CN109076870B - Planting method of vine jasmine - Google Patents
Planting method of vine jasmine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109076870B CN109076870B CN201811320100.7A CN201811320100A CN109076870B CN 109076870 B CN109076870 B CN 109076870B CN 201811320100 A CN201811320100 A CN 201811320100A CN 109076870 B CN109076870 B CN 109076870B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/20—Layering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of vine jasmine, which comprises the following steps: cultivating seedlings, grafting, transplanting, managing in the field, picking and the like. By adopting the method, the success rate of cuttage, grafting and transplanting is high, the planted jasmine has strong fragrance, beautiful flowers and few plant diseases and insect pests, and the jasmine can be planted on a large scale to obtain high-yield, fresh and pure jasmine and can also be used as landscape flower vines to beautify the environment in an aromatic manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of jasmine planting and cultivation, in particular to a planting method of vine jasmine.
Background
Jasmine, also known as jasmine flower, is a genus of Jasminum of Oleaceae (A. officinalis)Jasminum) Evergreen shrubs or vines, which are collectively known as native to india, pakistan, have been introduced and widely grown in china. Jasmine leaves are emerald green, pure in color and strong in fragrance, and are the most common aromatic flowers and trees. Jasmine likes warm and moist, and grows best in a well ventilated and semi-cloudy environment. The soil is most suitable for micro-acidic sandy loam containing a large amount of humus. Most varieties are intolerant to cold, intolerant to drought, intolerant to frost, wet waterlogging and alkaline earth, and branches are at temperature lower than 3 ℃ in winterLeaves are subject to freezing damage, and die if left for a long period of time. The jasmine has good health care and beauty treatment effects, and can be used for diet. It symbolizes love and friendship. The jasmine is extremely fragrant, and is a famous scented tea raw material and an important essence raw material; the herbs of flowers and leaves are indicated for blood-shot eyes with swelling and pain, and also have the actions of relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Large-area jasmine planting in the horizontal county of south China of Nanning City of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region: the yield and quality are all the first nationwide. Jasmine, a shogay county, blooms every three months, up to 11 months in autumn.
The single-petal jasmine is short and small, 70-90 cm high, thin in stem and branch, and in the shape of a vine, so it is called "lian jasmine". The blade is oval, and the leaf matter is thinner, and the leaf tip is sharp slightly, whole reason, and length is 5 ~ 9 centimetres, and the width is 3.5 ~ 5.5 centimetres. The corolla is single-layer, has few splinters (petals) and 7-11 pieces, each piece is about 1.3 cm long and 1 cm wide, is oval, white, slightly wrinkled on the surface, and has a tip, so the corolla is also called as jasmine with a sharp tip. The single petal jasmine corolla tube is longer, about 1.5 cm, and has 2 stamens with the same length as the pistils. Gathering and scattering inflorescences, growing at the tops or in the axilla, and growing 3-12 flowers in each inflorescence, wherein the number of the flowers can reach more than 30. The bud is slightly sharp and long, smaller and light. The single-petal jasmine in China is bred for many years in various places to form more local improved varieties, and the single-petal jasmine has high yield and good quality and is provided with Fujian Changle varieties, Fuzhou varieties, Jinhua varieties and Taiwan varieties. Wherein the Taiwan jasmine flower is relatively fresh, cool, fresh and pure. The single-petal jasmine flower bud is opened early, the latent flower is opened generally at 6-7 nightfall, and the jasmine tea scented by the single-petal jasmine flower has strong fragrance and fresh taste which is beyond the double-petal jasmine flower. The single-petal jasmine flower has strong drought resistance, is suitable for planting in mountain feet and hilly slope lands, but has less flower yield than double-petal jasmine, and is cold-resistant, waterlogging-resistant and weak in disease and insect resistance.
The research on the planting of jasmine flowers is many, but most of the jasmine flowers are directed to the vertically grown jasmine flowers, and the research on the liana jasmine flowers is very little so far. Because the upright jasmine is easier to grow and manage and has higher yield than the liana, the upright jasmine is mainly planted in many places at present, but the liana has stronger fragrance and is more suitable for decorating unique and attractive shapes. The invention aims to provide a planting method of vine jasmine, aiming at changing the current situations of low yield and difficult growth management of vine jasmine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method of vine jasmine, the success rate of cuttage, grafting and transplanting is high, the planted jasmine is rich in fragrance, beautiful in flower and less in plant diseases and insect pests, and the method can be used for planting on a large scale to harvest high-yield, fresh and pure jasmine and can also be used as landscape vines to beautify the environment in a fragrant manner.
A planting method of vine jasmine comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing seedlings: selecting a semi-lignified branch of climbing jasmine with a developed local root system and good disease resistance as a cutting, wherein the length of the semi-lignified branch is 5-8cm, cleaning the cutting with clear water, soaking the cutting into a 750-fold and 850-fold carbendazim solution for sterilization for 6-8min, taking out the cutting, draining water, and soaking the lower end of the cutting in a 500mg/LIBA rooting solution for 15-25 s. Before cuttage, a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% is used for disinfecting and sterilizing a substrate, and then the substrate is put into a nutrition bag, wherein the substrate is obtained by mixing field soil, river sand, fully decomposed farmyard manure and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 2:1.5:1: 1.5. Adopting a 'guide-cutting' method, wetting the substrate of the nutrition bag, punching a hole in the middle of the substrate by using a puncher slightly larger than the cutting shoot, inserting the cutting shoot into the hole, and scattering fine soil at the root to fill the hole after cutting; removing the non-survival cutting slips after 15 days, and replanting new cutting slips; when the cutting shoots survive and grow to 20-25cm long, pinching and cutting off the multi-bud and multi-leaf parts at the upper ends, keeping for 15-18cm, spraying a proper amount of plant wound protection liquid to the shearing openings, and wrapping the shearing openings with gauze to promote the rootstock to grow thick and strong.
(2) Grafting: selecting full axillary buds of semi-lignified branches of the taiwan climbing jasmine, removing buds and lateral branches on the seedlings, and selecting two parts on stems of the seedlings to be grafted with buds of the taiwan climbing jasmine by adopting a sheet bud grafting method; spraying a small amount of grafting liquid on a grafting opening during grafting, binding the grafting opening with a plastic binding band, checking whether the grafting is alive after 4-6 days, and replanting a new bud at another position if the grafting is not alive; 10-15 days after the grafting survival, the binding band is removed, a small amount of grafting liquid is sprayed on the grafting opening, and then the oblique stock is cut at the position 2-3cm above the uppermost grafting bud.
(3) Transplanting: transplanting when the grafted axillary buds grow into vines with the length of 8-12cm, deeply turning the land and applying decomposed farmyard manure with the weight of 3-4 tons per mu; opening planting holes with a hole opener at a plant-row spacing of 1.2 x 1.5m, and piling 12-16cm beside each planting hole along the planting rows, wherein the piles are 1.6m higher than the ground; transplanting the grafted seedlings with soil, and watering enough root fixing water at one time; checking survival condition of transplanting after 12 days, and timely replanting the survived seedlings; and (4) after 30-60 days of transplanting, pulling the dense net along the planting rows by the aid of the piles driven out from the front, and allowing the jasmine vines to climb the rock along the dense net.
(4) Field management:
1) transplanting for the first year, and interplanting soybeans or peanuts among the jasmine seedling plants; smashing and burying peanut vines or soybean stems in jasmine roots after harvesting soybeans and peanuts every year, and adding azotobacter; after the jasmine is harvested in the first 11 months of each year, broad beans are interplanted among the jasmine plants, the broad beans are harvested in the last 3 months of the next year, and the broad bean stems and leaves are crushed and buried in the roots of the jasmine.
2) Cutting off vain long vines or withered vines which do not grow in each year, cutting off the vines once after each bunch of flowers are harvested, and cutting off dense branches and leaves; pressing the main vine to grow downwards when the main vine grows to be more than 12m, and selecting a proper part to bury the vine when the main vine grows to be ground, wherein the position is deep into the ground by 6-8cm and the length of the buried vine is 15-25 cm; except for burying the vine, the main vine and the lateral vine, including the flower, can not land on the ground.
3) After the jasmine seedlings are transplanted, the water content of the soil is kept between 60 and 70 percent; intertillage and weeding are carried out for 5-8 times every year, and shallow plowing is carried out at a position close to the nursery stock for 7-9 cm; applying the organic fertilizer once per month, wherein the dosage per mu is 200-400 kg; spraying foliar fertilizer to the jasmine vines after flowers are picked in each period, spraying for 4-6 times every year, and continuously picking flowers after spraying for half a month.
4) Yellow plates are arranged in the jasmine garden, 40-60 pieces of yellow plates are arranged in each mu, and the aphids are adhered to the trapping and killing plates by utilizing the tropism of the aleyrodids aphids to yellow, so that the aim of killing the aleyrodids aphids is fulfilled.
(5) Picking: picking fresh buds which are pure and full and contain buds and can be opened and emit fragrance at night, wherein the picked fresh flowers are provided with buds and flower stalks and have no impurities such as disease-free buds, yellow green buds, stem leaves and the like; the fresh jasmine flowers are filled with ventilated bamboo betel or nylon mesh bags and stored in a shade place.
The plant wound protection liquid preparation contains 0.0015 to 0.03 weight percent of chitosan oligosaccharide and takes plant source bactericide as bactericide, and is produced by high-tech agricultural companies in the positive industry. The grafting solution is obtained by mixing indoleacetic acid and 6-glycosyl aminopurine according to the mass ratio of 1:20 and then diluting the mixture by 2500 times.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of animal wastes, 20-30 parts of bagasse, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 20-30 parts of bran cakes, 8-16 parts of granite powder, 5-10 parts of garlic, 5-10 parts of chinaberry leaves, 3-5 parts of zanthoxylum piperitum, 10-20 parts of trace element fertilizer and 3-5 parts of amino acid;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing animal waste, bagasse, bone powder, bran cake, Bulbus Allii, folium Meliae, and fructus Zanthoxyli, fermenting for 30-40 days, adding microelement fertilizer, amino acids, and granite powder, and mixing.
The foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight and adding water for diluting by 500-fold and 1000-fold: 20-30 parts of urea, 6-12 parts of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus, 16-24 parts of potassium chloride, 2-5 parts of amino acid, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 1-3 parts of humic acid, 0.1-2 parts of boric acid, 0.1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.1-1 part of copper sulfate, 0.1-1 part of ferric chloride and 0.1-1 part of manganese sulfate.
The grafted seedlings which can be transplanted in the step (3) can be planted in a large scale, and can be planted as landscape vines in a single plant or a small number, so that the landscape vines grow along walls or special flower stands, and the grafted seedlings are trimmed and molded into a desired shape according to needs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the climbing jasmine branches with developed local root systems and good disease resistance are selected for cuttage cultivation of seedlings when the seedlings are cultivated, and the obtained seedlings keep the characteristics of developed local planting root systems and good disease resistance of female parents and have good adaptability to local environments. The cutting is disinfected before cutting, so that germs in the cutting can be killed, and the disease resistance of the seedlings is improved; and the culture substrate is also disinfected, so that virus-free seedlings can be obtained. The cutting slips are soaked by using 500mg/LIBA rooting solution and then are cut, so that the rooting rate and the root system quality of the cutting slips can be improved. The cutting is carried out by adopting a 'guide cutting' method, so that the friction between the cutting slips and soil can be reduced, the damage rate of the epidermis is reduced, and the germination and seedling rate of the cutting slips is improved. Before grafting, the seedling is cored, the multi-bud and multi-leaf part at the upper end is cut off, and the root and stem are left to grow for a period of time, so that the rapid growth, thickness and growth of the root and stem can be promoted. After shearing, spraying a proper amount of plant wound protection liquid to the shearing opening, and wrapping the shearing opening by using gauze, thereby avoiding the rotten seedlings or dead seedlings caused by the infection of the wound by pathogenic bacteria.
2. The jasmine flowers climbing in Taiwan are selected for grafting, the compatibility with the stocks reserved by the cultivated seedlings is good, the grafting success rate is high, and the obtained jasmine flowers are refreshing, fresh and pure. And a small amount of grafting liquid is sprayed on the grafting opening during grafting, so that the healing of the grafting opening is promoted, and the grafting success rate is improved.
3. Leguminous plants are interplanted in a planting field in the first year after transplanting, the land can be reasonably utilized, the output of the land is improved, bean stalks are smashed and buried in the roots of the jasmine after bean crops are harvested, nitrogen fixing bacteria at the roots of the jasmine can be increased, the nitrogen fixing rate is increased, and the jasmine is larger in flowers, stronger in fragrance and higher in yield. Broad beans are planted in the fallow period of the jasmine every year, so that the land is reasonably utilized, and the rotation of the land is realized. And (3) performing short-cut once after each bunch of flowers is harvested, removing branches which do not bloom any more, facilitating the branches to continuously grow flowering branches, and improving the yield. The jasmine vines climb along the dense net, and the flowers grow outwards along the dense net, so that the jasmine flowers are picked conveniently. Pressing the jasmine vines at intervals, increasing the nutrient sources of the jasmine vines and enabling the jasmine vines to be stronger. Spraying the foliar fertilizer to the jasmine vines after picking flowers each time can increase the nutrition absorption mode of the jasmine vines and improve the yield of the jasmine flowers.
4. The jasmine has a longer flowering period from 3 months to 11 months, and sufficient nutrition needs to be provided for plants. The method adopts a small quantity of multi-time multi-form methods when the jasmine is fertilized, and is beneficial to ensuring the nutrition balance of the jasmine all the year round. The used organic fertilizer is scientifically matched, has rich nutrient elements and is easier to absorb through fermentation. Garlic bulbs, chinaberry leaves and red cluster peppers are added into the organic fertilizer, so that underground pests can be reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A planting method of vine jasmine comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing seedlings: selecting semi-lignified branches of climbing jasmine flowers with developed local root systems and good disease resistance as cutting slips, wherein the semi-lignified branches are 5-8cm long, cleaning the cutting slips with clear water, soaking the cutting slips into 750 times of carbendazim solution for sterilization for 8min, taking out the cutting slips, draining water, and soaking the lower ends of the cutting slips in 500mg/LIBA rooting solution for 15 s. Before cuttage, a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% is used for disinfecting and sterilizing a substrate, and then the substrate is put into a nutrition bag, wherein the substrate is obtained by mixing field soil, river sand, fully decomposed farmyard manure and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 2:1.5:1: 1.5. Adopting a 'guide-cutting' method, wetting the substrate of the nutrition bag, punching a hole in the middle of the substrate by using a puncher slightly larger than the cutting shoot, inserting the cutting shoot into the hole, and scattering fine soil at the root to fill the hole after cutting; removing the non-survival cutting slips after 15 days, and replanting new cutting slips; when the cutting shoots survive and grow to 20-25cm long, pinching and cutting off the multi-bud and multi-leaf parts at the upper ends, keeping for 15-18cm, spraying a proper amount of plant wound protection liquid to the shearing openings, and wrapping the shearing openings with gauze to promote the rootstock to grow thick and strong.
(2) Grafting: selecting full axillary buds of semi-lignified branches of the taiwan climbing jasmine, removing buds and lateral branches on the seedlings, and selecting two parts on stems of the seedlings to be grafted with buds of the taiwan climbing jasmine by adopting a sheet bud grafting method; spraying a small amount of grafting liquid on a grafting opening during grafting, binding the grafting opening with a plastic binding band, checking whether the grafting is alive after 4 days, and replanting a new bud at another position if the grafting is not alive; and (3) after the grafting survives for 10 days, removing the binding band, spraying a small amount of grafting solution on the grafting opening, and then shearing an oblique anvil at the position 2cm above the uppermost grafting bud.
(3) Transplanting: transplanting when the grafted axillary buds grow into vines with the length of 8-12cm, deeply turning the land and applying decomposed farmyard manure with the weight of 3 tons per mu; opening planting holes by a hole opening machine at a plant-row spacing of 1.2 x 1.5m, piling 12cm beside each planting hole along the planting rows, and making the piles 1.6m above the ground; transplanting the grafted seedlings with soil, and watering enough root fixing water at one time; checking survival condition of transplanting after 12 days, and timely replanting the survived seedlings; and (5) after 30 days of transplanting, pulling the dense net along the planting rows by the aid of the piles driven in front, and allowing the jasmine vines to climb the rock along the dense net.
(4) Field management:
1) transplanting for the first year, and interplanting soybeans or peanuts among the jasmine seedling plants; smashing and burying peanut vines or soybean stems in jasmine roots after harvesting soybeans and peanuts every year, and adding azotobacter; after the jasmine is harvested in the first 11 months of each year, broad beans are interplanted among the jasmine plants, the broad beans are harvested in the last 3 months of the next year, and the broad bean stems and leaves are crushed and buried in the roots of the jasmine.
2) Cutting off vain long vines or withered vines which do not grow in each year, cutting off the vines once after each bunch of flowers are harvested, and cutting off dense branches and leaves; pressing the main vines to grow downwards when the main vines grow to be more than 12m, and selecting parts without lateral branches to bury the vines when the main vines grow to the ground, wherein the parts are deep into the ground by 6cm and the buried vines are 15cm long; except for burying the vine, the main vine and the lateral vine, including the flower, can not land on the ground.
3) After the jasmine seedlings are transplanted, the water content of the soil is kept between 60 and 70 percent; intertillage and weeding are carried out for 5 times every year, and shallow plowing is carried out for 9cm close to the nursery stock; applying the organic fertilizer once per month, wherein the dosage of each mu is 200 kg; spraying foliar fertilizer to the jasmine vines after flowers are picked in each period, spraying for 6 times every year, and continuously picking flowers after spraying for half a month.
4) A yellow plate is arranged in a jasmine garden, 40 yellow plates are arranged in each mu, and the aphids are adhered to the trapping and killing plate by utilizing the taxis of the aleyrodids aphids to yellow, so that the aim of killing the aleyrodids aphids is fulfilled.
(7) Picking: picking fresh buds which are pure and full and contain buds and can be opened and emit fragrance at night, wherein the picked fresh flowers are provided with buds and flower stalks and have no impurities such as disease-free buds, yellow green buds, stem leaves and the like; the fresh jasmine flowers are filled with ventilated bamboo betel or nylon mesh bags and stored in a shade place.
The plant wound protection liquid preparation contains 0.0015 to 0.03 weight percent of chitosan oligosaccharide and takes plant source bactericide as bactericide, and is produced by high-tech agricultural companies in the positive industry. The grafting solution is obtained by mixing indoleacetic acid and 6-glycosyl aminopurine according to the mass ratio of 1:20 and then diluting the mixture by 2500 times.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of animal waste, 20 parts of bagasse, 10 parts of bone powder, 20 parts of bran cake, 8 parts of granite powder, 5 parts of garlic, 5 parts of chinaberry leaves, 3 parts of red bell pepper, 10 parts of trace element fertilizer and 3 parts of amino acid;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing animal waste, bagasse, bone powder, bran cake, Bulbus Allii, folium Meliae, and fructus Zanthoxyli, fermenting for 30 days, adding microelement fertilizer, amino acids, and granite powder, and mixing.
The foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight and then adding water to dilute the mixture by 500 times: 20 parts of urea, 6 parts of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, 16 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of amino acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 1 part of humic acid, 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.1 part of copper sulfate, 0.1 part of ferric chloride and 0.1 part of manganese sulfate.
The grafted seedlings which can be transplanted in the step (3) can be planted in a large scale, and can be planted as landscape vines in a single plant or a small number, so that the landscape vines grow along walls or special flower stands, and the grafted seedlings are trimmed and molded into a desired shape according to needs.
Example 2
A planting method of vine jasmine comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing seedlings: selecting semi-lignified branches of climbing jasmine flowers with developed local root systems and good disease resistance as cutting slips, wherein the semi-lignified branches are 5-8cm long, cleaning the cutting slips with clear water, soaking the cutting slips into 800 times of carbendazim solution for sterilization for 7min, taking out the cutting slips, draining water, and soaking the lower ends of the cutting slips in 500mg/LIBA rooting solution for 20 s. Before cuttage, a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% is used for disinfecting and sterilizing a substrate, and then the substrate is put into a nutrition bag, wherein the substrate is obtained by mixing field soil, river sand, fully decomposed farmyard manure and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 2:1.5:1: 1.5. Adopting a 'guide-cutting' method, wetting the substrate of the nutrition bag, punching a hole in the middle of the substrate by using a puncher slightly larger than the cutting shoot, inserting the cutting shoot into the hole, and scattering fine soil at the root to fill the hole after cutting; removing the non-survival cutting slips after 15 days, and replanting new cutting slips; when the cutting shoots survive and grow to 20-25cm long, pinching and cutting off the multi-bud and multi-leaf parts at the upper ends, keeping for 15-18cm, spraying a proper amount of plant wound protection liquid to the shearing openings, and wrapping the shearing openings with gauze to promote the rootstock to grow thick and strong.
(2) Grafting: selecting full axillary buds of semi-lignified branches of the taiwan climbing jasmine, removing buds and lateral branches on the seedlings, and selecting two parts on stems of the seedlings to be grafted with buds of the taiwan climbing jasmine by adopting a sheet bud grafting method; spraying a small amount of grafting liquid on a grafting opening during grafting, binding the grafting opening with a plastic binding band, checking whether the grafting is alive after 5 days, and replanting a new bud at another position if the grafting is not alive; after the grafting survives for 12 days, the binding band is removed, a small amount of grafting liquid is sprayed on the grafting opening, and then the oblique stock is cut at the position 3cm above the uppermost grafting bud.
(3) Transplanting: transplanting when the grafted axillary buds grow into vines with the length of 8-12cm, deeply turning the land and applying decomposed farmyard manure with the weight of 3.5 tons per mu; opening planting holes by a hole opening machine at a plant-row spacing of 1.2 x 1.5m, piling 14cm beside each planting hole along the planting rows, and making the piles 1.6m above the ground; transplanting the grafted seedlings with soil, and watering enough root fixing water at one time; checking survival condition of transplanting after 12 days, and timely replanting the survived seedlings; and (4) after transplanting for 45 days, pulling the dense net along the planting rows by virtue of the piles driven out in the front, and allowing the jasmine vines to climb the rock along the dense net.
(4) Field management:
1) transplanting for the first year, and interplanting soybeans or peanuts among the jasmine seedling plants; smashing and burying peanut vines or soybean stems in jasmine roots after harvesting soybeans and peanuts every year, and adding azotobacter; after the jasmine is harvested in the first 11 months of each year, broad beans are interplanted among the jasmine plants, the broad beans are harvested in the last 3 months of the next year, and the broad bean stems and leaves are crushed and buried in the roots of the jasmine.
2) Cutting off vain long vines or withered vines which do not grow in each year, cutting off the vines once after each bunch of flowers are harvested, and cutting off dense branches and leaves; pressing the main vines to grow downwards when the main vines grow to be more than 12m, and selecting parts without lateral branches to bury the vines when the main vines grow to the ground, wherein the parts are 7cm deep into the ground and 20cm long in the buried vines; except for burying the vine, the main vine and the lateral vine, including the flower, can not land on the ground.
3) After the jasmine seedlings are transplanted, the water content of the soil is kept between 60 and 70 percent; intertillage and weeding are carried out for 6 times every year, and shallow plowing is carried out 8cm close to the nursery stock; applying the organic fertilizer once per month, wherein the dosage of each mu is 300 kg; spraying foliar fertilizer to the jasmine vines after flowers are picked in each period, spraying 5 times every year, and continuously picking flowers after spraying for half a month.
4) A yellow plate is arranged in a jasmine garden, 50 yellow plates are arranged in each mu, and the aphids are adhered to the trapping and killing plate by utilizing the taxis of the aleyrodids aphids to yellow, so that the aim of killing the aleyrodids aphids is fulfilled.
(7) Picking: picking fresh buds which are pure and full and contain buds and can be opened and emit fragrance at night, wherein the picked fresh flowers are provided with buds and flower stalks and have no impurities such as disease-free buds, yellow green buds, stem leaves and the like; the fresh jasmine flowers are filled with ventilated bamboo betel or nylon mesh bags and stored in a shade place.
The plant wound protection liquid preparation contains 0.0015 to 0.03 weight percent of chitosan oligosaccharide and takes plant source bactericide as bactericide, and is produced by high-tech agricultural companies in the positive industry. The grafting solution is obtained by mixing indoleacetic acid and 6-glycosyl aminopurine according to the mass ratio of 1:20 and then diluting the mixture by 2500 times.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of animal wastes, 25 parts of bagasse, 15 parts of bone meal, 25 parts of bran cakes, 12 parts of granite powder, 8 parts of garlic, 8 parts of chinaberry leaves, 4 parts of red bell peppers, 15 parts of trace element fertilizers and 4 parts of amino acids;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing animal waste, bagasse, bone powder, bran cake, Bulbus Allii, folium Meliae, and fructus Zanthoxyli, fermenting for 35 days, adding microelement fertilizer, amino acids, and granite powder, and mixing.
The foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight and then adding water for diluting the mixture by 750 times: 25 parts of urea, 9 parts of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of amino acid, 2 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2 parts of humic acid, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.5 part of copper sulfate, 0.5 part of ferric chloride and 0.5 part of manganese sulfate.
The grafted seedlings which can be transplanted in the step (3) can be planted in a large scale, and can be planted as landscape vines in a single plant or a small number, so that the landscape vines grow along walls or special flower stands, and the grafted seedlings are trimmed and molded into a desired shape according to needs.
Example 3
A planting method of vine jasmine comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing seedlings: selecting semi-lignified branches of climbing jasmine flowers with developed local root systems and good disease resistance as cutting slips, wherein the semi-lignified branches are 5-8cm long, cleaning the cutting slips with clear water, then soaking the cutting slips into 850 times of carbendazim solution for sterilization for 6min, taking out the cutting slips, draining water, and then soaking the lower ends of the cutting slips in 500mg/LIBA rooting solution for 25 s. Before cuttage, a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% is used for disinfecting and sterilizing a substrate, and then the substrate is put into a nutrition bag, wherein the substrate is obtained by mixing field soil, river sand, fully decomposed farmyard manure and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 2:1.5:1: 1.5. Adopting a 'guide-cutting' method, wetting the substrate of the nutrition bag, punching a hole in the middle of the substrate by using a puncher slightly larger than the cutting shoot, inserting the cutting shoot into the hole, and scattering fine soil at the root to fill the hole after cutting; removing the non-survival cutting slips after 15 days, and replanting new cutting slips; when the cutting shoots survive and grow to 20-25cm long, pinching and cutting off the multi-bud and multi-leaf parts at the upper ends, keeping for 15-18cm, spraying a proper amount of plant wound protection liquid to the shearing openings, and wrapping the shearing openings with gauze to promote the rootstock to grow thick and strong.
(2) Grafting: selecting full axillary buds of semi-lignified branches of the taiwan climbing jasmine, removing buds and lateral branches on the seedlings, and selecting two parts on stems of the seedlings to be grafted with buds of the taiwan climbing jasmine by adopting a sheet bud grafting method; spraying a small amount of grafting liquid on a grafting opening during grafting, binding the grafting opening with a plastic binding band, checking whether the grafting is alive after 6 days, and replanting a new bud at another position when the grafting is not alive; and (3) after the grafting survives for 15 days, removing the binding band, spraying a small amount of grafting solution on the grafting opening, and then shearing an oblique anvil at the position 3cm above the uppermost grafting bud.
(3) Transplanting: transplanting when the grafted axillary buds grow into vines with the length of 8-12cm, deeply turning the land and applying decomposed farmyard manure with the weight of 4 tons per mu; opening planting holes by a hole opening machine at a plant-row spacing of 1.2 x 1.5m, piling 16cm beside each planting hole along the planting rows, and making the piles 1.6m above the ground; transplanting the grafted seedlings with soil, and watering enough root fixing water at one time; checking survival condition of transplanting after 12 days, and timely replanting the survived seedlings; and (5) after transplanting for 60 days, pulling the dense net along the planting rows by the aid of the piles driven out from the front, and allowing the jasmine vines to climb the rock along the dense net.
(4) Field management:
1) transplanting for the first year, and interplanting soybeans or peanuts among the jasmine seedling plants; smashing and burying peanut vines or soybean stems in jasmine roots after harvesting soybeans and peanuts every year, and adding azotobacter; after the jasmine is harvested in the first 11 months of each year, broad beans are interplanted among the jasmine plants, the broad beans are harvested in the last 3 months of the next year, and the broad bean stems and leaves are crushed and buried in the roots of the jasmine.
2) Cutting off vain long vines or withered vines which do not grow in each year, cutting off the vines once after each bunch of flowers are harvested, and cutting off dense branches and leaves; pressing the main vines to grow downwards when the main vines grow to be more than 12m, and selecting parts without lateral branches to bury the vines when the main vines grow to the ground, wherein the parts are deep into the ground by 8cm and the buried vines are 25cm long; except for burying the vine, the main vine and the lateral vine, including the flower, can not land on the ground.
3) After the jasmine seedlings are transplanted, the water content of the soil is kept between 60 and 70 percent; intertillage and weeding are carried out for 8 times every year, and shallow plowing is carried out for 7cm close to the nursery stock; applying the organic fertilizer once per month, wherein the dosage per mu is 400 kg; spraying foliar fertilizer to the jasmine vines after flowers are picked in each period, spraying for 4 times every year, and continuously picking flowers after spraying for half a month.
4) A yellow plate is arranged in a jasmine garden, 60 yellow plates are arranged in each mu, and the aphids are adhered to the trapping and killing plate by utilizing the taxis of the aleyrodids aphids to yellow, so that the aim of killing the aleyrodids aphids is fulfilled.
(7) Picking: picking fresh buds which are pure and full and contain buds and can be opened and emit fragrance at night, wherein the picked fresh flowers are provided with buds and flower stalks and have no impurities such as disease-free buds, yellow green buds, stem leaves and the like; the fresh jasmine flowers are filled with ventilated bamboo betel or nylon mesh bags and stored in a shade place.
The plant wound protection liquid preparation contains 0.0015 to 0.03 weight percent of chitosan oligosaccharide and takes plant source bactericide as bactericide, and is produced by high-tech agricultural companies in the positive industry. The grafting solution is obtained by mixing indoleacetic acid and 6-glycosyl aminopurine according to the mass ratio of 1:20 and then diluting the mixture by 2500 times.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of animal waste, 30 parts of bagasse, 20 parts of bone powder, 30 parts of bran cake, 16 parts of granite powder, 10 parts of garlic, 10 parts of chinaberry leaves, 5 parts of red cluster pepper, 20 parts of trace element fertilizer and 5 parts of amino acid;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing animal waste, bagasse, bone powder, bran cake, Bulbus Allii, folium Meliae, and fructus Zanthoxyli, fermenting for 40 days, adding microelement fertilizer, amino acids, and granite powder, and mixing.
The foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight and then adding water to dilute the mixture by 1000 times: 30 parts of urea, 12 parts of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, 24 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of amino acid, 3 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 3 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of boric acid, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of copper sulfate, 1 part of ferric chloride and 1 part of manganese sulfate.
The grafted seedlings which can be transplanted in the step (3) can be planted in a large scale, and can be planted as landscape vines in a single plant or a small number, so that the landscape vines grow along walls or special flower stands, and the grafted seedlings are trimmed and molded into a desired shape according to needs.
Claims (5)
1. A planting method of vine jasmine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) culturing seedlings: selecting semi-lignified branches of climbing jasmine flowers with developed local root systems and good disease resistance as cutting slips, wherein the semi-lignified branches are 5-8cm long, adopting a 'guide cutting' method to wet a substrate of a nutrition bag, punching holes in the middle of the substrate by using a puncher slightly larger than the cutting slips, inserting the cutting slips into the holes, and scattering fine soil at the roots to fill the holes after cutting; removing the non-survival cutting slips after 15 days, and replanting new cutting slips; when the cutting shoots survive and grow to 20-25cm long, pinching and cutting off the multi-bud and multi-leaf parts at the upper ends, keeping 15-18cm, spraying a proper amount of plant wound protection liquid to the shearing openings, and wrapping the shearing openings with gauze to promote the rootstocks to grow thick and strong;
(2) grafting: selecting full axillary buds of semi-lignified branches of the taiwan climbing jasmine, removing buds and lateral branches on the seedlings, and selecting two parts on stems of the seedlings to be grafted with buds of the taiwan climbing jasmine by adopting a sheet bud grafting method; spraying a small amount of grafting liquid on a grafting opening during grafting, binding the grafting opening with a plastic binding band, checking whether the grafting is alive after 4-6 days, and replanting a new bud at another position if the grafting is not alive; removing the binding band 10-15 days after the grafting survives, spraying a small amount of grafting liquid on the grafting opening, and then shearing an oblique stock at the position 2-3cm above the uppermost grafting bud;
(3) transplanting: transplanting when the grafted axillary buds grow into vines with the length of 8-12cm, deeply turning the land and applying decomposed farmyard manure with the weight of 3-4 tons per mu; opening planting holes with a hole opener at a plant-row spacing of 1.2 x 1.5m, and piling 12-16cm beside each planting hole along the planting rows, wherein the piles are 1.6m higher than the ground; transplanting the grafted seedlings with soil, and watering enough root fixing water at one time; checking survival condition of transplanting after 12 days, and timely replanting the survived seedlings; after 30-60 days of transplanting, pulling up the dense net along the planting rows by the aid of the piles driven out in the front, and allowing the jasmine vines to climb the rock along the dense net;
(4) field management:
1) transplanting for the first year, and interplanting soybeans or peanuts among the jasmine seedling plants; smashing and burying peanut vines or soybean stems in jasmine roots after harvesting soybeans and peanuts every year, and adding azotobacter; after the jasmine is harvested in the first 11 months of each year, broad beans are interplanted among the jasmine plants, the broad beans are harvested in the last 3 months of the next year, and the broad bean stems and leaves are crushed and buried in the roots of the jasmine;
2) cutting off vain long vines or withered vines which do not grow in each year, cutting off the vines once after each bunch of flowers are harvested, and cutting off dense branches and leaves; pressing the main vine to grow downwards when the main vine grows to be more than 12m, and selecting a proper part to bury the vine when the main vine grows to be ground, wherein the position is deep into the ground by 6-8cm and the length of the buried vine is 15-25 cm; except for burying the vine, the main vine or the lateral vine, including flowers, can not be landed;
3) after the jasmine seedlings are transplanted, keeping the water content of the soil at 60-70%; intertillage and weeding are carried out for 5-8 times every year, and shallow plowing is carried out at a position close to the nursery stock for 7-9 cm; applying the organic fertilizer once per month, wherein the dosage per mu is 200-400 kg; spraying foliar fertilizer to the jasmine vines after flowers are picked up at each period, spraying for 4-6 times every year, and continuously picking up the flowers after spraying for half a month;
4) installing yellow plates in the jasmine garden, wherein 40-60 yellow plates are arranged in each mu, and adhering the aleyrodids to the trapping and killing plates by utilizing the tropism of the aleyrodids aphids to yellow;
(5) picking: selecting pure and full fresh buds which are ready to bud and can bloom and emit fragrance at night, and picking up fresh flowers which are provided with buds and flower stalks, have no disease buds, yellow green buds and stem leaves; collecting fresh flos Jasmini sambac, packaging with ventilated herba Artemisiae Annuae or nylon mesh bag, and storing in shade;
the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight and adding water for diluting by 500-fold and 1000-fold: 20-30 parts of urea, 6-12 parts of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus, 16-24 parts of potassium chloride, 2-5 parts of amino acid, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 1-3 parts of humic acid, 0.1-2 parts of boric acid, 0.1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.1-1 part of copper sulfate, 0.1-1 part of ferric chloride and 0.1-1 part of manganese sulfate.
2. The planting method of the liana jasmine according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) further comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of pretreating cutting slips before cutting, wherein the pretreatment comprises the following specific steps: cleaning the cutting slips with clear water, then soaking the cutting slips into 750-fold carbendazim solution with 850 times of capacity for sterilization for 6-8min, taking out the cutting slips, draining the water, and then soaking the lower ends of the cutting slips in 500mg/LIBA rooting solution for 15-25 s;
(2) before cuttage, a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% is used for disinfecting and sterilizing a substrate, and then the substrate is placed in a nutrition bag, wherein the substrate is obtained by mixing field soil, river sand, fully decomposed farmyard manure and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 2:1.5:1: 1.5.
3. The planting method of the vine jasmine flowers according to claim 1, wherein the plant wound protection liquid agent is a plant wound protection liquid agent containing 0.0015 to 0.03 weight percent of chitosan oligosaccharide and taking a plant source bactericide as a bactericide; the grafting solution is obtained by mixing indoleacetic acid and 6-glycosyl aminopurine according to the mass ratio of 1:20 and then diluting the mixture by 2500 times.
4. The planting method of the vine jasmine flower according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of animal wastes, 20-30 parts of bagasse, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 20-30 parts of bran cakes, 8-16 parts of granite powder, 5-10 parts of garlic, 5-10 parts of chinaberry leaves, 3-5 parts of zanthoxylum piperitum, 10-20 parts of trace element fertilizer and 3-5 parts of amino acid; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing animal waste, bagasse, bone powder, bran cake, Bulbus Allii, folium Meliae, and fructus Zanthoxyli, fermenting for 30-40 days, adding microelement fertilizer, amino acids, and granite powder, and mixing.
5. The method for planting liana jasmine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanted grafted seedling of step (3) is planted as landscape vine, and is grown along wall or special flower stand, and is trimmed to form desired shape.
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