water to prevent and control insect pests. Grafting is carried out when the ground diameter of the young stock reaches more than 0.3 cm.

The semi-lignified branches are collected as spikes from the good Kemu polycystica, and half of each leaf on the spikes is cut off, and every 50 leaves are bundled up, and moistened with a wet towel or the like. Use the seedlings of Dosacae seedlings with a ground diameter of 0.3 cm or more as rootstocks, and adopt the cutting grafting method. First, use branch shears to cut off the rootstock at a distance of 10 to 11 cm from the base of the rootstock, and use a grafting knife to cut vertically on the cross-section of the rootstock. The depth reaches 1.5 cm, and then the scion is cut into 3 to 4 cm long scion with 1 to 2 buds. Both ends of the scion are cut at 45° obliquely, and only the lower end of the top tip is cut at 45° obliquely. Cut a 1.5cm long wound surface on the long face of the scion lower end, cut the cutting depth to reach the xylem, insert in the otch of stock rapidly, the cambium of both scion and root stock are aligned mutually, bind tightly with plastic film band. After grafting, build an arched shed to cover the transparent plastic film to keep it moist, and cover the sunshade net to shade the seedlings, and keep the humidity in the shed at 85-90%; when the scion pulls out new shoots, uncover the plastic film, and remove the sprouts grown on the rootstock in time; Gradually uncover the sunshade net after the new shoots are mature, and cultivate grafted seedlings under full light; strengthen water and fertilizer management and pest control at the seedling stage, the method is the same as rootstock management, but stop fertilization after winter, so that the grafted seedlings are fully lignified, April 2014 On the 26th, the grafting survival rate was checked to reach 94.48%, and the grafted seedlings came out of the nursery for afforestation.

Claims (4)

1. a propagation method for Pasania cuspidata young anvil grafting container seedling, is characterized in that: comprise young anvil and cultivate and propagation by grafiting step, and obtain high-quality Pasania cuspidata nursery stock, its operating procedure is as follows:

(1) young anvil is cultivated

1. seedbed and container prepare: select leeward on the sunny side, the place of good water permeability builds seedbed, container for plant growth is filled Nutrition Soil, is neatly placed on seedbed, sow first 1 day and with the potassium permanganate that weight concentration is 0.1%, Nutrition Soil is carried out disinfection routinely;

2. seed treatment: select common Pasania cuspidata seed with Seed soaking 1 day before sowing, then is the chlorophos solution seed dressing of 0.2% by weight concentration, and covers plastic film and carry out desinsection, and then with wet husky stored seeds, volume ratio that is husky and seed is 1: 1;

3. sow: germinate February next year to March after seed storage vernalization, the seed of germination is taken out from wet sand sowing and cultivate stock in the container for plant growth filling Nutrition Soil, each container bag sows 1, and blinding 1cm is thick;

4. young anvil management: after planting regularly trickle moisturizing, nursery stock strengthens water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest after being unearthed, and seedling leading thread reaches more than 0.3cm for grafting;

(2) propagation by grafiting

1. fringe bar prepares: on excellent Pasania cuspidata elite stand, gather the fringe bar of semi-lignified branch as grafting, the blade of often opening on fringe bar cuts off half, and every 50 a bundles wrapping, carries out moisturizing with wet towel;

2. grafting: reach the Pasania cuspidata seedling of more than 0.3cm for stock with leading thread, adopts the grafting of cut-grafting method;

3. managing after grafting: take shed after grafting and cover overlay moisturizing, and cover sunshade net to nursery stock shading, keep canopy humidity 85 ~ 90%, after young sprout is extracted in scion out, open plastic film, the rudiment in time removing stock grown; After young sprout is aging, opens sunshade net gradually, under full light, cultivates grafting; Strengthen water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest seedling stage, method manages with stock, but stops fertilising after entering the winter, makes the abundant lignification of grafting, can go out garden afforestation to spring next year grafting.

2. the propagation method of a kind of Pasania cuspidata young anvil grafting container seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the formula of described Nutrition Soil by volume feed is: yellow mud: coconut palm chaff=4 ~ 5: 5 ~ 6; Described container for plant growth adopts the degradable nonwoven fabrics Seedling bag of 10cm × 12cm.

3. the propagation method of a kind of Pasania cuspidata young anvil grafting container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, fertilising is started after nursery stock is unearthed 20 days, based on the aqueous solution of commercially available composite fertilizer, every weeding in 15 days and fertilising 1 time, the weight concentration spraying composite fertilizer for 1st time is 0.5%, and weight concentration of applying fertilizer subsequently is increased to 1.5% gradually; Frequent trickle keeps Nutrition Soil moistening, monthly adds water 800 times with the trichlorphon original powder of weight concentration 90% and sprays pest control.

4. the propagation method of a kind of Pasania cuspidata young anvil grafting container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: first described cut-grafting method grafting is cutting off stock from stock base portion 10 ~ 12cm place with secateurs, vertically cut with the cross section of grafting knife at stock, the degree of depth reaches 1.5cm, then fringe bar is cut into the long scion remaining with 1 ~ 2 bud of 3 ~ 4cm, angle at 45 ° is all cut at scion two ends, angle at 45 ° is only cut in lower end by the top tip, the wound face that a 1.5cm is long is cut in the long face of scion lower end, cut the degree of depth and reach xylem, in the otch of rapid insertion stock, scion is alignd mutually with the formation layer of stock, bind with plastic film tape.