Ripe cultural method during a kind of potted plant large cherry Spring Festival
Technical field
The present invention relates to ripe cultural method during a kind of potted plant large cherry Spring Festival, belong to potted plant technical field.
Background technology
Large cherry is north of China deciduous fruit tree relaying cherry (cherry is called little Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi) fruit maturation fruit tree species the earliest afterwards.Therefore, early there is the good reputation of " spring fruit first ".Large cherry fruit contains more rich nutrient substance, and color is gorgeous tempting.Potted cherries is microminiaturized cherry orchard, and it can watch spends full end of the branch, fruitful beautiful scenery, can taste again good fruit after viewing and admiring.At present, potted plant large cherry technology ripe during there is no the Spring Festival, if potted plant large cherry steps into the balcony of huge numbers of families, garden, ripe during the Spring Festival, the celebrating color in red-letter day will be increased for people, also the large cherry that color delicate flavour is beautiful is plucked in affable hand getting simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide ripe cultural method during a kind of potted plant large cherry Spring Festival, it is adaptable to northern area so that it is ripe during wrong season to New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, compact tree crown so that it is more sight, increase the celebrating color in red-letter day for people;Do not adopt any hormones product to promote setting, by putting Apis and artificial supplementary pollination setting, for green fruit, also can taste fresh large cherry while viewing and admiring, solve background technology Problems existing.
The technical scheme is that ripe cultural method during a kind of potted plant large cherry Spring Festival, comprise the steps of:
First Year spring, 20--30 day in March, large cherry finished product Seedling is filled pot planting, nutrition bowl embedment underground, it is simple to rich water quality management;Pruning in summer, May-July, and when young sprout grows to more than 20 centimeters, stay the 5 centimeters of pinching repeatedly of young sprout base portion, inspire branch, the raw branch angle of release in side, cultivate compact tree-like;(such as: be trained tiltedly dry compact tree-like)
Second Year spring, before rudiment, all branches heavily cut pruning, inspire branch;In Growing season 5-8 month, branch pulling and angle opening makees type;Autumn, October 28, dug from the ground nutritive cube, changes the big plastic tub of relatively nutritive cube and adds Nutrition Soil, and Nutrition Soil is turfy soil to be mixed, by weight 9:1, fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed with cattle manure and form, and waters permeable, enters greenhouse;When nocturnal temperature is down to 0 degree, detain the canopy opacus dormancy of lid straw screen or mat;Take off canopy mid-December to heat up, at temperature indoor growing, slowly heat up, heat up first week daytime 12-15 degree Celsius, night temperature 3-5 degree Celsius, later canopy temperature rise 2 degrees Celsius weekly, after surrounding, daytime rises to 18-21 degree Celsius, temperature rise at night is to 9-11 degree Celsius, and from the 5th week, day temperature raised weekly 1 degree Celsius, night, temperature still maintained 9-11 degree Celsius, until when day temperature reaches 23-26 degree Celsius, maintenance temperature in daytime is not further added by, and night, temperature still kept 9-11 degree Celsius;
In March, the 3rd, prosperous tip light panching, only remove young sprout tip-growth point, 150 times of short flowers of paclobutrazol control hat of spray in April 1, a Zhou Houwei stops extending shoot, fills spray once;4-6 month controllable greenhouse temperature, widens day and night temperature, makes day temperature be maintained at 24-28 degree Celsius, evening less than 12 degrees Celsius, promoting bud differentiation, the first tenday period of a month in May are gradually increased ventilation seedling exercising, remove canopy film the middle ten days, enter July, sunshade net on greenhouse, spray cooling, make daytime temperature not higher than 32 degrees Celsius;July 28, potted plant removal greenhouse, put the sombre of outdoor shade and locate pre-cooling one day, water permeable in basin, the carbamide that 300 times of carbendazim of foliage-spray volume ratio add 10%;July 29 potted plant enter freezer, within first day, storehouse temperature is first transferred to 20-24 degree Celsius, then drops 2 degrees Celsius every day, until storehouse temperature drop is to 2-6 degree Celsius, maintains JIUYUE 30, and in storehouse, spraying every day is mended wet, and 300 times of carbendazim are sprayed in one week in interval;From October 1, storehouse temperature increases one degree Celsius every day, until October 18, when temperature reaches 20-24 degree Celsius, potted plant whole outbounds, 2 days, shady and cool place after first putting canopy after outbound, move into again in greenhouse, canopy is beaten sunshade net in advance, but does not go up plastic greenhouse film, spray cooling when temperature is higher than 25 degrees Celsius after outbound, makes temperature maintain less than 24 degrees Celsius;October 28 removed sunshade net, upper greenhouse, and day temperature controls at 18-22 degree Celsius, and night, temperature was not higher than 12 degrees Celsius, and before blooming, day temperature is down to 18-20 degree Celsius, night temperature 8-10 degree Celsius, sees and puts honeybee pollination when the flowers are in blossom, artificial supplementary pollination simultaneously;
Rich water quality management notes the many number of times of low concentration: before potted plant outbound rudiment, fill spread for one time 0.5% can rich (N-P-K is 17-17-17) aqueous solution, basin soil irrigates as degree, clear water of interval filling in a week;Fill Angel biological organic fertilizer (pressed powder) 20g/ basin (high organic height potassium type drip irrigation special fertilizer) when basin soil is shown in dry again, water after filling;Later basin soil is shown in dry watering, after often watering twice water, fill once spread can rich water solution or Angel biological organic fertilizer, concentration is identical with last time, spread can rich water solution and Angel biological organic fertilizer cross-reference, each filling three times;Filling once permeable before spending, add the every basin 2ml of multidimensional cereal trace-element fertilizer (liquid), the florescence sees dry rewatering, and not dry basin does not water, and Xie Huahou fills to fruit colouring and executes three seaweed bio fertilizers (liquid), every basin 5ml every time;Twice Su Gu meter potassium (potassium nitrate) 0.5% is executed in interspersed filling, notes preventing fertilizer damage from burning root and basin soil arid;The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, humiture control and other management are close with the management of normal greenhouse Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi: after Hua Qianhua each insecticidal bactericide of spray anti-eliminate aphis, tetranychid and gray mold, sprayed again once every two weeks;Greenhouse florescence day temperature 18-20 degree Celsius, night 8-10 degree Celsius;Young fruit period temperature increases gradually, daytime 20-22 degree Celsius, night 9-11 degree Celsius;Daytime 22-25 degree Celsius in painted phase to period of maturation, night 9-11 degree Celsius;Thank and note after spending extracing the residual calyx of residual flower and patch fruit blade in time, it is prevented that gray mold decayed fruit;Remove malformed fruit, fruitlet, sick fruit, overstocked fruit between dredging, make every basin stay fruit about 40;
4th year, start January to during the Spring Festival, potted plant fruit maturation, enter viewing period, list marketing.
By customer demand, plastic tub can be changed into view and admire basin in fruit phase of painting, the bright fruit of pruning priming leaf, with clean water blade and fruit, then list marketing.
After the potted plant fruit harvesting of the present invention, temperature maintains 20-24 degree Celsius, prunes, pinching, continues to promote growth, then controlled cultivation by aforementioned 3rd year.
The present invention is applicable to Northern Part of China (North of Huai River), and large cherry kind includes: Rabin Si of Gisela stock, sunshine, Brooks, ruby, U.S. morning, red light, early big fruit, thunder Buddhist nun etc.;
Innovative point: utilize freezer artificial regulatory large cherry rest period so that it is ripe during wrong season to New Year's Day to the Spring Festival;Utilize Gisela dwarfing rootstock to add potted plant limit root and control compact tree crown so that it is more sight;Utilize greenhouse mistake season adjusting and controlling growth large cherry growth rhythm so that it is by the design time grow, bloom, result, maturation, Time To Market is adjustable;Not adopting any defoliant Temperature fall to fall leaves, do not adopt any hormones product to promote setting, complete spontaneous pollination, fruit quality is excellent.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: suitable in northern area so that it is ripe during wrong season to New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, compact tree crown so that it is more sight, the celebrating color in red-letter day is increased for people;Do not adopt any hormones product to promote setting, by putting honeybee and artificial supplementary pollination setting, for green fruit, while viewing and admiring, also can taste fresh large cherry.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described by the examples below.
Ripe cultural method during a kind of potted plant large cherry Spring Festival, comprises the steps of:
First Year spring, 20--30 day in March, large cherry finished product Seedling is filled pot planting, nutrition bowl embedment underground, it is simple to rich water quality management;Pruning in summer, May-July, and when young sprout grows to more than 20 centimeters, stay the 5 centimeters of pinching repeatedly of young sprout base portion, inspire branch, the raw branch angle of release in side, cultivate compact tree-like;(such as: form tiltedly dry compact tree-like)
Second Year spring, before rudiment, all branches heavily cut pruning, inspire branch;In Growing season 5-8 month, branch pulling and angle opening makees type;Autumn, October 28, dug from the ground nutritive cube, changes bigger plastic tub and adds Nutrition Soil (turfy soil and cattle manure mix fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed by 9:1), entering greenhouse;When nocturnal temperature is down to 0 degree, detain the canopy opacus dormancy of lid straw screen or mat;Take off canopy mid-December to heat up, at temperature indoor growing, slowly heat up, heat up first week daytime 12-15 degree Celsius, night temperature 3-5 degree Celsius, later canopy temperature rise 2 degrees Celsius weekly, after surrounding, daytime rises to 18-21 degree Celsius, temperature rise at night is to 9-11 degree Celsius, and from the 5th week, day temperature raised weekly 1 degree Celsius, night, temperature still maintained 9-11 degree Celsius, until when day temperature reaches 23-26 degree Celsius, maintenance temperature in daytime is not further added by, and night, temperature still kept 9-11 degree Celsius;
In March, the 3rd, prosperous tip light panching, only remove young sprout tip-growth point, 150 times of short flowers of paclobutrazol control hat of spray in April 1, a Zhou Houwei stops extending shoot, fills spray once;4-6 month controllable greenhouse temperature, widens day and night temperature, makes day temperature be maintained at 24-28 degree Celsius, evening less than 12 degrees Celsius, promoting bud differentiation, the first tenday period of a month in May are gradually increased ventilation seedling exercising, remove canopy film the middle ten days, enter July, sunshade net on greenhouse, spray cooling, make daytime temperature not higher than 32 degrees Celsius;July 28, potted plant removal greenhouse, put the cool place place pre-cooling one day of outdoor tree shade, water permeable in basin, the carbamide that 300 times of carbendazim of foliage-spray add 10%;July 29 potted plant enter freezer, within first day, storehouse temperature is first transferred to 20-24 degree Celsius, then drops 2 degrees Celsius every day, until storehouse temperature drop is to 2-6 degree Celsius, maintains JIUYUE 30, and in storehouse, spraying every day is mended wet, and 300 times of carbendazim are sprayed in one week in interval;From October 1, storehouse temperature increases one degree Celsius every day, until October 18, when temperature reaches 20-24 degree Celsius, potted plant whole outbounds, 2 days, shady and cool place after first putting canopy after outbound, move into again in greenhouse, canopy is beaten sunshade net in advance, but does not go up plastic greenhouse film, spray cooling when temperature is higher than 25 degrees Celsius after outbound, makes temperature maintain less than 24 degrees Celsius;October 28 removed sunshade net, upper greenhouse, and day temperature controls at 18-22 degree Celsius, and night, temperature was not higher than 12 degrees Celsius, and before blooming, day temperature is down to 18-20 degree Celsius, night temperature 8-10 degree Celsius, sees and puts honeybee pollination when the flowers are in blossom, artificial supplementary pollination simultaneously;
Rich water quality management notes the many number of times of low concentration: before potted plant outbound rudiment, fill spread for one time 0.5% can rich (N-P-K is 17-17-17) aqueous solution, basin soil irrigates as degree, clear water of interval filling in a week;Fill Angel biological organic fertilizer (pressed powder) 20g/ basin (high organic height potassium type drip irrigation special fertilizer) when basin soil is shown in dry again, water after filling;Later basin soil is shown in dry watering, after often watering twice water, fill once spread can rich water solution or Angel biological organic fertilizer (concentration is identical with first time), spreading can rich water solution and Angel biological organic fertilizer cross-reference, respectively filling three time;Filling once permeable before spending, add the every basin 2ml of multidimensional cereal trace-element fertilizer (liquid), the florescence sees dry rewatering, and not dry basin does not water, and Xie Huahou fills to fruit colouring and executes three seaweed bio fertilizers (liquid), every basin 5ml every time;Twice Su Gu meter potassium (potassium nitrate) 0.5% is executed in interspersed filling, notes preventing fertilizer damage from burning root and basin soil arid;The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, humiture control and other management are close with the management of normal greenhouse Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi: after Hua Qianhua each insecticidal bactericide of spray anti-eliminate aphis, tetranychid and gray mold, sprayed again once every two weeks;Greenhouse florescence day temperature 18-20 degree Celsius, night 8-10 degree Celsius;Young fruit period temperature increases gradually, daytime 20-22 degree Celsius, night 9-11 degree Celsius;Daytime 22-25 degree Celsius in painted phase to period of maturation, night 9-11 degree Celsius;Thank and note after spending extracing the residual calyx of residual flower and patch fruit blade in time, it is prevented that gray mold decayed fruit;Remove malformed fruit, fruitlet, sick fruit, overstocked fruit between dredging, make every basin stay fruit about 40;
4th year, start January to during the Spring Festival, potted plant fruit maturation, enter viewing period, list marketing.
By customer demand, plastic tub can be changed into view and admire basin in fruit phase of painting, the bright fruit of pruning priming leaf, with clean water blade and fruit, then list marketing.
After the potted plant fruit harvesting of the present invention, temperature maintains 20-24 degree Celsius, prunes, pinching, continues to promote growth, then controlled cultivation by aforementioned 3rd year.
The present invention is applicable to Northern Part of China (North of Huai River), and large cherry kind includes: Rabin Si of Gisela stock, sunshine, Brooks, ruby, U.S. morning, red light, early big fruit, thunder Buddhist nun etc.;
After the potted plant fruit harvesting of the present invention, temperature maintains 20-24 degree Celsius, prunes, pinching, continues to promote growth, then controlled cultivation by aforementioned 3rd year.
The present invention is applicable to Northern Part of China (North of Huai River), and large cherry kind includes: Rabin Si of Gisela stock, sunshine, Brooks, ruby, U.S. morning, red light, early big fruit, thunder Buddhist nun etc.;
The embodiment of the present invention:
January 18, large cherry red light kind was ripe, and fruit aubergine;Large cherry ruby kind: pink to red;Large cherry Brooks kind: upper blush, dehiscent fruit is serious;Large cherry Rabin's Si kind: upper faint yellow;
February 4, aubergine in large cherry ruby kind is ripe;Large cherry U.S. early kind aubergine, large cherry Rabin's Si kind red coloration, enters viewing period;
February 19, large cherry Rabin Si, beautiful early kind fruit atropurpureus, not shedding is mushy fruit not, and appreciation effect is fine.
The present invention utilizes freezer artificial regulatory large cherry rest period so that it is ripe during wrong season to New Year's Day to the Spring Festival;Utilize Gisela dwarfing rootstock to add potted plant limit root and control compact tree crown so that it is more sight;Utilize greenhouse mistake season adjusting and controlling growth large cherry growth rhythm so that it is by the design time grow, bloom, result, maturation, Time To Market is adjustable;Not adopting any defoliant Temperature fall to fall leaves, do not adopt any hormones product to promote setting, complete spontaneous pollination, fruit quality is excellent.