Background technology
With the development of modern tobacco agriculture, a large amount of seedling raising greenhouse has been built in national each tobacco leaf producing region in succession, is roasting
Cigarette intensive seedling production provides important facility guarantee.Tobacco workshop floating seedlings have intensive degree high,
Save seedbed;Simplify tobacco seedlings management, improve planting percent;Reduce and transplant the advantage such as recruitment, shortening seedling-slowing stage,
There is wide development and application prospect.But due to, the seasonality of leaf tobacco production, major part cigarette facility purposes
Single, standby time is long, and maintenance cost is high, causes these assets to produce seasonality idle.Cause stealth
Waste.Not only reduce assets utilization efficiency, waste the land resource of preciousness.Do seedling raising greenhouse well to combine
Closing and utilizing, with short production cycle, warp can be cultivated by productive assets facility in comprehensive utilization nursery workshop of suiting measures to local conditions
The Ji flowers of high efficiency and security are high, the low organic vegetable class of agricultural chemicals harm, and can not only make full use of can be through
Battalion's property assets, widen tobacco leaf cooperative society and increase income channel, solve the funds source that nursery workshop renewal of facility is safeguarded
Problem, increases nursery workshop and baking workshop service life and efficiency, owing to flue-cured tobacco booth ground is compact soil
Layer or cement flooring, later use not can use soil, meanwhile, for preventing pest and disease damage to infect tobacco seedlings, right
Extraneous entrance booth material sterilization requires strict, can only introduce the artificial soil not having pest and disease damage to pollute.Crop
Growing in the artificial soil do not have seepage, substantially not having fertilizer loss, flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse cultivation crop is
Under enclosed environment, extraneous pest and disease damage can be cut off and infect, and the matrix of plant growth is not polluted, and makees
The required moisture of thing growth, from well water or running water, can not use or minimally use agricultural chemicals, not only
The method of cultivation is green, environmental protection, does not produce soil and groundwater source and pollutes.And the organic vegetable cultivated
Class security is high, and agricultural chemicals harm is low, has ensured that edible crowd's is healthy, adds rural area employment, subtracts
Lack land resource waste.Thus utilize flue-cured tobacco booth to carry out arable farming, producing green, environmental protection agricultural production
Product aspect is also that general organic farming facility hardly matches.
But, flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse facility needs to set up according to flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating completely, and flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating is mainly in the winter
Ji Jinhang, Facilities Construction requires to be mainly insulation, temperature control, and facility is firm and simple, and after seedling raising greenhouse
Continuous utilizing main spring, summer, carrying out in the period in autumn, the crop such as planting, vegetables is under summer, Autumn Climate
It is easily subject to high temperature impact.During 7-9 month high temperature, in seedling raising greenhouse, in the long term of space, the highest temperature exists
More than 40 DEG C, booth surface temperature a lot of period is up to more than 50 DEG C, and in booth, temperature is higher, and moisture steams
Send out amount bigger.But greenhouse cultivation plant growth water fully relies on artificial supply, if using sprinkling irrigation method,
Not only recruitment cost is very high, and sprinkling irrigation easily causes crop root temperature and moisture content change is violent, sternly
Ghost image rings plant growth.It although using drip irrigation to have water saving, save fertile, saving of labor, is easily controlled temperature and humidity
Advantage, but drip irrigation has blocking relatively costly, easy, salt accumulation, moisture distribution may be caused irregular and
The shortcoming of k-index development.
And greenhouse temperature luffing is excessive, booth evaporation from land speed and Crop transpirstion effect change acutely, increase
Add drip irrigation runoff investigation difficulty.During 7-9 month high temperature, not only drip irrigation is limited to substrate temperature regulation, easily
Cause root system early ageing, and droping irrigating pipe is more easy to significantly reduce because of high temperature ageing service life.These all exist
Reduce drip irrigation advantage in varying degrees, limit drip irrigation and use on greenhouse cultivation crop.
Although the comprehensive utilization project implementation of flue-cured tobacco booth is for many years, but due to the existence of the problems referred to above so that this
Mesh never makes a breakthrough at aspects such as promoted extension and acquirement benefits.
Content of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned drawback, the technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of suitable irrigation
Method, solves the water supply problem of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse crops cultivation.In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, this
Bright employed technical scheme comprise that, for the open fire infiltration irrigation method of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse crops cultivation, including
Flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth, it is characterised in that utilize artificial soil to cultivate, by the solution dissolved with finite concentration nutrient
Penetrate into supply plant growth in artificial soil, keep crop to continue, sufficient moisture and nutrient supply, regulation
Plant growth temperature;Described artificial soil is that (described seedling medium can be Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium to seedling medium
Or flowers and trees seedling medium etc., typically use the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite, charing husk, dreg etc. after fermentation
Configuration), the mixture of the loess that was not contaminated and cake fertilizer, wherein the consumption of loess accounts for artificial soil cumulative volume
10~60%, the consumption of cake fertilizer accounts for the 3~10% of artificial soil cumulative volume, artificial soil unit weight 0.4~1.0g
/cm3, the content of organic matter is 16~26%.
The method includes the three kinds of modes adapting to different classes of crop:
1. multi-faceted osmosis below water level: be applicable to like the cultivation of water melon (cucumber, sponge gourd etc.);Booth
Nursery pond heelpiece has film, and on film, water keeps 1~8cm degree of depth;Artificial soil seepage of water material (institute
State seepage of water material such as Fibre Bag, non-woven bag etc.) parcel one planter units of composition, several plant single
Unit is placed in water, the seepage of water material of each planter units water surface above section arranges some openings and implants
Crop seedling;
The method utilizes the adaptability of plant growth, bears water root and autochthonal at different conditions respectively,
Plant growth desired nutritional and moisture are by the autochthonal root system that is grown in artificial soil and penetrate described seepage of water
Material stretches into the aquatic Root Absorption in water, and two kinds of root systems complement each other, and significantly increase root absorbing area;
Meanwhile, the planter units that artificial soil is constituted by seepage of water material parcel, can substantially reduce artificial soil naked
Show up long-pending, thus reduce ground pest and disease damage and propagate and residual;Moisture is oozed by the following fiber of the water surface or non-woven fabrics
Thoroughly, melon seedling nutrition is mainly provided by fertilizer soluble in water, and other cultivation steps are identical with field.
Its typically preferred method is: the loess by seedling medium and not being contaminated and cake fertilizer are by volume 6:
The ratio mixing of 3.2:0.8, loads in Fibre Bag, fastens fiber sack and put into the nursery pond water being lined with film
In, then each Fibre Bag is respectively cut two mouths, each mouth implants a strain melon seedling.
2. moisture passes through bottom osmosis: be suitable to, intolerant to waterlogging higher to moisture supply requirement, is difficult to grow water
The flowers taking root and the cultivation of vegetables (such as epipremnum aureum, water spinach etc.);The container being provided with bottom outlet or kerve is put
In water in the nursery pond of underlay film, dissolving in fertilizer in water, depth of water is maintained at 1~6 deep,
Container loads artificial soil, and crop is planted in the artificial soil in container, and moisture and nutrient pass through bottom outlet or the end
Groove penetrates into for plant growth;
Its typically preferred method is: the loess by seedling medium and not being contaminated and cake fertilizer are by volume 8:
The flowerpot implanting epipremnum aureum is put in water, the moisture of epipremnum aureum and nutrient supply master by the ratio mixing of 1.2:0.8
Groove bottom flowerpot, hole to penetrate into artificial soil, and to spray once for 7~10 days.
Conventional method epipremnum aureum cultivation needs once spray for 2~3 days.
3. artificial soil osmosis: be suitable to the arable farming (such as epipremnum aureum, three-coloured amaranth, water spinach etc.) of small volume;
Seedling in greenhouse pond is divided into mutually isolated water reserve and growing area;In growing area, crop is planted in underlay film
In artificial soil;Moisture in water reserve and nutrient introduce the artificial soil of growing area, then are permeated by introducing point
To whole artificial soil;Described introducing refers to flow downstream into by capillary suction or from a high position.
Its typically preferred method is: the loess by seedling medium and not being contaminated and cake fertilizer are by volume 5:
The ratio of 4.5:0.5 is mixed into artificial soil, and artificial soil is laid in the nursery pond growing area having padded film, will
Crop is planted in artificial soil, and artificial soil keeps certain slope difference or offers some grooves, is beneficial to water
Ooze under Fen;Nursery pond water reserve adds the moisture being dissolved in fertilizer, and isolates with growing area;Water in water reserve
Divide the artificial soil introducing growing area with nutrient, then infiltrated into whole artificial soil by introducing point;Described introducing
Employing capillary suction or the mode flowing downstream into from a high position:
Capillary suction mode: at the intersection of seedling in greenhouse pond water reserve and growing area, arranges and connects retaining
District and the cloth of growing area artificial soil, by the suction-operated of cloth, make the water being dissolved in fertilizer penetrate into continuously
In artificial soil, then permeation site is infiltrated into whole artificial soil;
The mode that a high position flows downstream into: at the intersection of seedling in greenhouse pond water reserve and growing area, arranges and connects
Water reserve and the water stream channel of growing area artificial soil, by physical features difference of height, make the water being dissolved in fertilizer continuous
Flow in artificial soil, then infiltrated into whole artificial soil by flowing into point.Thus keep artificial soil moisture and
Sufficient and the uniform supply of nutrient, promotes plant growth.
Open fire osmosis, between soil cultivation and soilless culture, uses open fire osmosis not only to adapt to this
Aspect needs, and during preferably solving flue-cured tobacco booth later use, longer megathermal period crop wager requirements is bigger
Problem, thus it is particularly well-suited to flue-cured tobacco booth later use.Its major part absorbs to a great extent
The advantage of soil cultivation and soilless culture, surface irrigation and drip irrigation, and overcome its shortcoming, it is significantly expanded crop
Root system volume, reduces Rhizosphere temperature, promotes plant growth, substantially reduces matrix and fertilizer cost, and should
With extensive, mode is flexible, simple to operate, remarkable benefit.Although using open fire osmosis raise crop water consumption
Amount is relatively big, but temperature required to regulating crop growth, it is ensured that moisture needed for plant growth is necessary.To sum up
Described, use open fire osmosis to have the advantages that
1. substantially reduce matrix and fertilizer cost
Using open fire osmosis cultivation leafy vegetables similar to soil cultivation, in artificial soil, the root system of growth is also
Similar to autochthonal, thus the loess not being contaminated in a large number can be mixed, expand artificial soil volume
Have also been enlarged Root growing space simultaneously, and artificial soil can carry out multicroping within the year.Open fire oozes
The crops such as saturating method cultivated cucumber, sponge gourd are in addition in artificial soil, volume increases, and also a large amount of water roots grow,
Thus the vegetable root system volume using open fire osmosis to cultivate is significantly higher than conventional substrate cultivation, absorbability is high
Cultivate and the cake fertilizer and the loess that mix can supplement certain nutrition in conventional substrate, thus to the fertilizer applying
Recipe requirements is high less than water culture, and fertilizer cost can be greatly reduced.
2. substantially reduce fertilising and recruitment of watering
Using the cultivation fertilising of open fire osmosis and watering waterborne, greengrocery only need to be by moisture suction pond and by fertilizer
Dissolve, or regulation moisture penetration speed can, water supply intensity is better than surface irrigation or suitable with surface irrigation,
Output is more sufficient than drip irrigation, is better than drip irrigation or suitable with drip irrigation for water stability.The melon water fertilizing that waters only needs
5-10 days are once, and simple to operate, epipremnum aureum water water fertilizing once can be reduced to from 2-4 days 7-10 days with
Last time, fertilising and recruitment of watering can be reduced to greatest extent.Avoid simultaneously drip irrigation facility investment huge,
The high drawback of operating cost.
3. significantly regulate temperature and humidity
Use the cultivation of open fire osmosis owing to there being one layer of open fire at the bottom of pond, or by continual moisture penetration, can
To significantly reduce at the bottom of booth pond and space temperature, increase humidity, reduce high temperature and crop is damaged.Particularly root
Border temperature is relatively low and more stable, promotes Root Absorption, delays Senescence of Root System.Although using open fire osmosis to plant
Training, crop growth environment temperature is still above field;But the method still can be by moisture close to greatest extent
Ground regulating crop growth temperature, meets Crop transpirstion effect to water demand.
4. remarkably promote plant growth, improve yield, increase benefit
The vegetable root system volume using the cultivation of open fire osmosis dramatically increases, improving activity of root system is strong, moisture and nutrient
In liberal supply and equalize, high-temperature damage degree significantly mitigates, and promotes vegetable growth, extends vegetables and abounds with
Phase, add yield.
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention will be further described.
Detailed description of the invention
For the open fire infiltration irrigation method of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse crops cultivation, utilize in flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth
Artificial soil is cultivated, and the solution dissolved with finite concentration nutrient is penetrated into supply plant growth in artificial soil, protects
Hold crop continue, sufficient moisture and nutrient supply, regulating crop growth temperature;Described artificial soil is roasting
Cigarette seedling medium, the loess not being contaminated and the mixture of cake fertilizer, Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium uses the peat composed of rotten mosses, leech
Stone, perlite, charing husk, after fermentation the configuration such as dreg, the wherein consumption of loess to account for artificial soil overall
Long-pending 10~60%, the consumption of cake fertilizer accounts for the 3~10% of artificial soil cumulative volume, artificial soil unit weight 0.4~
1.0g/cm3, the content of organic matter is 16~26%.
The method includes the three kinds of modes adapting to different classes of crop:
1. multi-faceted osmosis below water level is for the cultivation of cucumber: seedling in greenhouse pond heelpiece has film, film
Upper water keeps 1~8cm degree of depth;The loess by seedling medium and not being contaminated and cake fertilizer are by volume 6:
The ratio mixing of 3.2:0.8, loads in Fibre Bag, fastens fiber sack and put into the nursery pond water being lined with film
In, then each Fibre Bag is respectively cut two mouths, each mouth implants a strain cucumber seedling.
2. moisture is used for the cultivation of epipremnum aureum by bottom osmosis: by seedling medium and the loess not being contaminated
Mixing in the ratio of volume 8:1.2:0.8 with cake fertilizer, flowerpot loads artificial soil, will implant the flowerpot of epipremnum aureum
In the water of the nursery pond putting into underlay film, flowerpot is provided with bottom outlet or kerve, dissolves in fertilizer in water,
Depth of water is maintained at 1~6 deep, moisture and nutrient pass through bottom outlet or kerve penetrate into for plant growth 7~
Within 10 days, spray once.
3. artificial soil osmosis for water spinach cultivate: seedling in greenhouse pond be divided into mutually isolated water reserve and
Growing area;Seedling medium is mixed in the ratio of volume 5:4.5:0.5 with the loess not being contaminated and cake fertilizer
Becoming artificial soil, artificial soil is laid in the nursery pond growing area having padded film, plants water spinach in artificial
In soil, artificial soil keeps certain slope difference or offers some grooves, is beneficial to ooze under moisture;Nursery pond
Water reserve adds the moisture being dissolved in fertilizer, and isolates with growing area;Moisture in water reserve and nutrient introduce plants
Plant the artificial soil in district, then infiltrated into whole artificial soil by introducing point;Described introducing uses capillary suction
Or the mode flowing downstream into from a high position:
Capillary suction mode: at the intersection of seedling in greenhouse pond water reserve and growing area, arranges and connects retaining
District and the cloth of growing area artificial soil, by the suction-operated of cloth, make the water being dissolved in fertilizer penetrate into continuously
In artificial soil, then permeation site is infiltrated into whole artificial soil;
The mode that a high position flows downstream into: at the intersection of seedling in greenhouse pond water reserve and growing area, arranges and connects
Water reserve and the water stream channel of growing area artificial soil, by physical features difference of height, make the water being dissolved in fertilizer continuous
Flow in artificial soil, then infiltrated into whole artificial soil by flowing into point.Thus keep artificial soil moisture and
Sufficient and the uniform supply of nutrient, promotes plant growth.
Through measurement, the cucumber maximum blade width cultivated and length are respectively 37 and 31, cucumber weight
Measure the heaviest for 612g/, be all remarkably higher than drip irrigation cultivation and sprinkling irrigation cultivation (table 1) in booth.Water spinach
Average weight reaches 20g/ strain (sprinkling irrigation mode control group average weight 10g/ strain;Drip irrigation control group is put down
Equal weight 16g/ strain).Epipremnum aureum is cut out transplanting and was once shortened to 24 days once by 32 days interval time.
Different Irrigation method plantation cucumber effect in table 1 flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth
(nursery workshop, unit rice seedling bed, base, liuyang hunan Shashi in 2014)
Sprinkling method |
Maximum width of blade () |
Maximum leaf length () |
Maximum melon weight (g) |
Open fire osmosis |
37 |
31 |
612 |
Drip irrigation |
31 |
27 |
480 |
Sprinkling irrigation |
27 |
25 |
309 |
The above-mentioned implementation that the present invention describes is not merely to clearly illustrate technical scheme, and not
It is understood that as making any restriction to the present invention.The present invention the art have known multiple substitute or
Person deforms, and on the premise of without departing from essential meaning of the present invention, each falls within protection scope of the present invention.