CN103081699B - Oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting propagation method in winter and spring - Google Patents
Oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting propagation method in winter and spring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting propagation method in winter and spring. The oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting propagation method in winter and spring comprises processes such as stock cultivation, seedling growing bed preparation, seedling growing container preparation, grafting, grafted seedling planting, and seedling management. By heating a germination bed in winter and spring and utilizing the lifting-type seedling growing bed for growing seedlings, oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting and grafted seedling cultivation are achieved in winter and spring, cultivation in an enclosed high-temperature and high-moisture environment is guaranteed for the initial stage of the oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting, the survival rate reaches to 98.56%, average height in the same year reaches to 28.34 cm, and the ground diameter is 3.56 mm. Therefore, the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is increased, the grafted seedlings are capable of coming out of a nursery in the same year, the seedling cultivation circle is shortened, the using rate of cutting wood is increased, and the survival rate and seedling growing quality of oil camellia large-scale grafting are effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the propagation method of a kind of oil tea, particularly a kind of oil tea winter-spring season Nurse seed grafting propagation method.
Background technology
Oil tea (
camelliaspp.) be the productive oil species of most in Theaceae Camellia, sensu lato oil tea refers to that in Camellia Plants, seed oil content is higher, and has certain cultivation to manage the general designation of the seeds of area.Oil tea originates in and mainly plants in China, with olive, oil palm, coconut be called the large traditional oil tree in the world four, national existing camellia oleifera lam area about 4,000,000 hm
2, account for more than 80% of China's woody edible oil material seeds area under cultivation.The major product of oil tea is tea oil, and be the health type edible oil that food and agricultural organization of united state emphasis is promoted, its unsaturated fatty acid content, up to more than 90%, is described as " east olive oil ".In recent years, because country widelys popularize oil tea plantation, the demand of nursery stock resource is especially aobvious in short supply.
Mainly contain Nurse seed grafting method, autumn branches method and cuttage three kinds in the asexual reproduction method of oil tea, wherein Nurse seed grafting due to easy and simple to handle, survival rate is high and after grafting survival growth rapidly most widely used aborning.Oil tea can take out the tip repeatedly in 1 year, mainly contain the spring tip, summer shoot and autumn growth, and Nurse seed grafting nursery is mainly carried out in 5 ~ June in producing at present, what utilize is the spring tip, low to the availability of autumn growth, not only cause fringe bar to waste, and due to the grafting initial stage nursery stock need close hot and humid environment condition under cultivate, thus very easily by damage by disease and insect impact and be lowered into motility rate.We utilize autumn growth to carry out Nurse seed grafting in winter, spring by testing discovery for many years, effectively can improve fringe bar availability, shortening seedling raise period and the wooden amount of nursery stock is good.Have not yet to see the oil tea winter, carry out the relevant report of Nurse seed grafting spring.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention: utilize autumn growth to carry out the technical problem of Nurse seed grafting for solving oil tea in winter, spring, the propagation method of the oil tea Winter-Spring Nurse seed grafting that a kind of fringe bar availability is high, cultivation period is short, graft survival rate is high, seedling quality is excellent, seedling cost is low is provided.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of oil tea Winter-Spring Nurse seed grafting propagation method, comprise stock to cultivate, seedling bed prepares, and container for plant growth prepares, grafting, to plant grafting, seedling management operation, in Winter-Spring by heating to germination bed, the nursery of elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, can quickly breeding Winter-Spring Nurse seed grafting oil tea nursery stock, main operational steps is as follows:
(1) stock is cultivated: concrete operations are in 10 ~ November, ripe Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit is plucked and gets kind, in cool canopy ground or select leeward on the sunny side, the open area of good water permeability builds underground heat oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock and cultivates bed, or adopt elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed to be that oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock cultivates bed, with the potassium permanganate of 0.1%, Seed of Camellia oleifera is carried out disinfection, the Seed of Camellia oleifera rinsed well is laid in cultivate on bed and carries out sand Tibetan vernalization;
(2) seedling bed prepares: in cool canopy, arrange elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed arranges cover film;
(3) container for plant growth prepares: container for plant growth is loaded matrix and be placed in elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, sterilize for subsequent use;
(4) grafting: in 1 ~ February, will urge the oil tea stock of bud to take out in germination bed, clear water is cleaned, and cuts stock; Semi-lignified or lignified fringe bar are whittled into single leaf simple bud scion of 2 ~ 3cm; The scion of cutting carefully is inserted in the stock of riving, ensure to have at least the formation layer of stock and scion to align, wrap up in aluminium suitcase, clutch;
(5) to plant grafting: plant in container for plant growth by the nursery stock grafted, the depth of planting has just been buried with the seed of stock and has been advisable, and irrigates water immediately; The moisturizing of bow member cover film is propped with bamboo chip after watering;
(6) seedling management: mainly carry out that rudiment is wiped out, the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect.
Above-described elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, adopts the pressure lifting type seedling raising bed of the applicant's invention, China Patent No. CN201110072188.7; Pressure lifting type seedling raising bed is arranged in geosyncline, operation and go up ground when adopting sunshine.
Above-described pressure lifting type seedling raising bed or add illumination lamp and/or heater.
Above-described matrix is yellow soil and/or the matrix being mixed into a small amount of husk, peat soil.
Above-described container for plant growth is the nutrition cup or nutritious bag of using biodegradable fiber material or plastic film to make, and container for plant growth specification is 8cm × 12cm.
Above-described stock of cutting controls within 8cm by the radicle length of oil tea stock, and above plumule cotyledon, 2 ~ 3cm place cuts off, and is rived by stock downwards from otch along medulla, the degree of depth 1.4 ~ 1.6cm.
Above-described to cut scion be that oil tea scion bottom is retained 1.8 ~ 2.1cm apart from axillalry bud is long, and it be wedge that lower end grafting knife is whittled into double inclined plane, inclined-plane 1.3 ~ 1.5cm, bud upper end reservation 2 ~ 3mm.
The above seedling management is after grafting survival, monthly execute the bran cake liquid manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 ~ 2 time, at grafting growth animated period, within every 10 ~ 15 days, carry out foliage fertilization 1 time, with concentration be 0.2 ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade, and in conjunction with foliar application, add with trichlorphon original powder 1000 ~ 2000 times of liquid and 1000 ~ 1200 times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.
The present invention has the following advantages relative to prior art:
1, the present invention carries out the grafting of oil-tea sprout anvil in winter-spring season, grafting nursery stock is cultivated at lifting seedling bed, ensure that the oil-tea sprout anvil grafting initial stage need cultivate under the hot and humid environment condition closed, survival rate is up to 98.56%, thus improves grafting plant percent.
2, the present invention carries out the grafting of oil-tea sprout anvil in winter-spring season; grafting then average height reaches 28.34cm; leading thread is 3.56mm; nursery stock can go out garden then; not only shorten growing-seedling period; improve the availability of fringe bar, and effectively can improve survival rate and the seedling growth quality of oil tea scale grafting.
Embodiment
By specific embodiment given below, the present invention can be well understood to further, but they not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1, stock is cultivated
On October 26th, 2011, fetch after Guangxi forest-science academy oil tea excellent strain being collected the abundant maturation of C. olelfera Cen soft family fruit in garden, Exposure to Sunlight was dried in the shade after 2 days, and taking-up seed of manually peeling off, selects disease-free, and the full greatly tea seed of grain is planted.Seed is pulled out after clear water soaks 2 hours put into 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate soak 20 minutes, take out after clear water rinse.
In cool canopy, ground is high with brick one-tenth 30cm, 1m is wide, and what 10m was long builds up underground heat oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock cultivation bed, adopts ground heater wire heating, first bottom cultivation bed, spread one deck and be about the thick fresh mild-crude river sand of 10cm, then the seed rinsed well is laid in and cultivates on bed, the cultivation bed of every square metre lays 15kg seed, covers the wet sand that 10 ~ 12cm is thick, note keeping river sand moistening, carry out sand and hide vernalization, humidity is with agglomerating by grasped, and loosing one's grip scatters is advisable.Cultivate plastic film covering on bed, surrounding sandstone compacting, prevents from being opened by wind.Cultivate bed control temperature 23 ~ 25 DEG C, after mid-January, within every 5 days, observe once husky rudiment situation of hiding seed, husky hide 30 days afterwards visible 32.42% seed grow radicle, after 50 days, the seed base-root of 78.61% obviously extends, average length 4.58cm, and the seed of 26.73% can be observed obvious plumule.On January 26th, 2012, investigation showed: the seed of 98.22% all observes plumule, and plumule average length is 5.36cm, rugosity 2.57mm, and the plumule rugosity of 86.25% has exceeded 2.0mm, now starts for Nurse seed grafting.
2, grafting is cultivated
The elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed of cover film is set in the geosyncline in cool canopy, seedling bed goes up ground, by specification be nutritious bag that the biodegradable fiber material of 8cm × 12cm makes load yellow soil, husk and peat soil be 8: 2: 3 mixed-matrix grow seedling nutritional bag be placed in elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, plant seedling the previous day with 0.1% the rear clear water of potassium permanganate sterilization irrigate.On February 3rd, 2012, take out having urged the oil tea stock of bud, clear water is cleaned, the radicle length of stock is controlled within 7cm, above plumule cotyledon, 2 ~ 3cm place cuts off, rived by stock along medulla downwards from otch, the degree of depth 1.4 ~ 1.6cm, the stock cut is put into plastic basin wet towel and is covered moisturizing.Scion variety is soft No. 3 of Cen, picks up from Guangxi forest-science academy Camellia Oleifera Clones cutting orchard.Select to do scion without the raw lignification autumn growth last year that obvious damage by disease and insect, eye are full, the double inclined plane wedge being about 1.3 ~ 1.5cm is down being whittled into apart from both sides, 2 ~ 4mm place, axillalry bud bottom, retain 2 ~ 3mm place in bud upper end and block the scion of formation single leaf simple bud, stay half leaf or full leaf, scion is put into plastic basin wet towel and cover moisturizing.The scion of cutting carefully is inserted in the stock of riving, ensure to have at least the formation layer of stock and scion to align, with wide 6 ~ 10mm, be about the aluminum slice parcel of 3cm, clutch, put into basin wet towel and cover, plant in half an hour; In nutritious bag matrix, insert a vesicle with bamboo let, plant wherein by the nursery stock grafted, the degree of depth has just been buried with seed and has been advisable, and returns soil and soil pressure is real with bamboo let, and irrigates water immediately.The thick agricultural film moisturizing of 0.3mm is covered after watering.Nursery stage therebetween, fall in geosyncline in 10 days by plantation, and plant after 10 days, seedling bed is gone up ground by daytime, and seedling bed is fallen in geosyncline by evening by seedling bed.Grafting heals into live time and about needs 20 ~ 30 days, should not open film during moisturizing except the extermination of disease and insect pest process of necessity; When the healing of seedling grafting mouth is good, and more than at least 60% plant sprouts during pumping young sprout, film can be taken off.Grafting plantation investigation in latter 30 days, the nursery stock of 87.16% heals, and has the nursery stock eye of 46.58% to sprout.After grafting survival, monthly executing bran cake concentration of becoming thoroughly decomposed for 1 ~ 2 time is the liquid manure of 5%, and the bran cake liquid manure made of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is with by following mass percent: bran cake fertilizer 75%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, bone meal 5% raw material mixing retting; At grafting growth animated period, within every 10 ~ 15 days, carry out foliage fertilization 1 time, with concentration be 0.2 ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade, and in conjunction with foliar application, add with trichlorphon original powder 1000 ~ 2000 times of liquid and 1000 ~ 1200 times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.60 days " Invest, Then Investigate "s, start to take off film after the plant pumping young sprout of 75.26%, now investigate survival rate to 98.56%.Investigate nursery stock average height 28.34cm December then, leading thread is 3.36mm.
Embodiment 2
1, stock is cultivated
On October 26th, 2011, fetch after Guangxi forest-science academy oil tea excellent strain being collected the abundant maturation of C. olelfera Cen soft family fruit in garden, Exposure to Sunlight was dried in the shade after 1 day, manually to peel off taking-up seed, the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed that cover film is set in cool canopy intergeosyncline is adopted to cultivate bed as oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock, first bottom cultivation bed, spread one deck and be about the thick fresh mild-crude river sand of 6cm, then the seed rinsed well is laid in and cultivates on bed, the cultivation bed of every square metre lays 15kg seed, cover the wet sand that 8cm is thick, note keeping river sand moistening, carry out sand and hide vernalization, humidity is with agglomerating by grasped, loosing one's grip scatters is advisable.With the potassium permanganate of 0.1%, Seed of Camellia oleifera is carried out disinfection, the Seed of Camellia oleifera rinsed well is laid on wet sand, then cover the thick wet sand of one deck 6cm, seedling bed is fallen in geosyncline and carry out sand Tibetan vernalization; Husky Tibetan is after 10 days, and seedling bed is gone up ground by daytime, and seedling bed is fallen in geosyncline by evening.Husky hide 30 days afterwards visible 32.16% seed grow radicle, after 50 days, the seed base-root of 78.52% obviously extends, average length 4.43cm, and the seed of 26.21% can be observed obvious plumule.On January 27th, 2012, investigation showed: the seed of 97.73% all observes plumule, and plumule average length is 5.42cm, rugosity 2.55mm, and the plumule rugosity of 85.34% has exceeded 2.0mm, now starts to be applied to Nurse seed grafting.
2, grafting is cultivated
The elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed of cover film is set in the geosyncline in cool canopy, seedling bed goes up ground, by specification be the film nutrition cup of 8cm × 12cm load yellow soil, husk and peat soil be 8: 1.5: 2 mixed-matrix soil-blocks for seedlings be placed in elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed and sterilize; On January 28th, 2012, will the oil tea stock of bud urged to take out, clear water be cleaned, and controls within 8cm by the radicle length of stock, and above plumule cotyledon, 2 ~ 3cm place cuts off, and is rived by stock downwards from otch along medulla, the degree of depth 1.4 ~ 1.5cm stock.Scion variety is soft No. 3 of Cen, picks up from Guangxi forest-science academy Camellia Oleifera Clones cutting orchard.Lignified fringe bar bottom is retained 1.8 ~ 2.0cm apart from axillalry bud long, it is wedge that lower end grafting knife is whittled into double inclined plane, inclined-plane 1.3 ~ 1.5cm, and bud upper end retains single leaf simple bud scion of 2 ~ 3mm; The scion of cutting carefully is inserted in the stock of riving, ensure to have at least the formation layer of stock and scion to align, wrap up in aluminium suitcase, clutch; Being planted by the nursery stock grafted fills in the container of matrix, and the depth of planting has just been buried with the seed of stock and has been advisable, and irrigates water immediately; Nursery stage therebetween, fall in geosyncline in 6 days by plantation, and plant after 6 days, seedling bed is gone up ground by daytime, and seedling bed is fallen in geosyncline by evening by seedling bed.Grafting is planted investigation in latter 30 days, and the nursery stock of 87.31% heals, and has the nursery stock eye of 46.12% to sprout.After grafting survival, monthly executing bran cake concentration of becoming thoroughly decomposed for 1 ~ 2 time is the liquid manure of 5%, and the bran cake liquid manure made of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is with by following mass percent: bran cake fertilizer 75%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, bone meal 5% raw material mixing retting; At grafting growth animated period, within every 10 ~ 15 days, carry out foliage fertilization 1 time, with concentration be 0.2 ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade, and in conjunction with foliar application, add with trichlorphon original powder 1000 ~ 2000 times of liquid and 1000 ~ 1200 times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.60 days " Invest, Then Investigate "s, start to take off film after the plant pumping young sprout of 76.25%, now investigate survival rate to 97.6%.Investigate nursery stock average height 29.46cm December then, leading thread is 3.56mm.
Embodiment 3
In by the end of October, 2010, the C. olelfera fruit of harvesting ripe in garden is collected from Guangxi forest-science academy oil tea excellent strain, Exposure to Sunlight was dried in the shade after 1 day, peeled off after taking out seed and soaked 2 hours with clear water, then pulled the liquor potassic permanganate immersion sterilization in 20 minutes of putting into 0.1% out.Select leeward on the sunny side, the open area of good water permeability builds underground heat oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock and cultivates bed, carry out sand November 5 and hide vernalization, first bottom germination bed, spread one deck is about the thick fresh mild-crude river sand of 9cm, then the seed rinsed well is laid in, seed avoids overlap as far as possible, and cover the thick wet sand of 9 ~ 13cm, finally on germination bed, cover thin film, surrounding sandstone compacting.Auxiliary heating 18 ~ 23 DEG C sand hide 30 days afterwards visible 34.20% seed grow radicle, after 50 days, the seed base-root of 73.46% is stretched to 2.5 ~ 5.6cm, and the seed of 25.61% exposes plumule.On February 3rd, 2011, investigation showed: the seed of 92.46% all observes plumule, and plumule average length is 5.98cm, rugosity 2.42mm, and the plumule rugosity of 83.51% has exceeded 2.0mm, now starts to carry out Nurse seed grafting, and scion variety is soft No. 2 of Cen.Grafting, plant and seedling management method with embodiment 1.Grafting is planted investigation in latter 30 days, and the nursery stock of 84% heals; After grafting, 60 days investigation survival rate are to 96.9%, and the plant of 74.2% starts pumping young sprout, now takes off film and starts to carry out fertilising and extermination of disease and insect pest work.Investigate seedling height average out to 27.79cm then December, leading thread 3.14mm.
Claims (4)
1. an oil tea Winter-Spring Nurse seed grafting propagation method, it is characterized in that: comprise stock and cultivate, seedling bed prepares, and container for plant growth prepares, grafting, to plant grafting, seedling management operation, in Winter-Spring by heating to germination bed, the nursery of elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, can quickly breeding Winter-Spring Nurse seed grafting oil tea nursery stock, main operational steps is as follows:
(1) stock is cultivated: concrete operations are in the 10-11 month, ripe Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit is plucked and gets kind, in cool canopy ground or select leeward on the sunny side, the open area of good water permeability builds underground heat oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock and cultivates bed, or adopt elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed to be that oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock cultivates bed, seed is pulled out after clear water soaks 2 hours, potassium permanganate with 0.1% to carry out disinfection immersion 20 minutes to Seed of Camellia oleifera, is laid in by the Seed of Camellia oleifera rinsed well to cultivate on bed to carry out sand Tibetan vernalization;
Described sand is hidden vernalization and lay 15kg seed on the cultivation bed of every square metre;
(2) seedling bed prepares: in cool canopy, arrange elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed arranges cover film;
(3) container for plant growth prepares: container for plant growth is loaded matrix and be placed in elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, sterilize for subsequent use;
(4) grafting: in 1 ~ February, will urge the oil tea stock of bud to take out in germination bed, clear water is cleaned, and cuts stock; Semi-lignified or lignified fringe bar are whittled into single leaf simple bud scion of 2 ~ 3cm; The scion of cutting carefully is inserted in the stock of riving, ensure to have at least the formation layer of stock and scion to align, wrap up in aluminium suitcase, clutch;
Described stock of cutting controls within 8cm by the radicle length of oil tea stock, and above plumule cotyledon, 2 ~ 3cm place cuts off, and is rived by stock downwards from otch along medulla, the degree of depth 1.4 ~ 1.6cm;
Described single leaf simple bud scion is that oil tea scion bottom is retained 1.8 ~ 2.1cm length apart from axillalry bud, and it is wedge that lower end grafting knife is whittled into double inclined plane, inclined-plane 1.3 ~ 1.5cm, and bud upper end retains 2 ~ 3mm;
(5) to plant grafting: plant in container for plant growth by the nursery stock grafted, the depth of planting has just been buried with the seed of stock and has been advisable, and irrigates water immediately; The moisturizing of bow member cover film is propped with bamboo chip after watering;
Described container for plant growth is the nutrition cup or nutritious bag of using biodegradable fiber material or plastic film to make, and container for plant growth specification is 8cm × 12cm;
(6) seedling management: mainly carry out that rudiment is wiped out, the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect;
Described seedling management is after grafting survival, monthly execute the bran cake liquid manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 ~ 2 time, at grafting growth animated period, within every 10 ~ 15 days, carry out foliage fertilization 1 time, with concentration be 0.2 ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade, and in conjunction with foliar application, add with trichlorphon original powder 1000 ~ 2000 times of liquid and 1000 ~ 1200 times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.
2. oil tea Winter-Spring according to claim 1 Nurse seed grafting propagation method, is characterized in that: described elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed is arranged in geosyncline, operation and go up ground when adopting sunshine.
3. oil tea Winter-Spring according to claim 2 Nurse seed grafting propagation method, is characterized in that: described elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed or add illumination lamp and/or heater.
4. oil tea Winter-Spring according to claim 1 Nurse seed grafting propagation method, is characterized in that: it is yellow soil and/or the matrix being mixed into a small amount of husk, peat soil that described seedling container loads matrix.
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