CN111296099B

CN111296099B - Camellia nitidissima big branch grafting method

Info

Publication number: CN111296099B
Application number: CN202010135117.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 柴胜丰; 邹蓉; 陈宗游; 唐辉; 唐健民; 熊忠臣
Original assignee: Guangxi Institute of Botany of CAS
Current assignee: Guangxi Institute of Botany of CAS
Priority date: 2020-03-02
Filing date: 2020-03-02
Publication date: 2022-03-22
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-02
Also published as: CN111296099A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for grafting a big branch of golden camellia, which comprises the following operation steps: (1) selecting rootstocks; (2) selecting scions; (3) treating the rootstock; (4) scion treatment; (5) grafting: the scion is embedded into a V-shaped groove of the stock, the two sides of the scion are tightly combined, the connector is fastened by a thin iron wire, the excessive part after fastening is downward, then the connector is bound by a film, the scion is wrapped by the film, and the excessive iron wire is not completely wrapped by the plastic film, so that the connector is prevented from accumulating water, and the air permeability can be kept; (6) and (5) managing after grafting. The method improves the grafting survival rate of the golden camellia, promotes the growth and flowering of the scions, shortens the cultivation period of large-size plants, and has a good promoting effect on the development of the golden camellia industry.

Description

Camellia nitidissima big branch grafting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of production and cultivation of golden camellia, and particularly relates to a method for grafting a big branch of golden camellia.

Background

Camellia nitidissima (Camellia nitidissima) is a Camellia nitidissima group (Theaceae, Camellia, Sect. Chrysantha Chang) plant in the genus of Camellia of the family Theaceae, is evergreen shrub or small arbor, and is a rare ornamental plant and germplasm resource in the world. Enjoying the reputations of "tea queen", "plant pandas", "fantastic camellia flower", etc. The golden camellia contains various trace elements, amino acids, vitamins, tea polyphenol, tea polysaccharide, flavonoid, saponin and other components which have important health care effects on human bodies, and is very suitable for tea making. The golden camellia also has high medicinal value, and is commonly used for treating pharyngolaryngitis, dysentery, nephritis, edema, urinary tract infection and other diseases. The record of the drug effect of the golden camellia is recorded in Guangxi national medicine concisely, Guangxi Chinese medicinal material standards and Guangxi medicinal plant famous records, and the golden camellia is listed in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region Zhuang medicine quality standards (volume II); in 2010, the golden camellia is approved as a new resource food by the original ministry of health.

At present, golden camellia has been developed into various types of products, which mainly comprise teas and health-care foods, including flower teas, bud teas, tea bags, concentrated beverages, oral liquids, solid beverages, buccal tablets and the like, and related products are sold in good markets. In addition, the large-size nursery stocks of the camellia chrysantha are in short supply as a rare ornamental plant. The camellia nitidissima grows slowly, and seedlings or cutting seedlings are difficult to grow into plants with large crowns, thick branches and large flower amount within a few years, which is an important reason for limiting the production and application of the camellia nitidissima. In recent years, there are some reports about grafting by using a large camellia oleifera tree as a stock and using small camellia branches as scions and adopting methods such as cleft grafting, cut grafting, inarching and the like, but the method still has the problems of poor tree form of the stock, low grafting survival rate, relatively late flowering time and the like.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for grafting the big branches of the golden camellia, which takes the adult camellia plants as the stocks, selects the big branches of the golden camellia of excellent strains as the scions, applies the crown-changing grafting technology of the big trees, gives full play to the advantages of the thick and strong stocks and the branches of the scions, and quickly cultivates the big golden camellia plants with fast growth, big tree crowns, fast blossoming and large flower amount.

The technology improves the grafting survival rate of the golden camellia, promotes the growth and flowering of the scions, shortens the cultivation period of large-size plants, and has a good promoting effect on the development of the golden camellia industry.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a method for grafting a big branch of golden camellia comprises the following operation steps:

(1) selecting the rootstock: selecting a camellia adult plant which is 10-25 years old, vigorous in growth and free of diseases and insect pests as a stock, pruning branches at a position 1.5-2.0 m away from the ground, reserving 6-8 main branches with proper and balanced main branch angles and robust growth, reserving 3-4 side branches for each main branch as the stock for grafting, cutting the rest branches, and reserving 2-3 small branches as nutrition branches for providing nutrients;

(2) selecting scions: selecting excellent golden camellia plants with large flowering number, large flower types and strong adaptability as stock plants, and cutting large branches with the diameter of 0.8-1.5 cm from the middle upper parts of the stock trees as scions;

(3) treating the rootstock: selecting branches with the diameter of 0.8-2.5 cm in the step (1) as stocks, cutting the upper ports of the stocks flat, and shearing the stocks into hollow V-shaped grooves in the center or at the edges of the stocks according to the diameter of the scions to form V-shaped grooves, wherein the width of the V-shaped grooves is consistent with the diameter of the scions;

(4) scion treatment: selecting branches with the scion diameter consistent with the width of the V-shaped groove of the stock in the step (2) as scions, shearing the branches into a solid V-shaped shape in the center of the lower end of the scions, and horizontally shearing the upper ends of the scions, wherein the length of the scions is kept to be 6-8 cm;

(5) grafting: embedding the scion obtained in the step (4) into the V-shaped groove of the stock obtained in the step (3), tightly combining two sides, fastening the connector by using a thin iron wire with the length of about 15cm and the diameter of 2mm, enabling the excessive part to face downwards after being fastened, then binding the connector by using a plastic film, and simultaneously wrapping the scion by using a film for 1 layer so as to preserve moisture and prevent the influence of rainwater, wherein the plastic film does not completely wrap the excessive iron wire, so that the connector is not accumulated with water, and meanwhile, the ventilation is kept, and the healing of the connector is facilitated;

(6) and (3) management after grafting: checking the healing condition of the interface 15-20 days after grafting, and performing supplementary grafting if the grafting fails; removing sprouts for 1 time every week at the initial stage of scion survival, observing whether the scion has leaf buds sprouting 2 months after grafting, timely cutting a binding film by a blade when the scion has the sprouts so that the grafted buds grow normally, and reserving 2 sprouting new branches for each scion; and removing the iron wires after 3 months, cutting out the nutrient branches, and performing normal measures such as fertilizer and water management, pest control and the like, wherein the grafting time is suitable for 3-6 months.

Preferably, the camellia variety in the step (1) is Hongluozhen.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the method, the big branches of the golden camellia are used as the scions, so that the advantages of the robustness of the golden camellia can be fully utilized, the growth of new tips of the scions is accelerated, and the early blooming of grafted plants is promoted; in addition, compared with the small branch grafting, the large branch scion has large contact area with the stock, and the grafting survival rate is improved.

(2) Compared with camellia oleifera, the camellia oleifera adopted as the rootstock has relatively low branch hardness and good tree shape, and is beneficial to improving the grafting survival rate and forming beautiful crowns after grafting.

(3) The invention tightens the interface with iron wire, and packs the interface with plastic film but not completely seals the interface, which is beneficial to improving the grafting survival rate.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a golden camellia grafted according to the method of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows the cutting mode of the rootstock and the scion in the method of the present invention, wherein a is the cut of the rootstock and b is the cut of the scion.

FIG. 3 is a golden camellia half year after being grafted according to the method of the invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, but it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Reagents, materials and the like used in examples were all commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the examples, the Camellia nitidissima without specific varieties refers to species distributed in city, and the Latin is named as Camellia nitidissima.

The rootstock adopted in the embodiment of the invention is Hongluozhen, and is obtained by cultivating the following method:

seedling breeding: cultivating Hongluozhen seedlings by adopting seed propagation or cutting propagation, and planting when the seedlings grow to 50-60 cm;

② field planting of nursery stock: in winter or spring, selecting flat or mountain land with acidic soil (5.0-6.5), fertile soil and good drainage for field planting, matching upper layer shading tree species (masson pine, phoenix tree, arbor magnolia and the like) or artificial shading net shading (shading degree is about 50%) with the field planting land, and planting stock seedlings according to the plant row spacing of 2.5-3 m multiplied by 3-3.5 m;

managing the nursery stock: keeping the soil not too dry or too wet, watering once in the morning and at night in arid weather, and draining water in time in rainy days to prevent root retting; fertilizing for 3-4 times every year, wherein the fertilizer mainly comprises compound fertilizer and compost, and is applied for many times in a thin mode, strong seedlings are applied for many times, weak seedlings are applied for few times or not; intertillage and weeding are generally required for 5-6 times all the year round; pruning and thinning flowers regularly, pruning weak branches and thinning flower buds, reducing nutrient consumption and promoting the growth of rootstock seedlings; the main diseases and pests comprise brown spot, yellow spot, red spider, scale insects, prodigiosin and the like, and are generally controlled by comprehensive measures and cultivated for 10-25 years for later use.

Example 1

A method for grafting golden camellia branches is characterized in that grafting time is 3 months and 15 days in 2017, and the specific operation steps are as follows:

(1) selecting the rootstock: selecting the standby adult plant of the camellia hong Lu Zhen which grows for 10-25 years, grows vigorously and does not have diseases and insect pests as a stock, pruning branches at a position 1.5-2.0 m away from the ground, reserving 6-8 main branches with proper and balanced main branch angles and robust growth, reserving 3-4 lateral branches for each main branch as the stock for grafting, cutting the rest branches, and reserving 2-3 small branches as nutrient branches for providing nutrients;

(3) treating the rootstock: selecting a branch with the diameter of 0.8-2.5 cm as a stock, cutting an upper port of the stock flat by using a sharp knife, and shearing the stock into a hollow V-shaped groove by using a thick branch grafting machine at the center or the edge of the stock according to the diameter of a scion to form a V-shaped groove, wherein the width of the V-shaped groove is consistent with the diameter of the scion as shown in figure 2 a;

(4) scion treatment: selecting branches with the scion diameter consistent with the V-shaped width of the rootstock as scions, and shearing the branches at the center of the lower ends of the scions by using a grafting machine into solid V-shaped branches embedded with the V-shaped branches of the rootstocks obtained in the step (3), wherein the upper ends of the branches are cut horizontally, and the scions are 6-8 cm in length;

(5) grafting: and (3) embedding the scion obtained in the step (4) into a V-shaped groove of the stock, tightly combining two sides, fastening the connector by using a thin iron wire with the length of about 15cm and the diameter of 2mm, enabling the excessive part to face downwards after fastening, then wrapping the connector by using a plastic film, and simultaneously wrapping 1 layer of the scion by using a film so as to preserve moisture and prevent the influence of rainwater. The plastic film does not completely wrap the excessive iron wires, so that the joint is not accumulated with water, and meanwhile, the air permeability can be kept, and the joint is favorably healed;

(6) and (3) management after grafting: checking the healing condition of the interface 15-20 days after grafting, and performing supplementary grafting if the grafting fails; removing sprouts for 1 time per week at the initial stage of scion survival; observing whether the scions have leaf buds sprouting 2 months after grafting, timely cutting the binding film by a blade when the scions have the sprouting so that the grafted buds grow normally, and reserving 2 new sprouting branches for each scion; after 3 months, the iron wires are removed, and the nutrient branches are cut off. And carrying out normal measures such as fertilizer and water management, pest control and the like.

Example 2

The grafting time of example 2 was 2017, 5 months and 15 days, and the rest of the procedure was exactly the same as that of example 1.

Comparative example 1

In the step (5), the interface is directly bound and sealed and fastened by using a plastic film without binding the interface by using an iron wire, and the rest of the operation steps are completely the same as those in the embodiment 1.

Comparative example 2

In the present example, the common camellia oleifera is used as the rootstock to replace the camellia sinensis, and the rest of the operations are completely the same as those in example 1.

Comparative example 3

In this embodiment, the scion is grafted by using a cleft grafting method, wherein the grafting time is 3 months and 15 days in 2017:

(1) selecting the rootstock: same as example 1;

(2) selecting scions: selecting excellent golden camellia plants with large flowering quantity, large flower type and strong adaptability as stock plants, and shearing new scions which are vigorous in growth, healthy and disease-free and have plump and semi-lignified bud eyes from the middle upper parts of the stock trees;

(3) treating the rootstock: selecting branches with the diameter of 0.8-2.5 cm as stocks, and cutting the upper ports of the stocks flat by a sharp knife; vertically cutting a joint downwards at a position 2-3 mm away from the outer side of the transverse section of the stock by using a grafting knife, wherein the joint is 1.5cm deep;

(4) scion treatment: cutting two sides 0.5cm below the bud eye of the scion into symmetrical cutting surfaces with the length of 1.7cm to form a wedge shape which is convenient to insert into the interface, then cutting off the two sides 0.3cm above the bud eye, and simultaneously reserving one leaf on the scion to obtain the scion with one bud and one leaf;

(5) grafting: the scion is inserted into the port of the stock, the cambium of the stock and the cambium of the scion are aligned, the scion is exposed in white by 0.2cm during jointing, then the port is wrapped by a plastic film, the bud eye and the leaf are exposed, and the scion is sleeved with a bag and is properly shaded.

(6) And (3) management after grafting: same as in example 1.

The survival rate and growth condition data of the golden camellia according to different grafting methods of the above examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3 are counted to obtain the data shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the method using the shoot grafting (comparative example 3), the grafting survival rate of the invention is improved by 9%, the length of the scion after 10 months is increased by 150%, and the scion blooms early; compared with the method adopting camellia oleifera as rootstocks (comparative example 2), the grafting survival rate of the method is improved by 19%, the scion slight-drawing length is increased by 71.1% after 10 months, and the flowering quantity of each scion is improved by 110% after 1 year and a half; meanwhile, the grafting survival rate is also obviously improved by binding the stock and ear interface with the iron wire. The technology improves the grafting survival rate of the golden camellia, promotes the growth and flowering of the scions, shortens the cultivation period of large-size plants, and has a good promoting effect on the development of the golden camellia industry.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for grafting a big branch of golden camellia is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

(1) selecting the rootstock: selecting an adult plant of the camellia sinensis with the red dew delicacies as a stock;

(5) grafting: embedding the scion obtained in the step (4) into the V-shaped groove of the stock obtained in the step (3), tightly combining two sides, fastening the connector by using a thin iron wire, enabling the excessive part to face downwards after fastening, then binding the connector by using a film, and simultaneously wrapping the scion by using the film, wherein the excessive iron wire is not completely wrapped by the plastic film, so that the connector is prevented from water accumulation, and the air permeability can be kept;

(6) and (3) management after grafting: removing sprouts for 1 time every week at the initial stage of scion survival, observing whether the scion has leaf buds sprouting 2 months after grafting, timely cutting a binding film by a blade when the scion has the sprouts so that the grafted buds grow normally, and reserving 2 sprouting new branches for each scion; and after 3 months, removing iron wires, cutting out the nutrient branches, and performing normal fertilizer and water management and pest control.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the grafting time is 3-6 months.