CN103477890A - Reshaping trimming method for high-illumination-efficiency shape of close-planting persimmon tree - Google Patents
Reshaping trimming method for high-illumination-efficiency shape of close-planting persimmon tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reshaping trimming method for a high-illumination-efficiency shape (one central stem with two branches) of a close-planting persimmon tree. The method specifically comprises after a plant is planted, determining the stem height to be 40-50 centimeters from the root; when the new shoots grow up to be 20 centimeters long, selecting one vertical and robust new shoot to cultivate a central stem; selecting two staggered, opposite, uniformly-growing new shoots as principal branches, which are extends towards the line space, and removing other long branches to form a horizontal shape to control the growth of the principal branches and prompt maturity of branches and flower buds for early fruit bearing, taking no action on other short branches; during winter trimming, trimming the central stem with a length of 40-50 centimeters retained, truncating the principle branches at the position of about 50 centimeters and taking no action on other branches; performing reshaping according to the method above in the next year and the third year to fundamentally completing the reshaping task. The close-planting persimmon tree with the high-illumination-efficiency shape of one central stem with two branches is rapid in shaping, good in light illumination, early in blossoming and fruit bearing, high in yield and fruit quality and capable of facilitating manual or mechanical operation and management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit tree shaping trimming method, relate to specifically the tree-like shaping and trimming method of the high light efficiency of a kind of persimmon dense planting.
Background technology
The persimmon dryness is strong, grows vigorous, and apical dominance is obvious.Past is continued to use the large hat cultivation of thin planting always, as a result evening, yields poorly.Some problems of persimmon pruning ubiquity: some masses thinks that persimmon need not prune mistakenly, lets alone growth, and some masses prunes blindly, makes to set body unbalance.Cause many persimmons garden tree-like more disorderly, on tree, bough is many, and sprig is few, and the major branch angle is not opened a business, and ventilation and penetrating light is bad, interior thorax inanition, and setting fruit position moves outward, starts fruit-growing time evening, enters high yield late, yields poorly and unstable, and high quality fruit is few.Adopt traditional shaping and trimming method, the Chang Yinqi dryness is strong, causes tree-like high ambassador to pluck inconvenience.
Be badly in need of dense planting, short hat, easy printing opacity, the convenient cultivation Training system of plucking and getting bumper crops in production.The high light efficiency of dense planting of persimmon " two wholeheartedly " shape is tree-like can reach these requirements, and seeding row spacing is 3 * 5m～2 * 4m, and height of tree crown is controlled at 2.5～3m, and moulding is fast, and result early, get bumper crops, and technology is simple, and manageability is worth further research and extension.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide the tree-like shaping and trimming method of the high light efficiency of a kind of persimmon dense planting, overcomes defect and the deficiency of existing persimmon shape, reaches the saving of labor, manageability, ventilation and penetrating light is good, and the purpose of high yield and high quality is beneficial to apply aborning.
Provided by the present invention is the tree-like shaping and trimming method of the high light efficiency of a kind of persimmon dense planting, and it comprises:
Within the 1st year, prune: after seedling planting, select full bud surely dry, heading height 40～50cm, clip varnishes with lacquer.When the long 20cm rice of young sprout, from top, select 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center dry, with bamboo pole by fixedly righting of nursery stock.Select 2 straggly to life, growth potential evenly, the young sprout that stretches in the ranks makes major branch, two main branch angles are generally 80 °～90 °.All the other long shoots take branch, make its one-tenth horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, short its early bearing.In all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless.Young sprout enters the every strain under the tree dish of vigorous growth after date and spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 50g, waters immediately, is total to then Nitrogen Top Dressing 2-3 time, impels the branch Fast Growth.Winter, while cutting, at the full bud of 40-50cm place cutting back, is led dry advantage with the maintenance center to the trunk elongated shoot.Center is dry cut and cut after, carve bud in middle and lower part.In the 50cm left and right, place carries out cutting back to major branch, and the clip bud stays lateral bud or outer bud, and all the other branches are slow to be put.
Within the 2nd year, prune: dry top, ，Dui in May center branch should adopt and take branch, smooth out with the fingers the method control growing ways such as branch, to promote to carve the growth of bud position branch.Start to draw branch after entering September, all branches on the major branch of bottom all are pulled to 80-90 °, these branches, after getting rid of and put next year, can be cultivated into fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Should note utilizing the space of center around dry while drawing, the branch on each plane is pulled open to different directions, guarantee not overlapping up and down.Winter cuts the dry elongated shoot in Shi，Dui center and takes the prosperous branch of doing with the pruning ，Jiang center that a little less than weak branch, bud is taken the lead to remove from base portion, and all the other branches delay and put without exception, its result of one-tenth flower relief, and be transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster; The major branch elongated shoot is taken the lead cutting back to strengthen bud, to cultivate into little fruit-bearing shoot cluster.The overstocked branch that interior thorax is sprouted, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, and to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition.
Within the 3rd year, prune: look the dry elongated shoot in the strong and weak ，Jiang center of tree height and tree vigo(u)r and take the lead gently or remove, all the other branches are not wanted cutting back, and the sparse branching of take is gentle puts as main, and renewal bounces back after result.As dry as center too prosperous and powerful, also can carry out the girdling processing, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak down.Slowly then put into colored branch and see the bud retraction.In hat, overstocked useless branch suitably removes.The major branch extending head is strong bud cutting back generally, during the cutting in the winter of angle too small also optional healthy and strong branch behind change a spreading angle.Growth season, to all young sprouts of putting on branch that get rid of, is stayed the pinching of 15cm left and right when it grows to the 20cm left and right, impels it to be converted into medium fruit branch, and notes increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.The branch that evened up on major branch autumn all is converted into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster, is evened up to get rid of on the branch of putting to form leafage branch, fruit spur and medium fruit branch, and so far, the tree body is shaped substantially, the 3rd year can a small amount of result.
Described tree-like be that 1 layer of major branch (2 major branches of base portion) and 1 center are dry.
Described tree-like heading height 40～50cm.
No longer be equipped with side shoot on described tree-like major branch, the left and right sides directly is equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
All kinds of branch of the dry evenly outfit in the center groups that described tree-like major branch is above, and take medium and small branch group as main.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: persimmon provided by the invention " two are wholeheartedly " shape shaping and trimming method, concrete advantage is as follows:
It has solved, and the persimmon kind adopts traditional shaping and trimming method to go into operation to move outward in evening, setting fruit position, the deficiency of interior thorax branches and leaves baldness, is to realize persimmon early bearing, comparatively suitable tree-like of high yield early.Persimmon adopts this tree-like, is conducive to strengthening tree body skeleton, strengthens anti-adversity ability; Growth season pinching, be conducive to impel bud to break up in advance, avoided summer high temperature season, overcome the malformed fruit phenomenon and strengthened the continuous bearing capacity of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.In addition, tree bottom two scaffold limbs are the step plane, and skeleton is firm, can be used as and plucks the ladder that the persimmon fruit is trampled, and is conducive to improve work efficiency.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
(1) implement instantiation:
Test in Huayang garden, Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute and carry out.Experimental cultivar is 4 years living Japanese Sweet Persimmons " inferior youth ", " Buddhist temple ball " persimmon.Adopt " two are wholeheartedly " shape (being the tree-like of the application) and evacuation layering shape tree-like, the north and south row to.The tree-like seeding row spacing 3m * 4m of " two wholeheartedly " shape, evacuate layering shape seeding row spacing 4m * 4m.
(2) implement to process
Every kind tree-like selects 8 strains, and individual plant is 1 community.The investigation height of tree, crown diameter, number of results, major branch extending head new-tip length and rugosity (base portion 5cm place).Front single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal and transverse demeter, the soluble solid content of selecting at random 30 fruits investigation mellow fruits of gathering, data are averaged.Branch criteria for classification during investigation is that long shoot is greater than 50cm, middle 25～50cm, brachyplast 2～25cm, leafage branch are shorter than 2cm.
It is research object that the mensuration of light intensity and photosynthetic parameters be take ' inferior youth ' kind.
Light intensity is measured: with level meter and TASI-631 illuminometer dot type probe, measure and process tree different levels, the intensity of illumination at position and the natural daylight intensity of opening, its ratio is as its Relative light intensity intensity (light transmittance).Test minute 4 treatment region ，Ge district tests are processed and are randomized arrangement, and the individual plant community, repeat for 3 times.Light intensity is measured Fen Dong, south, west, 4, north direction, then divides in length and breadth 4 sections equally by the different height of trees and branch exhibition, determines that the point that all directions are intersected in length and breadth is the light intensity measuring point, and every strain tree single photometry point is 36.Minute forms initial stage (June) to leaf curtain due to the leaf curtain and forms final period (August), within per month 5,15 and 25 days, measures, and minute 8,11,14 and 17: 4 period fixed points are carried out, overcast and rainy postponing.
Photosynthetic parameters is measured: respectively at the photosynthetic parameters of measuring processing leaf sheet at 10 o'clock and 14 o'clock of 6-mid-August, 1 time per month, instrument is CI-310 (U.S. CID company).Respectively get outside upper 2 points of interior neutralization by orientation, 4 of the four corners of the world, the crosspoint in length and breadth of the mid point that outside upper point is vertical direction top and middle part line and horizontal direction middle part and peripheral line mid point, the crosspoint in length and breadth of thorax and middle part line mid point in the mid point that interior mid point is vertical direction bottom and middle part line and horizontal direction.Two measuring points are pressed different directions cross exchanged position, survey the relevant parameters such as Net Photosynthetic Rate under its natural daylight.8 of every tree unitary determination points, get average after often clicking 3 leaf replications.
Carry out significance of difference analysis with statistical software.
(3) implementation result
1, different tree form affects the persimmon early fruiting character
By table 1, found out, the persimmon of two kinds 2 years gives birth to tree Flowering Plants rate, and " two wholeheartedly " shape tree is far above evacuating layering shape tree, as the Flowering Plants rate of " inferior youth " persimmon " two wholeheartedly " shape is 35.1%, than what evacuate layering shape, exceeds 22.5 percentage points; " two the wholeheartedly " shape of giving birth to tree in 3 years number of bearing fruit is 30.2, than many 27.8 of evacuation layering shape.This is too much owing to evacuating layering shape cutting back, and the branch level is time more and cause that the Flowering Plants rate is low and several few causes of bearing fruit, and adopts while evacuating layering shape and only has slow put and the branch of pinching in early days has into colored phenomenon.
The early fruiting character of table 1 different tree form persimmon
2, the impact of different tree form on the persimmon bulk-growth
As shown in Table 2, less to the height of tree of giving birth to tree employing " two wholeheartedly " shape in 4 years of 2 persimmon kinds, crown diameter is larger, and it is convenient that height of tree reduction is conducive to pluck; Brachyplast and leafage branch number account for the percentage of total amount, and " two wholeheartedly " shape, higher than evacuating layering shape tree, illustrates " two wholeheartedly " shape Early fertile capability than evacuating the good of layering shape; From single plant yield, " two wholeheartedly " shape, because the branches and leaves amount is few, yields poorly than evacuating layering shape tree, if dense planting will be far above the output of evacuating layering shape tree.
The upgrowth situation of table 2 different tree form persimmon
3, the photosynthetic effect of different tree form relatively
As table 3, although the photosynthetic effect of two kinds of tree-like outsides and full tree and inner intensity of illumination there are no significant difference, but the inside photosynthetic active radiation of " two wholeheartedly " shape closes speed apparently higher than spindle with winning honour for, illustrate that the large tree of Qiao Guan is by after reducing height of tree degree and shrinking the cleaning transformation of branch exhibition, the ventilation and penetrating light condition of tree body has obtained effective improvement, but limb and branch that evacuation layering shape is continued to employ due to middle part are relatively many, so the photosynthetic successful of its tree body inside is not as good as " two wholeheartedly " shape.
From the ventilation and penetrating light angle, evacuate layering shape and compare the still larger defect of existence with " two wholeheartedly " shape.
Photosynthetic effect and the intensity of illumination of table 3 different tree form persimmon
4, the different tree form light transmittance relatively
The light transmittance (table 4) at tree body different levels and position shows, 2 kinds tree-like except vertical direction top light transmittance is close, no matter other all sites are vertical direction or horizontal direction or integral body, the light transmittance of " two wholeheartedly " shape is significantly higher than evacuates layering shape, especially particularly outstanding in the performance of tree crown middle and lower part.Further prove the penetrating advantage of light path of " two wholeheartedly " shape, formed the raising of the stable and quality of output.
The light transmittance of table 4 different tree form persimmon
5, the fruit yield of different tree form and quality are relatively
Table 5 can find out, the fruit quality index of " two wholeheartedly " shape all is greater than evacuates shape, and wherein, single fruit weight, soluble sugar content difference have reached significance level.
The fruit yield of table 5 different tree form and quality
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the tree-like shaping and trimming method of the high light efficiency of persimmon dense planting, is characterized in that, it comprises:
Within the 1st year, prune: after seedling planting, select full bud surely dry, heading height 40～50cm, clip varnishes with lacquer, when the long 20cm rice of young sprout, from top, select 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center dry, with bamboo pole by fixedly righting of nursery stock, select 2 straggly to life, growth potential evenly, the young sprout that stretches in the ranks makes major branch, two main branch angles are 80 °～90 °, and all the other long shoots take branch, make its one-tenth horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, short its early bearing, in all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless; Young sprout enters the every strain under the tree dish of vigorous growth after date and spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 50g, waters immediately, is total to then Nitrogen Top Dressing 2-3 time, impels the branch Fast Growth; Winter, while cutting, at the full bud of 40-50cm place cutting back, is led dry advantage with the maintenance center to the trunk elongated shoot, center is dry cut and cut after, carve bud in middle and lower part; In the 50cm left and right, place carries out cutting back to major branch, and the clip bud stays lateral bud or outer bud, and all the other branches are slow to be put;
Pruning in the 2nd year: dry top, ，Dui in May center branch adopts and takes branch, smoothes out with the fingers a method control growing way, to promote to carve the growth of bud position branch; Start to draw branch after entering September, all branches on the major branch of bottom all are pulled to 80-90 °, these branches are after getting rid of and put next year, can cultivate into fruit-bearing shoot cluster, should note utilizing the space of center around dry while drawing, branch on each plane is pulled open to different directions, guarantee not overlapping up and down, winter is while cutting, to the dry elongated shoot in center, take the prosperous branch of doing with the pruning ，Jiang center that a little less than weak branch, bud is taken the lead to remove from base portion, all the other branches delay and put without exception, become its result of flower relief, and be transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster; The major branch elongated shoot is taken the lead cutting back to strengthen bud, and to cultivate into little fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the overstocked branch that interior thorax is sprouted, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, and to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition;
Within the 3rd year, prune: look tree height and tree vigo(u)r power, the dry elongated shoot in center is taken the lead gently or removes, all the other branches are not wanted cutting back, the sparse branching of take is gentle puts as main, and after result, bouncing back, it is dry too prosperous and powerful to upgrade the ，Ru center, also can carry out the girdling processing, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak downly, slowly then put into colored branch and see the bud retraction; In hat, overstocked useless branch suitably removes, and the major branch extending head is strong bud cutting back generally, and during the cutting in the winter of angle too small, the healthy and strong branch behind of choosing changes a spreading angle; Growth season, to all young sprouts of putting on branch that get rid of, is stayed the pinching of 15cm left and right when it grows to the 20cm left and right, impels it to be converted into medium fruit branch, and notes increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer; The branch that evened up on major branch autumn all is converted into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster, is evened up to get rid of on the branch of putting to form leafage branch, fruit spur and medium fruit branch, and so far, the tree body is shaped substantially, within the 3rd year, gets final product a small amount of result;
Within the 4th year, the tree body starts large result, and shoot growth eases up, and tree vigo(u)r is basicly stable, starts to enter high yield, stable production period.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described tree-like be that 2 major branches of base portion and 1 center are dry.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described tree-like heading height 40～50cm.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that no longer being equipped with side shoot on described tree-like major branch, and the left and right sides directly is equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
5. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that all kinds of branch of the dry evenly outfit in the above center of described tree-like major branch groups, and take medium and small branch group as main.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN104823741A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-12 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Hedgerow training method for sweet persimmon |
| CN109479555A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-19 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | A kind of silk flosssilk wadding wood central authorities leader does tree-like pruning method |
| CN114303693A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104823741A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-12 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Hedgerow training method for sweet persimmon |
| CN109479555A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-19 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | A kind of silk flosssilk wadding wood central authorities leader does tree-like pruning method |
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| CN114303693A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
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