CN110337924B - Cuttage rapid propagation method for fine variety of populus euphratica - Google Patents
Cuttage rapid propagation method for fine variety of populus euphratica Download PDFInfo
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- CN110337924B CN110337924B CN201910609053.6A CN201910609053A CN110337924B CN 110337924 B CN110337924 B CN 110337924B CN 201910609053 A CN201910609053 A CN 201910609053A CN 110337924 B CN110337924 B CN 110337924B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
- A01G9/222—Lamellar or like blinds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/28—Raised beds; Planting beds; Edging elements for beds, lawn or the like, e.g. tiles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a cuttage and rapid propagation method of improved varieties of populus euphratica, which comprises the following steps of 100, collecting and preprocessing cuttings; 200, performing container-temperature control cutting seedling raising on the cuttings, building a seedbed, cutting the pretreated cuttings in a nutrition bag, and respectively controlling the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed within a specified range; 300, transplanting the field and establishing a cutting orchard; the nutrient soil in the nutrient bag provides necessary nutrient substances for the growth of cuttings, the water storage sponge at the bottom of the nutrient bag permeates rooting liquid into the nutrient soil to promote the rooting of plants, the temperature and the humidity of a seedbed are regulated and controlled by a temperature control system and a sprinkling irrigation device, the temperature and the humidity are increased to be suitable for the growth environment of beneficial microorganisms in the soil in the early stage, the propagation of the beneficial microorganisms is accelerated, the growth of the cuttings is accelerated by metabolic products of the microorganisms, the advantages of beneficial flora are improved, the aim of controlling the bacteria by the bacteria is fulfilled, the cuttings diseases are reduced, and the cutting survival rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a cutting rapid propagation method of fine varieties of populus euphratica.
Background
Populus diversifolia, also known as Populus tremula. Has the characteristics of drought and waterlogging tolerance, heat and cold resistance, sand and wind resistance, saline and alkaline resistance, barren resistance and the like, and is the most original and oldest tree species in poplars. Populus diversifolia is an important windproof tree species in desert regions due to the characteristics of the populus diversifolia, and is a preferable tree species for main afforestation under extremely severe natural conditions such as desert, saline-alkali soil and the like. Meanwhile, the populus diversifolia has extremely high ornamental value because the leaves of the populus diversifolia turn yellow in autumn and have long duration, but the cuttings are difficult to survive because the populus diversifolia is mainly propagated by seeds, and the populus diversifolia seeds easily lose water and lose germination capacity, so that the propagation speed of the populus diversifolia is relatively low. Populus tremula, also known as Nanjing poplar, populus tremula, populus euphratica and populus tremula. The tree is a tree species for wind prevention, sand fixation, dike protection, soil fixation, greening and appreciation, is also one of main tree species of northeast and northwest protection forests and timber forests, but has low saline-alkali resistance.
Therefore, in the prior art, populus euphratica is used as a male parent, and populus treratica is used as a female parent to carry out hybridization to produce a fine breed of populus treratica, which has the characteristics of salt and alkali resistance compared with the female parent and easier propagation compared with the male parent, and is a promising tree species for saline-alkali soil afforestation in arid regions. The excellent hereditary characters of the parents are kept by measuring the stress resistance of the male parent and the female parent.
At present, seed propagation and branch cuttage are two common seedling raising modes, wherein the seed propagation is convenient for seeding, a large number of seedlings can be obtained, the propagation period is long, the variation is easy, the root systems of the seedlings are not good for cuttage, the branch cuttage is complex in operation, the growth is rapid, the seedling raising time is short, and meanwhile, the variety characteristics can be kept; therefore, the small populus diversifolia-No. 2 generally adopts branch cuttage as a main seedling raising mode, but the cutting rooting time is long in the cutting propagation process, and the survival rate is relatively low.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the cutting rapid propagation method for the improved variety of the small populus diversifolia provided by the embodiment of the invention is regulated and controlled in an autonomous temperature and humidity control mode, so that the problems of single regulation and control mechanism and low precision of a greenhouse in the prior art are solved, and the root of a cutting is protected, so that the survival rate is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following:
a cutting rapid propagation method of improved varieties of populus euphratica comprises the following steps:
step 100, collection and pretreatment of cuttings;
200, performing container-temperature control cutting seedling raising on the cuttings, building a seedbed, cutting the pretreated cuttings in a nutrition bag, and respectively controlling the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed within a specified range;
and 300, transplanting the field and establishing a cutting orchard.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 100:
the cutting collection principle is that a robust annual branch growing at the middle upper part of a tree body of a mother tree is collected, the branch is cut into branches with the length of 10-15cm and the diameter of 0.3-0.7cm to serve as cuttings, each cutting is provided with 3-4 plump buds, the upper cut is smooth, and at least one plump bud is arranged at a position 1cm away from the top end;
the pretreatment step is to soak the raw materials for 6 hours by using ABT1# with the concentration of 100 ppm.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, in step 200, three sides of the seedbed are wall bodies, the other two sides are provided with a shading net and plastic cloth for shading and heat preservation, and the top and the inside of the seedbed are respectively provided with a spray irrigation system and a temperature control system.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the seedbed is divided into a plurality of independent block areas, the temperature control system is arranged in each independent block area, the temperature control system comprises a heat-preservation sand layer, a temperature-control electric heating layer and a seedling-raising sand layer which are sequentially paved from top to bottom, and a plurality of nutrition bags for cutting the cuttings are densely arranged on the seedling-raising sand layer.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the nutrient soil is filled in the nutrient bags, the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, clay and organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1, and is filled in the bags after being sprayed and disinfected by 0.3% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, the nutrient bags are transparent plastic bags with the caliber of 6cm and the height of 15cm, and the bottom of each nutrient bag is provided with a plurality of ventilation and drainage holes.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, an annular water storage sponge is placed at the position of the nutrition bag corresponding to the ventilation and drainage hole, and the water storage sponge is treated before cuttage, wherein the treatment comprises the following specific steps:
soaking the water storage sponge in the rooting solution for 1-2 hours, and fixing an external catheter on the inner side of the water storage sponge;
and (3) after soaking the rooting solution, blowing air to the inner side of the water storage sponge and drying until the water content is lower than 20%, and then dropwise adding an inactivating agent onto the water storage sponge.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the specific steps of the nurturing management in step 200 are as follows:
step 201, adjusting the heating power of a temperature control electric heating layer in a temperature control system to ensure that the temperature of a seedbed is 25-27 ℃, the temperature of a seedling raising sand layer is 22-25 ℃, and the day and night temperature difference is 2 ℃;
step 202, spraying water once every 3-5 days through a sprinkling irrigation system, and watering once every 10 days, maintaining the humidity in the seedbed to be 44% -56%, and supplementing water by taking the nutrition bag as a standard after the nursery stock survives.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the temperature control electric heating layer comprises electric heating wires which are arranged at equal intervals and a temperature control instrument connected with the electric heating wires, the interval of the electric heating wires is 5cm, and the thickness of the seedling raising sand layer and the thickness of the heat preservation sand layer are both 5 cm.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the specific manner of temperature and humidity adjustment is as follows:
closing the temperature and humidity feedback mechanism, and manually adjusting the temperature and humidity;
taking the cutting as the circle center of the same circle, gradually raising the temperature of the seedling sand layer from inside to outside and the humidity to 28-40 ℃ in an annular shape, keeping the humidity at more than 60%, and keeping the state for 1-3 days;
and reducing the temperature and humidity of the seedling raising sand layer, respectively recovering the temperature to 22-25 ℃ and the humidity to 44% -56%, and starting a temperature and humidity feedback mechanism to perform automatic adjustment.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 300, the specific steps of transplanting the field and establishing the cutting orchard are as follows:
301, lifting seedlings together with the nutrition bags and directly transplanting the seedlings to a field;
step 302, continuously picking and cutting the cuttings transplanted to the field;
step 303, repeating step 302 to enlarge the quantity of good seedlings and establish a cutting orchard
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, the cutting is inserted in the nutrition bag, the nutrition soil in the nutrition bag provides necessary nutrient substances for the growth of the cutting, the rooting liquid permeates into the nutrition soil through the water storage sponge at the bottom of the nutrition bag to promote the rooting of the plant, the rooting time is reduced, the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed are regulated and controlled through the temperature control system and the sprinkling irrigation device, the temperature is increased to the growth-adaptive environment of beneficial microorganisms in the soil in the early stage, the propagation of the beneficial microorganisms is accelerated, the growth of the cutting is accelerated through the metabolic products of the microorganisms, the advantages of beneficial flora are improved at the same time, the aim of controlling the bacteria with the bacteria is realized, the cutting diseases are reduced, and the cutting survival rate of the improved variety of the small populus euphratica.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cuttage rapid propagation process in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic structural view of a showerhead assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-seedling raising greenhouse; 2-independent block area; 3-insulating sand bed; 4-temperature control electric heating layer; 5-seedling sand bed; 6-nutrition bag; 7-a water collecting pipe; 8-a connecting rod; 9-gravity sensing shower nozzle; 10-a driven gear; 11-a drive gear; 12-a drive motor;
901-atomizing joint; 902-atomizing cover; 903-jet orifice.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the invention provides a greenhouse regulation and control system for fine varieties of small populus euphratica, which comprises a seedling raising greenhouse 1 and a seedling bed arranged in the seedling raising greenhouse 1, wherein three surfaces of the seedling raising greenhouse 1 are wall bodies, the other two surfaces of the seedling raising greenhouse 1 are respectively provided with a shading net and plastic cloth which are respectively used for shading sun and preserving heat, the seedling bed is divided into a plurality of independent block areas 2, each independent block area 2 is sequentially paved with a heat preservation sand layer 3, a temperature control electric heating layer 4 and a seedling raising sand layer 5 from top to bottom, a plurality of nutrition bags 6 used for cutting cuttings are densely arranged on the seedling raising sand layer 5, and the temperature control electric heating layer 4 comprises electric heating wires 401 which are arranged at equal intervals and a temperature control instrument 402 which is connected with the electric heating wires 401.
In the two seedling raising processes of small populus euphratica-2, firstly, cutting the cutting slips in the nutrition bags, and then densely arranging the nutrition bags on the seedbed, wherein the nutrition bag 6 refers to a transparent plastic bag with the caliber of 6cm and the height of 15cm, and the bottom of the nutrition bag 6 is provided with a plurality of ventilation and drainage holes.
In order to control the temperature of the seedbed, the temperature control instrument 402 is used for regulating and controlling the working power of the electric heating wire 401 so as to regulate the temperature of the electric heating wire 401, and the temperature regulation mechanism of the seedbed is realized. The specific way of laying the electric heating wire 401 is as follows: a plurality of electric heating wires 402 are arranged at 5cm intervals at equal intervals, and a seedling raising sand layer 5 and a heat preservation sand layer 3 with the thickness of 5cm are respectively paved on the upper part and the lower part of each electric heating wire 402, and the temperature is increased and decreased more quickly by taking sand as a heat-conducting medium and utilizing the characteristic of smaller specific heat capacity of the sand, so that the regulation and the control are convenient.
In the above, the independent blocks 2 are formed by the heat-insulating sand layer 3, the temperature-controlling electric heating layer 4 and the seedling-raising sand layer 5, the internal temperature is maintained by the heat-insulating sand layer 3 in each block, the necessary heat is provided by the temperature-controlling electric heating layer 4, and the seedling-raising sand layer 5 is positioned above the heat-insulating sand layer 3 and the temperature-controlling electric heating layer 4 to play a role in cultivation. Through the three-in-one mode, on one hand, the temperature of the whole body can be kept, the dissipation of the temperature is not facilitated, meanwhile, the temperature cannot be too high, and the temperature can be controlled more conveniently.
Meanwhile, in the seedling raising process, the seedling raising greenhouse 1 needs to keep ventilation in the daytime and be closed at night, so that the plastic cloth can be opened for ventilation in the daytime, and the plastic cloth is covered at night, so that the management is convenient.
The improved variety of small populus diversifolia needs to keep the humidity of the seedling raising greenhouse 1 at about 50% in the seedling raising stage besides temperature regulation and control, and water is sprayed once every 3-5 days, so that the sprinkling irrigation device is installed at the top of the seedling raising greenhouse 1, the traditional sprinkling irrigation device is generally formed by connecting a water inlet pipe with a plurality of sprinkling heads for spraying, and in order to enable the water spraying range to cover the whole greenhouse, a plurality of sprinkling heads are often installed.
Specifically, sprinkling irrigation equipment includes collector pipe 7 and gravity-feed tank shower nozzle 9, collector pipe 7 passes through connecting rod 8 hoist and mount at the top of hotbed 1 of growing seedlings, just the one end of collector pipe 7 is provided with the rotation driving piece, gravity-feed tank shower nozzle 9 evenly lays at the pipe shaft of collector pipe 7 and realizes the rotation along with the rotation of collector pipe 7 and spray.
Here, the rotary driving member includes a driven gear 10 fixedly sleeved at one end of the water collecting pipe 7, a driving gear 11 engaged with the driven gear is disposed above the head gear 10, and a driving motor 12 for driving the driving gear 11 to rotate is disposed on the connecting rod 8.
The driven gear 10 meshed with the driving gear 11 is driven to rotate through rotation of the driving gear 11, so that rotation of the water collecting pipe 7 is achieved, the connecting rod 8 and the water collecting pipe 7 can be rotatably connected through a bearing, and rotation of the water collecting pipe 7 is not limited by the connecting rod.
Considering that the traditional spray head is arranged on the water collecting pipe and can change the water spraying direction along with the rotation of the water collecting pipe, when the spray head rotates to an upward angle in the rotating process, the water spraying direction is vertical and upward, so that water is sprayed to the top of the seedling raising greenhouse 1 and then sprayed to the seedbed through the rebounding action of the top of the seedling raising greenhouse 1, and the uneven spraying and the waste of partial water resources are caused.
Therefore, the invention makes a special design on the gravity sensing nozzle 9, specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the gravity sensing nozzle 9 includes an atomizing adapter 901 and an atomizing cover 902, the atomizing adapter 901 is communicated with the water collecting pipe 7, and a plurality of spraying holes 903 are opened on the outer periphery of the atomizing adapter 901, the atomizing cover 902 is slidably installed on the outer portion of the atomizing adapter 901 and covers the spraying holes 903 on the outer periphery of the atomizing adapter 901 under the action of gravity.
When the gravity sensing nozzle 9 rotates to an upward angle, the atomizing cover 902 covers the spray holes 903 under the action of gravity, and when the gravity sensing nozzle rotates to a downward angle, the atomizing cover 902 slides downward to expose the spray holes 903 for spraying water.
In addition, the atomizing cover 902 of the present invention covers the spray holes 903 when the gravity sensing nozzle 9 rotates upward, so as to reduce the spray of water flow, thereby increasing the water pressure in the water collecting pipe 7, when the gravity sensing nozzle 9 rotates downward to a downward angle, the spray holes 903 are opened to spray water, and under the condition of increasing the water pressure, the spray holes have better atomizing effect and wider spray range.
Example 2
As shown in figure 1, a cutting rapid propagation method of improved variety of populus euphratica comprises the following steps:
step 100, collection and pretreatment of cuttings;
specifically, the principle of cutting collection is as follows: collecting robust annual branches growing at the middle upper part of a tree body of a mother tree, cutting the branches into cuttings with the length of 10-15cm and the diameter of 0.3-0.7cm, wherein each cutting is provided with 3-4 full buds, the upper cut is smooth, and at least one full bud is arranged at a position 1cm away from the top end;
and the pretreatment step of the cutting is to soak the cutting for 6 hours by ABT1# with the concentration of 100 ppm.
200, performing container-temperature control cutting seedling raising on the cuttings, building a seedbed, cutting the pretreated cuttings in a nutrition bag, and respectively controlling the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed within a specified range;
the invention adopts a container-temperature control cutting seedling method, cuttings are directly cut in a container and then the container is arranged on the seedbed, and the cuttings take roots and germinate by controlling the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed to cultivate container seedlings, thereby reducing the procedures of seedbed cutting and transplanting, saving labor and material resources and reducing the production cost of seedlings.
Therefore, the spray irrigation system and the temperature control system are respectively arranged at the top and inside of the seedbed, three surfaces of the seedbed are walls, the other two surfaces of the seedbed are respectively provided with the shading net and the plastic cloth which are used for shading and heat preservation, and the plastic cloth can be opened at any time when ventilation is needed in the daytime.
Specifically, the seedbed divide into the independent block district of a plurality of, temperature control system sets up every in the independent block district, temperature control system is including having laid heat preservation sand bed, accuse temperature electric heat layer and the sand bed of growing seedlings from top to bottom in proper order it has a plurality of to be used for the nutrition bag of cutting cuttage to grow seedlings to arrange densely on the sand bed of growing seedlings.
The temperature control electric heating layer comprises electric heating wires which are arranged at equal intervals and a temperature control instrument connected with the electric heating wires, the interval of the electric heating wires is 5cm, the thicknesses of the seedling raising sand layer and the heat preservation sand layer are both 5cm, the heating power of the electric heating wires is controlled by the temperature control instrument to realize the adjustment of the heating temperature, heat generated by the electric heating wires is conducted to the nutrition bag by sand, the sand is utilized to realize the uniform conduction of the temperature, and the temperature rising and falling speeds are faster by the aid of the characteristic that the specific heat capacity of the sand is smaller, so that the regulation and the control are convenient.
The nutrition bag is a container for cutting seedlings, nutrition soil is filled in the nutrition bag, the nutrition soil is formed by mixing fine sand, clay and organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1 and is filled in the nutrition bag after being sprayed and disinfected by 0.3% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, the nutrition bag is a transparent plastic bag with the caliber of 6cm and the height of 15cm, and a plurality of ventilation and drainage holes are formed in the bottom of each nutrition bag.
In the prior art, the seedling raising technology of branch cutting has long rooting time of the cuttings in the cutting propagation process and relatively low survival rate.
Aiming at the characteristic of long rooting time of cutting in the cutting propagation process, the invention places an annular water storage sponge at the position of a nutrition bag corresponding to a ventilation drain hole, and the water storage sponge is treated before cutting, wherein the treatment comprises the following specific steps:
soaking the water storage sponge in the rooting solution for 1-2 hours, and fixing an external catheter on the inner side of the water storage sponge;
and (3) after soaking the rooting solution, blowing air to the inner side of the water storage sponge and drying until the water content is lower than 20%, and then dropwise adding an inactivating agent onto the water storage sponge.
The principle of the design is that the water content of the inner side of the dried water storage sponge is lower than 20% and the water content of the outer side is far higher than 20%, so that the water in the sponge on the outer side continuously permeates into the sponge on the inner side and the rooting component in the sponge on the inner side is diffused into the nutrient soil at the bottom of the nutrient bag to promote the cutting to take root.
The transfusion tube is a common hollow tube in the prior art, one end of the transfusion tube is arranged outside the nutrition bag, and the other end of the transfusion tube is inserted into the inner side of the water storage sponge; and the mode that the inside and outside water content of control water storage sponge is different can adopt local stoving method parcel to live the outside of sponge and only dry to the inboard, perhaps directly tailor out the inside and outside of sponge, splice again after drying the inboard sponge alone.
In addition, aiming at the problem of low survival rate in the cutting propagation process, besides reasonably controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed, harmful microorganisms in soil are removed to prevent the propagation of the pathogenic microorganisms from causing plant diseases to die, so that after the water storage sponge is dried, an inactivator is required to be dripped on the water storage sponge to remove the pathogenic microorganisms harmful to the growth of cuttings in the soil, and the survival rate of cutting is improved;
meanwhile, the selection of the inactivator needs to be considered to avoid killing beneficial microorganisms. Beneficial microorganisms (such as bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes) selected in the nature metabolize substances (such as biological enzymes, proteins, polysaccharides, chitin clusters and the like) generated by the metabolism of the beneficial microorganisms, and the beneficial microorganisms have great auxiliary effects on the growth of plants and the reduction of diseases of crops.
Therefore, in order to accelerate the propagation of beneficial bacteria, the invention divides the temperature and humidity regulation into two stages: a manual adjustment phase and an automatic adjustment phase.
Firstly, in the first stage, a temperature and humidity feedback mechanism is closed, and the temperature and the humidity are manually adjusted;
the cutting is used as a concentric circle center, the temperature and the humidity of the seedling raising sand layer are gradually increased to 28-40 ℃ from inside to outside in an annular mode, the humidity is kept to be more than 60%, the temperature and the humidity are the optimal growth environment of beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and the like, the state is kept for 1-3 days under the environment condition, the beneficial microorganisms can be greatly propagated, active substances generated by microorganism metabolism can balance the vegetative growth of crops, the quality of products can be improved, the flora advantage of the beneficial microorganisms is improved, and crop diseases are reduced by fungus preparation;
and then entering a second stage, reducing the temperature and humidity of the seedling sand layer, respectively recovering the temperature to 22-25 ℃ and the humidity to 44% -56%, and starting a temperature and humidity feedback mechanism for automatic adjustment.
The steps complete the construction of the whole seedbed, the carrying of a temperature and humidity control system, the cuttage treatment of the cuttings and the early-stage cultivation of dominant microbial populations, and the subsequent cuttings tending management steps are as follows:
step 201, adjusting the heating power of a temperature control electric heating layer in a temperature control system to ensure that the temperature of a seedbed is 25-27 ℃, the temperature of a seedling raising sand layer is 22-25 ℃, and the day and night temperature difference is 2 ℃;
step 202, spraying water once every 3-5 days through a sprinkling irrigation system, and watering once every 10 days, maintaining the humidity in the seedbed to be 44% -56%, and supplementing water by taking the nutrition bag as a standard after the nursery stock survives.
And finally, entering the step 300, transplanting the field and establishing a cutting orchard, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
301, lifting seedlings together with the nutrition bags and directly transplanting the seedlings to a field;
step 302, continuously picking and cutting the cuttings transplanted to the field;
and 303, repeating the step 302 to enlarge the number of the good seedlings and establish a cutting orchard.
In conclusion, in the invention, the seedbed is regulated and controlled in an autonomous temperature control and humidity control mode, and the heating temperature is regulated and controlled by the temperature controller, so that the precise temperature control function of the seedbed is realized, sand is used as a heat-conducting medium, and the characteristic of low specific heat capacity of the sand is utilized, so that the temperature rise and fall regulation and control are fast and the air permeability is good; meanwhile, the invention is also provided with a sprinkling irrigation device which can spray water to moisten the nutrition bag and can also regulate and control the humidity of the greenhouse. In addition, the growth condition of the cuttings is comprehensively considered, the growth environment of the flora is changed as much as possible through the control of the growth environment of the cuttings, including the manual intervention of humidity and temperature, the number of beneficial strains is increased, the growth of the cuttings is promoted by utilizing substances generated by the metabolism of microorganisms, the cuttings can take roots conveniently and absorb nutrient substances in soil, and the survival rate of the cuttings is increased.
Therefore, the cultivation method of automatic temperature and humidity control and manual intervention is considered, the container-temperature control cutting seedling is utilized, and the survival rate of the cutting is improved as much as possible.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (3)
1. A cutting rapid propagation method of improved varieties of populus euphratica is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, collection and pretreatment of cuttings;
200, performing container-temperature control cutting seedling raising on the cuttings, building a seedbed, cutting the pretreated cuttings in a nutrition bag, and respectively controlling the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed within a specified range;
300, transplanting the field and establishing a cutting orchard;
in step 200, three surfaces of the seedbed are wall bodies, the other two surfaces are provided with shading nets and plastic cloth which are used for shading sun and preserving heat respectively, and the top and the inner part of the seedbed are provided with a spray irrigation system and a temperature control system respectively;
the seedling bed is divided into a plurality of independent block areas, the temperature control system is arranged in each independent block area and comprises a heat preservation sand layer, a temperature control electric heating layer and a seedling raising sand layer which are sequentially paved from top to bottom, and a plurality of nutrition bags for cutting the cuttings are densely arranged on the seedling raising sand layer;
the nutrient bags are filled with nutrient soil, the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, clay and organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1, and is packaged after being sprayed and sterilized by 0.3% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, the nutrient bags are transparent plastic bags with the caliber of 6cm and the height of 15cm, and the bottom of each nutrient bag is provided with a plurality of ventilation and drainage holes;
placing an annular water storage sponge at the position of the nutrition bag corresponding to the ventilation drain hole, and treating the water storage sponge before cuttage, wherein the treatment comprises the following specific steps:
soaking the water storage sponge in the rooting solution for 1-2 hours, and fixing an external catheter on the inner side of the water storage sponge;
soaking the rooting liquid, blowing air to the inner side of the water storage sponge and drying until the water content is lower than 20%, and then dropwise adding an inactivating agent onto the water storage sponge;
the specific steps of the tending management in step 200 are as follows:
step 201, adjusting the heating power of a temperature control electric heating layer in a temperature control system to ensure that the temperature of a seedbed is 25-27 ℃, the temperature of a seedling raising sand layer is 22-25 ℃, and the day and night temperature difference is 2 ℃;
step 202, spraying water once every 3-5 days through a sprinkling irrigation system, and watering once every 10 days, maintaining the humidity in the seedbed to be 44% -56%, and supplementing water by taking the nutrition bag as a standard after the nursery stock survives;
the temperature control electric heating layer comprises electric heating wires which are arranged at equal intervals and a temperature control instrument connected with the electric heating wires, the interval of the electric heating wires is 5cm, and the thickness of the seedling raising sand layer and the thickness of the heat preservation sand layer are both 5 cm;
the specific mode of temperature and humidity regulation is as follows:
closing the temperature and humidity feedback mechanism, and manually adjusting the temperature and humidity;
taking the cutting as the circle center of the same circle, and gradually increasing the temperature and the humidity of the seedling raising sand layer from the inside to the outside to 28-40 ℃ in an annular shape, keeping the humidity at more than 60%, and keeping for 1-3 days;
and reducing the temperature and humidity of the seedling raising sand layer, respectively recovering the temperature to 22-25 ℃ and the humidity to 44% -56%, and starting a temperature and humidity feedback mechanism to perform automatic adjustment.
2. The cutting rapid propagation method of improved variety of populus euphratica according to claim 1, wherein in step 100:
the cutting collection principle is that a robust annual branch growing at the middle upper part of a tree body of a mother tree is collected, the branch is cut into branches with the length of 10-15cm and the diameter of 0.3-0.7cm to serve as cuttings, each cutting is provided with 3-4 plump buds, the upper cut is smooth, and at least one plump bud is arranged at a position 1cm away from the top end;
the pretreatment step is to soak the raw materials for 6 hours by using ABT1# with the concentration of 100 ppm.
3. The cutting rapid propagation method of improved varieties of populus euphratica according to claim 1, wherein the steps of transplanting the field and establishing the cutting orchard in step 300 are as follows:
301, lifting seedlings together with the nutrition bags and directly transplanting the seedlings to a field;
step 302, continuously picking and cutting the cuttings transplanted to the field;
and 303, repeating the step 302 to enlarge the number of the good seedlings and establish a cutting orchard.
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| CN111713281B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-03-04 | 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 | A method for fast propagation of European spruce cuttings |
| CN113317111A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-08-31 | 丽水市农林科学研究院 | Method for improving short-spike cutting rooting rate of tea leaves |
| CN114557201A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-31 | 内蒙古太伟生态科技有限公司 | Rapid cutting propagation method for small X populus euphratica |
| CN119325884B (en) * | 2024-12-20 | 2025-02-18 | 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 | Wool Wu Susha ground shrub water storage infiltrating irrigation device |
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