CN105248211A - Chinese pear horizontal shed frame single main branch conjoined comb-shaped shaping cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

A Chinese pear horizontal shed frame single main branch conjoined comb-shaped shaping cultivation method belongs to a pearl tree cultivation method. The Chinese pear horizontal shed frame single main branch conjoined comb-shaped shaping cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) rationally selecting plant and line intervals, (2) fixed-planting one-year-old grafted seedlings, (3) culturing large seedlings for conjoined grafting, (4) building the horizontal shed frame, (5) fixing main branches under the shed and conducting end-to-end connection for adjacent new tree branches, (6) conjoined grafting adjacent trees, (7) nursing fruiting side branches, (8) rationally fruiting and (9) updating fruiting side branches. In the (5) step, under iron wires fixing the main branches 15 to 20cm under the shed, new branches of adjacent trees are end-to-end connected; between the end-to-end connected new branches of the adjacent trees, tip ends of the tree behind works as spike wood; new branches of the tree front works as a basic block close to the spike wood, so the main branches of the adjacent trees can be connected to an integral in a horizontal straight line way. Compared with the prior art, the Chinese pear horizontal shed frame single main branch conjoined comb-shaped shaping cultivation method is simple and easy to promote and requires less labor; and production labor cost can be reduced by over 30%.

Description

Chinese pear horizontal rack list major branch conjuncted " comb shape " form culture method

Technical field

The invention belongs to pear tree cultivation method, particularly relate to a kind of Chinese pear horizontal rack list major branch conjuncted " comb shape " form culture method.

Background technology

Pear tree is one of China's main fruit trees, and pear tree area under cultivation, output all rank first in the world.In each planting fruit-trees of China, pear tree area, output are only second to apple, citrus, occupy the 3rd.Be the torrid zone, pears district, subtropics on the south the Changjiang river, Main Cultivation Sand Pear; Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Li Qu is Main Cultivation Chinese pear also.The outstanding problem that China's pear tree cultivation exists is, management of water adjustment, and per unit area yield is low, and the operatic circle quality is low; Sapling up-growth is weak, enters high yield period too late.Japan, Korea S pear tree are main mainly with shed frame type cultivation, and manage meticulous, this had both adapted to the feature of multiple stage wind, has complied with again that Chinese pear is high in temperature, branch amount of growth is large under the environmental condition of high humidity, adopts shed frame type cultivation that branch can be drawn in time to control the feature of Shoot growth.Shed frame type cultivation more important point to make pear tree form plane result, substantially improves the illumination condition of plant, solves due to the low quality problem how overcast and rainy, illumination is not enough to be caused.

The pear tree cultivation of China's prior art is all evacuate layering shape to be shaped as master traditionally, and height is liftoff greatly reaches 2.5-3 rice for tree, is not easy to operation, extensive management; Production experienced by only emphasis output and ignore quality slightly takes into account quality epoch to emphasis output, particularly since the nineties in last century, along with international, domestic trade competition, everybody just recognizes deeply, only has the output under high-quality prerequisite to be only the effective way realizing modern agriculture with high efficiency.Therefore, arbor traditional for pears cultivation is changed into domestically leading horizontal posture cultivation by many research institutions one after another, this planting type can effectively prevent typhoon from endangering, the operation of convenient tree body, and lured by frame face iron wire and draw branch, control growing of branch, promote the growth of tree vigo(u)r balance coordination, guarantee plant each position nutrient, moisture and be subject to optical condition uniformity.In conjunction with the large hat of thin planting, dredge the high quality fruit production technology such as flower bud, flower thinning, fruit thinning, bagging, realize the size of fruit and inherence, exterior quality uniformity, give full play to the high-quality and efficient potentiality of new varieties, really reach the object of standardized production.

Though the pear tree horizontal rack cultivation of prior art has downgraded tree crown than traditional arbor cultivation, facilitate operation, improve fruit quality, but the pear tree changing vertical growth habit is horizontal rack cultivation, if major branch tip can not take technical measures to keep its growth vigor always, inner canopy will stand in great numbers by water sprout, directly have influence on yield and quality, still more every root major branch also to be equipped with two secondary scaffold branches, i.e. many major branches shaping methods, successfully need from field planting to tree-like cultivation to spend the 8-10 year, for the peasant lacking fruit growing basic theory, be difficult to grasp these technology and it is implemented to put in place.

As can be seen here, how innovation one simplifies complex technology, make the peasant of low culture quality acceptant and be easy to promote, being the pear tree horizontal rack new method for cultivating that operation easyly saves labor, cost declines and shortens into garden operation period, is the place that can pear tree horizontal rack cultivation scale expand and improve the key technology of scale planting benefit further.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, providing a kind of and be easy to promote, be that operation easyly saves labor, cost declines and shorten into Chinese pear horizontal rack list major branch conjuncted " comb shape " the form culture method of garden operation period.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of Chinese pear horizontal rack list major branch conjuncted " comb shape " form culture method, is characterized in that comprising and cultivate step as follows:

1) reasonable selection of, strain, line-spacing: select as the case may be in spacing in the rows 1.5 meters-2 meters, line-spacing 3 meters-3.5 meters; The weak kind of growing way, region in soil property difference, spacing in the rows controls at 1.5 meters, the prosperous kind of growing way, region at fertile soil, and spacing in the rows controls at 2 meters, flatly builds garden row to selecting the direction vertical with work road; The Di Jian garden, gentle slope that the gradient is less than 5 degree, row is to selection draining easily along direction, slope; The steep hillslope that the gradient is greater than 5 degree builds garden, and row is to selecting the direction parallel with contour; Line-spacing controls at 3 meters-3.5 meters, and spacing in the rows controls at 1.5 meters-2 meters;

2), the field planting of annual grafting: the healthy and strong annual grafting without damage by disease and insect of growth selection, field planting fully improves at soil and uses sufficient on the face, ridge of fertilizer, and the field that draining is good, subterranean water level is low can level ridges field planting; The field that impeded drainage, subterranean water level are high must adopt the method for lifting ridge, makes effective soil layer exceed subterranean water level more than 60 centimetres, can field planting;

3), the cultivation of conjuncted grafting seedlings: after annual grafting field planting below 1.2 meters of height, branch enriches and has full bud place cutting back, impel and sprout vigorous young sprout, the body of rod of one 4 meters long is inserted near grafting, first grafting is vertically strapped on the body of rod, the young sprout that the choosing changqiang in all one's life of seedling top is strong, along with the continuous elongation of young sprout, every 30 centimetres of colligations, one jag, make that young sprout is straight upwards to be grown fast, all the other young sprouts of the upper sprouting of Miao Gan stay the pinching of 3-5 leaf, simultaneously in the young sprout elongating stage in 5-8 month, strengthen rich water quality management, guarantee to September seedling total height on average reach more than 3.3 meters,

4), the building of horizontal rack: do vertically to support with concrete column, making level to connecting into frame at concrete column upper end iron wire, being built into latticed horizontal rack, the area control of horizontal rack is at 3333m2-6667m2, and frame face height is 1.8m; Regular rectangle orchard, corner post is set up at four angles, in perimeter line, corresponding row establishes a side column apart from center every 3 meters, the side column of corresponding sides tightens up with iron wire and connects, and form the grid main line of level frame, side column is to bracing wire, namely the crosspoint that main line is formed supports with fore-set, pulled into the macrolattice of 3 meters × 3 meters by main line, on sideline, interval 0.3-0.5 rice iron wire is encrypted, and forms the small grid of 0.3-0.5 rice; When slope land builds frame, also with iron wire, column cap and suspension column tension are reinforced at top, slope 1/3 place; Corresponding row to two ends side column, under canopy, 15-20 centimetre to be tightened up with iron wire and connects, with the major branch that fixes;

5), under canopy, the head and the tail of the fixing and adjacent tree young sprout of major branch intersect: the smooth garden of physical features, cultivate successful seedlings, tip of a branch unification towards row to, under aforementioned canopy 15-20 centimetre of fixing major branch iron wire under, Miao Gan take advantage of a situation bending after by horizontal for young sprout bondage on iron wire, make the young sprout of adjacent tree crossing from beginning to end with young sprout; Garden, acclive mountain region, cultivates successful seedlings, tip of a branch unification towards upward slope direction, under the iron wire of fixing major branch, seedling is dry take advantage of a situation bending after along upward slope direction by young sprout bondage on iron wire, make the young sprout of adjacent tree crossing from beginning to end with young sprout;

6), the conjuncted grafting of adjacent tree: aforementioned adjacent tree head and the tail intersect young sprout and young sprout between, the young sprout tip of a rear strain tree is done fringe wood, the young sprout of last strain tree does base anvil, bend at young sprout the iron wire position sending to fixing major branch to be mutually abutted against, the major branch of adjacent tree is connected with major branch horizontal linear shape;

7), the incubation of result side shoot: after major branch and the conjuncted grafting of major branch horizontal linear shape, eliminate the apical dominance of major branch, the bud on major branch is allowed fitly to sprout in a large number, the easy excessive growth of young sprout that on the back bud of major branch and side, bud is sprouted, the pinching of 3-5 leaf is stayed to control its growth in May, under impelling the horizontal lateral bud of major branch both sides and side, bud is sprouted, when the young sprout sprouted grows to late June, utilizing the iron wire on frame face to lure perpendicular to major branch, to guide to horizontal sextant angle be 30 degree, promote flower bud differentiation, be bred as annual long fruit branch; Based on the kind of annual growth fruit branch result, major branch homonymy interval 30-40 centimetre is equipped with a root knot fruit branch result, prunes overstocked fruit bearing shoot off, noting staying a bit of stake or basal bud in order to sending out when pruning off again; When fruit bearing shoot density is not enough, the fruit spur of major branch both sides can be utilized to sprout into branch, after long fruit branch result, can form the side shoot of giving birth to a large amount of fruit spur then, Second Year is later just with long fruit branch, fruit spur common results; Based on the kind of fruit spur result, major branch homonymy is also interval 30-40 centimetre and is equipped with a young sprout, cuts off young sprout tip 1/3-1/4 then winter, Second Year, on the branch of 2 years first portions will bear fruit spur, the 3rd year just can result;

8), rationally bear fruit: axillary bud fruit bearing shoot, the bud of most tip and most base portion removes, centre position every 2.5-3 bud stays 1 fruit, fruit interval will reach more than 10 centimetres, fruit tongue with horizontal side or slightly obliquely stay fruit, stay to note during fruit by many for fruit bundle blade, from inflorescence base portion number, the 3rd or the 4th tagmeme, carpopodium are long and thick, fruit calyx low-lying area portion rounding, the slightly fruit of waist height shape stay; Fruit spur raw side shoot, 1-2 bud of most tip does not stay fruit, towards directly over and immediately below fruit spur do not stay fruit, fruit tongue tiny, necking down bud, Shuangzi bud, the bud of secondary extension is bud inferior and does not also stay fruit, and choosing fruit tongue is thick, and sprout is full, bear fruit towards horizontal side or fruit spur slightly obliquely, each fruit spur only stays a fruit;

9), the renewal of result side shoot: for continuous result 4-5, branch extra coarse crosses more than 3 centimetres, a large amount of result side shoot forming blind bud, the young sprout utilizing its base portion to sprout upgrades, and the young sprout that major branch both sides fruit spur or kryptoblast also can be utilized to sprout carries out side shoot renewal.

Young sprout (major branch) tip of a rear strain tree is done fringe wood by this being positioned at below frame, the young sprout (major branch) of last strain tree does base anvil, be abutted against in the bending iron wire position close to fixing major branch of young sprout (major branch), make adjacent major branch and major branch end to end, be connected, the individual huge comb of picture of looking far into the distance, referred to as single major branch conjuncted " comb shape " shaping methods.

Chinese pear horizontal rack list major branch conjuncted " comb shape " the form culture method that the invention process obtains compared with prior art, shows following beneficial effect:

The shaping methods that present invention improves over and the simple technical requirement of culture technique not high, peasant easily grasps, be therefore easy to promote; Flower thinning, fruit thinning, the bagging in vegetative period, go and buy Chinese medicine, the operation such as to gather carries out the major branch both sides of liftoff 1.8 meters, master is shaped as to evacuate layering shape with prior art, the liftoff greatly 2.5-3 of the reaching rice of tree height is compared, seem very convenient, really reach and save labor, reduce the effect of management cost, therefore compared with prior art production labor cost savings more than 30%; The shaping methods that present invention improves over weakens the apical dominance of major branch, major branch both sides are directly equipped with side shoot result, not only become the garden phase early, with prior art successfully need to spend the 8-10 year from field planting to tree-like cultivation compared with, horizontal rack cultivation 4-5 year's harvest garden ahead of time, for the expansion of scale of operation and the raising of scale and benefit open new way per capita; And there is pole significant difference with the first petiolareas of two major branch shaping major branches of prior art with the average pol of the fruit of major branch base portion and compare, test shows that the fruit average pol significant difference of the first petiolarea of the major branch of conjuncted ' comb shape ' of the present invention shaping and major branch base portion is not obvious, in addition, fruit amount few especially for the major branch of two major branch shapings of prior art first petiolarea unit are.Test for many years shows, horizontal rack list major branch conjuncted " comb shape " shaping, simplifies the Chinese pear culture technique of complexity, has increased substantially operating efficiency and early yield, make fruit quality reach the effect of uniformity simultaneously, and find no the bad reaction of Growth status.

Embodiment

A kind of Chinese pear horizontal rack list major branch conjuncted " comb shape " form culture method comprises cultivates step as follows:

1) reasonable selection of, strain, line-spacing: spacing in the rows 1.5 meters-2 meters, line-spacing 3 meters-3.5 meters.Flatly build garden row to the selection direction of being convenient to field management vertical with work road; The gentle slope that the gradient is less than 5 degree, row is to selection draining easily along direction, slope; The abrupt slope that the gradient is greater than 5 degree, row is to selecting the direction parallel with contour; Line-spacing controls at 3 meters-3.5 meters, and line-spacing is excessive, and do not accomplish that economical rationality utilizes soil, line-spacing is too small, and side shoot and side shoot easily join closing, affect photosynthesis.Spacing in the rows general control, at 1.5 meters-2 meters, is difficult to reach the degree crossing with front one tree major branch base portion apart from the amount of growth of excessive annual young sprout (major branch), is also just difficult to realize the target that major branch and major branch carry out conjuncted grafting then; The weak kind of growing way is in the region of soil property difference, and spacing in the rows controls to be advisable at 1.5 meters, and the prosperous kind of growing way is in the region of fertile soil, and spacing in the rows controls at 2 meters more applicable.

2), the field planting of annual grafting: the healthy and strong annual grafting without damage by disease and insect of growth selection, field planting fully improves at soil and uses sufficient on the face, ridge of fertilizer.The field that draining is good, subterranean water level is low can level ridges field planting; The field that impeded drainage, subterranean water level are high must adopt the method for lifting ridge, makes effective soil layer exceed subterranean water level more than 60 centimetres, can field planting.

3) cultivation of conjuncted grafting seedlings: after annual grafting field planting below 1.2 meters of height, branch enriches and has full bud place cutting back, impels and sprouts vigorous young sprout.Insert the solid bamboo pole of one 4 meters long near grafting, first grafting is vertically strapped on bamboo pole, the young sprout that the choosing changqiang in all one's life of seedling top is strong, along with the continuous elongation of young sprout, every 30 centimetres of colligations, one jag, make that young sprout is straight upwards to be grown fast.All the other young sprouts of the upper sprouting of Miao Gan stay the pinching of 3-5 leaf, simultaneously in the young sprout elongating stage in 5-8 month, strengthen rich water quality management, guarantee to September seedling total height reach more than 3.3 meters.

4) the building of horizontal rack: with the material such as concrete column, iron wire, build a latticed flat canopy.The area of a canopy controls usually at 3333m2-6667m2, and frame face height is 1.8m.Regular rectangle garden, sets up corner post at four angles, and in perimeter line, corresponding row establishes a side column apart from center every 3 meters.The side column of corresponding sides tightens up with No. 8 galvanizing galvanized wires and connects, and forms the grid main line of level frame.Side column supports the crosspoint fore-set that bracing wire (main line) is formed, and swings under preventing galvanized wire.The grid pulled out by main line is the macrolattice of 3 meters × 3 meters, at Shang Haiyao interval, sideline 0.3-0.5 rice, with No. 14 galvanizing galvanized wire encryptions, forms the small grid that 0.3-0.5 rice is square.When slope land builds frame, also with iron wire, column cap and suspension column tension are reinforced at top, slope 1/3 place.Corner post specification is: long 3.3m × 0.14m × 0.14m; Side column specification is: long 2.7m × 0.10m × 0.10m; Fore-set specification is: long 2.0m × 0.06m × 0.06m.Corresponding row to two ends side column, under canopy, 15-20 centimetre to be tightened up with No. 8 galvanizing galvanized wires and connects, with the major branch that fixes.

5) under canopy, the head and the tail of the fixing and adjacent tree young sprout of major branch intersect: the smooth garden of physical features, cultivate successful seedlings, tip of a branch unification towards row to any direction, under the iron wire of fixing major branch, seedling is dry take advantage of a situation bending after by horizontal for young sprout bondage on iron wire.Make the young sprout of adjacent tree crossing with young sprout (major branch) head and the tail.Garden, acclive mountain region, cultivates successful seedlings, tip of a branch unification towards upward slope direction, under the iron wire of fixing major branch, seedling is dry take advantage of a situation bending after along upward slope direction by young sprout bondage on iron wire.Make the young sprout of adjacent tree crossing with young sprout (major branch) head and the tail.

6) the conjuncted grafting of adjacent tree: the young sprout tip of a rear strain tree is done fringe wood, the young sprout of last strain tree does base anvil, be abutted against in the bending iron wire position sending to fixing major branch mutually of young sprout (major branch), major branch is connected in a straight line with major branch.

Grafting period: carry out at the beginning of late March to 4 before flowering the same as usual grafting period month.

Grafting method: the young sprout (major branch) making fringe wood is selecting bud on for graft position and staying 1 centimetre of shearing, and long 8-10 centimetre of level and smooth bevel of trying one's best will be whittled into below young sprout tip portion, long 8-10 centimetre of as far as possible level and smooth bevel is equally also whittled into directly over the position that the young sprout (major branch) doing base anvil is close to fixing major branch iron wire upon bending, two bevels are aimed at and are abutted against together, with plastic film tape by tight for grafting place bondage, only the bud of interface is stayed outside film.

Connect rear management: along with interface healing, major branch are grown thick about June, binding strip starts will uncord in time toward during bark depression, after uncording, before, during and after interface, three positions bundle with jag more immediately, and check the degree of tightness of 1-2 jag every month, prevent jag to be absorbed in bark.The young sprout fast growth of the bud sprouting of the first end of grafting mouth fringe wood, lets alone growth, runs into high wind and easily peeled off by interface, therefore, when growing to more than more than 40 centimetres, stay 15-20 centimetre of length to cut, when after cutting short, if the young sprout of axillary bud sprouting grows up to bough again, cut by same method is short.

7) incubation of result side shoot: major branch and major branch are almost after horizontal conjuncted grafting, eliminate the apical dominance of major branch, bud on major branch will fitly be sprouted in a large number, the easy excessive growth of young sprout that on the back bud of major branch and side, bud is sprouted, therefore, completely stay the pinching of 3-5 leaf in May, control its growth; Under impelling the horizontal lateral bud of major branch both sides and side, bud is sprouted, and when the young sprout of sprouting grows to late June, utilizing the iron wire on frame face to lure perpendicular to major branch, to guide to horizontal sextant angle be 30 degree, and promotion flower bud differentiation, annual like this long fruit branch has just been cultivated successfully.Based on the kind of long fruit branch result, major branch homonymy interval 30-40 centimetre is equipped with a long fruit branch result, and fruit bearing shoot is overstocked to be pruned off, notes staying a bit of stake or basal bud in order to sending out when pruning off again; When fruit bearing shoot density is not enough, the fruit spur of major branch both sides can be utilized to sprout into branch.After long fruit branch result, can form the side shoot of giving birth to a large amount of fruit spur then, Second Year is later just with long fruit branch, fruit spur common results.Based on the kind of fruit spur result, major branch homonymy is also interval 30-40 centimetre and is equipped with a young sprout, cuts off young sprout tip 1/3-1/4 then winter, Second Year, on the branch of biennial part will raw fruit spur, the 3rd year just can result.A side shoot can use 4-5 after cultivating.

8) reasonably bear fruit: axillary bud long fruit branch, the bud of most tip and most base portion can't remove fruit, centre position every 2.5-3 bud stays 1 fruit, fruit interval will reach more than 10 centimetres, fruit tongue with horizontal side or slightly obliquely stay fruit better, stay to note during fruit many for fruit bundle blade, from inflorescence base portion number, the 3rd or the 4th tagmeme, carpopodium are long and thick, calyx hollow portion rounding, the slightly fruit of waist height shape stay.Fruit spur raw side shoot, 1-2 bud of most tip not fruit, towards directly over and immediately below fruit spur do not stay fruit, fruit tongue is tiny, necking down bud, Shuangzi bud, the bud of secondary extension be bud inferior also not really.Choosing fruit tongue is thick, and sprout is full, bears fruit towards horizontal side or fruit spur slightly obliquely, and each fruit spur only stays a fruit.

9) renewal of result side shoot: after a continuous result 4-5 of side shoot, blind bud is formed in a large number, and branch extra coarse crosses more than 3 centimetres, and production capacity declines to a great extent, and now should consider that side shoot upgrades in time.Concrete more new method, the young sprout that side shoot base portion can be utilized to sprout carries out upgrading the young sprout that major branch both sides fruit spur or kryptoblast also can be utilized to sprout and carries out side shoot renewal.

Test example: Zhenjiang, the Hilly area of Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences, in 2009 in newly-built 10 mu of Chinese pear plastic model experiment and demonstration bases, Huayang innovation garden, test kind is ' abundance of water ', devises three major branch horizontal rack shapings, two major branch horizontal rack shapings, single major branch conjuncted " comb shape " horizontal rack shaping 3 process altogether.To the early yield of different Training system, operating efficiency, major branch different parts the index of correlation such as fruit amount and fruit quality compare.Test data sees the following form.

The different Training system of table 1 water-rich areas affects unit to early yield: kg/acre

Process	Field planting then	Second Year	3rd year	4th year
					Three major branch shapings	——	——	168	660
Two major branch shapings	——	——	150	450
					Conjuncted ' comb shape '	——	——	593	1120

From table 1, three kinds of shaping methods, after field planting, the 3rd can realize going into operation every year, the highest with single major branch of the present invention conjuncted ' comb shape ' output, be respectively three major branches, 3.53 times and 3.95 times of two major branch shapings.Per mu yield to single major branch conjuncted ' comb shape ' shaping in the 4th year exceeds 460-670 kilogram, increase yield significantly than the per mu yield of three major branches, two major branch shapings.

The different Training system of table 2. water-rich areas is on the impact of operating efficiency

From table 2, three kinds of Training systems, what in 1 hour, results fruit number was maximum is single major branch of the present invention conjuncted ' comb shape ' shaping, and what the unit tree crown area pruning operation used time was minimum is also single major branch conjuncted ' comb shape ' shaping.

The different Training system of table 3. water-rich areas on major branch different parts fruit amount and fruit quality impact

From table 3, in two kinds of Training systems, there is pole significant difference in the first petiolarea of major branch of two major branch shapings of prior art and the average pol of fruit of major branch base area, and the fruit average pol difference of the first petiolarea of the major branch of the present invention's conjuncted ' comb shape ' shaping and major branch base area is not obvious.In addition, it is few especially that the first petiolarea unit are of the major branch of two major branch shapings fruit amount, and the first petiolarea of the major branch of the present invention's conjuncted ' comb shape ' shaping fruit amount reduce not obvious.

Test for many years shows, horizontal rack list major branch of the present invention conjuncted " comb shape " shaping, simplifies the Chinese pear culture technique of complexity, increased substantially operating efficiency and early yield, makes fruit quality reach the effect of uniformity simultaneously.Find no the reaction that Growth status is bad.

The invention is not restricted to these disclosed embodiments, the scope that the present invention will cover described in patent book, and the various modification of right changes with equivalence.

Claims (1)

1. Chinese pear horizontal rack list major branch conjuncted " comb shape " form culture method, is characterized in that comprising and cultivates step as follows:

1) reasonable selection of, strain, line-spacing: select as the case may be in spacing in the rows 1.5 meters-2 meters, line-spacing 3 meters-3.5 meters; The weak kind of growing way, region in soil property difference, spacing in the rows controls at 1.5 meters, the prosperous kind of growing way, region at fertile soil, and spacing in the rows controls at 2 meters, flatly builds garden row to selecting the direction vertical with work road; The Di Jian garden, gentle slope that the gradient is less than 5 degree, row is to selection draining easily along direction, slope; The steep hillslope that the gradient is greater than 5 degree builds garden, and row is to selecting the direction parallel with contour; Line-spacing controls at 3 meters-3.5 meters, and spacing in the rows controls at 1.5 meters-2 meters;

2), the field planting of annual grafting: the healthy and strong annual grafting without damage by disease and insect of growth selection, field planting fully improves at soil and uses sufficient on the face, ridge of fertilizer, and the field that draining is good, subterranean water level is low can level ridges field planting; The field that impeded drainage, subterranean water level are high must adopt the method for lifting ridge, makes effective soil layer exceed subterranean water level more than 60 centimetres, can field planting;

3), the cultivation of conjuncted grafting seedlings: after annual grafting field planting below 1.2 meters of height, branch enriches and has full bud place cutting back, impel and sprout vigorous young sprout, the body of rod of one 4 meters long is inserted near grafting, first grafting is vertically strapped on the body of rod, the young sprout that the choosing changqiang in all one's life of seedling top is strong, along with the continuous elongation of young sprout, every 30 centimetres of colligations, one jag, make that young sprout is straight upwards to be grown fast, all the other young sprouts of the upper sprouting of Miao Gan stay the pinching of 3-5 leaf, simultaneously in the young sprout elongating stage in 5-8 month, strengthen rich water quality management, guarantee to September seedling total height on average reach more than 3.3 meters,

4), the building of horizontal rack: do vertically to support with concrete column, making level to connecting into frame at concrete column upper end iron wire, being built into latticed horizontal rack, the area control of horizontal rack is at 3333m2-6667m2, and frame face height is 1.8m; Regular rectangle orchard, corner post is set up at four angles, in perimeter line, corresponding row establishes a side column apart from center every 3 meters, the side column of corresponding sides tightens up with iron wire and connects, and form the grid main line of level frame, side column is to bracing wire, namely the crosspoint that main line is formed supports with fore-set, pulled into the macrolattice of 3 meters × 3 meters by main line, on sideline, interval 0.3-0.5 rice iron wire is encrypted, and forms the small grid of 0.3-0.5 rice; When slope land builds frame, also with iron wire, column cap and suspension column tension are reinforced at top, slope 1/3 place; Corresponding row to two ends side column, under canopy, 15-20 centimetre to be tightened up with iron wire and connects, with the major branch that fixes;

5), under canopy, the head and the tail of the fixing and adjacent tree young sprout of major branch intersect: the smooth garden of physical features, cultivate successful seedlings, tip of a branch unification towards row to, under aforementioned canopy 15-20 centimetre of fixing major branch iron wire under, Miao Gan take advantage of a situation bending after by horizontal for young sprout bondage on iron wire, make the young sprout of adjacent tree crossing from beginning to end with young sprout; Garden, acclive mountain region, cultivates successful seedlings, tip of a branch unification towards upward slope direction, under the iron wire of fixing major branch, seedling is dry take advantage of a situation bending after along upward slope direction by young sprout bondage on iron wire, make the young sprout of adjacent tree crossing from beginning to end with young sprout;

6), the conjuncted grafting of adjacent tree: aforementioned adjacent tree head and the tail intersect young sprout and young sprout between, the young sprout tip of a rear strain tree is done fringe wood, the young sprout of last strain tree does base anvil, bend at young sprout the iron wire position sending to fixing major branch to be mutually abutted against, the major branch of adjacent tree is connected with major branch horizontal linear shape;

7), the incubation of result side shoot: after major branch and the conjuncted grafting of major branch horizontal linear shape, eliminate the apical dominance of major branch, the bud on major branch is allowed fitly to sprout in a large number, the easy excessive growth of young sprout that on the back bud of major branch and side, bud is sprouted, the pinching of 3-5 leaf is stayed to control its growth in May, under impelling the horizontal lateral bud of major branch both sides and side, bud is sprouted, when the young sprout sprouted grows to late June, utilizing the iron wire on frame face to lure perpendicular to major branch, to guide to horizontal sextant angle be 30 degree, promote flower bud differentiation, be bred as annual long fruit branch; Based on the kind of annual growth fruit branch result, major branch homonymy interval 30-40 centimetre is equipped with a long fruit branch result, prunes overstocked fruit bearing shoot off, noting staying a bit of stake or basal bud in order to sending out when pruning off again; When fruit bearing shoot density is not enough, the fruit spur of major branch both sides can be utilized to sprout into branch, after long fruit branch result, can form the side shoot of giving birth to a large amount of fruit spur then, Second Year is later just with long fruit branch, fruit spur common results; Based on the kind of fruit spur result, major branch homonymy is also interval 30-40 centimetre and is equipped with a young sprout, cuts off young sprout tip 1/3-1/4 then winter, Second Year, on the branch of 2 years first portions will bear fruit spur, the 3rd year just can result;

8), reasonably bear fruit: axillary bud fruit bearing shoot, the bud of most tip and most base portion removes, centre position every 2.5-3 bud stays 1 fruit, fruit interval will reach more than 10 centimetres, fruit tongue with horizontal side or slightly obliquely stay fruit, stay to note during fruit by many for fruit bundle blade, from inflorescence base portion number, the 3rd or the 4th tagmeme, carpopodium are long and thick, fruit calyx low-lying area portion rounding, the slightly fruit of waist height shape stay; Fruit spur raw side shoot, 1-2 bud of most tip does not stay fruit, towards directly over and immediately below fruit spur do not stay fruit, fruit tongue tiny, necking down bud, Shuangzi bud, the bud of secondary extension is bud inferior and does not also stay fruit, and choosing fruit tongue is thick, and sprout is full, bear fruit towards horizontal side or fruit spur slightly obliquely, each fruit spur only stays a fruit;

9), the renewal of result side shoot: for continuous result 4-5, branch extra coarse crosses more than 3 centimetres, a large amount of result side shoot forming blind bud, the young sprout utilizing its base portion to sprout upgrades, and the young sprout that major branch both sides fruit spur or kryptoblast also can be utilized to sprout carries out side shoot renewal.