CN103477890B - Reshaping trimming method for high-illumination-efficiency shape of close-planting persimmon tree - Google Patents
Reshaping trimming method for high-illumination-efficiency shape of close-planting persimmon tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reshaping trimming method for a high-illumination-efficiency shape (one central stem with two branches) of a close-planting persimmon tree. The method specifically comprises after a plant is planted, determining the stem height to be 40-50 centimeters from the root; when the new shoots grow up to be 20 centimeters long, selecting one vertical and robust new shoot to cultivate a central stem; selecting two staggered, opposite, uniformly-growing new shoots as principal branches, which are extends towards the line space, and removing other long branches to form a horizontal shape to control the growth of the principal branches and prompt maturity of branches and flower buds for early fruit bearing, taking no action on other short branches; during winter trimming, trimming the central stem with a length of 40-50 centimeters retained, truncating the principle branches at the position of about 50 centimeters and taking no action on other branches; performing reshaping according to the method above in the next year and the third year to fundamentally completing the reshaping task. The close-planting persimmon tree with the high-illumination-efficiency shape of one central stem with two branches is rapid in shaping, good in light illumination, early in blossoming and fruit bearing, high in yield and fruit quality and capable of facilitating manual or mechanical operation and management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit tree shaping trimming method, relate to the shaping and trimming method that a kind of persimmon dense planting specular removal is tree-like specifically.
Background technology
Persimmon dryness is strong, and grow vigorous, apical dominance is obvious.Past continues to use the large hat cultivation of thin planting always, and result is late, yields poorly.Some problems of persimmon pruning ubiquity: some masses thinks that persimmon need not be pruned mistakenly, let alone growth, some masses prunes blindly, makes tree body unbalance.Cause many persimmon gardens tree-like more disorderly, on tree, bough is many, and sprig is few, and major branch angle is not opened a business, and ventilation and penetrating light is bad, and interior thorax is hollow, moves outside setting fruit position, starts fruit-growing time evening, to enter high yield late, yields poorly and unstable, and high quality fruit is few.Adopt traditional shaping and trimming method, Chang Yinqi dryness is strong, causes tree-like high ambassador to pluck inconvenience.
Production is badly in need of dense planting, short hat, easily printing opacity, the convenient cultivation Training system plucked and get bumper crops.The dense planting specular removal of persimmon " two wholeheartedly " shape is tree-like can reach these requirements, and seeding row spacing is 3 × 5m ~ 2 × 4m, and height of tree crown controls at 2.5 ~ 3m, and soon shaping, and result early, is got bumper crops, and technology is simple, and manageability is worth further research and extension.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide the tree-like shaping and trimming method of a kind of persimmon dense planting specular removal, overcomes defect and the deficiency of existing persimmon shape, reaches saving of labor, manageability, ventilation and penetrating light is good, the object of high yield and high quality, is beneficial to apply aborning.
Provided by the present invention is the tree-like shaping and trimming method of a kind of persimmon dense planting specular removal, and it comprises:
Within 1st year, prune: select full bud surely to do after seedling planting, heading height 40 ~ 50cm, clip varnishes with lacquer.When the long 20cm rice of young sprout, select from top 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center to do, with bamboo pole, nursery stock is fixed righting.Select 2 straggly to life, growth potential evenly, the young sprout stretched in the ranks makes major branch, two main branch angles are generally 80 ° ~ 90 °.All the other long shoots carry out taking branch, make it become horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, its early bearing short.In all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless.Young sprout enters the every strain under tree dish of vigorous growth after date and spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 50g, waters immediately, is total to Nitrogen Top Dressing 2-3 time then, impels branch to grow fast.Winter, when cutting, to trunk elongated shoot at 40-50cm full bud place cutting back, leads dry advantage to keep center.Center is dry cut and cut after, carve bud in middle and lower part.Carry out cutting back at about 50cm place to major branch, clip bud stays lateral bud or outer bud, and all the other branches are slow to be put.
Within 2nd year, prune: May, top branch is done to center and should adopt by branch, smooth out with the fingers the method control growing ways such as branch, to promote the growth of carving bud position branch.Start after entering September to draw branch, all branches on the major branch of bottom are all pulled to 80-90 °, these branches, after getting rid of and put next year, can be trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Should note utilizing center to do the space of surrounding when to draw, the branch in each plane be pulled open to different directions, ensures not overlapping up and down.Winter, when cutting, takes the pruning of taking the lead with the weak bud of weak branch to the dry elongated shoot in center, the prosperous branch done at center is removed from base portion, and all the other branches are slow without exception to be put, and becomes its result of flower relief, and is transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster; Major branch elongated shoot takes the lead cutting back with strong bud, to be trained little fruit-bearing shoot cluster.The overstocked branch sprouted by interior thorax, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, and to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition.
Within 3rd year, prune: look tree height and tree vigo(u)r power, dry for center elongated shoot is taken the lead gently or removed, and all the other branches do not want cutting back, put so that sparse branching is gentle, carry out retraction after result and upgrade.As dry in center too prosperous and powerful, also can carry out girdling process, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak down.Slowly then put into colored branch and see that bud bounces back.In hat, overstocked useless branch suitably removes.Major branch extending head is strong bud cutting back generally, angle too small when the winter cuts also optional healthy and strong branch behind change a spreading angle.Growing season gets rid of to all the young sprout put on branch, when it grows to about 20cm, stay about 15cm pinching, impels it to be converted into medium fruit branch, and notes increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.Autumn, major branch was all converted into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster by the branch of evening up, and was evened up on the branch that gets rid of and put and formed leafage branch, fruit spur and medium fruit branch, and so far, tree body is shaped substantially, the 3rd year can a small amount of result.
Described tree-like be that 1 layer of major branch (base portion 2 major branches) and 1 center are done.
Described tree-like heading height 40 ~ 50cm.
Described tree-like major branch is no longer equipped with side shoot, and the left and right sides is directly equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Center more than described tree-like major branch is dry is evenly equipped with all kinds of branch group, and based on medium and small branch group.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: persimmon provided by the invention " two are wholeheartedly " shape shaping and trimming method, concrete advantage is as follows:
It solving that persimmon kind adopts conventional cosmetic trimming method to go into operation outside evening, setting fruit position to move, the deficiency of interior thorax branches and leaves baldness, is realize comparatively suitable tree-like of persimmon early bearing, early high yield.Persimmon adopts this tree-like, is conducive to strengthening tree body skeleton, strengthens anti-adversity ability; Growing season pinching, is conducive to impelling bud to break up in advance, avoids summer high temperature season, overcomes malformed fruit phenomenon and enhances the continuous bearing capacity of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.In addition, tree bottom two scaffold limb is step plane, and skeleton is firm, can be used as the ladder plucked persimmon fruit and trample, and is conducive to improving work efficiency.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
(1) instantiation is implemented:
Test and carry out in Huayang garden, Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute.Experimental cultivar is 4 years raw Japanese Sweet Persimmons " secondary youth ", " Buddhist temple ball " persimmon.Adopt " two wholeheartedly " shape (namely the application's is tree-like) and evacuation layering shape tree-like, north and south row to.The tree-like seeding row spacing 3m × 4m of " two wholeheartedly " shape, evacuates layering shape seeding row spacing 4m × 4m.
(2) process is implemented
Often kind tree-likely select 8 strains, individual plant is 1 community.The investigation height of tree, crown diameter, number of results, major branch extending head new-tip length and rugosity (base portion 5cm place).Select single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal and transverse demeter, the soluble solid content of 30 fruit investigation mellow fruits before gathering at random, data are averaged.Branch criteria for classification during investigation is that long shoot is greater than 50cm, middle branch 25 ~ 50cm, brachyplast 2 ~ 25cm, leafage branch are shorter than 2cm.
The mensuration of light intensity and photosynthetic parameters with ' secondary youth ' kind for research object.
Light intensity measures: with level meter and TASI-631 illuminometer dot type probe, and measurement processing tree different levels, the intensity of illumination at position and the natural daylight intensity of opening, its ratio is as its relative sunshine intensity (light transmittance).Test point 4 treatment regions, the test process of each district is randomized arrangement, tree-plot, repeats for 3 times.Light intensity measures a point direction, 4, east, south, west, north, then divides 4 sections in length and breadth equally by the different height of tree and branch exhibition, determines that the point that all directions are intersected in length and breadth is light intensity measuring point, i.e. every strain tree single light-metering point 36.Minute forms the initial stage due to leaf curtain and (June) forms final period (August) to leaf curtain, within monthly 5,15 and 25 days, measures, and when points 8,11,14 and 17,4 periods fixed points are carried out, and overcast and rainyly postpones.
Photosynthetic parameters measures: respectively at 6-mid-August 10 time and 14 time measure the photosynthetic parameters of process leaf sheet, monthly 1 time, instrument is CI-310 (CID company of the U.S.).Outside upper 2 points of interior neutralization are respectively got by orientation, 4, the four corners of the world, outside upper point is the crosspoint in length and breadth with peripheral line mid point in the middle part of the mid point of vertical direction top and middle part line and horizontal direction, and interior mid point is the crosspoint in length and breadth of thorax and middle part line mid point in the mid point of vertical direction bottom and middle part line and horizontal direction.Two measuring points press different directions cross exchanged position, survey the relevant parameters such as the Net Photosynthetic Rate under its natural daylight.Often set unitary determination point 8, after often clicking 3 leaf replications, get average.
Significance of difference analysis is carried out with statistical software.
(3) implementation result
1, different tree form affects persimmon early fruiting character
Found out by table 1, the persimmon of two kinds 2 years raw tree Flowering Plants rates, " two wholeheartedly " shape tree is far above evacuation layering shape tree, and the Flowering Plants rate as " secondary youth " persimmon " two wholeheartedly " shape is 35.1%, exceeds 22.5 percentage points than what evacuate layering shape; " two wholeheartedly " shapes of 3 years raw trees number of bearing fruit is 30.2, than evacuating many 27.8 of layering shape.This is too much owing to evacuating layering shape cutting back, and branch level is time more and cause the low and several few cause of bearing fruit of Flowering Plants rate, adopts when evacuating layering shape and only has slow putting to have into colored phenomenon with the branch of early stage pinching.
The early fruiting character of table 1 different tree form persimmon
2, different tree form is on the impact of persimmon bulk-growth
As shown in Table 2, adopt the height of tree of " two wholeheartedly " shape less to 4 years raw trees of 2 persimmon kinds, crown diameter is comparatively large, and height of tree reduction is conducive to plucking conveniently; Brachyplast and leafage branch number account for the percentage of total branch amount, and " two wholeheartedly " shape, higher than evacuation layering shape tree, illustrates " two wholeheartedly " shape Early fertile capability than evacuating the good of layering shape; From single plant yield, " two wholeheartedly " shape is few due to branches and leaves amount, yields poorly than evacuation layering shape tree, if dense planting is by the output far above evacuation layering shape tree.
The upgrowth situation of table 2 different tree form persimmon
3, the photosynthetic effectiveness comparison of different tree form
As table 3, although the photosynthetic effect of two kinds of tree-like outsides and full tree and interior illumination intensity there are no significant difference, but the inside photosynthetic active radiation of " two are wholeheartedly " shape and strive photosynthetic rate apparently higher than spindle, after illustrating that the large tree of Qiao Guan is transformed by the cleaning reducing height of tree degree and the exhibition of contraction branch, the ventilation and penetrating light condition of tree body obtains effective improvement, but evacuate limb that layering shape continues to employ due to middle part and branch relatively many, therefore the photosynthetic successful of its tree body inside is not as good as " two are wholeheartedly " shape.
From ventilation and penetrating light angle, evacuate layering shape and still there is larger defect compared with " two wholeheartedly " shape.
The photosynthetic effect of table 3 different tree form persimmon and intensity of illumination
4, different tree form light transmittance compares
Light transmittance (table 4) display at tree body different levels and position, 2 kinds tree-like except vertical direction top light transmittance is close, no matter other all sites are vertical direction or horizontal direction or entirety, the light transmittance of " two wholeheartedly " shape is significantly higher than evacuates layering shape, especially particularly outstanding in the performance of tree crown middle and lower part.Further demonstrate the penetrating advantage of light path of " two wholeheartedly " shape, form the raising of the stable of output and quality.
The light transmittance of table 4 different tree form persimmon
5, the fruit yield of different tree form and quality preservation
Table 5 can be found out, the fruit quality index of " two wholeheartedly " shape is all greater than evacuates shape, and wherein, single fruit weight, soluble sugar content difference reach significance level.
The fruit yield of table 5 different tree form and quality
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the shaping and trimming method that persimmon dense planting specular removal is tree-like, is characterized in that, it comprises:
Within 1st year, prune: after seedling planting, select full bud surely to do, heading height 40 ~ 50cm, clip varnishes with lacquer, as the long 20cm of young sprout, select 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center to do from top, with bamboo pole, nursery stock is fixed righting, select 2 straggly to life, growth potential evenly, the young sprout stretched in the ranks makes major branch, two main branch angles are 80 ° ~ 90 °, and all the other long shoots carry out taking branch, make it become horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, its early bearing short, in all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless; Young sprout enters the every strain under tree dish of vigorous growth after date and spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 50g, waters immediately, is total to Nitrogen Top Dressing 2-3 time then, impels branch to grow fast; Winter is when cutting, to trunk elongated shoot at 40-50cm full bud place cutting back, to keep center to lead dry advantage, center is dry cut and cut after, carve bud in middle and lower part; Carry out cutting back at about 50cm place to major branch, clip bud stays lateral bud or outer bud, and all the other branches are slow to be put;
Within 2nd year, prune: May, top branch is done to center and adopts by branch, smooth out with the fingers a method control growing way, to promote the growth of carving bud position branch; Start after entering September to draw branch, all branches on the major branch of bottom are all pulled to 80-90 °, these branches are after getting rid of and put next year, fruit-bearing shoot cluster can be trained, should note utilizing center to do the space of surrounding when to draw, branch in each plane is pulled open to different directions, ensure not overlapping up and down, winter is when cutting, the dry elongated shoot in center is taked to the pruning of taking the lead with the weak bud of weak branch, the prosperous branch done at center is removed from base portion, and all the other branches are slow without exception to be put, become its result of flower relief, and be transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster; Major branch elongated shoot takes the lead cutting back with strong bud, and to be trained little fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the overstocked branch sprouted by interior thorax, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, and to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition;
Within 3rd year, prune: look tree height and tree vigo(u)r power, dry for center elongated shoot is taken the lead gently or removes, all the other branches do not want cutting back, put so that sparse branching is gentle, carry out retraction after result and upgrade, as dry in center too prosperous and powerful, carry out girdling process, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak down, slowly then put into colored branch and see that bud bounces back; In hat, overstocked useless branch suitably removes, and major branch extending head is strong bud cutting back generally, and the healthy and strong branch behind of the choosing when the winter cuts of angle too small changes a spreading angle; Growing season gets rid of to all the young sprout put on branch, when it grows to about 20cm, stay about 15cm pinching, impels it to be converted into medium fruit branch, and notes increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer; Autumn, major branch was all converted into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster by the branch of evening up, and was evened up on the branch that gets rid of and put and formed leafage branch, fruit spur and medium fruit branch, and so far, tree body is shaped substantially, the 3rd year can a small amount of result;
Within 4th year, tree body starts large result, and young sprout growth eases up, and tree vigo(u)r is basicly stable, starts to enter high yield, stable production period.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described tree-like be that base portion 2 major branches and 1 center are done.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described tree-like heading height 40 ~ 50cm.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described tree-like major branch is no longer equipped with side shoot, the left and right sides is directly equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
5. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the center of more than described tree-like major branch is dry and is evenly equipped with all kinds of branch group, and based on medium and small branch group.
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| CN109479555B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-02-18 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Central leading trunk tree form pruning method for silk floss wood |
| CN114303693B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-04-14 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
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| CN102657056B (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-04-10 | 南京农业大学 | Downward-arrowhead-shaped tree shape of pear tree and shaping method for same |
| CN103283554B (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2015-03-18 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Method for landscaping by utilizing sweet persimmon trees |
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