CN103109715B - Simplified tree form reforming method suitable for high-density jujube orchard - Google Patents
Simplified tree form reforming method suitable for high-density jujube orchard Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed is a simplified tree form reforming method suitable for a high-density jujube orchard. Since the grafting year of direct seeding and orchard building or the planting year, by about five-year continuous reforming, a jujube head form tree is formed with tree height of 2.5-3.5 meters, branch spreading of 1-1.5 meters, central trunk bending upwards, and 10-20 bending horizontally stretching fruiting branch groups directly inserted on the central trunk. The reforming method is suitable for wide-row dense-planting high-density jujube orchards (tree row space is 0.5-1.5m*3-4.5m), and simple in reforming. The reformed trees are slim and high, the branches are well-spaced without crossing, large row space can be guaranteed under high-density conditions, good ventilation and light permeability are achieved, high and stable yield and good quality are guaranteed, mechanical operation is facilitated, manpower for cutting is saved by more than 80%, and the problems that the high-density jujube orchard is prone to closing, complex to manage and the like are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tree-like shaping methods of simplification that is suitable for high density jujube garden.
Background technology
Planting density is high with its morning of yielding positive results, early high-yield, yield per unit area, quality better, but convenient management, be conducive to mechanization, new varieties and recover output comparatively fast and the unique advantage such as economic utilization soil more, become the main trend of domestic and international Fruit Trees Development.Since reform and opening-up, the Planting density of large fruit trees such as apple, pears development is very fast, and on producing, has obtained very significant economic and social benefit.On the other hand, along with the significantly rising of labor cost in recent years, laborsaving saving of labor's simplification cultivation is imperative.
Jujube tree (
ziziphus jujubamill.) be the important fruit tree that originates in China.Due to strong stress resistance, early bearing get bumper crops, be of high nutritive value, of many uses, can take into account the characteristics such as economy and ecological benefits, be subject to local government and peasant's common welcome, on mountain, Sha Jian nonirrigated farmland district is developed rapidly.At present, the jujube cultivation area has reached nearly 3,000 ten thousand mu, 5,000,000 tons of annual productions, and the Main Economic that becomes the first dry fruit tree variety of China and more than 2,000 ten thousand peasants is originated.In recent years, the emerging jujube districts such as new development jujube district, particularly Xinjiang, the high density jujube garden of the every mu of 100-500 strain of planting (seeding row spacing 0.5-1.5 rice * 3-4.5 rice) becomes Developing mainstream.
High density jujube garden early yield is high, but easily occurs that canopy, illumination are bad, and the tree-like and shaping methods adapted must be arranged.Simultaneously, the new situations that significantly rise for adapting to labor cost, the simplification that is suitable for high density jujube garden and laborsaving saving of labor in the urgent need to exploitation is tree-like.Yet traditional jujube tree is tree-like, as bigger than normal in evacuated the tree bodies such as laminarity, happy shape, natural globular model, be not suitable with the new situations of current high-density planting.And jujube tree has very unique growth result habit, be suitable for tree-like can not the indiscriminately imitating on jujube tree such as slender spindle like of the fruit tree planting cultures such as apple.The growth characteristic of jujube tree branch and title and general fruit tree a great difference arranged, the effect of the elongated shoot of fruit tree and fruit-bearing shoot cluster as the jujube head has concurrently, strong but Secondary Branch top naturally withered, the no longer extension then of its primary tiller uniaxial extension ability; The jujube thigh is equivalent to the bearing basal shoot of general fruit tree, but extremely cripetura, year increment only has the 1-2 millimeter; Jujube hangs the fruit bearing shoot that is equivalent to general fruit tree, but thin and delicate sagging, naturally comes off after autumn.In addition, jujube tree is compared with general fruit tree, likes very much that light, branch are hard, to prune reaction more blunt.Therefore, the high density that is suitable for the jujube tree characteristics must be set up as early as possible tree-like.
Because the simplification that lacks adaptation jujube tree high-density planting is tree-like, a lot of jujubes garden canopy just occurs as a result about 3-5, and yield and quality descends rapidly.This patent is according to the growth result characteristics of jujube tree, the planting cultures such as slender spindle like with reference to fruit trees such as apples are tree-like, invented a kind of shaping methods that is suitable for high density jujube garden (seeding row spacing 0.5-1.5 rice * 3-4.5 rice), simple, 5 years left and right Quick-formings.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has set up a kind of simplification shaping methods that is suitable for high density jujube garden.
The present invention solves that its technical problem adopts
technical schemebe: from live grafting of building garden then or plant (cutting strunk, planting) then, according to the growth result characteristics of jujube tree tree-like with reference to the planting cultures such as slender spindle like of the fruit trees such as apple, continuous shaping by about 5 years is cultivated, form height of tree 2.5-3.5 rice, branch exhibition 1-1.5 rice, center is dry upwards crooked, center is dry direct gives birth to 10-20 the fruit-bearing shoot cluster (jujube head) that bent flat is stretched, and is suitable for high density jujube garden (seeding row spacing 0.5-1.5 rice * 3-4.5 rice) and the jujube capitiform of mechanized operation tree-like.
Of the present invention
particular content, be suitable for the tree-like concrete shaping methods of the simplification in high density jujube garden as follows:
(1) plant after (cutting strunk is planted) or lively build First Year after the grafting of garden, in the winter time in distance ground 60-80 centimeters to the dry cutting back that carries out in center, the dry uppermost Secondary Branch of cutting back rear center stays 1-2 joint, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch to stay 1-3 joint cutting back, stimulates and is sprouted by the main bud remained on the cutting back Secondary Branch;
(2) Second Year, during summer pruning, to the new jujube head sent after the Secondary Branch cutting back in dry the top, center described in (1), select a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain as the dry elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head sent on its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, as the every other new jujube head of elongated shoot, all from base portion, do not remove, what fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot spreading angle did not reach 70 degree adjusts to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified; During winter pruning, in distance ground 100-150 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost retains 1-2 joint cutting back, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed to 1-2 joint cutting back;
(3) the 3rd years, during summer pruning, to the new jujube head sent after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dry elongated shoot, center described in (2), selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain continues as the dry elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head sent on its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the all new jujube head as elongated shoot is not all removed from base portion, what each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot spreading angle did not reach 70 degree adjusts to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 150-200 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost retains 1-2 joint cutting back, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed to 1-2 joint cutting back, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back,
(4) the 4th years, during summer pruning, to the new jujube head sent after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dry elongated shoot, center described in (3), selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain continues as the dry elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head sent on its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, the new jujube head that second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost respectively selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the all new jujube head as elongated shoot is not all removed from base portion, what each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot spreading angle did not reach 70 degree adjusts to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 200-280 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost retains 1-2 joint cutting back, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed to 1-2 joint cutting back, second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back, and the ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster is no longer done to Shape correction,
(5) the 5th years, during summer pruning, to the new jujube head sent after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dry elongated shoot, center described in (4), selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain continues as the dry elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head sent on its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost respectively selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, the all new jujube head as elongated shoot is not all removed from base portion, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot spreading angle do not reach 70 degree during its semi-lignified by angle adjustment to the 70-110 degree, during winter pruning, in distance ground 250-350 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back, under section, 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed to 1-2 joint cutting back, three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back, and ground floor and second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster are no longer done to Shape correction,
After (6) five years, basically no longer carry out shaping, only remove the new jujube head of unnecessary non-elongated shoot, too sturdy beginning is emitted to the renewal that bounces back in time of bud or too weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster in a large number, keep height of tree 2.5-3.5 rice, branch exhibition 1-1.5 meter, center dry crooked upwards, dry direct to give birth to the jujube capitiform that 10-20 bent flat stretch fruit-bearing shoot cluster tree-like at center.
Patent of the present invention
beneficial effect is,this shaping methods is suitable for the high density jujube garden (seeding row spacing 0.5-1.5 rice * 3-4.5 rice) of wide row dense planting, the shaping process is simple, after being shaped about 5 years, the tree body is tall and thin, be similar to a upright date head, in picturesque disorderly between branch do not intersect, can under conditions of high density, keep roomy space in the ranks, ventilation and penetrating light is good, and tree body size controllability is strong, easily keeps high yield, stable yields and high-quality, be convenient to mechanized application, spray medicine, weeding, the operation such as gather, final-period management is easy, prunes recruitment and can save more than 80%, and the holistic management recruitment can be saved more than 60%.Can effectively solve and existing tree-likely be not suitable for high density jujube garden, easily closing, complex management occur, can not continue degradation problem under high and stable yield and quality.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The biennial tree shaping of Fig. 2 schematic diagram, cutting back position when in figure, tangent line is winter pruning
Fig. 3 gives birth to tree shaping schematic diagram, cutting back position when in figure, tangent line is winter pruning in 3 years
Fig. 4 gives birth to tree shaping schematic diagram, cutting back position when in figure, tangent line is winter pruning in 4 years
Fig. 5 gives birth to tree shaping schematic diagram, cutting back position when in figure, tangent line is winter pruning in 5 years
Fig. 6 completes tree-like after shaping
Embodiment
Live jujube tree of building garden, in winter then after grafting, in distance ground 60 centimeters, to the dry cutting back that carries out in center, the dry Secondary Branch topmost of cutting back rear center stays 1 joint, its lower 3 Secondary Branchs to stay 2 joint cutting backs.Second Year, during summer pruning, the new jujube head sent on the dry Secondary Branch topmost in the center of selecting and remain is as the dry elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head sent on its lower 3 Secondary Branchs respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, using all not removing as other new jujube heads of elongated shoot on tree, the spreading angle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to 90 degree; During winter pruning, in distance ground 100 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost retains 1 joint cutting back, its lower 3 Secondary Branchs stay 2 joint cutting backs and carve bud on the top of Secondary Branch, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30 centimetres of left and right having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed to 1 joint cutting back.The 3rd year, during summer pruning, the new jujube head sent on the Secondary Branch of dry elongated shoot the top, center is remained and continues as center dry elongated shoot, the new jujube head sent on its lower 3 Secondary Branchs respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost respectively selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, other are not all removed from base portion as all new jujube head of elongated shoot, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle 90 degree during semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 150 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost retains 1 joint cutting back, its lower 3 Secondary Branchs stay 2 joint cutting backs and carve bud on the top of Secondary Branch, second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster stays 30 centimetres of left and right having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed to 1 joint cutting back, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60 centimetres to carry out short circuit.The 4th year, during summer pruning, the new jujube head sent on the Secondary Branch of dry elongated shoot the top, center is remained and continues as the dry elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head sent on its lower 3 Secondary Branchs respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, the new jujube head that second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost respectively selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, other are not all removed from base portion as all new jujube head of elongated shoot, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle 90 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 200 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost retains 1 joint cutting back and cuts off, its lower 3 Secondary Branchs stay 2 joint cutting backs and carve bud on the top of Secondary Branch, three-layered node fruit branch group stays 30 centimetres having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed to 1 joint cutting back, and second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60 centimetres to carry out cutting back.The 5th year, during summer pruning, the new jujube head sent on the Secondary Branch of dry elongated shoot the top, center is remained and continues as the dry elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head sent on its lower 3 Secondary Branchs respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost respectively selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, other are not all removed from base portion as all new jujube head of elongated shoot, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle 90 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 250 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back, its lower 2 Secondary Branchs stay 2 joint cutting backs and carve bud on the top of Secondary Branch, the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster stays 30 centimetres having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed to 1 joint cutting back, and three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot stays 60 centimetres to carry out cutting back.After 5 years, form the height of tree 2.5 meter, exhibition 1 meter, centers dry crooked upwards, dry direct the jujube capitiform of giving birth to the fruit-bearing shoot cluster that 11 bent flat stretch in center is tree-like, basically keep tree-like, only remove the new jujube head of unnecessary non-elongated shoot, too sturdy beginning is emitted to the renewal that bounces back in time of bud or too weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster in a large number.
Claims (1)
1. the tree-like shaping methods of simplification that is suitable for high density jujube garden is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) plant after or lively build First Year after the grafting of garden, in the winter time in distance ground 60-80 centimeters to the dry cutting back that carries out in center, the dry Secondary Branch topmost of cutting back rear center stays 1-2 joint, a 2-4 Secondary Branch to stay 1-3 to save cutting back;
(2) Second Year, during summer pruning, to the new jujube head sent after the Secondary Branch cutting back in dry the top, (1) described center, select a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain as the dry elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head sent after 2-4 Secondary Branch cutting back respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, as the every other new jujube head of elongated shoot, all from base portion, do not remove, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified; During winter pruning, in distance ground 100-150 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost retains 1-2 joint cutting back, 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having the Secondary Branch place outside tree crown to carry out cutting back and this Secondary Branch is stayed to 1-2 joint cutting back;
(3) the 3rd years, during summer pruning, to the new jujube head sent after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dry elongated shoot, (2) described center, selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain continues as the dry elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head sent on 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the all new jujube head as elongated shoot is not all removed from base portion, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 150-200 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost retains 1-2 joint cutting back, 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having the Secondary Branch place outside tree crown to carry out cutting back and this Secondary Branch is stayed to 1-2 joint cutting back, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back,
(4) the 4th years, during summer pruning, to the new jujube head sent after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dry elongated shoot, (3) described center, selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain continues as the dry elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head sent on 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, the new jujube head that second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the all new jujube head as elongated shoot is not all removed from base portion, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 200-280 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost retains 1-2 joint cutting back, 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having the Secondary Branch place outside tree crown to carry out cutting back and this Secondary Branch is stayed to 1-2 joint cutting back, second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back, and the ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster is no longer done to Shape correction,
(5) the 5th years, during summer pruning, to the new jujube head sent after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dry elongated shoot, (4) described center, selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain continues as the dry elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head sent on 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, the all new jujube head as elongated shoot is not all removed from base portion, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified, in distance ground 250-350 centimeters, the dry elongated shoot in center is carried out to cutting back during winter pruning, under section, 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having the Secondary Branch place outside tree crown to carry out cutting back and this Secondary Branch is stayed to 1-2 joint cutting back, three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back, and ground floor and second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster are no longer done to Shape correction,
After (6) five years, basically no longer carry out shaping, only remove the new jujube head of unnecessary non-elongated shoot, too sturdy beginning is emitted to the renewal that bounces back in time of bud or too weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster in a large number, keep height of tree 2.5-3.5 rice, branch exhibition 1-1.5 meter, center dry crooked upwards, dry direct to give birth to the jujube capitiform that 10-20 bent flat stretch fruit-bearing shoot cluster tree-like at center.
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