CN1142886A - Breeding method for F1 hybrid of tomato - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention uses the self produced No.56 as male parent which possesses of good economical character and strong risistant capability, and the introduced and screened No.47 as female parent which contains Tm-2nv gene to conduct the artificial hybridized combination and Xenogamy and obtain the hybrid Yu-tomato No.1. The characteristics of said variety are strong resistance to disease high resistance to TMV (tobacco mosaic virus), early and late blight of tomato, high yield and powerful adaptability.

Description

The breeding method of F 1 hybrid of tomato

The invention belongs to the propagation method of plant variety, particularly the propagation method of tomato.

Tomato is the vegetables that the people likes food, it is nutritious, unique flavor, in urban and rural residents' dietary structure, occupy irreplaceable critical role, the market demand increases year by year, area under cultivation enlarges year by year, but the middle and later periods seventies is because disease is serious day by day, especially Tmv harm is very rampant, chemical control is invalid, and the northern area of China tomato growth stage is shortened greatly, the evening summer tomato almost can't cultivate, even certain areas, some time cause total crop failure, and disease has become the formidable enemy of tomato production.During the last ten years, the tomato breeding worker of Henan Province successively breeds a collection of precocity from binding bright red fruit seeds of hybridized tomato, has brought into play positive role on producing.But,, run into that the disaster time yields poorly and unstable because disease resistance is relatively poor; Add that quality and commodity all can not satisfy the requirement that production development and living standard improve.

The objective of the invention is to select a kind of disease resistance strong (especially anti-Tmv), high and stable yield, best in quality, production and marketing is satisfied the need, the pink fruit seeds of hybridized tomato of suitable ealy maturing culture.

Content of the present invention is to utilize economic characters from wound good and multiple diseases had No. 56 of strong resistivity and be male parent, be female parent with No. 47 of Tm-2nv gene of closing of introducing screening, and artificial hybridization is matched and is combined into crossbreed of Henan tomato.

The present invention is that (parent 18 * W22) is with its F for the seeds of hybridized tomato that utilizes a proterties of Zhengzhou City Inst. of Vegetable's seed selection good especially ₁Selfing is carried out piece-rate system seed selection and the screening of artificial inoculation on seedling disease resistance, the male parent of selecting 56 continuously from F this generation; With parent's (ManapaI-Tm-2nv) resource of the tool resisting tobacco mosaic virus ospc gene of external introduction and the offspring of improved seeds hybridization, from F ₂In generation, rises and adopts continuous multi-generation selfing separation to select good strains in the field for seed, and is that the garden relatively selects maternal 47; Carrying out on the basis of disease resistance evaluation and screening continuously to parents, economic characters to parents are to breed two stable inbred lines by selecting best individual plant and be the garden contrast, screening best strain simultaneously, then hybridize, be made into first-filial generation new varieties " Henan tomato No. (853).

Paternal character: No. 56 strains are ripe type during height binds, plant height 60-70cm, and growth potential is strong, floral leaf shape, dark green leaf color, 6-7 are saving gives birth to first preface flower, and 3-4 preface flower binds, and inflorescence is the 1-2 joint at interval; Belong to disease-resistant type, field performance resisting tobacco mosaic virus disease and early blight, anti-late blight, great circle fruit shape, pink, the fruit look bright-coloured, fruit surface smooth, the thick matter sand of meat, the haw slurry, (Vc content 18.83mg/100g fresh fruit) little seed in chamber is few, the base of a fruit is little, navel is little, and the base of a fruit does not have lignified tissue, not dehiscent fruit, pale green is really takeed on about (the little burnt hair of minority fruit) heavy 200g of general fruit, it is splendid that multiple diseases is had stronger resistance quality and a commodity, and about the 165 days time of infertility, fruit development period is about 43 days.With maternal 47 coordinate force extra-heavies, advantage complementation, hybrid vigour is obvious especially.

Maternal No. 47 strains are proterties: this strain is short seedling from binding type, plant height 50cm, and potato is leaf, a little less than leaf look yellow (the containing the Tm-2nv gene) growth potential, (do not have and directly utilize the rank value); 5-6 is saving and is giving birth to first preface flower, and 2-3 preface flower binds, and inflorescence is the 1-2 joint at interval; Pink fruit, fruit is medium less than normal, circle fruit type, the fruit type is neat, and fruit is takeed on light green, and the result is more, and the little base of a fruit of navel is little, dehiscent fruit not, about 160 days breeding times, fruit development period is about 45 days, proterties such as the easy setting of (Vc content 16.11mg/100g fresh fruit) hybridization.

The feature of Henan tomato No. (853)

Plant of Henan tomato is from the type that binds, plant height 60-70cm, and growth potential is strong, floral leaf shape, dark green leaf color is open and flat; 6-7 is saving and is giving birth to first preface flower, and 3-4 joint flower binds, and inflorescence is the 1-2 joint at interval; About the 170 days time of infertility, fruit development period 42-44 days.

Advantage of the present invention:

One, disease resistance is strong: the artificial inoculation on seedling Tmv-0 of vegetable or flower institute of Chinese agricultural section virus identifies that disease index 0 belongs to immunization type; High anti-Tmv (disease index 1.45) and early blight (disease index 2.3～2.5), anti-late blight (disease index 18.3-18.8) are identified and investigation result in academy of agricultural sciences, Henan Province plant protection Henan Province district examination field disease in one's power.

Two, high and stable yield: each level variety comparative test of 1989-1993 Henan Province, output all ranks preceding lance, 666.7m ²6468.7 kilograms of average yields are than the whole nation " eight or five " tomato tackling key problem check variety " Zao rich " volume increase 13.5%, 666.7m ²Have a net increase of 769.3 kilograms, the volume increase 300-400 indication absolute altitude 2.56-1.92 that stipulates than tackling key problems doubly; Four-wheel whole nation district test result, comparison are the kind of unique comparison according to volume increase according to " No. three, western powder " volume increase 9.4%.

Three, quality and commodity are good: every 100g fresh fruit VC content 17.6mg contains sugar 3.29%, acid 0.4%, soluble solid 5～5.3%; Pink fruit, circle fruit shape, the thick matter sand of fruit pork, the fruit face is neat, bright in colour, the little base of a fruit of navel is little, dehiscent fruit not, and per kilogram is than the Zao rich expensive 0.1-0.2 of other kind unit that waits, and easy sale.

Four, adaptability is strong

The season and the form that adapt to cultivation are many: be fit to spring, autumn outdoor cropping, reach spring, autumn, autumn and winter greenhouse by solar heat, plastic tunnel cultivation, be fit to summer culture, Zhengzhou City's large tracts of land is used as wheat, the cultivation of garlic stubble, all obtain good harvest, solved Henan Province in the past kind get over difficult problem of summer.The region that is fit to cultivation is wide: being fit to the cultivation of Henan the whole province, is Henan Province's main breed; Be fit to north to Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongol, south to Hubei, the whole nation 16 provinces (district) such as Jiangxi cultivate, and become one of ground, the main cultivars in city such as Harbin, Xiangfan, Nanchang.

Accompanying drawing is parent's seed selection of the present invention and hybrid combination schematic diagram

Embodiment:

1978, with the good first generation cross-fertilize seed of Zhengzhou City vegetables institute seed selection " Zheng kind No. 1 " (parent's code name: F close 8XW22) ₁On behalf of system's selection, from F ₂In generation, rises to separate and selects the fine individual plant mixing to reserve seed for planting F ₃Continuing to mix roguing reserves seed for planting; F ₄Generation screening individual plant is reserved seed for planting, and selects six elite plant strains altogether, is: 1.781-mixes-mixes-23-2; 2.781-mix-mix-23-4; 3.781-mix-mix-23-5 etc.; F5 has for continuing to filter out three elite plant strains: 1.781-mixes-mixes-23-2-1; 2.781-mix-mix-23-2-2; 3,781-mixes-mixes-23-2-4; F ₆Generation is the garden contrast, selects stable 781-to mix-mix-23-2-2-56 (numbering 56)

Culture technique

1. sowing time: because be fit to that the region of cultivation is wide, form is many, various places can be according to locality custom arrangement sowing date.666.7m ²The about 35g of sowing quantity; About seedling age spring cultivation 70 days, about summer, 35 days autumns.

2 fens seedlings and seedling management: one heart stage of two leaves, divided seedling once in the past, and spacing 10cm is square, and three leaves, one heart stage to the existing big flower bud phase will be strengthened seedbed management, is that the adapt circumstance condition is created in flower bud differentiation, prevents abnormal, dehiscent fruit generation.

3. rich water quality management: anti-rich water of Henan tomato is strong, and the high yield potentiality are big, and output requires 666.7m more than ten thousand kilograms ², execute high-quality farmyard manure 10 ³More than, and suitably enrich P, K fertilizer.

4. planting density: outdoor cropping strain, line-spacing 0.23-0.25 * 0.55 meter, 666.7m ²Field planting 4700-5000 strain; (booth, greenhouse by solar heat) 0.3-0.33 * 0.66, protection ground meter, 666.7m ²Field planting 3400-3800 strain.

First inflorescence flowering stage suitably control water, prevent " crazy seedling "; Fruit development the time in time waters " fruit promoting " to the yolk size, prevents fruit " tight skin ".

6. training is pruned: suit to go alone training, really tie steady upper back in the Sansui and stay two leaves to pinch; Because this kind bearing capacity is strong, necessary flower and fruit thinning, promptly every preface flower stay 3-4 fruit, and 9-10 fruit stayed in every strain; During high-yield cultivating, can adopt and repeatedly change the continuous result of a method, promptly keep a side shoot, so that change head on fruit top, Sansui.

7. hormone is used: the back use 30-40ppm tomato spirit flower and fruit protecting of blooming, and use " short Feng Ling " can have between pipe nipple during protection ground culturing and planting, control excessive growth, make the stem chap; joint shortens, Ye Senong, blade are thick; strengthen photosynthesis, can improve the yield improvement quality, the general 666.7m of consumption ²1.5-2.0 kilogram prevents excessive use, forms " super short " and changes seedling.

8. note sick, pest control,, will sterilize before seed is broadcast with aseptic, no sick bed seedlings and soil.This variety resistance is strong, but the work of preventing and curing diseases still can not be ignored the regular spray of attention medicine; The phase of yielding positive results is noted the control of cotton bollworm oriental tobacco budworm, regularly sprays medicine.

The indoor inoculation Tmv-0 of the vegetable or flower institute strain of table 1 the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences is the qualification result table

Variety name	Inoculation strain number	Sick indexes at different levels						Disease index	Disease-resistant type
										???0	???1	???3	???5	???7	???9
		Henan tomato No. 1	??45	???45	???0	???0	???0									???0	???0	???0	???I
No. three CK of powder morning	??45							???0	???0	???0	???43	???2	???0	??56.5	???S

Field, academy of agricultural sciences, table 2 Henan Province main disease qualification result table

Each the level test average yield comparison sheet (kilogram/666.7m over the years of table 3 Henan Province ²)

Claims (2)

1, the breeding method of F 1 hybrid of tomato, it is characterized in that utilizing economic characters from wound good and multiple diseases had No. 56 of strong resistivity and be male parent, with No. 47 of Tm-2nv gene of containing of introducing screening be female parent, and artificial hybridization is matched and is combined into crossbreed of Henan tomato.

2, by the described breeding method of claim 1, (parent 18 * W22) is with its F to it is characterized in that utilizing the good especially seeds of hybridized tomato of a proterties of Zhengzhou City Inst. of Vegetable's seed selection ₁Selfing is from F ₂In generation, rises and carries out piece-rate system seed selection and the screening of artificial inoculation on seedling disease resistance, the male parent of selecting 56 continuously; With parent's (ManapaI-Tm-2nv) resource of the tool resisting tobacco mosaic virus ospc gene of external introduction and the offspring of good cultivar hybridization, from F ₂In generation, rises and adopts continuous multi-generation selfing separation to select good strains in the field for seed, and is that the garden relatively selects maternal 47; Parents are being carried out on the basis of disease resistance evaluation and screening continuously, and the economic characters to parents are to breed two stable inbred lines by selecting best individual plant and be the garden contrast, screening best strain simultaneously; Then hybridize, be made into first-filial generation new varieties " Henan tomato No. " (853).