CN111567247B - Velvet crape myrtle high-position grafting seedling method - Google Patents
Velvet crape myrtle high-position grafting seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567247B CN111567247B CN202010439156.5A CN202010439156A CN111567247B CN 111567247 B CN111567247 B CN 111567247B CN 202010439156 A CN202010439156 A CN 202010439156A CN 111567247 B CN111567247 B CN 111567247B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tree asexual breeding methods, and particularly relates to a method for raising seedlings of Lagerstroemia velutina by high-position grafting, which comprises the following steps: selecting and cultivating stock seedlings: selecting a seedling crape myrtle tree which grows well for 25 years as a stock; grafting a natural lagerstroemia indica tree by using velvet lagerstroemia indica scion, and selecting a cultivation base; selection and collection of scions: selecting the developing branches of the crape myrtle saplings as cutting slips, and reserving 2-3 buds for each cutting slip; the upper connector is flat and is 1.3cm away from the apical bud, and the lower connector is flat and is positioned below the internode or below the bud so as to be beneficial to healing; compared with the prior art, the high grafting and seedling method for the crape myrtle velvet provided by the invention has the advantages that the conditions are simple and convenient, the operation is easy, the propagation cost is low, the grafting success rate can be obviously increased, the probability of powdery mildew is reduced, and the quality of the grafted seedlings is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tree asexual breeding methods, and particularly relates to a method for raising seedlings of crape myrtle by high-position grafting velvet.
Background
Lagerstroemia indica (Lagerstroemia indica 'a Pink Veourr') is a new species of Lagerstroemia indica (Lagerstroemia indica) introduced from the United states of America in China, and compared with Lagerstroemia indica (Lagerstroemia indica) in domestic gardens after cultivation in China, the Lagerstroemia indica (Lagerstroemia indica) shows the advantages of strong tree-shaped uprightness (lateral branches grow upwards at 45 degrees), unique leaf color (tender red new leaves and dark green old leaves), noble flower color (rose red flowers), over-long flowering period (south can reach 150-.
The velvet crape myrtle has wide adaptability after being introduced and cultivated in China, can be widely planted in a solitary way or in a cluster way in landscaping, can also be used for manufacturing tree stumps or bonsais, is a good garden tree species for landscaping, colorization and family flower cultivation, and has great market demand. The quality of the velvet crape myrtle can be maintained by adopting asexual propagation, and the methods mainly comprise tissue culture, grafting, cuttage and the like.
For example, the invention patent with the application number of CN201610128977.0, a method for cultivating seedlings of swan velvet crape myrtle by high-position grafting, which has the characteristics of simple and convenient conditions, easy operation, low breeding cost and reduction of the disease probability of powdery mildew;
however, when the scion is sealed with wax in the grafting method, the wax is sealed by paraffin which is fragile and is easy to break or even crush after being stressed, and the melting point of the paraffin is low, so that when the wax is sealed in the grafting interface, the sealing is too close to be attached, the sealing wax is easy to melt under strong sun irradiation, and the sealing wax can permeate into the bud of the scion, and can kill the bud of the scion which starts to sprout, thereby affecting the survival rate of grafting.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-position grafting seedling method of Lagerstroemia indica velvet. The invention mainly provides a method for high-position grafting and seedling raising of crape myrtle velvet, which is used for solving the problems that as paraffin is adopted for sealing wax, the paraffin is brittle and is easy to break or even crush after being stressed, and the melting point of the paraffin is low, so that when the wax is sealed in grafting, the sealing of a grafting interface is too close to be attached, the sealing wax is easy to melt under the strong irradiation of the sun, and the sealing wax can permeate into the buds of the scion, so that the buds of the scion which start to sprout can be killed, and the survival rate of grafting is influenced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a high-position grafting seedling method of swan velvet crape myrtle, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting and cultivating stock seedlings: selecting a bearing lagerstroemia indica tree which grows well for 25 years as a stock, grafting the bearing lagerstroemia indica velvet scion to the bearing lagerstroemia indica tree, and selecting a cultivation base; the method comprises the following steps of selecting an acid nursery land with deep soil, good drainage, flat terrain and sufficient sunshine as a crape myrtle stock cultivation base, wherein the root of a crape myrtle tree is easy to necrotize if the crape myrtle tree grows well in the young period and the grafting is carried out in a moving mode, and the root of the crape myrtle tree growing well in 25 years is completely unfolded, so that the survival rate of the crape myrtle tree after grafting can be greatly improved by grafting, and meanwhile, the cultivation base can provide enough nutrient substances for the root of the crape myrtle tree just after grafting is finished, so that the survival rate of the crape myrtle tree after grafting is greatly improved;
s2: selection and collection of scions: selection and collection of scions: selecting the developing branches of the crape myrtle saplings as cutting slips, and reserving 2-3 buds for each cutting slip; the upper connector is a flat opening, the distance from the upper connector to the terminal bud is 1.3cm, a smooth cut with one inch of length is cut on the lower end of the scion with a xylem slightly, a short inclined plane is cut on the opposite side of the cut, the length of the short inclined plane is about 1/3-1/4 of the opposite side cut plane, and the lower end of the scion is in a flat wedge shape; the upper and lower interfaces are set to be flat-opening and mainly used for maximizing the contact area of the cuts of the lagerstroemia indica tree and the stock, so that the transmission of moisture and nutrient substances between the lagerstroemia indica tree and the stock is maximized, the lagerstroemia indica tree can still obtain enough nutrition after the grafting is completed, and the survival rate is guaranteed.
S3: pretreatment before grafting: performing wax sealing treatment on the scion before grafting, performing heat preservation and moisture preservation treatment on a wax sealing position through a heat preservation film after the scion is wax sealed, and forming micropores in the heat preservation film and the wax sealing position of the scion; then storing for later use, and carrying out stock cutting and stock breaking treatment on the stock; the scions are subjected to wax sealing treatment, and then the wax sealing position is sleeved with a heat insulation film, so that the moisture preservation and heat insulation capacity of the scions can be improved, and the storage time of the scions is prolonged; meanwhile, the micropores are formed in the heat-insulating film, so that after the scions are sealed by wax in microcrystalline wax at about 100 ℃, due to short time, the interior of the scions are not scalded, but the temperature outside the surface of the scions is very high, if the scions sealed by the wax are stacked together or placed in a basket, the heat cannot be dissipated, the high temperature can influence the interior of the scions, and even scald of scion phloem is formed to influence the grafting survival rate.
S4: grafting: selecting 3 branches with different directions and smooth branch epithelium before grafting, performing grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, aligning the forming layers of the stock and the scion, tightening the connector and sealing the scion in a plastic film bagging mode after aligning, then avoiding direct sunlight, preserving moisture and shading; tighten the interface of grafting through plastic film cover bag for produce certain gap between grafting kneck and the plastic bag, prevent that the grafting kneck from sealing up too closely laminating, shine at the sun is strong, seal the wax and melt very easily, and can ooze in the bud of scion, can kill the scion bud that begins to sprout, make the bud normally germinate, arouse the grafting failure.
S5: and (3) management after grafting: checking the survival rate 2 weeks after grafting, if the skin of the scion is green, buds germinate, and a wax layer falls off, the scion survives, determining the binding according to the healing condition of a wound 3 weeks later, timely cutting off the newly-sprouted buds on the stock, pinching semi-lignified young shoots, and binding the young shoots and the support columns together when the young shoots grow to 26cm in order to prevent the young shoots from being blown off by wind; the method is mainly used for ensuring sufficient nutrition and moisture delivery of the grafting section, and the newly-extracted sprouts can be extracted most of moisture and nutrition when passing through the grafting section, so that the survival rate after grafting is undoubtedly and greatly reduced.
Preferably, the wax sealing adopts microcrystalline wax, the scion is firstly cut into single-bud or double-bud stem sections, the microcrystalline wax is put in a liquefaction container to be melted, the wax is dipped at two ends of the scion when the temperature of the microcrystalline wax is raised to 100 ℃, and the wax layer is preferably thin and transparent; the microcrystalline wax is a refined synthetic wax with similar microcrystalline property, has the characteristics of good gloss, high melting point and light color, has a compact, firm and smooth structure, and can effectively prevent the phenomenon that the existing microcrystalline wax is melted due to overhigh illumination temperature so as to influence the high-efficiency survival of the scions; melt microcrystalline wax through the liquefaction container, the heating plate that sets up in the liquefaction container can improve the liquefaction container and carry out the quick operation of melting to high melting point microcrystalline wax, avoids microcrystalline wax to melt for liquid because the structure closely takes place the phenomenon of condensing once more.
Preferably, a microcrystalline wax layer is coated in the plastic film sleeve bag in the step S4, and moisture is contained in the microcrystalline wax layer; the microcrystalline wax structure is inseparable, and is firm and smooth, and microcrystalline wax generally comprises finer acicular or granular crystallization, and then the microcrystalline wax layer of paining in the plastic film cover bag can improve the wound sealing effect to the grafting interface, and then prevents that the wound moisture loss of grafting department is too fast because the high temperature leads to, has influenced the survival rate of grafting.
Preferably, branches, weeds and impurities around the growing rootstock are removed to facilitate grafting, water is smeared on the incision of the rootstock through a smearing brush, and grafting is carried out along with cutting; the S3 interrupted anvil process is: cutting off the stock before cleft grafting at a position 260cm away from the ground; the grafting time in the S4 is 3 ten days of the month; the water is smeared on the incision by the smearing brush, so that the influence on the survival rate of grafting due to too little water at the incision can be effectively prevented; meanwhile, when the notches are prevented from being sprayed with water in a spraying mode, the grafting notches generate rotten phenomena due to excessive water caused by the sleeve connection of the plastic film bags, and the grafting survival rate is further influenced.
Preferably, the liquefaction container comprises a main frame body, a motor, a feeding port, a heating furnace, a stirring rod and a heat preservation ring; the upper end of the main frame body is fixedly provided with a motor; a feeding port is formed in the left side of the motor; the feeding port is fixedly arranged on the upper wall of the left end of the main frame body, and the lower end of the feeding port is opposite to the heating furnace; the lower end of the heating furnace is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the interior of the main frame body through a bearing, a heating sheet is fixedly arranged in the heating furnace, the interior of the heating furnace is rotatably connected with a stirring rod, and a heat-insulating ring is arranged on the outer side of the heating furnace; the heat-insulating ring is fixedly pressed on the inner wall of the main frame body; when needs melt microcrystalline wax, can put into the inside heating furnace of main frame body through the pan feeding mouth with microcrystalline wax, and starter motor, when motor start, can drive the puddler rotation of its lower extreme, heat the heating plate when the puddler rotates after that, even make the heating furnace begin to generate heat and melt microcrystalline wax, and along with the rotation of puddler, because of there is certain frictional force in the switching through microcrystalline wax piece between puddler and the heating furnace, even can drive the heating furnace and do slow rotating when the puddler rotates, the microcrystalline wax after finally melting in the heating furnace is in different velocity of flow states promptly, two strand of microcrystalline wax liquid of different velocity of flow can impact each other promptly, even make microcrystalline wax liquid be in the motion state constantly, avoid microcrystalline wax to melt to condense once more after the liquid.
Preferably, the left side and the right side of the lower end wall of the stirring rod are uniformly and fixedly provided with stirring rings; the outer surface of the heating sheet is in rotary contact with an auxiliary wheel; the auxiliary driving wheel is rotatably arranged in the inner end wall of the heat-insulating ring; when the heating furnace is in a rotating state, because the left side and the right side of the lower end wall of the stirring rod are uniformly and fixedly provided with the stirring rings, the outer surface of the heating sheet is in rotating contact with the auxiliary driving wheel which is rotatably arranged in the inner end wall of the heat-insulating ring, therefore, when the heating furnace rotates, the auxiliary wheel rotates on the outer surface of the heating sheet, namely, the heat is transferred to the outer heat-insulating ring along with the rotation, namely, the heating furnace is coated with a thermal cladding layer on the outer side, the heating furnace can be continuously insulated when the motor stops rotating, the phenomenon that the use of microcrystalline wax is delayed due to the solidification of liquid is avoided, meanwhile, the stirring ring can stir the microcrystalline wax liquid when rotating along with the stirring rod, and the microcrystalline wax liquid can be scraped outwards to the maximum extent when passing through the stirring ring, namely, the microcrystalline wax liquid is always in a high-intensity motion state, and the solidification of the microcrystalline wax liquid is further delayed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the scion is subjected to wax sealing treatment, and then the wax sealing position is sleeved with the heat insulation film, so that the moisture preservation and heat insulation capability of the scion can be improved, and the storage time of the scion is prolonged; meanwhile, the micropores are formed in the heat-insulating film, so that after the scions are sealed by wax in paraffin at about 100 ℃, due to short time, the interior of the scions are not scalded, but the temperature outside the surface of the scions is very high, if the scions sealed by the wax are stacked together or placed in a basket, the heat cannot be dissipated, the high temperature can influence the interior of the scions, and even scald of scion phloem is formed to influence the grafting survival rate.
2. The microcrystalline wax adopted by the invention is a refined synthetic wax with similar microcrystalline property, has the characteristics of good gloss, high melting point and light color, has a compact, firm and smooth structure, and can effectively prevent the phenomenon that the existing microcrystalline wax is melted due to overhigh illumination temperature so as to influence the high-efficiency survival of the scion; the microcrystalline wax is melted through the liquefaction container, the heating sheet arranged in the liquefaction container can improve the rapid melting operation of the microcrystalline wax with high melting point by the liquefaction container, and the phenomenon that the microcrystalline wax is melted into liquid and is condensed again due to the compact structure is avoided
3. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, when the microcrystalline wax needs to be melted, the microcrystalline wax can be placed into the heating furnace in the main frame body through the feeding port, the motor is started, the stirring rod at the lower end of the motor is driven to rotate when the motor is started, the heating sheet is heated when the stirring rod rotates, namely, the heating furnace starts to generate heat to melt the microcrystalline wax, and certain friction force exists between the stirring rod and the heating furnace through the transfer of the microcrystalline wax block along with the rotation of the stirring rod, namely, the heating furnace is driven to rotate at a slow speed when the stirring rod rotates, namely, the microcrystalline wax melted in the heating furnace is in different flow velocity states finally, namely, two microcrystalline wax liquids with different flow velocities impact each other, namely, the microcrystalline wax liquid is in a motion state constantly, and the microcrystalline wax is prevented from being condensed again after being melted into liquid.
4. Through the technical scheme provided by the invention, when the heating furnace is in a rotating state, the left side and the right side of the lower end wall of the stirring rod are uniformly and fixedly provided with the stirring rings, the outer surface of the heating sheet is in rotating contact with the auxiliary wheel which is rotatably arranged in the inner end wall of the heat preservation ring, so that the auxiliary wheel can rotate on the outer surface of the heating sheet when the heating furnace rotates, namely, the heat can be transferred into the heat preservation ring on the outer side along with the rotation, namely, the outer side of the heating furnace is coated with a heat coating layer, the heating furnace can be continuously preserved heat when a motor stops rotating, the microcrystalline wax liquid is prevented from being solidified and delayed in use, meanwhile, the stirring rings can stir the microcrystalline wax liquid along with the rotation of the stirring rod, and the microcrystalline wax liquid can be scraped to the outside to the greatest extent when passing through the stirring rings, namely, the microcrystalline wax liquid is always in a high-strength moving state, further retarding the solidification of the microcrystalline wax liquid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the method steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a liquefaction vessel according to the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a main frame body 1, a motor 2, a feeding port 3, a heating furnace 4, a stirring rod 5, a heat preservation ring 6, a heating sheet 7, a stirring ring 8 and an auxiliary driving wheel 9.
Detailed Description
A method for growing seedlings of swan-velvet crape myrtle by high-position grafting according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the method for cultivating seedlings of crape myrtle by grafting at high position comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting and cultivating stock seedlings: selecting a bearing lagerstroemia indica tree which grows well for 25 years as a stock, grafting the bearing lagerstroemia indica velvet scion to the bearing lagerstroemia indica tree, and selecting a cultivation base; the method comprises the following steps of selecting an acid nursery land with deep soil, good drainage, flat terrain and sufficient sunshine as a crape myrtle stock cultivation base, wherein the root of a crape myrtle tree is easy to necrotize if the crape myrtle tree grows well in the young period and the grafting is carried out in a moving mode, and the root of the crape myrtle tree growing well in 25 years is completely unfolded, so that the survival rate of the crape myrtle tree after grafting can be greatly improved by grafting, and meanwhile, the cultivation base can provide enough nutrient substances for the root of the crape myrtle tree just after grafting is finished, so that the survival rate of the crape myrtle tree after grafting is greatly improved;
s2: selection and collection of scions: selecting the developing branches of the crape myrtle saplings as cutting slips, and reserving 2-3 buds for each cutting slip; the upper connector is a flat opening, the distance from the upper connector to the terminal bud is 1.3cm, a smooth cut with one inch of length is cut on the lower end of the scion with a xylem slightly, a short inclined plane is cut on the opposite side of the cut, the length of the short inclined plane is about 1/3-1/4 of the opposite side cut plane, and the lower end of the scion is in a flat wedge shape; the upper and lower interfaces are set to be flat-opening and mainly used for maximizing the contact area of the cuts of the lagerstroemia indica tree and the stock, so that the transmission of moisture and nutrient substances between the lagerstroemia indica tree and the stock is maximized, the lagerstroemia indica tree can still obtain enough nutrition after the grafting is completed, and the survival rate is guaranteed.
S3: pretreatment before grafting: performing wax sealing treatment on the scion before grafting, performing heat preservation and moisture preservation treatment on a wax sealing position through a heat preservation film after the scion is wax sealed, and forming micropores in the heat preservation film and the wax sealing position of the scion; then storing for later use, and carrying out stock cutting and stock breaking treatment on the stock; the scions are subjected to wax sealing treatment, and then the wax sealing position is sleeved with a heat insulation film, so that the moisture preservation and heat insulation capacity of the scions can be improved, and the storage time of the scions is prolonged; meanwhile, the micropores are formed in the heat-insulating film, so that after the scions are sealed by wax in microcrystalline wax at about 100 ℃, due to short time, the interior of the scions are not scalded, but the temperature outside the surface of the scions is very high, if the scions sealed by the wax are stacked together or placed in a basket, the heat cannot be dissipated, the high temperature can influence the interior of the scions, and even scald of scion phloem is formed to influence the grafting survival rate.
S4: grafting: selecting 3 branches with different directions and smooth branch epithelium before grafting, performing grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, aligning the forming layers of the stock and the scion, tightening the connector and sealing the scion in a plastic film bagging mode after aligning, then avoiding direct sunlight, preserving moisture and shading; tighten the interface of grafting through plastic film cover bag for produce certain gap between grafting kneck and the plastic bag, prevent that the grafting kneck from sealing up too closely laminating, shine at the sun is strong, seal the wax and melt very easily, and can ooze in the bud of scion, can kill the scion bud that begins to sprout, make the bud normally germinate, arouse the grafting failure.
S5: and (3) management after grafting: checking the survival rate 2 weeks after grafting, if the skin of the scion is green, buds germinate, and a wax layer falls off, the scion survives, determining the binding according to the healing condition of a wound 3 weeks later, timely cutting off the newly-sprouted buds on the stock, pinching semi-lignified young shoots, and binding the young shoots and the support columns together when the young shoots grow to 26cm in order to prevent the young shoots from being blown off by wind; the method is mainly used for ensuring sufficient nutrition and moisture delivery of the grafting section, and the newly-extracted sprouts can be extracted most of moisture and nutrition when passing through the grafting section, so that the survival rate after grafting is undoubtedly and greatly reduced.
As an embodiment of the invention, the wax sealing adopts microcrystalline wax, the scion is firstly cut into single-bud or double-bud stem sections, the microcrystalline wax is put in a liquefaction container to be melted, the wax is dipped at two ends of the scion when the temperature of the microcrystalline wax is raised to 100 ℃, and the wax layer is preferably thin and transparent; the microcrystalline wax is a refined synthetic wax with similar microcrystalline property, has the characteristics of good gloss, high melting point and light color, has a compact, firm and smooth structure, and can effectively prevent the phenomenon that the existing microcrystalline wax is melted due to overhigh illumination temperature so as to influence the high-efficiency survival of the scions; melt microcrystalline wax through the liquefaction container, the heating plate that sets up in the liquefaction container can improve the liquefaction container and carry out the quick operation of melting to high melting point microcrystalline wax, avoids microcrystalline wax to melt for liquid because the structure closely takes place the phenomenon of condensing once more.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a microcrystalline wax layer is coated in the plastic film pouch in S4, and moisture is contained in the microcrystalline wax layer; the microcrystalline wax structure is inseparable, and is firm and smooth, and microcrystalline wax generally comprises finer acicular or granular crystallization, and then the microcrystalline wax layer of paining in the plastic film cover bag can improve the wound sealing effect to the grafting interface, and then prevents that the wound moisture loss of grafting department is too fast because the high temperature leads to, has influenced the survival rate of grafting.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the anvil cutting process in S3 is: removing branches, weeds and sundries around the growth of the stock to facilitate grafting, draining water, not draining water within 5 days after grafting, and cutting the stock according to the time schedule, wherein the stock is cut according to the amount of the stock to be used and the stock is cut along with the grafting; the S3 interrupted anvil process is: cutting off the stock before cleft grafting at a position 260cm away from the ground; and in S4, the grafting time is 3 ten days of the month.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the liquefaction vessel includes a main frame 1, a motor 2, a material inlet 3, a heating furnace 4, a stirring rod 5, and a heat-insulating ring 6; the upper end of the main frame body 1 is fixedly provided with a motor 2; a feeding port 3 is formed in the left side of the motor 2; the feeding port 3 is fixedly arranged on the upper wall of the left end of the main frame body 1, and the lower end of the feeding port 3 is opposite to the heating furnace 4; the lower end of the heating furnace 4 is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the interior of the main frame body 1 through a bearing, a heating sheet 7 is fixedly arranged in the heating furnace 4, the interior of the heating furnace 4 is rotatably connected with a stirring rod 5, and a heat-insulating ring 6 is arranged on the outer side of the heating furnace 4; the heat preservation ring 6 is fixedly pressed on the inner wall of the main frame body 1; when needs melt microcrystalline wax, can put into main frame 1 inside heating furnace 4 through pan feeding mouth 3 with microcrystalline wax, and starter motor 2, when motor 2 starts, can drive the puddler 5 rotation of its lower extreme, heat heating plate 7 when puddler 5 rotates next, even make heating furnace 4 begin to generate heat and melt microcrystalline wax, and along with the rotation of puddler 5, because of there is certain frictional force in the switching of passing through microcrystalline wax piece between puddler 5 and the heating furnace 4, even can drive heating furnace 4 when puddler 5 rotates and do slow rotation, microcrystalline wax after finally melting in heating furnace 4 is in different velocity of flow states, microcrystalline wax liquid of two different velocity of flow promptly can strike each other, even get microcrystalline wax liquid and be in the motion state constantly, avoid microcrystalline wax to melt to condense once more after the liquid.
As an embodiment of the invention, the left side and the right side of the lower end wall of the stirring rod 5 are uniformly and fixedly provided with stirring rings 8; the outer surface of the heating sheet 7 is in rotary contact with an auxiliary wheel 9; the auxiliary driving wheel 9 is rotatably arranged in the inner end wall of the heat preservation ring 6; when the heating furnace 4 is in a rotating state, the left side and the right side of the lower end wall of the stirring rod 5 are uniformly and fixedly provided with the stirring rings 8, the outer surface of the heating sheet 7 is in rotating contact with the auxiliary wheel 9, and the auxiliary wheel 9 is rotatably arranged in the inner end wall of the heat preservation ring 6, so that the auxiliary wheel 9 can rotate on the outer surface of the heating sheet 7 when the heating furnace 4 rotates, namely, heat can be transferred into the heat preservation ring 6 on the outer side along with the rotation, namely, the outer side of the heating furnace 4 is coated with a heat coating layer, the heating furnace 4 can be continuously preserved heat when the motor 2 stops rotating, the delayed use of the microcrystalline wax liquid due to solidification is avoided, meanwhile, the stirring rings 8 can stir the microcrystalline wax liquid along with the rotation of the stirring rod 5, the microcrystalline wax liquid can be scraped to the outside to the greatest extent when passing through the stirring rings 8, even if the microcrystalline wax liquid is in a high-strength moving state all the time, further retarding the solidification of the microcrystalline wax liquid.
The specific working process is as follows:
when the microcrystalline wax needs to be melted, the microcrystalline wax can be placed into a heating furnace 4 in a main frame body 1 through a feeding port 3, a motor 2 is started, when the motor 2 is started, a stirring rod 5 at the lower end of the motor can be driven to rotate, when the stirring rod 5 rotates, a heating sheet 7 is heated, the heating furnace 4 starts to generate heat to melt the microcrystalline wax, and along with the rotation of the stirring rod 5, a certain friction force exists between the stirring rod 5 and the heating furnace 4 through the transfer of a microcrystalline wax block, even if the heating furnace 4 is driven to rotate at a slow speed when the stirring rod 5 rotates, namely, the melted microcrystalline wax in the heating furnace 4 is in different flow speed states finally, namely, the microcrystalline wax liquids with different flow speeds can impact each other, namely, the microcrystalline wax liquid is in a motion state constantly, the microcrystalline wax is prevented from being condensed again after being melted into liquid, when the heating furnace 4 is in a rotation state, because the left side and the right side of the lower end wall of the stirring rod 5 are uniformly and fixedly provided with the stirring rings 8, the outer surface of the heating plate 7 is in rotary contact with the auxiliary wheel 9, the auxiliary wheel 9 is rotatably arranged in the inner end wall of the heat-insulating ring 6, therefore, when the heating furnace 4 rotates, the auxiliary wheel 9 rotates on the outer surface of the heating sheet 7, namely, the heat is transferred to the outer heat-preserving ring 6 along with the rotation, namely, the heating furnace 4 is coated with a thermal cladding layer, the heating furnace 4 can be continuously insulated when the motor 2 stops rotating, the delay of using the microcrystalline wax liquid due to solidification is avoided, meanwhile, the stirring ring 8 can stir the microcrystalline wax liquid when rotating along with the stirring rod 5, and the microcrystalline wax liquid can be scraped to the outside to the greatest extent when passing through the stirring ring 8, namely, the microcrystalline wax liquid is always in a high-intensity motion state, and the solidification of the microcrystalline wax liquid is further delayed.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A high-position grafting seedling method for Lagerstroemia indica velvet comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting and cultivating stock seedlings: selecting a bearing lagerstroemia indica tree which grows well for 25 years as a stock, grafting the bearing lagerstroemia indica velvet scion to the bearing lagerstroemia indica tree, and selecting a cultivation base;
s2: selection and collection of scions: selecting the developing branches of the crape myrtle saplings as cutting slips, and reserving 2-3 buds for each cutting slip; the upper connector is a flat opening, the distance from the upper connector to the terminal bud is 1.3cm, a smooth cut with one inch of length is cut on the lower end of the scion with a xylem slightly, a short inclined plane is cut on the opposite side of the cut, the length of the cut is 1/3-1/4 of the opposite side cut surface, and the lower end of the scion is in a flat wedge shape;
s3: pretreatment before grafting: wax sealing treatment is carried out on the scions before grafting; then storing for later use, and carrying out stock cutting and stock breaking treatment on the stock;
s4: grafting: selecting 3 branches with different directions and smooth branch epithelium before grafting, performing grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, aligning the forming layers of the stock and the scion, tightening the connector and sealing the scion in a plastic film bagging mode after aligning, then avoiding direct sunlight, preserving moisture and shading;
s5: and (3) management after grafting: checking the survival rate 2 weeks after grafting, if the skin of the scion is green, buds germinate, and a wax layer falls off, the scion survives, determining the binding according to the healing condition of a wound 3 weeks later, timely cutting off the newly-sprouted buds on the stock, pinching semi-lignified young shoots, and binding the young shoots and the support columns together when the young shoots grow to 26cm in order to prevent the young shoots from being blown off by wind; the method is characterized in that:
in the step S3, after the wax sealing treatment of the scion is finished, the wax sealing position is subjected to heat preservation and moisture preservation treatment through a heat preservation film, and micropores are formed in the heat preservation film and the wax sealing position of the scion;
in the step S4, a microcrystalline wax layer is coated in the plastic film sleeve bag, and moisture is contained in the microcrystalline wax layer;
the wax sealing adopts microcrystalline wax, the scion is firstly cut into single-bud or double-bud stem sections, the microcrystalline wax is put in a liquefaction container to be melted, the wax is dipped at two ends of the scion when the temperature of the microcrystalline wax is raised to 100 ℃, and the wax layer is preferably thin and transparent;
the liquefaction container comprises a main frame body (1), a motor (2), a feeding port (3), a heating furnace (4), a stirring rod (5) and a heat-preservation ring (6); the upper end of the main frame body (1) is fixedly provided with a motor (2); a feeding port (3) is formed in the left side of the motor (2); the feeding port (3) is fixedly arranged on the upper wall of the left end of the main frame body (1), and the lower end of the feeding port (3) is opposite to the heating furnace (4); the lower end of the heating furnace (4) is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the interior of the main frame body (1) through a bearing, a heating sheet (7) is fixedly arranged in the heating furnace (4), the interior of the heating furnace (4) is rotatably connected with a stirring rod (5), and a heat-insulating ring (6) is arranged on the outer side of the heating furnace (4); the heat preservation ring (6) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the main frame body (1).
2. The method for high-position grafting seedling raising of crape myrtle velvet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the anvil cutting process in the step S3 is as follows: removing branches, weeds and impurities around the growing rootstock so as to facilitate grafting, smearing water on the incision of the rootstock through a smearing brush, and cutting along with grafting; the S3 interrupted anvil process is: cutting off the stock before cleft grafting at a position 260cm away from the ground; and in S4, the grafting time is 3 ten days of the month.
3. The method for high-position grafting seedling raising of crape myrtle velvet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the left side and the right side of the lower end wall of the stirring rod (5) are uniformly and fixedly provided with stirring rings (8); the outer surface of the heating sheet (7) is in rotary contact with an auxiliary wheel (9); the auxiliary wheel (9) is rotatably arranged in the inner end wall of the heat preservation ring (6).
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