CN109121997B - Long-flowering-period vine jasmine flower and breeding method thereof - Google Patents
Long-flowering-period vine jasmine flower and breeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a long flowering period vine jasmine flower and a breeding method thereof, wherein the long flowering period vine jasmine flower is bred by grafting two flowers with different flowering periods, namely single-petal jasmine and hairy jasmine, and the bred variety can maintain the long flowering period characteristic of a female parent when used for cuttage breeding. The bred liana jasmine flowers with long flowering phase meet the requirements of people on landscape jasmine flowers with long flowering phase, and the invention also provides theoretical basis for breeding plants with long flowering phase.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding and planting, in particular to a long-flowering-period liana jasmine flower and a breeding method thereof.
Background
Jasmine, also known as jasmine flower, is a genus of Jasminum of Oleaceae (A. officinalis)Jasminum) Evergreen shrubs or vines, which are collectively known as native to india, pakistan, have been introduced and widely grown in china. Jasmine leaves are emerald green, pure in color and strong in fragrance, and are the most common aromatic flowers and trees. Jasmine likes warm and moist, and grows best in a well ventilated and semi-cloudy environment. The soil is most suitable for micro-acidic sandy loam containing a large amount of humus. Most varieties are intolerant to cold, intolerant to drought, and intolerant to frost, wet waterlogging and alkaline earth, and branches and leaves are easy to suffer from frost damage when the temperature is lower than 3 ℃ in winter, and die after long-term use. The jasmine has good health care and beauty treatment effects, and can be used for diet. It symbolizes love and friendship. The jasmine is extremely fragrant, and is a famous scented tea raw material and an important essence raw material; the herbs of flowers and leaves are indicated for blood-shot eyes with swelling and pain, and also have the actions of relieving cough and resolving phlegm.
The single-petal jasmine is short and small, 70-90 cm high, thin in stem and branch, and in the shape of a vine, so it is called "lian jasmine". The blade is oval, and the leaf matter is thinner, and the leaf tip is sharp slightly, whole reason, and length is 5 ~ 9 centimetres, and the width is 3.5 ~ 5.5 centimetres. The corolla is single-layer, has few splinters (petals) and 7-11 pieces, each piece is about 1.3 cm long and 1cm wide, is oval, white, slightly wrinkled on the surface, and has a tip, so the corolla is also called as jasmine with a sharp tip. The single petal jasmine corolla tube is longer, about 1.5 cm, and has 2 stamens with the same length as the pistils. Gathering and scattering inflorescences, growing at the tops or in the axilla, and growing 3-12 flowers in each inflorescence, wherein the number of the flowers can reach more than 30. The bud is slightly sharp and long, smaller and light. The single-petal jasmine in China is bred for many years in various places to form more local improved varieties, and the single-petal jasmine has high yield and good quality and is provided with Fujian Changle varieties, Fuzhou varieties, Jinhua varieties and Taiwan varieties. Wherein the Taiwan jasmine flower is fresh, cool, fresh and pure. The single-petal jasmine flower bud is opened early, the latent flower is opened generally at 6-7 nightfall, and the jasmine tea scented by the single-petal jasmine flower has strong fragrance and fresh taste which is beyond the double-petal jasmine flower. The single-petal jasmine flower has strong drought resistance, is suitable for planting in mountain feet and hilly slope lands, but has less flower yield than double-petal jasmine, and is cold-resistant, waterlogging-resistant and weak in disease and insect resistance. The jasmine flower is extremely fertile, and the potted jasmine can flower for three times in one year as long as the jasmine is properly maintained; if the fertilizer is insufficient and the nutrient is insufficient, the flower does not bloom any more after one-time flowering; when the management is in place, the operation can be started from the bottom of 5 months to the beginning of 11 months without stopping.
Mao jasmine (academic name:Jasminum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Andr.) Native to india. The Mao jasmine flowers are pure white and fragrant, the fragrance is like jasmine flowers, the flowering period is long, and the Mao jasmine flowers bloom in less flowering seasons of winter and spring, and are suitable for potted plant indoor decoration. Mirabilis jalapa is a flower of Indonesian countries. Distributed in India, southeast Asia and mainland China, and grown in areas with elevation of 1000 meters. It can be used for treating abdominal pain due to diarrhea, conjunctival congestion, swelling and pain, pyocutaneous disease, and toxic swelling; is fragrant and can be used as ornamental plant. Climbing shrubs, 1-6 m high. The small branches are slender, bent, cylindrical and densely covered with tawny villi, and then gradually fall off. The leaf is opposite or nearly opposite, single leaf, leaf paper, oval or heart-shaped, 3-8.5 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, tip is gradually sharp, sharp or blunt, heart-shaped or truncated shape of base, smooth upper surface or short and soft hair, loose short and soft hair to dense villus below, concave upper surface, convex lower surface, 3-6 pairs of side veins sometimes; the petiole is 5-10 mm long, and the joint and the villus are near the base. Head-shaped inflorescence or dense conical polyinflotia, apical or axillary, and densely covered with tawny villi; short or defective peduncle; fragrance of flowers; the calyx is villus, 6-9 pieces of cleft, taper shape, length 2-6 mm; the corolla is white and is in a high-foot disc shape, the length of a corolla tube is 1-1.7 cm, the diameter of the corolla tube is 2-3 mm, the number of split pieces is 8, and the corolla tube is in an oblong shape or a narrow oval shape, the length of the corolla tube is 1-1.4 cm, and the width of the corolla tube is 4-6 mm. Oval fruit shape, brown. The flowering phase is 10 months to 4 months in the next year.
Both single-petal jasmine and hairy jasmine are good in appearance and have fragrance, and are often used as ornamental plants and have the function of refreshing air. The flowering pot culture usually wins flowers, most people can ask how long the flowering period is when buying the pot culture which can bloom, the longer the flowering period is better, but the plants which can continuously bloom in four seasons of the year are not many, and the flowering period of the four seasons jasmine on the net is 7-9 months. As one of the most popular ornamental plants, the problem of how to prolong the flowering phase of jasmine is always discussed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a long-flowering liana flower and a breeding method thereof, the invention breeds a long-flowering liana flower with a flowering period of more than 11 months by grafting two flowers with different flowering periods, namely single-petal jasmine and hairy jasmine, and the bred variety can maintain the long-flowering characteristic of a female parent when used for cutting cultivation, and the breeding method is simple and has short breeding time.
The long-flowering-period liana jasmine flower is obtained by grafting and breeding single-petal jasmine and Mirabilis mollissima, and the specific breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a half lignified branch with buds of single jasmine as a cutting shoot, cultivating a single jasmine seedling by a cutting cultivation method, selecting the half lignified branch with buds of the sambac as a scion when the seedling grows to 18-25cm, and grafting to obtain a No. I jasmine seedling.
(2) Selecting a half lignified branch with buds of the jasminum sambac as a cutting shoot, cultivating a seedling of the jasminum sambac by a cutting cultivation method, selecting the half lignified branch with buds of the single-petal jasminum sambac as a scion when the seedling grows to 18-25cm, and grafting to obtain a jasmine II seedling.
(3) Transplanting the first and second jasmine seedlings at a plant spacing of 1.5-2m, and building a flower shelf between the first and second jasmine seedlings along one direction to allow the first and second jasmine seedlings to climb rock in the same direction.
(4) When two jasmine vines grow to 1.5-1.8m long respectively, a part without lateral branches is selected at 1-1.2m, a small piece of 1/4-2/5 with the length of 8-12cm and the thickness of the vine diameter is cut, the two cut off small pieces of vines are bound together in a crossing way by a medical bandage, and the wound is wound; after binding, spraying auxin and cytokinin on the wound to promote wound healing, and enabling the two vines to grow together;
when the jasmine flower vine grows to be 1.5-1.8m long away from the previous butt joint, a part without lateral branches is selected at a position 1-1.2m away from the butt joint, a small block of 1/4-2/5 with the length of 8-12cm and the thickness of the vine diameter is cut, two vines with the small blocks cut are crosswise bound together by a medical binding band, and the wound is wound; after binding, spraying auxin and cytokinin on the wound to promote wound healing, and enabling the two vines to grow together;
according to the analogy, butt joints are formed on the jasmine vines every 1-1.2m, after wounds heal, the binding bands are unfastened, a bag or a box is arranged at the position, the soil sterilized by potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% is filled, the jasmine vines are buried in the soil, the buried depth is 4-6cm, the thickness of the soil below is larger than 6cm, and the buried length is 8-15 cm.
(5) Providing sufficient nutrition and water for jasmine stems until the jasmine stems can obtain single-petal jasmine or hairy jasmine which can bloom all the year round, selecting semi-lignified branches for cuttage cultivation to provide sufficient nutrition and water for the jasmine, and selecting the jasmine which can bloom all the year round.
The step (5) provides sufficient nutrition and moisture, and ensures that the water content of the root soil of the jasmine is 28-36% by volume; the liquid fertilizer is applied to the jasmine stems in a small quantity and multiple times, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the liquid fertilizer is more than 40%, and the liquid fertilizer contains all medium and trace elements required by growth of the jasmine.
The temperature for breeding and planting the jasmine is controlled between 16 ℃ and 38 ℃, and the bred liana jasmine is suitable for landscape flower vines.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention breeds a vine jasmine flower with a flowering period of more than 11 months by grafting two flowers of single-petal jasmine and hairy jasmine in different flowering periods, and the bred variety can maintain the characteristic of long flowering period of a female parent when used for cutting cultivation.
The method comprises the steps of firstly, respectively cultivating single-petal jasmine and jasmine hairy seedlings, then carrying out mutual positive and negative grafting, then planting the two grafted seedlings together, adopting a inarching method to enable the characteristics of two different varieties of plants to be more completely fused, selecting branches with longer flowering periods for cuttage cultivation, and breeding more jasmine flowers with longer flowering periods.
Because the selected jasmine has longer flowering period, and needs to provide sufficient nutrition and moisture and temperature suitable for flowering, the invention limits the external conditions of jasmine selection and planting to maintain the flowering requirement of jasmine.
Detailed Description
In order that the present invention may be more readily and clearly understood, there will now be described in detail, with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The long-flowering-period liana jasmine flower is obtained by grafting and breeding single-petal jasmine and Mirabilis mollissima, and the specific breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a half lignified branch with buds of single jasmine as a cutting shoot, cultivating a single jasmine seedling by a cutting cultivation method, selecting the half lignified branch with buds of the hairy jasmine as a scion when the seedling grows to 18cm, and grafting to obtain a No. I jasmine seedling.
(2) Selecting a half lignified branch with buds of the jasminum sambac as a cutting shoot, cultivating a seedling of the jasminum sambac by a cutting cultivation method, selecting the half lignified branch with buds of the single-petal jasminum sambac as a scion when the seedling grows to 18cm, and grafting to obtain a jasmine II seedling.
(3) Transplanting the first and second jasmine seedlings at a plant spacing of 1.5m, and building a flower shelf between the first and second jasmine seedlings along one direction to allow the first and second jasmine seedlings to climb rocks in the same direction.
(4) Cutting off 1/4 small pieces with length of 8cm and thickness of the diameter of the two jasmine vines at 1-1.2m when the two jasmine vines respectively grow to 1.5-1.8m long, and binding the two cut small pieces together by medical bandage to form a wound; spraying 200 times of diluent of auxin and cytokinin on the wound after binding, promoting wound healing, and allowing the two vines to grow together;
when the jasmine flower vine grows to be 1.5-1.8m long away from the previous butt joint, a part without lateral branches is selected at a position 1-1.2m away from the butt joint, a small block of 1/4 with the length of 8cm and the thickness of the diameter of the vine at the position is cut off, two vines with the small blocks cut off are bound together in a crossing way by a medical bandage, and the wound is wound; after binding, spraying auxin and cytokinin on the wound to promote wound healing, and enabling the two vines to grow together;
according to the analogy, butt joints are formed on the jasmine vines every 1-1.2m, after wounds heal, the binding bands are unfastened, a bag or a box is arranged at the position, the soil sterilized by potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% is filled, the jasmine vines are buried in the soil, the buried depth is 4cm, the thickness of the soil below is larger than 6cm, and the buried length is 8 cm.
(5) Providing sufficient nutrition and water for jasmine stems until the jasmine stems can obtain single-petal jasmine or hairy jasmine which can bloom all the year round, selecting semi-lignified branches for cuttage cultivation to provide sufficient nutrition and water for the jasmine, and selecting the jasmine which can bloom all the year round.
The step (5) provides sufficient nutrition and moisture, and ensures that the water content of the root soil of the jasmine is 28-36% by volume; the liquid fertilizer is applied to the jasmine stems in a small quantity and multiple times, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the liquid fertilizer is more than 40%, and the liquid fertilizer contains all medium and trace elements required by growth of the jasmine.
The temperature for breeding and planting the jasmine is controlled between 16 ℃ and 38 ℃, and the bred liana jasmine is suitable for landscape flower vines.
Example 2
The long-flowering-period liana jasmine flower is obtained by grafting and breeding single-petal jasmine and Mirabilis mollissima, and the specific breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a half lignified branch with buds of single jasmine as a cutting shoot, cultivating a single jasmine seedling by a cutting cultivation method, selecting the half lignified branch with buds of the hairy jasmine as a scion when the seedling grows to 22cm, and grafting to obtain a No. I jasmine seedling.
(2) Selecting a half lignified branch with buds of the jasminum sambac as a cutting shoot, cultivating a seedling of the jasminum sambac by a cutting cultivation method, selecting the half lignified branch with buds of the single-petal jasminum sambac as a scion when the seedling grows to 22cm, and grafting to obtain a jasmine II seedling.
(3) Transplanting the first and second jasmine seedlings at a plant spacing of 1.8m, and building a flower shelf between the first and second jasmine seedlings along one direction to allow the first and second jasmine seedlings to climb rocks in the same direction.
(4) Cutting 1/4 small pieces with length of 10cm and thickness of the diameter of the two jasmine vines at 1-1.2m when the two jasmine vines grow to 1.5-1.8m long respectively, and binding the two cut small pieces together with medical bandage in a crossed manner to form a wound; after binding, spraying auxin and cytokinin on the wound to promote wound healing, and enabling the two vines to grow together;
when the jasmine flower vine grows to be 1.5-1.8m long away from the previous butt joint, a part without lateral branches is selected at a position 1-1.2m away from the butt joint, a small block of 1/4 with the length of 10cm and the thickness of the vine diameter at the position is cut off, two vines with the small blocks cut off are bound together in a crossed mode through a medical binding band, and the wound is wound; spraying 300 times of diluent of auxin and cytokinin on the wound after binding, promoting wound healing, and allowing the two vines to grow together;
according to the analogy, butt joints are formed on the jasmine vines every 1-1.2m, after wounds heal, the binding bands are unfastened, a bag or a box is arranged at the position, the soil sterilized by potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% is filled, the jasmine vines are buried in the soil, the buried depth is 5cm, the thickness of the soil below is larger than 6cm, and the buried length is 11 cm.
(5) Providing sufficient nutrition and water for jasmine stems until the jasmine stems can obtain single-petal jasmine or hairy jasmine which can bloom all the year round, selecting semi-lignified branches for cuttage cultivation to provide sufficient nutrition and water for the jasmine, and selecting the jasmine which can bloom all the year round.
The step (5) provides sufficient nutrition and moisture, and ensures that the water content of the root soil of the jasmine is 28-36% by volume; the liquid fertilizer is applied to the jasmine stems in a small quantity and multiple times, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the liquid fertilizer is more than 40%, and the liquid fertilizer contains all medium and trace elements required by growth of the jasmine.
The temperature for breeding and planting the jasmine is controlled between 16 ℃ and 38 ℃, and the bred liana jasmine is suitable for landscape flower vines.
Example 3
The long-flowering-period liana jasmine flower is obtained by grafting and breeding single-petal jasmine and Mirabilis mollissima, and the specific breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a half lignified branch with buds of single jasmine as a cutting shoot, cultivating a single jasmine seedling by a cutting cultivation method, selecting the half lignified branch with buds of the hairy jasmine as a scion when the seedling grows to 25cm, and grafting to obtain a No. I jasmine seedling.
(2) Selecting a half lignified branch with buds of the jasminum sambac as a cutting shoot, cultivating a seedling of the jasminum sambac by a cutting cultivation method, selecting the half lignified branch with buds of the single-petal jasminum sambac as a scion when the seedling grows to 25cm, and grafting to obtain a jasmine II seedling.
(3) Transplanting the jasmine I and II seedlings at a plant spacing of 2m, and building a flower stand between the jasmine I and II seedlings along one direction to allow the jasmine I and II seedlings to climb rocks in the same direction.
(4) Cutting 2/5 small pieces with length of 12cm and thickness of the diameter of the two jasmine vines at 1-1.2m when the two jasmine vines grow to 1.5-1.8m long respectively, and binding the two cut small pieces together with medical bandage in a crossed manner to form a wound; spraying 400-time diluent of auxin and cytokinin on the wound after binding, promoting wound healing, and allowing the two vines to grow together;
when the jasmine flower vine grows to be 1.5-1.8m long away from the previous butt joint, a part without lateral branches is selected at a position 1-1.2m away from the butt joint, a small block of 2/5 with the length of 12cm and the thickness of the vine diameter at the position is cut off, two vines with the small blocks cut off are bound together in a crossed mode through a medical binding band, and the wound is wound; after binding, spraying auxin and cytokinin on the wound to promote wound healing, and enabling the two vines to grow together;
according to the analogy, butt joints are formed on the jasmine vines every 1-1.2m, after wounds heal, the binding bands are unfastened, a bag or a box is arranged at the position, the soil sterilized by potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% is filled, the jasmine vines are buried in the soil, the buried depth is 6cm, the thickness of the soil below is larger than 6cm, and the buried length is 15 cm.
(5) Providing sufficient nutrition and water for jasmine stems until the jasmine stems can obtain single-petal jasmine or hairy jasmine which can bloom all the year round, selecting semi-lignified branches for cuttage cultivation to provide sufficient nutrition and water for the jasmine, and selecting the jasmine which can bloom all the year round.
The step (5) provides sufficient nutrition and moisture, and ensures that the water content of the root soil of the jasmine is 28-36% by volume; the liquid fertilizer is applied to the jasmine stems in a small quantity and multiple times, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the liquid fertilizer is more than 40%, and the liquid fertilizer contains all medium and trace elements required by growth of the jasmine.
The temperature for breeding and planting the jasmine is controlled between 16 ℃ and 38 ℃, and the bred liana jasmine is suitable for landscape flower vines.
Claims (3)
1. The long-flowering-period liana jasmine is characterized in that the jasmine is obtained by grafting and breeding liana single-petal jasmine and liana mao jasmine, and the specific breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a semi-lignified branch with buds of the liana single-petal jasmine as a cutting shoot, cultivating a seedling of the liana single-petal jasmine through a cutting cultivation method, selecting the semi-lignified branch with buds of the liana single-petal jasmine as a scion when the seedling grows to 18-25cm long, and grafting to obtain a No. I jasmine seedling;
(2) selecting semi-lignified branches with buds of the vine jasmine as cutting slips, cultivating seedlings of the vine jasmine through a cutting cultivation method, selecting semi-lignified branches with buds of the vine single-petal jasmine as scions when the seedlings grow to 18-25cm long, and grafting to obtain a jasmine II seedling;
(3) transplanting the jasmine I and II seedlings at a plant spacing of 1.5-2m, and building a flower stand between the jasmine I and II seedlings along one direction to allow the jasmine I and II seedlings to climb rocks in the same direction;
(4) when two jasmine vines grow to be 1.5-1.8m long, a part without lateral branches is selected at 1-1.2m, a small piece of 1/4-2/5 with the length of 8-12cm and the thickness of the vine diameter is cut, the two cut off small pieces of vines are bound together in a crossing way by a medical bandage, and the wound is wound; after binding, spraying auxin and cytokinin on the wound to promote wound healing, and enabling the two vines to grow together; when the jasmine flower vine grows to be 1.5-1.8m long away from the previous butt joint, a part without lateral branches is selected at a position 1-1.2m away from the butt joint, a small block of 1/4-2/5 with the length of 8-12cm and the thickness of the vine diameter is cut, two vines with the small blocks cut are crosswise bound together by a medical binding band, and the wound is wound; after binding, spraying auxin and cytokinin on the wound to promote wound healing, and enabling the two vines to grow together; according to the analogy, making butt joints on the jasmine vines every 1-1.2m, unfastening the binding bands after the wounds are healed, arranging a bag or a box at the position, loading the soil sterilized by potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3%, burying the jasmine vines into the soil, wherein the burying depth is 4-6cm, the thickness of the soil below is more than 6cm, and the burying length is 8-15 cm;
(5) providing sufficient nutrition and water for jasmine stems until the jasmine stems can bloom in a single petal or hairy jasmine all the year round, selecting semi-lignified branches for cuttage cultivation to provide sufficient nutrition and water for the jasmine, and selecting the jasmine capable of blooming in all the year round.
2. The long flowering vine jasmine as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (5) provides sufficient nutrition and moisture to ensure that the moisture content of the root soil of jasmine is 28-36% by volume; the liquid fertilizer is applied to the jasmine stems in a small quantity and multiple times mode, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the liquid fertilizer is more than 40%, and the liquid fertilizer contains all medium and trace elements required by growth of the jasmine.
3. The liana jasmine with a long flowering phase as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature for breeding and planting the jasmine is controlled between 16-38 ℃, and the bred liana jasmine is suitable for landscape vines.
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