CN112425439A - Two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits - Google Patents

Two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112425439A
CN112425439A CN202011492236.3A CN202011492236A CN112425439A CN 112425439 A CN112425439 A CN 112425439A CN 202011492236 A CN202011492236 A CN 202011492236A CN 112425439 A CN112425439 A CN 112425439A
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branches
kiwi
pruning
fruits
fruit
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高绍彬
万剑平
黄云海
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Maanshan Five Cereals And Poultry Specialized Cooperatives
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Maanshan Five Cereals And Poultry Specialized Cooperatives
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits, which comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting excellent seedlings for planting; (2) selecting young shoots and erasing lateral buds after the seedlings sprout, and arranging wood rods for traction; (3) pruning in summer from the beginning of the fourth month; (4) pruning the plants in winter according to two-six after the plants begin to fall leaves; (5) plant protection is respectively carried out in winter and summer to prevent frostbite and burn; (6) after blooming, respectively carrying out lateral flowering and fruit thinning and bagging; (7) and harvesting after the fruits are ripe. The invention develops a unique shaping and summer and winter pruning method in the kiwi fruit planting process, reduces the labor intensity of daily pruning management, reduces the cost of manpower and material resources, is beneficial to the development of the scientific and industrial kiwi fruit planting, improves the industrial scale of kiwi fruit, and also meets the requirement of the market on high-quality kiwi fruit.

Description

Two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of kiwi fruit planting, and particularly relates to a two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits.
Background
The kiwi fruit is also called as wild peach or kiwi fruit, and the kiwi fruit is oval, brownish black and fragrant and sour when cooked. The kiwi fruit contains various vitamins, fat, protein, amino acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, pectin and the like, and has the effects of promoting the production of body fluid, relieving fever, regulating middle warmer and descending qi, quenching thirst, promoting urination, nourishing and strengthening the body. Because the kiwi fruit has rich nutritive value and plays an important role in keeping health and preventing and treating diseases, the market demand of the kiwi fruit is very large, and meanwhile, because the kiwi fruit is a 'delicate and charming' plant and is limited by factors such as planting areas, insect pests, water and fertilizer and the like, the output of the kiwi fruit is seriously influenced, and the urgent demand of people on the kiwi fruit cannot be met.
The kiwi fruit belongs to the vine plant, a frame material needs to be put into the kiwi fruit, meanwhile, the environment adaptability is poor, the management difficulty is high, particularly, in the shaping and trimming process, excessive lateral branches need to be removed in the traditional trimming method, the workload is heavy, meanwhile, the fruit mother branches cannot be well and uniformly distributed on the frame surface, the orchard tree shape appearance is irregular, the subsequent field management such as trimming and fruit picking is not facilitated, meanwhile, most of the kiwi fruits belong to trees with medium photophobia, are fond of a semi-shaded environment, are sensitive to strong light irradiation, are forbidden to direct strong light irradiation, have poor cold resistance of the tender branches extracted when the temperature is too low in winter, are prone to causing frostbite, and seriously affect the growth and development of the trees, so that the development of the labor-saving and labor-saving kiwi fruit trimming and planting method is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art and provides a two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting strong root, disease and insect pest free seedlings with 4-5 plump buds for planting, digging planting holes before planting, applying organic fertilizer into the planting holes, mixing with surface soil, backfilling with the seedlings, and watering sufficient root fixing water;
(2) keeping 2-3 healthy buds after the seedlings sprout, erasing other buds and sprouts, erasing lateral buds after selecting new shoots, and arranging a wood rod at a position 8-12cm beside the new shoots to pull the new shoots to grow upwards;
(3) pruning in summer from the beginning of the fourth month, erasing the crossed, over-dense and overlapped sprouts on the main stem, the main vine and the lateral vines, and pinching the fruit branches before blooming;
(4) pruning in winter according to two-six after the kiwi plant begins to fall leaves, reserving one main vine on each of the left side and the right side of a main trunk of the kiwi plant, reserving sixteen fruiting mother branches on each main vine, and simultaneously thinning and removing cross branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches;
(5) when the temperature of the plantation is reduced to zero in winter, sprinkling irrigation is carried out on tender branches of kiwi fruit plants in the whole orchard, frost damage is prevented, meanwhile, smoke is continuously smoked at an upper air inlet of the orchard in the evening till the next day, frost and cold air are prevented, and a sunshade net is covered to prevent sunburn damage when sunlight is strong in summer;
(6) thinning lateral flowers and over dense flowers of kiwi fruit plants after blooming, thinning lateral fruits and over dense fruits 2-3 weeks after pollination, bagging fruits after sterilizing 3-4 weeks after blooming, and removing bags before harvesting;
(7) the kiwi fruits can be harvested after being withered for 140 days at 130 ℃.
Furthermore, in the step 1, the diameter of the planting holes is 0.8-1 meter, the depth of the planting holes is 0.5-0.7 meter, the plant spacing between the planting holes is 3-4 meters, and the row spacing is 3-4 meters.
Further, in the step 2, a robust young shoot is selected and reserved after the young shoot exceeds 15cm, all the others are erased, and meanwhile, 2-3 newly-grown lateral branches are selected and reserved on the upper portion of the young shoot to serve as permanent main vines for cultivating fruiting mother branches in the next year.
Further, during pinching in the step 3, the fruit branches are controlled to be kept for 6-8 leaf pinching, the bare branches are kept for 10-14 leaf pinching, the secondary branches are kept for 2-4 leaf pinching, and meanwhile, the number of the effective leaves kept by a single plant is not less than 1000.
Furthermore, removing the vegetative branches on the outmost layer of the plant while pinching in the step 3, pinching the internal vegetative branches before winding, pinching the bare-grown branches at a position of 1.2-1.5 meters, and continuously keeping 2-4 leaves for pinching the secondary branches and the third branches which are taken out.
Furthermore, 9-12 buds are cut from each fruiting mother branch in the step 4, and 12000-15000 buds are reserved in each mu of garden.
Further, in the step 4, when the base of the branch has a latent bud during pruning, the branch is cut short at the base, a full new shoot is selected as a fruiting mother branch in the next year, and if the number of the fruiting mother branches is small, 6-8 post-bud cuts are reserved as a preparation branch and cultured into the fruiting mother branch.
Further, 1-2 fruits are reserved on the short fruit branches, 2-4 fruits are reserved on the medium fruit branches, 5-7 fruits are reserved on the long fruit branches in the fruit thinning process in the step 6, and the total fruit thinning amount is 30-40% of the total fruit amount.
The invention has the advantages that:
the kiwi fruit planting method is scientifically planned, strong seedlings are cultivated through reasonable planting and traction in the seedling germination period, summer is used for shaping and trimming more conveniently, a large amount of redundant branches and tendrils are removed, the trimming workload in winter is reduced, tree form integral trimming is carried out in winter, a left main branch, a right main branch and sixteen fruiting mother branches are reserved through a two-in-six trimming mode, one-level branches and tendrils are omitted compared with conventional trimming, the labor capacity is reduced, the fruiting mother branches can be uniformly distributed on the surface of a rack, the whole tree form is more visual, the trimming and harvesting work is facilitated, meanwhile, latent buds are cut off on the selection of the fruiting mother branches, the outward movement of the later-stage fruiting parts of kiwi fruit plants and the occurrence of the phenomenon of big and small years can be avoided, and specific measures should be provided for the influence of adverse weather in summer and winter respectively, finally flowers and fruits are thinned, the single fruit is larger and more dense, and the yield and the quality of the whole fruit are improved.
The invention develops a unique shaping and summer and winter pruning method in the kiwi fruit planting process, reduces the labor intensity of daily pruning management, reduces the cost of manpower and material resources, is beneficial to the development of the scientific and industrial kiwi fruit planting, improves the industrial scale of kiwi fruit, and also meets the requirement of the market on high-quality kiwi fruit.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the specific examples as follows:
example 1
A two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting seedlings with strong root hairs, no diseases and insect pests and 4-5 full buds for planting, digging planting holes with the diameter of 0.9 meter and the depth of 0.6 meter before planting, wherein the plant spacing between the planting holes is 3.5 meters, the row spacing is 3.5 meters, applying organic fertilizer, backfilling with the seedlings after uniformly mixing with surface soil, and watering for fixing roots;
(2) reserving 2 healthy and strong buds after the seedlings sprout, erasing other buds and sprouts, erasing lateral buds after selecting a new tip, arranging a wood rod at a position 10cm beside the new tip to pull the new tip to grow upwards, selecting and reserving a robust new tip after the new tip exceeds 15cm, completely erasing the others, and selecting and reserving 2 new lateral branches on the upper part of the new tip as permanent main tendrils for cultivating fruiting mother branches of the next year;
(3) carrying out summer pruning until the beginning of the four months, erasing the crossed, over-dense and overlapped sprouts on the main trunk, the main vine and the lateral vines, pinching the fruit branches before flowering, controlling the fruit branches to keep 7 leaf pinching during pinching, keeping 12 leaf pinching for the spindly branches, keeping 3 leaf pinching for the secondary branches, simultaneously enabling the number of effective leaves kept by a single plant to be not less than 1000, removing the nutrition branches on the outermost layer of the plant while pinching, pinching the internal nutrition branches before winding, pinching the spindly branches at 1.3 meters, and continuously keeping 3 leaf pinching for the secondary branches and the tertiary branches which are taken;
(4) pruning the kiwi fruit plants in winter according to two-six after the leaves of the kiwi fruit plants begin to fall, respectively reserving a main vine at the left side and the right side of the main trunk of each kiwi fruit plant, reserving sixteen fruiting mother branches on each main vine, reserving 9-12 buds on each fruiting mother branch, reserving 12000-15000 buds in each mu of garden, simultaneously thinning and removing cross branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches, if the base parts of the branches have latent buds during pruning, truncating the branches at the positions, selecting a full new tip as a fruiting mother branch in the next year, reserving 6-8 bud-later truncates as a preparation branch if the number of the fruiting mother branches is less, and culturing the bud-later-pruning mother branches into fruiting mother branches;
(5) when the temperature of the plantation is reduced to zero in winter, sprinkling irrigation is carried out on tender branches of kiwi fruit plants in the whole orchard, frost damage is prevented, meanwhile, smoke is continuously smoked at an upper air inlet of the orchard in the evening till the next day, frost and cold air are prevented, and a sunshade net is covered to prevent sunburn damage when sunlight is strong in summer;
(6) thinning lateral flowers and excessive dense flowers of kiwi fruit plants after blooming, thinning lateral fruits and excessive dense fruits 2 weeks after pollination, reserving 1 fruit in a short fruit branch, reserving 2-3 fruits in a middle fruit branch, reserving 5-6 fruits in a long fruit branch when thinning fruits, wherein the total thinning fruit amount is 35% of the total fruit amount, and bagging the fruits after sterilizing 3 weeks after blooming until bag removal before harvesting;
(7) the kiwi fruit can be harvested 135 days after the blossom withering.
Example 2
A two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting seedlings with strong root hairs, no diseases and insect pests and 4-5 full buds for planting, digging planting holes with the diameter of 0.8 meter and the depth of 0.5 meter before planting, wherein the plant spacing between the planting holes is 3 meters, the row spacing is 4 meters, applying organic fertilizer, backfilling with the seedlings after uniformly mixing with surface soil, and watering sufficient root fixing water;
(2) reserving 2 healthy and strong buds after the seedlings sprout, erasing other buds and sprouts, erasing lateral buds after selecting a new tip, arranging a wood rod at a position 8cm beside the new tip to pull the new tip to grow upwards, selecting and reserving a robust new tip after the new tip exceeds 15cm, completely erasing the others, and selecting and reserving 2 new lateral branches on the upper part of the new tip as permanent main tendrils for cultivating fruiting mother branches of the next year;
(3) carrying out summer pruning until the beginning of the four months, erasing the crossed, over-dense and overlapped sprouts on the main trunk, the main vine and the lateral vines, pinching the fruit branches before flowering, controlling the fruit branches to keep 6 leaf pinching during pinching, keeping 10 leaf pinching for the spindly branches, keeping 2 leaf pinching for the secondary branches, simultaneously enabling the number of effective leaves kept by a single plant to be not less than 1000, removing the nutrition branches on the outermost layer of the plant while pinching, pinching the internal nutrition branches before winding, pinching the spindly branches at 1.2 meters, and continuously keeping 2 leaf pinching for the secondary branches and the tertiary branches which are taken;
(4) pruning the kiwi fruit plants in winter according to two-six after the leaves of the kiwi fruit plants begin to fall, respectively reserving a main vine at the left side and the right side of the main trunk of each kiwi fruit plant, reserving sixteen fruiting mother branches on each main vine, reserving 9-12 buds on each fruiting mother branch, reserving 12000-15000 buds in each mu of garden, simultaneously thinning and removing cross branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches, if the base parts of the branches have latent buds during pruning, truncating the branches at the positions, selecting a full new tip as a fruiting mother branch in the next year, reserving 6-8 bud-later truncates as a preparation branch if the number of the fruiting mother branches is less, and culturing the bud-later-pruning mother branches into fruiting mother branches;
(5) when the temperature of the plantation is reduced to zero in winter, sprinkling irrigation is carried out on tender branches of kiwi fruit plants in the whole orchard, frost damage is prevented, meanwhile, smoke is continuously smoked at an upper air inlet of the orchard in the evening till the next day, frost and cold air are prevented, and a sunshade net is covered to prevent sunburn damage when sunlight is strong in summer;
(6) thinning lateral flowers and excessive dense flowers of kiwi fruit plants after blooming, thinning lateral fruits and excessive dense fruits 2 weeks after pollination, reserving 1 fruit in a short fruit branch, reserving 2-3 fruits in a middle fruit branch, reserving 5-6 fruits in a long fruit branch when thinning fruits, wherein the total thinning fruit amount is 40% of the total fruit amount, and bagging the fruits after sterilizing 3 weeks after blooming until bag removal before harvesting;
(7) the kiwi fruit can be harvested 130 days after the flowers are withered.
Example 3
A two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting seedlings with strong root hairs, no diseases and insect pests and 4-5 full buds for planting, digging planting holes with the diameter of 1 meter and the depth of 0.7 meter before planting, wherein the plant spacing between the planting holes is 4 meters, the row spacing is 3 meters, applying organic fertilizer, backfilling with the seedlings after uniformly mixing with surface soil, and watering sufficient root fixing water;
(2) reserving 3 healthy and strong buds after the seedlings sprout, erasing other buds and sprouts, erasing lateral buds after selecting a new tip, arranging a wood rod at a position 12cm beside the new tip to pull the new tip to grow upwards, selecting and reserving a robust new tip after the new tip exceeds 15cm, completely erasing the others, and selecting and reserving 3 new lateral branches at the upper part of the new tip as permanent main tendrils for cultivating fruiting mother branches in the next year;
(3) carrying out summer pruning until the beginning of the four months, erasing the crossed, over-dense and overlapped sprouts on the main trunk, the main vine and the lateral vines, pinching the fruit branches before flowering, controlling the fruit branches to keep 8 leaf pinching during pinching, keeping 14 leaf pinching for the spindly branches, keeping 4 leaf pinching for the secondary branches, simultaneously enabling the number of effective leaves kept by a single plant to be not less than 1000, removing the nutrition branches on the outermost layer of the plant while pinching, pinching the internal nutrition branches before winding, pinching the spindly branches at 1.5 meters, and continuously keeping 4 leaf pinching for the secondary branches and the tertiary branches which are taken;
(4) pruning the kiwi fruit plants in winter according to two-six after the leaves of the kiwi fruit plants begin to fall, respectively reserving a main vine at the left side and the right side of the main trunk of each kiwi fruit plant, reserving sixteen fruiting mother branches on each main vine, reserving 9-12 buds on each fruiting mother branch, reserving 12000-15000 buds in each mu of garden, simultaneously thinning and removing cross branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches, if the base parts of the branches have latent buds during pruning, truncating the branches at the positions, selecting a full new tip as a fruiting mother branch in the next year, reserving 6-8 bud-later truncates as a preparation branch if the number of the fruiting mother branches is less, and culturing the bud-later-pruning mother branches into fruiting mother branches;
(5) when the temperature of the plantation is reduced to zero in winter, sprinkling irrigation is carried out on tender branches of kiwi fruit plants in the whole orchard, frost damage is prevented, meanwhile, smoke is continuously smoked at an upper air inlet of the orchard in the evening till the next day, frost and cold air are prevented, and a sunshade net is covered to prevent sunburn damage when sunlight is strong in summer;
(6) thinning lateral flowers and excessive dense flowers of kiwi fruit plants after blooming, thinning lateral fruits and excessive dense fruits 3 weeks after pollination, reserving 2 fruits on short fruit branches, reserving 3-4 fruits on middle fruit branches, reserving 6-7 fruits on long fruit branches, wherein the total thinning amount is 30% of the total fruit amount, and bagging the fruits after 4 weeks after blooming until the fruits are bagged before harvesting;
(7) the kiwi fruits can be harvested 140 days after the flowers are withered.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting strong root, disease and insect pest free seedlings with 4-5 plump buds for planting, digging planting holes before planting, applying organic fertilizer into the planting holes, mixing with surface soil, backfilling with the seedlings, and watering sufficient root fixing water;
(2) keeping 2-3 healthy buds after the seedlings sprout, erasing other buds and sprouts, erasing lateral buds after selecting new shoots, and arranging a wood rod at a position 8-12cm beside the new shoots to pull the new shoots to grow upwards;
(3) pruning in summer from the beginning of the fourth month, erasing the crossed, over-dense and overlapped sprouts on the main stem, the main vine and the lateral vines, and pinching the fruit branches before blooming;
(4) pruning in winter according to two-six after the kiwi plant begins to fall leaves, reserving one main vine on each of the left side and the right side of a main trunk of the kiwi plant, reserving sixteen fruiting mother branches on each main vine, and simultaneously thinning and removing cross branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches;
(5) when the temperature of the plantation is reduced to zero in winter, sprinkling irrigation is carried out on tender branches of kiwi fruit plants in the whole orchard, frost damage is prevented, meanwhile, smoke is continuously smoked at an upper air inlet of the orchard in the evening till the next day, frost and cold air are prevented, and a sunshade net is covered to prevent sunburn damage when sunlight is strong in summer;
(6) thinning lateral flowers and over dense flowers of kiwi fruit plants after blooming, thinning lateral fruits and over dense fruits 2-3 weeks after pollination, bagging fruits after sterilizing 3-4 weeks after blooming, and removing bags before harvesting;
(7) the kiwi fruits can be harvested after being withered for 140 days at 130 ℃.
2. The two-one-six pruning planting method for kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein planting holes in step 1 are 0.8-1 meter in diameter and 0.5-0.7 meter deep, the plant spacing between planting holes is 3-4 meters, and the row spacing is 3-4 meters.
3. The two-one-six pruning planting method for kiwi fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2, a robust young shoot is selected and remained after the young shoot exceeds 15cm, all others are removed, and simultaneously, 2-3 new lateral branches are selected and remained on the upper part of the young shoot as a permanent main vine for cultivating a fruiting mother branch in the next year.
4. The two-six pruning planting method for kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the pinching in step 3 is controlled to keep 6-8 leaf pinching for bearing branches, 10-14 leaf pinching for bare-grown branches, 2-4 leaf pinching for secondary branches, and the number of effective leaves retained by a single plant is not less than 1000.
5. The two-one-six pruning planting method for kiwi fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that the core picking in step 3 is carried out while removing the vegetative branches at the outermost layer of the plant, the core picking is carried out on the internal vegetative branches before winding, the core picking is carried out on the bare-grown branches at 1.2-1.5 meters, and the core picking is continuously kept for 2-4 leaves for the secondary and third branches which are extracted.
6. The two-one-six pruning planting method for kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein 9-12 buds are reserved for each fruiting mother branch in the step 4, and the total number of buds reserved for each mu of garden is 12000-15000.
7. The two-six pruning planting method for kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, when the base of the branch has a latent bud during pruning, the branch is cut short at the base, a full new shoot is selected as a fruiting mother branch in the next year, and when the number of the fruiting mother branches is small, 6-8 post-bud cuts are reserved as a preparation branch and cultured into the fruiting mother branch.
8. The two-six pruning planting method for kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein 1-2 fruits are retained in the short fruit branches, 2-4 fruits are retained in the medium fruit branches, 5-7 fruits are retained in the long fruit branches during fruit thinning in the step 6, and the total fruit thinning amount is 30-40% of the total fruit amount.
CN202011492236.3A 2020-12-17 2020-12-17 Two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits Withdrawn CN112425439A (en)

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CN202011492236.3A CN112425439A (en) 2020-12-17 2020-12-17 Two-one-six shaping, trimming and planting method for kiwi fruits

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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