CN103503700A - Method for cultivating multi-petal strong-flavor jasmine - Google Patents
Method for cultivating multi-petal strong-flavor jasmine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating multi-petal strong-flavor jasmine. The method for cultivating the multi-petal strong-flavor jasmine comprises the steps that pairwise mixed grafting is carried out on single-petal jasmine, double-petal jasmine and multi-petal jasmine, planting and management are carried out, mutual grafting is carried out on intermediate products obtained after pairwise mixed grafting, the intermediate products are planted and are cultivated for one year or more according to the planting method of ordinary jasmine, and selection and cultivation are carried out through observation of the situation of growth of plants and the situation of flowering so that final products are obtained. The method for cultivating the multi-petal strong-flavor jasmine integrates the advantage of the flavor of the single-petal jasmine, the high yield advantage of double-petal jasmine and the flower type advantage of the multi-petal jasmine, and a jasmine variety which is rich is fragrance, beautiful in flower, easy to cultivate and high in yield is cultivated and selected through the manual method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of Jasmine, the breeding method of particularly a kind of many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine.
Background technology
There is a head to spread in China remote, the whole world is well-known song all, " What a Beautiful Jasmine ": What a Beautiful Jasmine, What a Beautiful Jasmine, the beautiful full branch of fragrance, not only perfume (or spice) but also white man people overstate, this first song has been described people to liking and gasp in admiratioing Jasmine, what sensation do when listening this song, you have if come in the garden that is full of Jasmine?
Jasmine, is the general designation of Oleaceae gelsemium evergreen shrubs or liane, and Jasmine originates in China Chiang-Nan area and west area, India and an Arabic band, existing extensive Zhi Zaiyu subtropical zone.Mainly be distributed in drought, Iran, Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia etc., the Mediterranean countries such as current Spain, France, Italy, India and Southeast Asian countries all have cultivation.
Jasmine has good health care and beauty functions, can be used for diet, can be used for the making of jasmine tea.Jasmine is the national flower of Philippine, Tunisia, Indonesia, and the city flower in Fuzhou of China city is signifying love and friendship.
Jasmine is easy to growth in south, the Green Corridor of park, street, unit introduction, can plant in garden, is also well suited on balcony potted plantly, and it is white and pure, strong, delicate fragrance, remote, receives an acclaim especially.
The Heng County establishing in large scale Jasmine in the south, Nanning City of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: output and quality all rank first in the whole country.Heng County Jasmine blooms annual March, until the November in autumn, peasants' every household is all planted Jasmine in a large number, provide Tea Processing business to make jasmine tea, refine spices etc., at the morning of fine day to noon, Jasmine bud is plucked in flower-grower Men field, with mesh bag, installing to Jasmine market sells jasmine tea and adds industry and commerce, in afternoon, if you are to Jasmine market, will feel that fragrance overflows the air in market.Heng County is also held Jasmine joint every year, and to red-letter day, the people of local, other provinces and foreign country concentrate county town, participate in comings and goings, ancient county town streetful elegant jasmin and " What a Beautiful Jasmine " ...
Jasmine, is the general designation of Oleaceae gelsemium evergreen shrubs or liane, and Latin formal name used at school Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Aiton is evergreen dwarf shrub or liana shape shrub, 1 meter of Gao Keda.The elongated sprig of branch has corner angle, and hairiness, is slightly liana shape sometimes.Single leaf is to life, light, and width egg shape or ellipse, vein is obvious, the micro-wrinkle in blade face, petiole is short and be bent upwards, and has pubescence.Extract young sprout by axil early summer, the raw cyme in top, and top is raw or armpit is raw, spends 3～9, and common three to four, corolla white, extremely fragrance.In the 6～October of florescence of most of kinds, without cease by blooming first late fall in the Summer Solstice, bloom the winter of defoliation, November at florescence～Second Year March.Fruit is comparatively rare, single fruit, accidental two fruits.Young fruit light green, transfers purple after being yellow green after growing up, and when ripe, is atropurpureus oblate spheroid Berry-like drupe.In most cases, more Jasmine is pollinated and is infertile, seldom bears seeds.
Jasmine happiness warm and moist and sunny environment, its leaf color jade green, flower color is pure white, gives off a strong fragrance, and is modal aromaticity flowers and trees.Petal have single-lobe, polyphyll, single leaf, compound leaf minute, pattern has two kinds of milky and lavender.
Single-lobe jasmine, single-lobe jasmine sheet is oval, and the food value of leaf is thinner, and end of blade is point slightly, and full edge is long 5～9 centimetres, wide 3.5～5.5 centimetres.Corolla individual layer, sliver (petal) is few, and 7～11, every is about 1.3 centimetres, wide 1 centimetre, and ovalize is pure white, and surperficial Wei Zhou， top is point slightly, so claim again tip jasmine.Single-lobe jasmine corolla pipe is longer, and approximately 1.5 centimetres, 2 pieces, stamen, isometric with gynoecium.Poly-loose inflorescence, top is raw or armpit is raw, and each inflorescence raw 3～12 flowers, and many reaches more than 30.Bud slightly point is long, more small and light.The single-lobe jasmine ，Jing various places seed selection for many years of China, forms more local breeding, output is high, quality better have Zhong, Taiwan, Zhong, Jinhua, a Changle of Fujian Province Zhong, Foochow kind.Wherein Taiwan Jasmine is salubriouser, fresh, pure.The single-lobe jasmonic bud open hour, early volt was spent generally opening in 6～7 o'clock between the lights, spent heavily for every hundred, and volt is spent 22～25 grams of left and right, lighter than bivalve jasmine.Jasmine tea by single-lobe jasmine basement system, gives off a strong fragrance, fresh taste, for bivalve Jasmine can't be obtained.Single-lobe Jasmine drought resistance is stronger, is suitable for the plantation of the foot of the hill, hilly upland, but flower yield is not as good as bivalve jasmine, 150～200 kilograms of every 0.067 kg/has, and high is no more than 400 kilograms, and cold-resistant, and intolerant to waterlogging, a little less than resistant to diseases and insects.
Bivalve jasmine, bivalve jasmine is the principal item of Chinese commerial growing.Plant is high 1～1.5 meter, is upright bush, multi-branched, and stem branch is more thick and stiff, and basal part of stem epidermis has taupe wrinkle.Children's stem is green, and healthy and strong branch has rib and short down.Leaf is to life, wealthy avette, full edge, and reticulate venation, leaf look dark green, and the food value of leaf is thicker and be rich in gloss.Cyme, top is raw or armpit is raw, and each inflorescence 3～17, raw bud, and many reaches more than 30.Bud oval, top is flat or slightly sharp, also claims tack jasmine.Bivalve jasmine is normally better with the quality of tip, and flower is more big and fleshy than single-lobe jasmine, and water content is also lower slightly.Corolla pipe is slightly shorter than single-lobe jasmine, is about 1 centimetre.Corolla lobe (being petal) is more, 13～18, base portion be imbricate combine be arranged in two-layer, 4～8 of internal layers, outer 7～10.Petal is about 1.1 centimetres, wide approximately 1 centimetre.2 pieces, stamen, 1 piece of gynoecium.Spend pure white purely, wax is obvious, and the fragrance of a flower is stronger, tells fragrant compared with late and slow.Slow about 2 hours compared with single-lobe jasmine bud open hour, volt is spent generally open about 8～9 o'clock at night, naturally tells perfume (or spice) and can delay tens hours.Spend heavily for every hundred, approximately 23 grams of spring flowers, volt is spent approximately 30 grams, and the autumn is spent approximately 26 grams.Mellow strong with the jasmine tea fragrance of bivalve Jasmine basement system, though fresh, pure not as good as single-lobe jasmine tea, bivalve jasmine limb is tough and tensile, resistance is stronger, and cold-resistant, moisture-proof, be easy to cultivation, yield per unit area is high, and what planted China various places at present is mainly bivalve jasmine.In Hengxian County, plant, can plant then and adopt then, every 0.067 hectare of flower production can reach 150～200 kilograms, and the every 0.067 hectare of output of life in 3 years is 500 kilograms of left and right, 5 years above general every 0.067 hectare can reach 800～1000 kilograms of left and right, the reaching more than 1500 kilograms of high yield.
Many lobes jasmine, many lobes jasmine branch has obvious verruca.Leaf dark green, bud tight knot, compared with round and short and small, top is slightly recess.Corolla lobe (petal) is little and thick, and many especially, and general 16～21, base portion becomes imbricate to combine to be arranged in 3～4 layers, well arranged when open.2～3 pieces, stamen.The volt of many lobes jasmine is spent many some openings in night 7～8, is mostly first to open 1～2 layer, and just end all the other next day.Also there is not open withering.Many lobes Jasmine open hour drag very longly, and fragrance is lighter, and output is less, not satisfactory as the fresh flower of scenting tea, but nonirrigated farmland, its drought resistance Qiang， hillside robust growth.
Above-mentioned finding, Jasmine kind is more, respectively has advantage, but respectively has shortcoming, how to make Jasmine easy to raise, and flower is large, output is high, give off a strong fragrance, and is that the people of plantation Jasmine expect.
Summary of the invention
The advantage that the object of this invention is to provide the colored type of the fragrance of a kind of comprehensively single-lobe jasmine and the high yield of bivalve jasmine and many lobes jasmine, by manual method, cultivate and select give off a strong fragrance, flower is beautiful, the easy Jasmine kind of cultivation and high yield.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The breeding method of many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine, it is characterized in that: be that single-lobe jasmine, bivalve jasmine and many lobes jasmine are mixed after grafting between two, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration, by after the mutual grafting of the intermediate products after grafting between two, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year again, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivate the final products that obtain many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine.
The breeding method of another kind of many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine, it is characterized in that: be that single-lobe jasmine, bivalve jasmine and many lobes jasmine are mixed after grafting between two, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration, using the intermediate products after grafting between two as stock, use again many lobes jasmine after scion grafting again, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plantation is more than 1 year or 1 year, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivate the final products that obtain many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine.
The breeding method of above-mentioned many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine, has following several scheme:
1, using bivalve jasmine kind as stock, single-lobe jasmine carries out grafting as scion, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration; Using bivalve jasmine kind as stock, many lobes jasmine carries out grafting as scion, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration; By after the mutual grafting of the intermediate products after grafting between two, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year, process observation plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivation obtains final products again.
Or after the mutual grafting of intermediate products, as stock, more directly with after the grafting of many lobes jasmine, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivation obtains final products.
2, using bivalve jasmine kind as stock, many lobes jasmine carries out grafting as scion, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration; Using single-lobe jasmine kind as stock, bivalve jasmine carries out grafting as scion, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration; By after the mutual grafting of the intermediate products after grafting between two, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year, process observation plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivation obtains final products again.
Or after the mutual grafting of intermediate products, as stock, more directly with after the grafting of many lobes jasmine, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivation obtains final products.
3, using bivalve jasmine kind as stock, single-lobe jasmine carries out grafting as scion, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration; Using many lobes jasmine kind as stock, single-lobe jasmine carries out grafting as scion, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration; By after the mutual grafting of the intermediate products after grafting between two, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year, process observation plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivation obtains final products again.
Or after the mutual grafting of intermediate products, as stock, more directly with after the grafting of many lobes jasmine, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivation obtains final products.
4, using many lobes jasmine kind as stock, single-lobe jasmine carries out grafting as scion, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration; Using many lobes jasmine kind as stock, bivalve jasmine carries out grafting as scion, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration; By after the mutual grafting of the intermediate products after grafting between two, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year, process observation plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivation obtains final products again.
Or after the mutual grafting of intermediate products, as stock, more directly with after the grafting of many lobes jasmine, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivation obtains final products.
5, using single-lobe jasmine kind as stock, bivalve jasmine carries out grafting as scion, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration; Using single-lobe jasmine kind as stock, many lobes jasmine carries out grafting as scion, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration; By after the mutual grafting of the intermediate products after grafting between two, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year, process observation plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivation obtains final products again.
Or after the mutual grafting of intermediate products, as stock, more directly with after the grafting of many lobes jasmine, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivation obtains final products.
Above-described grafting, can adopt cleft graft, bark graft method and bud grafting method.
Many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine of the present invention is applicable to mountain planting, and well developed root system is drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, and growing way is vigorous, blooms many, gives off a strong fragrance.
Many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine of the present invention can large-scale planting, as the basement flower raw material of producing jasmine tea, or as the raw material of producing Jasmine sesame oil, essence.
Many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine of the present invention can be used as the Green Corridor of afforestation, in the garden of park, street, unit introduction, can plant, also be well suited on balcony potted plant, particularly like the friend who on balcony grows flower, several basins many lobes Luzhou-flavor of the present invention Jasmine in kind, beautiful again, giving off a strong fragrance again.
Many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine large-scale planting of the present invention, for basement flower raw material, or as the raw material of producing Jasmine sesame oil, essence is:
1, whole ground, should be chosen in soil thickness and be that 25 centimetres above, the soil is porous, drainage and good air permeability, tailo, half light hillside fields section that illumination condition is good be better, is generally 40～80 centimetres, dark 30～50 centimetres if plot is strip soil preparation bandwidth; Belt length is determined according to landform, should retain at a certain distance 50～80 centimetres of natural vegetations, if plot is block (cave is cultivated), regular size has: 40 40 centimetres of cm x 40 cm x, 50 50 centimetres of cm x 50 cm x, centered by kind of plant hole, remove shrubbery and the weeds of surrounding, cleaning scope is determined according to the size of whole ground specification; Gesture forms terraced fields near the mountain.
2, cuttage and seedling culture, can carry out cuttage with trunk last year that many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine that cultivate grows to chopsticks size in the 3-4 month, waits to survive to grow 5 centimetres of left and right and can transplant.
3, nursery stock is processed: the branch part fibrous root after cutting survival is cut off, will during slurry root, can add appropriate peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers with fertile pond sludge or stream mud slurry root simultaneously, slurry root is the key that improves survival rate.
4, plantation, after completing, just can directly plant, banded ground can become ridge row to plant wholely, block ground can single or many, base area block size is planted, and before plantation, first digs pit, and the degree of depth is digged pit suitably than the dark 2-10 centimetre in Plain in mountain region, mainly that mountain soil is few, arid, appropriate depth is digged pit and can be made nursery stock take root deeply, drought-enduring; After digging pit, in hole, add appropriate farmyard manure or composite fertilizer as base manure, notice that the root of seedling does not directly contact fertilizer, cover one deck soil after can putting into fertilizer, then plant jasmine flower seedling.
5, pruner cuts down, and reasonably beta pruning is one of important measures of Jasmine volume increase.Jasmine flower shears cuts down and mainly contains the winter and cut down, and stays branch more as far as possible, and northern beta pruning form is low cutting suitably, retains 8～12 centimetres of base portions.Cutting while cutting down stays vigorous branches to remove weak branch, sick branch.If in south, the suitable height of beta pruning form is cut, and before germinateing the general Spring Festival, cuts, and retains 10～15 centimetres of base portions, makes to occur most thick new branches, as very prosperous in New shoot growth, should pinching when growth reaches 15 centimetres, inspire the secondary tip, and to bloom more, output is high.Attention: pruning should be carried out at fine day, can remove disease branch, and can be adjusted plant in conjunction with thin leaf, and advantageously grow and pregnant flower bud bloom.
6, field management, management after planting, in time trickle, apply fertilizer and loosen the soil, after planting, soil drought will be irrigated trickle in time; If there is ponding, answer smooth low-lying place or trench digging to drain the water away.In conjunction with weeding, loosen the soil, keep soil from packing together, strengthen soil permeability.New talent germinates and to open after leaf, drench execute liquid dung or 0.5% urea solution once, later according to growing state, dressing fertilizer 1 ~ 2 time.Fertilizing amount is every 667 m
2execute urea 5 kg-10 kgHuo composite fertilizer 10 kg-15 kg.Find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time.The plant of reseeding will be strengthened management.The fertilizer that Jasmine of the present invention is used, mainly contains: organic manure, inorganic fertilizer, mixed organic manure, inorganic composite mixed fertilizer, trace element fertilizer and foliage fertilizer etc.Require nitrogen phosphorus potassium compounding application, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P
2o
5), potassium (K
2o) ratio is 2: 1: 1.
7, the extermination of disease and insect pest, jasmine often has snout moth larva and scale insect, two spotted spider mite to cause harm, the most serious with July to September, often eats into anthophagy flower bud, 1200 times of liquid of propargite of available 73% spray, or kill chrysanthemum ester and add 200 times, water and spray, every first quarter moon sprays once, damage by disease and insect does not occur and also should spray, accomplish prevention formerly, spraying time was advisable with fine day at 9 o'clock in the morning and at 4 o'clock in afternoon, and noon, burning sun should not spray, and prevented poisoning.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, the comprehensive advantage of the colored type of the fragrance of single-lobe jasmine and the high yield of bivalve jasmine and many lobes jasmine of the present invention, by manual method, cultivate and select give off a strong fragrance, flower is beautiful, the easy Jasmine kind of cultivation and high yield.Be applicable to mountain planting, well developed root system, drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, growing way is vigorous, blooms many, gives off a strong fragrance.
2, many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine of the present invention can large-scale planting, as the basement flower raw material of producing jasmine tea, or as the raw material of producing Jasmine sesame oil, essence.Also can be in garden, street, scenic area or balcony planting.
3, many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine of the present invention is perennial shrub, in karst mountain area plantation, to water and soil loss, plays fine effect, and peasant planting, both can keep water and soil, by defloration, had improved income.Realize area, Karst Regions In Southwest China mountain region ecology, water moisture self restraint, economical, social coordination, sustainable development are had to important realistic meaning and far-reaching historic significance.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Using the bivalve jasmine kind of Hengxian County plantation as stock, the single-lobe jasmine that introduce a fine variety in Fujian carries out grafting as scion, after growing up to, according to the Cultivate administration method of common Jasmine a year, obtains jasmine A; Using the bivalve jasmine kind of Hengxian County's plantation as stock, many lobes of Jiangsu Introduced jasmine carries out grafting as scion, obtains B; Using jasmine A as stock; jasmine B carries out grafting as scion; obtain jasmine C; after growing up to; according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, to plant more than 1 year or 1 year, selection branch is strong, leaf is luxuriant; bloom for the strong many lobes jasmine of fragrance is as many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine new varieties, get final product large-scale planting.
Or directly with many lobes jasmine, as scion, carry out grafting once using jasmine C as stock; obtain the stem stalk cuttage that annual branch is cut into 4-8 centimetre; observe its growing state; selection branch is strong, leaf is luxuriant; bloom for the strong many lobes jasmine of fragrance is as many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine new varieties, get final product large-scale planting.
Embodiment 2
With single-lobe jasmine, as stock, bivalve jasmine carries out grafting as scion, obtains jasmine D; With single-lobe jasmine, as stock, many lobes jasmine carries out grafting as scion, obtains jasmine E; Using jasmine D as stock, jasmine E carries out grafting as scion again, after growing up to, obtains jasmine F, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plants more than 1 year or 1 year, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, selects and cultivates.Annual branch is cut into the stem stalk cuttage of 4-8 centimetre, observes its growing state, select that branch is strong, leaf is luxuriant, bloom for the strong many lobes jasmine of fragrance is as many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine new varieties, get final product large-scale planting.
Or directly with many lobes jasmine, as scion, carry out grafting once using jasmine F as stock; obtain the stem stalk cuttage that annual branch is cut into 4-8 centimetre; observe its growing state; selection branch is strong, leaf is luxuriant; bloom for the strong many lobes jasmine of fragrance is as many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine new varieties, get final product large-scale planting.
Embodiment 3
With many lobes jasmine, as stock, single-lobe jasmine carries out grafting as scion, obtains jasmine H; With bivalve jasmine, as stock, many lobes jasmine carries out grafting as scion, obtains jasmine I; Using jasmine H as stock, jasmine I carries out grafting as scion again, obtains jasmine K, after growing up to, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plants more than 1 year or 1 year, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, selects and cultivates.Annual branch is cut into the stem stalk cuttage of 4-8 centimetre, observes its growing state, select that branch is strong, leaf is luxuriant, bloom for the strong many lobes jasmine of fragrance is as many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine new varieties, get final product large-scale planting.
Or directly with many lobes jasmine, as scion, carry out grafting once using jasmine K as stock; obtain the stem stalk cuttage that annual branch is cut into 4-8 centimetre; observe its growing state; selection branch is strong, leaf is luxuriant; bloom for the strong many lobes jasmine of fragrance is as many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine new varieties, get final product large-scale planting.
Embodiment 4
With many lobes jasmine, as stock, single-lobe jasmine carries out grafting as scion, obtains jasmine M; With many lobes jasmine, as stock, single-lobe jasmine carries out grafting as scion, obtains jasmine N; Again MN is carried out mutually to grafting, obtain jasmine O, after growing up to, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, finally by crossing observation plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivate.The annual branch of jasmine is cut into the stem stalk cuttage of 4-8 centimetre, observes its growing state, select that branch is strong, leaf is luxuriant, bloom for the strong many lobes jasmine of fragrance is as many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine new varieties, get final product large-scale planting.
Or jasmine O is directly connect with many lobes jasmine and carries out grafting once as scion as stock; obtain the stem stalk cuttage that annual branch is cut into 4-8 centimetre; observe its growing state; selection branch is strong, leaf is luxuriant; bloom for the strong many lobes jasmine of fragrance is as many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine new varieties, get final product large-scale planting.
Embodiment 5
With many lobes jasmine, as stock, single-lobe jasmine carries out grafting as scion, obtains jasmine X; With many lobes jasmine, as stock, single-lobe jasmine carries out grafting as scion, obtains jasmine Y; Using jasmine Y as stock, with many lobes jasmine, as scion, plant more than 1 year or 1 year again, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivate.The annual branch of jasmine is cut into the stem stalk cuttage of 4-8 centimetre, observes its growing state, select that branch is strong, leaf is luxuriant, bloom for the strong many lobes jasmine of fragrance is as many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine new varieties, get final product large-scale planting.
The management method of many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine new varieties of above-mentioned 5 embodiment, specific as follows:
1, whole ground, should be chosen in soil thickness and be that 25 centimetres above, the soil is porous, drainage and good air permeability, tailo, half light hillside fields section that illumination condition is good be better, is generally 40～100 centimetres, dark 30～50 centimetres if plot is strip soil preparation bandwidth; Belt length is determined according to landform, should retain at a certain distance 50～100 centimetres of natural vegetations, if plot is block (cave is cultivated), regular size has: 40 40 centimetres of cm x 40 cm x, 50 50 centimetres of cm x 50 cm x, centered by kind of plant hole, remove shrubbery and the weeds of surrounding, cleaning scope is determined according to the size of whole ground specification; Gesture forms terraced fields near the mountain.
2, cuttage and seedling culture can carry out cuttage with trunk last year that many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine that cultivate grows to chopsticks size in the 3-4 month, waits to survive to grow 5 centimetres of left and right and can transplant.
3, nursery stock is processed: the branch part fibrous root after cutting survival is cut off, will during slurry root, can add appropriate peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers with fertile pond sludge or stream mud slurry root simultaneously, slurry root is the key that improves survival rate.
4, plantation, after completing, just can directly plant, banded ground can become ridge row to plant wholely, block ground can single or many, base area block size is planted, and before plantation, first digs pit, and the degree of depth is digged pit suitably than the dark 2-10 centimetre in Plain in mountain region, mainly that mountain soil is few, arid, appropriate depth is digged pit and can be made nursery stock take root deeply, drought-enduring; After digging pit, in hole, add appropriate farmyard manure or composite fertilizer as base manure, notice that the root of seedling does not directly contact fertilizer, cover one deck soil after can putting into fertilizer, then plant jasmine flower seedling.
5, pruner cuts down, and reasonably beta pruning is one of important measures of Jasmine volume increase.Jasmine flower shears cuts down and mainly contains the winter and cut down, and stays branch more as far as possible, and northern beta pruning form is low cutting suitably, retains 8～12 centimetres of base portions.Cutting while cutting down stays vigorous branches to remove weak branch, sick branch.If in south, the suitable height of beta pruning form is cut, and before germinateing the general Spring Festival, cuts, and retains 10～15 centimetres of base portions, makes to occur most thick new branches, as very prosperous in New shoot growth, should pinching when growth reaches 15 centimetres, inspire the secondary tip, and to bloom more, output is high.Attention: pruning should be carried out at fine day, can remove disease branch, and can be adjusted plant in conjunction with thin leaf, and advantageously grow and pregnant flower bud bloom.
6, field management, management after planting, in time trickle, apply fertilizer and loosen the soil, after planting, soil drought will be irrigated trickle in time; If there is ponding, answer smooth low-lying place or trench digging to drain the water away.In conjunction with weeding, loosen the soil, keep soil from packing together, strengthen soil permeability.New talent germinates and to open after leaf, drench execute liquid dung or 0.5% urea solution once, later according to growing state, dressing fertilizer 1 ~ 2 time.Fertilizing amount is every 667 m
2execute urea 5 kg-10 kgHuo composite fertilizer 10 kg-15 kg.Find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time.The plant of reseeding will be strengthened management.The fertilizer that Jasmine of the present invention is used, mainly contains: organic manure, inorganic fertilizer, mixed organic manure, inorganic composite mixed fertilizer, trace element fertilizer and foliage fertilizer etc.Require nitrogen phosphorus potassium compounding application, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P
2o
5), potassium (K
2o) ratio is 2: 1: 1.
7, the extermination of disease and insect pest, jasmine often has snout moth larva and scale insect, two spotted spider mite to cause harm, the most serious with July to September, often eats into anthophagy flower bud, 1200 times of liquid of propargite of available 73% spray, or kill chrysanthemum ester and add 200 times, water and spray, every first quarter moon sprays once, damage by disease and insect does not occur and also should spray, accomplish prevention formerly, spraying time was advisable with fine day at 9 o'clock in the morning and at 4 o'clock in afternoon, and noon, burning sun should not spray, and prevented poisoning.
Flower state of the present invention and Jasmine essential oil yield (table 1)
From table 1 finding, the every kg flower of the many lobes jasmine negligible amounts of 5 embodiment gained of the present invention, illustrates that every flower is than single-lobe and bivalve weight, many containing essential oil.
Claims (4)
1. the breeding method of the Jasmine of lobe Luzhou-flavor more than a kind, it is characterized in that: be that single-lobe jasmine, bivalve jasmine and many lobes jasmine are mixed after grafting between two, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration, by after the mutual grafting of the intermediate products after grafting between two, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plant more than 1 year or 1 year again, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivate the final products that obtain many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine.
2. the breeding method of the Jasmine of lobe Luzhou-flavor more than a kind, it is characterized in that: be that single-lobe jasmine, bivalve jasmine and many lobes jasmine are mixed after grafting between two, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, Cultivate administration, using the intermediate products after grafting between two as stock, use again many lobes jasmine after scion grafting, according to the implantation methods of common Jasmine, plantation is more than 1 year or 1 year, through observing plant strain growth and the situation of blooming, select and cultivate the final products that obtain many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine.
3. the breeding method of many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described grafting, adopts cleft graft, bark graft method or bud grafting method.
4. the breeding method of many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine according to claim 1 and 2; it is characterized in that: select and cultivate that the final products that obtain many lobes Luzhou-flavor Jasmine carry out that cuttage, pruner are cut down, field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, carry out large-scale planting.
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