CN103125243B - Method for raising seedlings of camellia chrysantha plants by top grafting - Google Patents
Method for raising seedlings of camellia chrysantha plants by top grafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN103125243B CN103125243B CN201310074845.0A CN201310074845A CN103125243B CN 103125243 B CN103125243 B CN 103125243B CN 201310074845 A CN201310074845 A CN 201310074845A CN 103125243 B CN103125243 B CN 103125243B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for raising seedlings of camellia chrysantha plants by top grafting. By the aid of the method, study for supporting technologies for raising the seedlings of the camellia chrysantha plants by top grafting is carried out in the aspects such as scion, rootstock selection and processing, the grafting time, culture conditions and matters needing attention, and in order to achieve purposes of increasing a survival rate and cultivating excellent strains with both ornamental value and medicinal value, a plurality of key links are improved in an emphasized manner and include that (1), large tea-oil trees at tree ages of 60-80 years are selected as rootstocks; (2), scion cuts are subjected to wax sealing processing in a scion storage period; and (3), as the rootstocks are large and are high in drying degree and crowns of the rootstocks are large, an independent spatial protection measure is adopted after grafting, in other words, protective covers are manufactured according to sizes of the trees. The method has the advantages that problems of low quantity of existing wild camellia chrysantha, extremely low fruit rate, long seedling stage duration, low emergence rate and the like in the prior art are solved, the reproductive cycle of camellia chrysantha can be shortened, seedlings can be yielded from a garden in a period ranging from half a year to a year, the survival rate can reach 95% at least, and the excellent strains with both the ornamental value and the medicinal value can be cultivated within the shortest time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation field of economic forest, relate to cuttage breeding method medicinal, ornamental plants, more specifically relate to a kind of method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings.
Background technology
Camellia nitidissima (
camellia chrysantha) be Theaceae (
theaceae) Camellia (
camellia) Camellia nitidissima group (
sect .Chrysantha) plant; mainly be distributed in Yongning county, Guangxi; due to it, to contain special yellow Color gene KNA very rare in vegetative kingdom; fill up the blank of Yellow series camellia; therefore be described as " queen of tea family " and botanic " giant panda "; Camellia nitidissima is as the rare plant resources in a kind of world (being only distributed in Guangxi and Vietnam border one band); one of eight kinds of Threatened Plants of The First National Lists of China; be used as Traditional Folk Chinese herbal medicine in locality always; especially Camellia nitidissima camellia; because the few difficulty of amount is asked, be regarded as the honorable treasure in Camellia nitidissima.Show according to authorities,medical mechanism assay: the nontoxic level of golden flower Camellia, have no side effect, contain more than the 400 kind of nutriment useful to human body.Be rich in the multiple natural nutrient components such as Tea Polyphenols, tea polysaccharide, caffeine, TS, Tea Pigment, vitamin, amino acid, tea brass: contain the natural organic germanium that human body is had to important health-care effect, the trace elements such as selenium, molybdenum, zinc, vanadium." Guangxi medicinal material standard " recorded: Camellia nitidissima has clearing heat and detoxicating, inducing diuresis to reduce edema effect, is used for the treatment of ephritis, oedema, urinary tract infections, sphagitis, dysentery, hypertension, reduction cholesterol, pre-preventing tumor, the anti-ageing aspect of waiting for a long time has certain effect.Industrial value Camellia nitidissima flower, blade can be finish-machined to beverage series product and food colour, and its trunk timber quality is hard, and compact structure, can carve exquisite handicraft and utensil.In addition, Camellia nitidissima seed still can extract oil edible.Whole body is all precious, is a kind of economic crops of rare preciousness.
Because Camellia nitidissima Camellia nitidissima is very rare, distribute extremely narrow, the wild Camellia nitidissima in the whole world 90% is only distributed in blue mountain offshoot one band of China's tourist resources's Shiwan Dashan, grow in height above sea level below 700 meters, more common with the scope between height above sea level 200-500 rice, under vertical distribution, be limited to 20 meters of left and right of height above sea level.Therefore be necessary it to carry out artificial propagation.
Summary of the invention
Few in order to solve in prior art wild Camellia nitidissima quantity on hand, fruiting rate is extremely low, time in seedling stage is long, the problems such as emergence rate is low, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings, survival rate is reached more than 95%, cultivate to have with the shortest time and view and admire and the medicinal excellent strain having both simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The method that a kind of Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting of the present invention is grown seedlings, said method comprising the steps of:
1, the selection of rootstock seedling: stock is selected and the equal plant of Camellia nitidissima, and affinity is stronger, stronger in local adaptability, growth is very fast, and the oil tea easily of drawing materials makes stock, and the oil tea stock that the present invention selects is the tea oil tree that grows directly from seeds of growth 60-80.
2, the cultivation of rootstock seedling: Camellia nitidissima scion connects large oil tea stock, selecting the gradient is 25-35 degree, soil layer plumpness, physical features is open, sunshine is sufficient, plane digs tree dish and concentrates tailo or half tailo in flakes; Be less than the ground, gentle slope of 5 degree, build low terraced fields in outer height, on terraced fields, repair ditch, drought-enduring like this prevention waterlogging; Reach hole of one tree as the plantation cultivation base of oil tea stock;
3, the selection of scion and collection: select annual on tree strong age Camellia nitidissima, in tree crown, the peripheral healthy and strong anosis branch in top, that branch will be grown is sturdy, lignification, terminal bud full, not yet bloom, blade is complete, internode is shorter developmental branch row culture cuttings, long 8-10cm, will extract bud with the cuttings of bud, each cuttings retains 2-3 bud, upper clip is flat mouth, and apart from terminal bud 0.5-1.0cm, lower clip is flat mouth, lower clip is below internode place or below leaf bud, in order to healing.Scion will be with adopting with connecing, and selects fine day to gather scion the morning, and every leaf of each cuttings cuts off half, wraps with wet towel, in order to avoid dehydration is withered, impact survives.
4, scion processing: for making not dehydration before scion duration of storage and grafting survival, need, to the scion processing of sealing with wax, guarantee graft survival rate.First scion is cut into simple bud or two leaf stem section before sealing wax, paraffin is placed in container and is melted, wax temperature rise is dipped in wax in scion two during to 95-100 DEG C, The faster the better for speed, and wax layer is thin and transparent is advisable, and can under wax cylinder, sit a basin, the inside is filled with water, and keeps micro-the boiling of basin water, wax temperature is described just in time.After scion wax-sealing, a point kind is carried out label, in the bubble chamber that to lie against temperature and be 4 DEG C, humidity be 90%-100%, preserves 2-4 days; In storage period, to note moisturizing, fresh-keeping, avoid enduring cold, mouldy, prevent from germinateing ahead of time.
5, grafting time: when the grafting time of Camellia nitidissima is typically chosen in while turning cool autumn to be advisable and turns warm spring late October to November to be advisable the 4-5 month.Every leaf of each cuttings can cut off half, in order to avoid withered.
6, before grafting, cut anvil: remove branch that stock cuts off and weeds thereof, foreign material around so that grafting, the water of drenching, connecing in latter 5 days can not trickle, and general grafting is how many, cuts anvil how many, and envelope is buried in time.
7, grafting method: connect front disconnected anvil, select 2-3 direction difference, the more smooth branch of branch rod epithelium blocks the anvil grafting of breaking.All the other branches 2-3 branch of selecting and remain does not affect and is used as vegetative shoot and shelters from heat or light grafting operation, and unnecessary branch cuts off.
8, the height of disconnected anvil: can overhead block at 100-200cm place at stock; Potted plant grafting mouth is lower, blocks at 10-15cm place, can adopt cut-grafting method or cleft graft.The closeer each scion of eye retains 2-3 eye, and the enough aging terminal buds of branch are not wasted, and after grafting survival, terminal bud growth is very fast.Note the formation layer alignment of stock and scion, after alignment, tighten interface and seal scion with special grafting film.
Described cleft graft is: two bevels of cutting scion are wanted a face length, simultaneously short, and a side is slightly thin, and a side is slightly thick, makes bevel width be less than diameter of stock 2-5mm, and 11-13 hour is soaked in scion in clear water; While cutting anvil, shear surface and seedling stem are 25-30 degree angle, and the face of cutting is an inclined-plane, the high oblique partial application of one side from inclined-plane while cutting anvil; After scion and stock cut, immediately scion length towards inner, short towards outer insertion stock, the side shoot face that scion is slightly thick and stock branch, in the face of neat, make to form layer alignment, with plastic strip, scion and stock interface portion are tightly wrapped immediately, grafting completes; When 5-6 is all after grafting, check that its healing survives situation, graft union survives rear timely releasing bondage plastic tape, retains the healthy and strong rudiment of fertility after scion is sprouted, and it is formed well-balanced plentiful crown, the rudiment of sending on stock is erased without exception, to ensure growing of grafting.
9, the management after grafting: check 28-32 after connecing days of surviving, connecing except the rudiment autumn or spring connect check and survive in time for 18-22 after connecing days, interface has healed, it is green that scion keeps, the full beginning of eye sprouts, at this moment can wipe out the vegetative shoot of the former reservation of a part of stock, all cut off again during to 5-10cm to scion axillalry bud pumping.On stock, the rudiment of new pumping will be extractd in time, otherwise can affect the growth of buddering.After grafting 10-12 days solution tie up, shaping, after grafting survival, can solution tie up the tip of buddering is aging, scotch disconnected bandage at the reverse side of buddering with cutter, make its normal growth.As not good in the pumping direction of buddering, tree-like bad, can carry out suitable shaping, by drawing branch, with the directed shaping of rope binding.After branch is aging, to pinch in time, promote rudiment, form good tree crown.
Points for attention of the present invention: the growing environment that Camellia nitidissima happiness half is cloudy, moistening.Just a little less than the Camellia nitidissima resistance of grafting survival, more responsive to illumination, therefore to put up frame strong season in high temperature illumination and shelter from heat or light, shade density is controlled at 50%-60%.The management of moisture will note keeping ground moistening.Water generally in the morning or carry out at dusk, hot weather every day is in canopy internal spraying 2-3 time, raising air humidity.Rainy day will be noted getting rid of field ponding, prevents from macerating root.The management of fertilizer sprays foliage fertilizer to execute liquid fertilizer as main combination.Liquid fertilizer every 15-20 days executes 1 time, can execute light liquid dung, urea solution and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer liquid, and concentration progressively strengthens with the aging of nursery stock and growth.Foliage fertilizer carries out when in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, can spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Soil management, taking shallow plowing weeding as main, notes not hurting root.Can keep soil from packing together, form loose ventilative soil environment, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect, promote seedling growth.The damage by disease and insect of extermination of disease and insect pest Camellia nitidissima seedling is less, in the time that young sprout is sprouted, can find a small amount of aphid, leaf miner etc., and available 50% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times of liquid sprays control.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention: adopt the inventive method from scion, stock selects to process grafting time, condition of culture, points for attention are carried out the matching technique study that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings, to improve survival rate, it is object that the excellent strain having both with medical value is viewed and admired in cultivation, emphatically some key links are improved: (1) stock is selected the large oil tea of tree for 60-80 in age, (2) scion duration of storage is sealed with wax processing (3) because stock tree body is large to scion otch, de-dry high, tree crown is large, after grafting, adopt the safeguard measure of separate space, make protective cover according to tree size.In employing the method solution prior art, wild Camellia nitidissima quantity on hand is few, fruiting rate is extremely low, time in seedling stage is long, the problems such as emergence rate is low can shorten the Camellia nitidissima breeding cycle, half a year to one, year nursery stock can go out garden, survival rate reaches more than 95%, can cultivate the shortest time and view and admire and the medicinal excellent strain having both simultaneously.
Embodiment
Points for attention of the present invention: the growing environment that Camellia nitidissima happiness half is cloudy, moistening, just a little less than the Camellia nitidissima resistance of grafting survival, more responsive to illumination, therefore to put up frame strong season in high temperature illumination and shelter from heat or light, shade density is controlled at 50%-60%.The management of moisture will note keeping ground moistening.Water generally in the morning or carry out at dusk, hot weather every day is in canopy internal spraying 2-3 time, raising air humidity.Rainy day will be noted getting rid of field ponding, prevents from macerating root.The management of fertilizer sprays foliage fertilizer to execute liquid fertilizer as main combination.Liquid fertilizer every 15-20 days executes 1 time, can execute light liquid dung, urea solution and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer liquid, and concentration progressively strengthens with the aging of nursery stock and growth.Foliage fertilizer carries out when in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, can spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Soil management, taking shallow plowing weeding as main, notes not hurting root.Can keep soil from packing together, form loose ventilative soil environment, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect, promote seedling growth.The damage by disease and insect of extermination of disease and insect pest Camellia nitidissima seedling is less, in the time that young sprout is sprouted, can find a small amount of aphid, leaf miner etc., and available 50% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times of liquid sprays control.
embodiment 1
A kind of method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings said method comprising the steps of:
(1) selection of rootstock seedling: select oil tea as stock, oil tea stock is the growth tea oil tree that grows directly from seeds of 60 years;
(2) cultivation of rootstock seedling: Camellia nitidissima scion connects large oil tea stock, selecting the gradient is 25-35 degree, soil layer plumpness, physical features is open, sunshine is sufficient, plane digs tree dish and concentrates tailo or half tailo in flakes; Be less than the ground, gentle slope of 5 degree, build low terraced fields in outer height, on terraced fields, repair ditch, drought-enduring like this prevention waterlogging; Reach hole of one tree as the plantation cultivation base of oil tea stock;
(3) selection of scion and collection: select annual on tree strong age Camellia nitidissima, in tree crown, the peripheral healthy and strong anosis branch in top, branch select growth sturdy, lignification, terminal bud full, not yet bloom, blade is complete, internode is shorter developmental branch row culture cuttings, long 8-10cm, cuttings with bud will be extractd bud, each cuttings retains 2-3 bud, upper clip is flat mouth, apart from terminal bud 0.5-1.0cm, lower clip is flat mouth, lower clip is below internode place or below leaf bud, in order to healing; Scion will be with adopting with connecing, and selects fine day to gather scion the morning, and every leaf of each cuttings cuts off half, wraps with wet towel;
(4) scion processing: for making not dehydration before scion duration of storage and grafting survival, need, to the scion processing of sealing with wax, before sealing wax, first scion be cut into simple bud or two leaf stem section, paraffin is placed in container and is melted, when wax temperature rise to 100 DEG C, wax is dipped at scion two, and wax layer is thin and transparent is advisable; After scion wax-sealing, a point kind is carried out label, in the bubble chamber that to lie against temperature and be 4 DEG C, humidity be 100%, preserves 2 days;
(5) grafting time: the grafting time of Camellia nitidissima is selected late October; Every leaf of each cuttings cuts off half, in order to avoid withered;
(6) before grafting, cut anvil: remove branch around of stock growth and weeds thereof, foreign material so that grafting, the water of drenching, connects in latter 5 days not trickle, general grafting, that the amount of cutting anvil is cut how much use according to the arrangement of time is how many, and envelope is buried in time;
(7) grafting method: connect front disconnected anvil, select 2-3 direction difference, a branch rod epithelium more smooth branch blocks the anvil grafting of break, all the other branches 2-3 branch of selecting and remain operates the branch not affecting on grafting, as vegetative shoot with shelter from heat or light use, unnecessary branch cuts off;
(8) height of disconnected anvil: overhead block at 100-200cm place at stock; Potted plant grafting mouth is lower, blocks at 10-15cm place; Adopt cleft graft; The closeer each scion of eye retains 2-3 eye; The formation layer of stock and scion will align, and after alignment, tightens interface and seals scion with special grafting film;
Described cleft graft is: two bevels of cutting scion are wanted a face length, simultaneously short, and a side is slightly thin, and a side is slightly thick, makes bevel width be less than diameter of stock 2-5 mm, and 11-13 hour is soaked in scion in clear water; While cutting anvil, shear surface and seedling stem are 25-30 degree angle, and the face of cutting is an inclined-plane, the high oblique partial application of one side from inclined-plane while cutting anvil; After scion and stock cut, immediately scion length towards inner, short towards outer insertion stock, the side shoot face that scion is slightly thick and stock branch, in the face of neat, make to form layer alignment, with plastic strip, scion and stock interface portion are tightly wrapped immediately, grafting completes; When 5-6 is all after grafting, check that its healing survives situation, graft union survives rear timely releasing bondage plastic tape, retains the healthy and strong rudiment of fertility after scion is sprouted, and it is formed well-balanced plentiful crown, the rudiment of sending on stock is erased without exception, to ensure growing of grafting.
(9) management after grafting: check that the inspections in time in 28-32 after connecing days that survive, connect except the rudiment autumn survive, interface has healed, and it is green that scion keeps, and full beginning of eye sprouts, at this moment wipe out the vegetative shoot of the former reservation of a part of stock, all cut off again during to 5-10cm to scion axillalry bud pumping; Extract in time the rudiment of new pumping on stock; After grafting 10-12 days solution tie up, shaping.After grafting survival, can solution tie up the tip of buddering is aging, scotch disconnected bandage at the reverse side of buddering with cutter, make its normal growth.As not good in the pumping direction of buddering, tree-like bad, can carry out suitable shaping, by drawing branch, with the directed shaping of rope binding.After branch is aging, to pinch in time, promote rudiment, form good tree crown.
embodiment 2:
The method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) selection of rootstock seedling: select oil tea as stock, oil tea stock is the growth tea oil tree that grows directly from seeds of 80 years;
(2) cultivation of rootstock seedling: Camellia nitidissima scion connects large oil tea stock, selecting the gradient is 25-35 degree, soil layer plumpness, physical features is open, sunshine is sufficient, plane digs tree dish and concentrates tailo or half tailo in flakes; Be less than the ground, gentle slope of 5 degree, build low terraced fields in outer height, on terraced fields, repair ditch, drought-enduring like this prevention waterlogging; Reach hole of one tree as the plantation cultivation base of oil tea stock;
(3) selection of scion and collection: select annual on tree strong age Camellia nitidissima, in tree crown, the peripheral healthy and strong anosis branch in top, branch select growth sturdy, lignification, terminal bud full, not yet bloom, blade is complete, internode is shorter developmental branch row culture cuttings, long 8-10cm, cuttings with bud will be extractd bud, each cuttings retains 2-3 bud, upper clip is flat mouth, apart from terminal bud 0.5-1.0cm, lower clip is flat mouth, lower clip is below internode place or below leaf bud, in order to healing; Scion will be with adopting with connecing, and selects fine day to gather scion the morning, and every leaf of each cuttings cuts off half, wraps with wet towel;
(4) scion processing: for making not dehydration before scion duration of storage and grafting survival, need, to the scion processing of sealing with wax, before sealing wax, first scion be cut into simple bud or two leaf stem section, paraffin is placed in container and is melted, when wax temperature rise to 95 DEG C, wax is dipped at scion two, and wax layer is thin and transparent is advisable; After scion wax-sealing, a point kind is carried out label, in the bubble chamber that to lie against temperature and be 4 DEG C, humidity be 90%, preserves 2-4 days;
(5) grafting time: the grafting time of Camellia nitidissima is chosen in April; Every leaf of each cuttings cuts off half, in order to avoid withered;
(6) before grafting, cut anvil: remove branch around of stock growth and weeds thereof, foreign material so that grafting, the water of drenching, connecing in latter 5 days can not trickle, and general grafting, that the amount of cutting anvil is cut how much use according to the arrangement of time is how many, and envelope is buried in time;
(7) grafting method: connect front disconnected anvil, select 2-3 direction difference, a branch rod epithelium more smooth branch blocks the anvil grafting of break, all the other branches 2-3 branch of selecting and remain operates the branch not affecting on grafting, as vegetative shoot with shelter from heat or light use, unnecessary branch cuts off;
(8) height of disconnected anvil: overhead block at 100-200cm place at stock; Potted plant grafting mouth is lower, blocks at 10-15cm place; Adopt cleft graft; The closeer each scion of eye retains 2-3 eye; The formation layer of stock and scion will align, and after alignment, tightens interface and seals scion with special grafting film;
Described cleft graft is: two bevels of cutting scion are wanted a face length, simultaneously short, and a side is slightly thin, and a side is slightly thick, makes bevel width be less than diameter of stock 2-5 mm, and scion is soaked 11 hours in clear water; While cutting anvil, shear surface and seedling stem are 25-30 degree angle, and the face of cutting is an inclined-plane, the high oblique partial application of one side from inclined-plane while cutting anvil; After scion and stock cut, immediately scion length towards inner, short towards outer insertion stock, the side shoot face that scion is slightly thick and stock branch, in the face of neat, make to form layer alignment, with plastic strip, scion and stock interface portion are tightly wrapped immediately, grafting completes; When 5-6 is all after grafting, check that its healing survives situation, graft union survives rear timely releasing bondage plastic tape, retains the healthy and strong rudiment of fertility after scion is sprouted, and it is formed well-balanced plentiful crown, the rudiment of sending on stock is erased without exception, to ensure growing of grafting.
(9) management after grafting: what the spring connect checks and survive for 18-22 after connecing days in time, interface has healed, and it is green that scion keeps, and full beginning of eye sprouts, at this moment wipe out the vegetative shoot of the former reservation of a part of stock, all cut off again during to 5-10cm to scion axillalry bud pumping; Extract in time the rudiment of new pumping on stock; After grafting 10-12 days solution tie up, shaping.After grafting survival, can solution tie up the tip of buddering is aging, scotch disconnected bandage at the reverse side of buddering with cutter, make its normal growth.As not good in the pumping direction of buddering, tree-like bad, can carry out suitable shaping, by drawing branch, with the directed shaping of rope binding.After branch is aging, to pinch in time, promote rudiment, form good tree crown.
embodiment 3:
The method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) selection of rootstock seedling: select oil tea as stock, oil tea stock is the tea oil tree that grows directly from seeds of growth 60-80;
(2) cultivation of rootstock seedling: Camellia nitidissima scion connects large oil tea stock, selecting the gradient is 25-35 degree, soil layer plumpness, physical features is open, sunshine is sufficient, plane digs tree dish and concentrates tailo or half tailo in flakes; Be less than the ground, gentle slope of 5 degree, build low terraced fields in outer height, on terraced fields, repair ditch, drought-enduring like this prevention waterlogging; Reach hole of one tree as the plantation cultivation base of oil tea stock;
(3) selection of scion and collection: select annual on tree strong age Camellia nitidissima, in tree crown, the peripheral healthy and strong anosis branch in top, branch select growth sturdy, lignification, terminal bud full, not yet bloom, blade is complete, internode is shorter developmental branch row culture cuttings, long 8-10cm, cuttings with bud will be extractd bud, each cuttings retains 2-3 bud, upper clip is flat mouth, apart from terminal bud 0.5-1.0cm, lower clip is flat mouth, lower clip is below internode place or below leaf bud, in order to healing; Scion will be with adopting with connecing, and selects fine day to gather scion the morning, and every leaf of each cuttings cuts off half, wraps with wet towel;
(4) scion processing: for making not dehydration before scion duration of storage and grafting survival, need, to the scion processing of sealing with wax, before sealing wax, first scion be cut into simple bud or two leaf stem section, paraffin is placed in container and is melted, wax temperature rise is dipped in wax in scion two during to 95-100 DEG C, and wax layer is thin and transparent is advisable; After scion wax-sealing, a point kind is carried out label, in the bubble chamber that to lie against temperature and be 4 DEG C, humidity be 90%-100%, preserves 2-4 days;
(5) grafting time: when the grafting time of Camellia nitidissima is chosen in while turning cool autumn to be advisable or turns warm spring late October to November to be advisable the 4-5 month; Every leaf of each cuttings cuts off half, in order to avoid withered;
(6) before grafting, cut anvil: remove branch around of stock growth and weeds thereof, foreign material so that grafting, the water of drenching, connecing in latter 5 days can not trickle, and general grafting, that the amount of cutting anvil is cut how much use according to the arrangement of time is how many, and envelope is buried in time;
(7) grafting method: connect front disconnected anvil, select 2-3 direction difference, a branch rod epithelium more smooth branch blocks the anvil grafting of break, all the other branches 2-3 branch of selecting and remain operates the branch not affecting on grafting, as vegetative shoot with shelter from heat or light use, unnecessary branch cuts off;
(8) height of disconnected anvil: overhead block at 100-200cm place at stock; Potted plant grafting mouth is lower, blocks at 10-15cm place; Adopt cut-grafting method or cleft graft; The closeer each scion of eye retains 2-3 eye; The formation layer of stock and scion will align, and after alignment, tightens interface and seals scion with special grafting film;
Described cleft graft is: two bevels of cutting scion are wanted a face length, simultaneously short, and a side is slightly thin, and a side is slightly thick, makes bevel width be less than diameter of stock 2-5 mm, and scion is soaked 13 hours in clear water; While cutting anvil, shear surface and seedling stem are 25-30 degree angle, and the face of cutting is an inclined-plane, the high oblique partial application of one side from inclined-plane while cutting anvil; After scion and stock cut, immediately scion length towards inner, short towards outer insertion stock, the side shoot face that scion is slightly thick and stock branch, in the face of neat, make to form layer alignment, with plastic strip, scion and stock interface portion are tightly wrapped immediately, grafting completes; When 5-6 is all after grafting, check that its healing survives situation, graft union survives rear timely releasing bondage plastic tape, retains the healthy and strong rudiment of fertility after scion is sprouted, and it is formed well-balanced plentiful crown, the rudiment of sending on stock is erased without exception, to ensure growing of grafting.
(9) management after grafting: check 28-32 after connecing days of surviving, connecing except the rudiment autumn or spring connect check and survive in time for 18-22 after connecing days, interface has healed, it is green that scion keeps, the full beginning of eye sprouts, at this moment wipe out the vegetative shoot of the former reservation of a part of stock, all cut off again during to 5-10cm to scion axillalry bud pumping; Extract in time the rudiment of new pumping on stock; After grafting 10-12 days solution tie up, shaping.After grafting survival, can solution tie up the tip of buddering is aging, scotch disconnected bandage at the reverse side of buddering with cutter, make its normal growth.As not good in the pumping direction of buddering, tree-like bad, can carry out suitable shaping, by drawing branch, with the directed shaping of rope binding.After branch is aging, to pinch in time, promote rudiment, form good tree crown.
Claims (2)
1. the method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings, is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
(1) selection of rootstock seedling: select oil tea as stock, oil tea stock is the tea oil tree that grows directly from seeds of growth 60-80;
(2) cultivation of rootstock seedling: Camellia nitidissima scion connects large oil tea stock, selecting the gradient is 25-35 degree, soil layer plumpness, physical features is open, sunshine is sufficient, plane digs tree dish and concentrates tailo or half tailo in flakes; Be less than the ground, gentle slope of 5 degree, build low terraced fields in outer height, on terraced fields, repair ditch, drought-enduring like this prevention waterlogging; Reach hole of one tree as the plantation cultivation base of oil tea stock;
(3) selection of scion and collection: on tree, select strong age Camellia nitidissima annual, in tree crown, top is peripheral healthy and strong anosis
Branch, branch select growth sturdy, lignification, terminal bud full, not yet bloom, blade is complete, internode is shorter developmental branch row culture cuttings, long 8-10cm, cuttings with bud will be extractd bud, and each cuttings retains 2-3 bud, and upper clip is flat mouth, apart from terminal bud 0.5-1.0cm, lower clip is flat mouth, and lower clip is below internode place or below leaf bud, in order to healing; Scion will be with adopting with connecing, and selects fine day to gather scion the morning, and every leaf of each cuttings cuts off half, wraps with wet towel;
(4) scion processing: for making not dehydration before scion duration of storage and grafting survival, need, to the scion processing of sealing with wax, before sealing wax, first scion be cut into simple bud or two leaf stem section, paraffin is placed in container and is melted, wax temperature rise is dipped in wax in scion two during to 95-100 DEG C, and wax layer is thin and transparent is advisable; After scion wax-sealing, a point kind is carried out label, in the bubble chamber that to lie against temperature and be 4 DEG C, humidity be 90%-100%, preserves 2-4 days;
(5) grafting time: when the grafting time of Camellia nitidissima is chosen in while turning cool autumn to be advisable or turns warm spring late October to November to be advisable the 4-5 month; Every leaf of each cuttings cuts off half, in order to avoid withered;
(6) before grafting, cut anvil: remove branch around of stock growth and weeds thereof, foreign material so that grafting, the water of drenching, connecing in latter 5 days can not trickle, and general grafting, that the amount of cutting anvil is cut how much use according to the arrangement of time is how many, and envelope is buried in time;
(7) grafting method: connect front disconnected anvil, select 2-3 direction difference, a branch rod epithelium more smooth branch blocks the anvil grafting of break, all the other branches 2-3 branch of selecting and remain operates the branch not affecting on grafting, as vegetative shoot with shelter from heat or light use, unnecessary branch cuts off;
(8) height of disconnected anvil: overhead block at 100-200cm place at stock; Potted plant grafting mouth is lower, blocks at 10-15cm place; Adopt cut-grafting method or cleft graft; The closeer each scion of eye retains 2-3 eye; The formation layer of stock and scion will align, and after alignment, tightens interface and seals scion with special grafting film;
(9) management after grafting: check 28-32 after connecing days of surviving, connecing except the rudiment autumn or spring connect check and survive in time for 18-22 after connecing days, interface has healed, it is green that scion keeps, the full beginning of eye sprouts, at this moment wipe out the vegetative shoot of the former reservation of a part of stock, all cut off again during to 5-10cm to scion axillalry bud pumping; Extract in time the rudiment of new pumping on stock; After grafting 10-12 days solution tie up, shaping.
2. the method that a kind of Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting according to claim 1 is grown seedlings, it is characterized in that: described cleft graft is: two bevels of cutting scion are wanted a face length, simultaneously short, one side is slightly thin, one side is slightly thick, make bevel width be less than diameter of stock 2-5mm, 11-13 hour is soaked in scion in clear water; While cutting anvil, shear surface and seedling stem are 25-30 degree angle, and the face of cutting is an inclined-plane, the high oblique partial application of one side from inclined-plane while cutting anvil; After scion and stock cut, immediately scion length towards inner, short towards outer insertion stock, the side shoot face that scion is slightly thick and stock branch, in the face of neat, make to form layer alignment, with plastic strip, scion and stock interface portion are tightly wrapped immediately, grafting completes; When 5-6 is all after grafting, check that its healing survives situation, graft union survives rear timely releasing bondage plastic tape, retains the healthy and strong rudiment of fertility after scion is sprouted, and it is formed well-balanced plentiful crown, the rudiment of sending on stock is erased without exception, to ensure growing of grafting.
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