CN114557201A - Rapid cutting propagation method for small X populus euphratica - Google Patents
Rapid cutting propagation method for small X populus euphratica Download PDFInfo
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- CN114557201A CN114557201A CN202210158397.1A CN202210158397A CN114557201A CN 114557201 A CN114557201 A CN 114557201A CN 202210158397 A CN202210158397 A CN 202210158397A CN 114557201 A CN114557201 A CN 114557201A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 241001278112 Populus euphratica Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003357 wound healing promoting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 14
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000208197 Buxus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001656898 Buxus microphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding small X-shaped populus diversifolia varieties, which adopts small X-shaped populus diversifolia as varieties for cuttage propagation and comprises the steps of collection of cuttings, treatment of the collected cuttings, greenhouse cuttage and tending management. According to the invention, when the cuttings are treated, the lower ends of the cuttings are immersed in the IBA solution, so that a good rooting effect is achieved, and meanwhile, the wound healing agent is coated on the upper ends, so that the cuttings are prevented from being infected by germs in the growth and propagation processes, and the survival rate of the small X poplar cuttage is improved to a certain extent. The small X populus diversifolia bred by the method has short seedling raising time, developed root system, excellent quality and stable shape, and can thrive after being transplanted into saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nursery stock cultivation, in particular to a rapid cuttage propagation method for fine varieties of small X populus euphratica.
Background
The small-X populus euphratica is a male clone variety obtained by carrying out artificial distant hybridization breeding on small-leaf populus euphratica serving as a female parent and populus euphratica serving as a male parent and preferably breeding a single plant, has multiple characteristics of drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance, disease and insect resistance and the like, and is particularly difficult to obtain and is precious as a local hybrid variety under the conditions that the current populus variety is mixed, the resistance is generally poor and diseases and insects are serious. After multiple hybridization tests, the Xiaoxhu maintains the excellent genetic character of parents, grows rapidly, is more saline-alkali resistant than the female parent buxus microphylla, is easier to reproduce than the male parent buxus diversifolia, the patent variety is obtained from the research result of stress resistance of the hybrid of the Shasha forest farm in the region of Shankou in 2008 and the populus microphylla xhuyata of the university of inner Mongolia agriculture, and the variety formally examines the 'Xiaoxhu' hybrid poplar (small populus diversifolia-2) as an excellent new variety of trees in the autonomous region in 2017 and is a well-recognized tree variety with promising future in saline-alkali soil forestation in arid regions.
At present, populus euphratica is mainly bred by cutting seedlings, but the conventional cutting survival rate is low, and the problem that the populus euphratica is easy to die after cutting exists, in the prior art, the cutting slips are mainly soaked by rooting powder such as GRR or ABT and the like before cutting, sufficient adventitious roots can not be guaranteed to grow before cutting, and the phenomena that the cutting slips are wasted and the cost is increased are easily caused. How to improve the rooting rate and the survival rate of cuttage or transplantation of poplar cuttage branches becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cuttage and rapid propagation method of small multiplied populus diversifolia varieties, and a specific implementation mode provides the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps: collection of cuttings
(1) And (3) collection of cuttings: selecting 1-2 year old branches or germinating branches of strong adult trees, and selecting non-lignified young shoots or root germinating strips with strong regeneration capability and more eyes from scions in order to improve the cuttage survival rate. The middle and lower parts of the seed stick are suitable, and the xylem is fully mature and cannot exceed 2/3 of the seed stick. Cutting the cutting with sharp cutting device or pruning scissors, wherein the cutting length is 18-20 cm, the diameter is 0.8-2.0 cm, and 2 plump buds are left at the top. And (3) horizontally shearing the upper end of the intercepted cutting, obliquely shearing the lower end of the intercepted cutting to avoid splitting and damaging the phloem of the cutting, bundling the cutting (1 bundle for every 50 pieces), and watering to preserve moisture.
(2) And (3) storage: storing the cuttings which can not be cut in time. The specific storage method comprises the following steps: and cutting the cuttings, putting the cuttings into a refrigeration house or a cellar in time, and burying the cuttings with wet sand, namely one layer of wet sand and one layer of cuttings. The temperature of the wet sand is 1-3 ℃, the humidity is 40-50%, the moisture of the wet sand and the color of the cuttings are frequently checked, and if the sand is dry, water can be properly sprayed for moisture preservation.
Step two: cutting treatment
Before cutting, the lower end of the cutting is placed into 250-500 mg/L IBA solution to be soaked for 30s, the soaking depth is about 2-3 cm, and a wound healing agent is coated at the flat port of the upper end of the cutting;
wound healing agents were purchased from compass biotechnology limited, hannan province.
Step three: greenhouse cuttage
In order to not affect the rooting effect during cuttage, a guide cone is used for pricking out a cutting hole, the depth of the hole is about 8-12 cm, the area of the hole is 2cm multiplied by 3cm, then cutting slips are inserted into the hole, the hole is compacted by hands, the situation that the cutting slips are suspended in the air and cannot be fully contacted with a matrix is avoided, water is immediately poured after cuttage, soil is tightly combined with the base of the cutting slips once, and water absorption and rooting are facilitated.
Step four: tending management
(1) Temperature and humidity management: after cuttage, the soil temperature is kept within the range of 15-25 ℃, the room temperature is kept within the range of 20-35 ℃, and the humidity is controlled within the range of 80-90%. In high-temperature weather, a skylight needs to be opened in time, and cooling measures such as an internal and external sunshade net, a water curtain and the like are taken; in low-temperature weather, ventilation is reduced, a heat-insulating screen is opened, 400 times of carbendazim liquid can be sprayed to prevent and control diseases, and a greenhouse gate and an air outlet are closed to preserve heat and moisture at night.
(2) Illumination management: in order to promote the cutting to take root, the seedbed is required to be shaded to avoid the sunshine exposure after the cutting and before the rooting, the illumination intensity is kept at 20 percent in 14 days after the cutting, the illumination can be gradually increased after the callus is generated, and the illumination intensity can be improved to about 30 to 50 percent in the early rooting stage.
(3) Bud picking: and (4) bud picking is carried out when the seedlings germinate and grow to 13-18 cm from late 5 month to early 6 months, and only 1 bud is left. And when the seedlings grow to 45-50 cm, bud picking and final singling are carried out for 1 time, and bud picking is carried out in time at the later stage according to the growth condition. And (4) pruning the lateral branches of the 2-year nursery stocks at proper time according to the growth condition.
(4) Topdressing: after the cutting seedlings take roots, diammonium can be spread for 1 time for promoting the growth of the seedlings, and the using amount is 10-15 g/m2Preferably, water is sprayed in time to promote the fertilizer efficiency. Meanwhile, foliar fertilizers such as monopotassium phosphate, trace element fertilizer and the like can be sprayed every 7 days, so that the growth and lignification process of seedlings are promoted.
(5) And (5) ventilating and hardening seedlings. When the cuttings grow to about 30d and adventitious roots are formed, ventilation hardening seedlings can be started. In sunny days, the air inlet and the lower end of the greenhouse can be opened for ventilation after 10:00 every day, temperature management at night is paid attention to, and ventilation is finished at 15: 00; in the case of cloudy days, ventilation can be carried out briefly at high noon temperatures. After ventilation for 7d, sunshade can be reduced, and the ventilation opening is gradually enlarged until open management. In addition to enabling the seedlings to adapt to the natural growth environment during seedling hardening, the method is mainly characterized in that robust roots are cultivated, the indoor temperature can be controlled within the range of 15-22 ℃, underground roots are forced to grow, the roots can be promoted to be strong and developed, and a good seedling strengthening effect is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) and (3) immersing the lower end of the cutting into IBA solution to obtain the best rooting effect.
(2) The wound healing agent can promote wound healing and form a protective film on the wound at the top end, and on one hand, the wound healing agent can prevent water, dirt and rain from washing sand; on the other hand, the method can also play a role in preventing the infection of germs on the wound and improve the cuttage survival rate of the small X populus euphratica to a certain extent.
(3) The seedling raising method has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, time and labor saving, high survival rate of the cultivated small-X populus euphratica, excellent quality and stable character, and fully meets the market requirements and economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for rapid cutting propagation of small X populus euphratica comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collection of cuttings
(1) Intercepting: selecting 1-2 year old branches or germinating branches of strong adult trees, and selecting non-lignified young shoots or root germinating strips with strong regeneration capability and more eyes from scions in order to improve the cuttage survival rate. The middle and lower parts of the seed stick are suitable, and the xylem is fully mature and cannot exceed 2/3 of the seed stick. Cutting the plant by using a sharp strip cutter or pruning scissors, wherein the cutting length is 18-20 cm, the diameter is 0.8-2.0 cm, and 2 full buds are left at the top. The upper end of the cutting is cut horizontally, the lower end is cut obliquely, splitting and damage to the phloem of the cutting are avoided, the cutting is bundled (1 bundle for every 50 pieces), and water is sprayed to preserve moisture.
(2) And (3) storage: cuttings which cannot be cut in time need to be stored. And cutting the cuttings, putting the cuttings into a cold storage, a cellar or underground sand for storage in time, namely burying the cuttings layer by layer, namely one layer of wet sand and one layer of seed cuttings layer by layer. The sand storage temperature is controlled to be 1-3 ℃, the humidity is 40-50%, the sand is preferably kneaded into a mass by hands and then loosened by hands, the moisture content and the color of the cuttings of the wet sand are frequently checked, and if the sand is dry, water can be properly sprayed for moisture preservation.
Step two: cutting treatment
Before cutting, the lower end of the cutting is placed into 250mg/L IBA solution to be soaked for 30s, the soaking depth is about 2-3 cm, and the top of the cutting is coated with a wound healing agent;
the wound healing agent is directly smeared on the wound by a brush, the outer edge of the cut is fully coated, the wound healing agent is dried for about 1 hour in sunny days and is brushed when the wound healing agent is wetted for about 3 hours in cloudy days.
Step three: greenhouse cuttage
In order not to affect the rooting effect during cuttage, a guide cone is used for pricking and opening the cutting holes, the depth of each hole is about 10cm, the density of each hole is 2cm multiplied by 3cm, then the cutting slips are inserted into the holes, the holes are compacted by hand, the cutting slips cannot be fully contacted with a matrix when being suspended in the air, and after cuttage, water is immediately poured to enable the soil to be tightly combined with the base of the cutting slips once, so that the rooting effect is facilitated.
Step four: tending and managing.
(1) Temperature and humidity management: after cuttage, the soil temperature is kept within the range of 15-25 ℃, the room temperature is kept within the range of 20-35 ℃, and the humidity is controlled within the range of 80-90%. In high-temperature weather, a skylight needs to be opened in time, and cooling measures such as an internal and external sunshade net, a water curtain and the like are taken; in low-temperature weather, ventilation is reduced, a heat-insulating screen is opened, 400 times of carbendazim can be sprayed to prevent and control diseases, and a greenhouse gate and an air outlet are closed to preserve heat and moisture at night.
(2) Illumination management: in order to promote the cutting to take root, the seedbed is required to be shaded to avoid the sunshine exposure after the cutting and before the rooting, the illumination intensity is kept at 20 percent within 14 days after the cutting, the illumination can be gradually increased after the callus is generated, and the illumination intensity is increased to about 30 to 50 percent after the rooting.
(3) Bud picking: and (4) bud picking is carried out when the seedlings germinate and grow to about 13-18 cm from late 5 month to early 6 months, and only 1 bud is left. When the seedling grows to 50cm, bud picking and final singling are carried out for 1 time, and bud picking is carried out in time at the later stage according to the growth condition. And (4) pruning the lateral branches of the 2-year nursery stocks at proper time according to the growth condition.
(4) Topdressing: after the cutting seedlings take roots, diammonium can be spread for 1 time for promoting the growth of the seedlings, and the using amount is 10-15 g/m2Preferably, water is sprayed in time to promote fertilizer efficiency. Meanwhile, foliar fertilizers such as monopotassium phosphate, trace element fertilizer and the like can be sprayed every 7 days, so that the growth and lignification process of seedlings are promoted.
(5) Ventilating and hardening seedlings: when the cuttings grow for about 30 days and adventitious roots are formed, ventilation hardening seedlings can be started. In sunny days, the air inlet and the lower end of the greenhouse can be opened for ventilation after 10:00 every day, temperature management at night is paid attention to, and ventilation is finished at 15: 00; in the case of cloudy days, ventilation can be carried out briefly at high noon temperatures. Sunshade was reduced after 7 days of ventilation and the vents were gradually enlarged until open management. In the seedling hardening period, the seedlings are adapted to the natural growth environment, the key point is to cultivate a strong root system, the temperature can be controlled to be 15-22 ℃, the underground roots are forced to grow, the root system can be promoted to be strong and developed, and a good seedling strengthening effect is achieved.
Example 2
A method for rapid cutting propagation of small X populus euphratica comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collection of cuttings
(1) Intercepting: and selecting 2-year-old branches or germinating branches of the strong adult trees, and selecting non-lignified young shoots or root germinating strips with strong regeneration capacity and more eyes from scions in order to improve the cuttage survival rate. The middle and lower parts of the seed stick are suitable, and the xylem is fully mature and cannot exceed 2/3 of the seed stick. And (3) cutting by using a sharp strip cutter or pruning shears, wherein the cutting length is 20cm, the diameter is 0.8-2.0 cm, and 2 full buds are reserved at the top. The upper end of the cutting is cut horizontally, the lower end is cut obliquely, splitting and damage to the phloem of the cutting are avoided, the cutting is bundled (1 bundle for every 50 pieces), and water is sprayed to preserve moisture.
(2) And (3) storage: cuttings which cannot be cut in time need to be stored. And cutting the cuttings, putting the cuttings into a cold storage, a cellar or underground sand for storage in time, namely burying the cuttings layer by layer, namely one layer of wet sand and one layer of seed cuttings layer by layer. The sand storage temperature is controlled at 2 ℃, the humidity is 45%, the sand is preferably kneaded into a mass by hands and then scattered by hands, the moisture and the inserting color of the wet sand are frequently checked, and if the sand is dry, water can be properly sprayed for moisture preservation.
Step two: cutting treatment
Before cutting, the lower end of the cutting is placed into 500mg/L IBA solution to be soaked for 30s, the soaking depth is about 2-3 cm, and the top of the cutting is coated with a wound healing agent;
the wound healing agent is directly smeared on the wound by a brush, the outer edge of the cut is fully coated, the wound healing agent is dried for about 1 hour in sunny days and is brushed when the wound healing agent is wetted for about 3 hours in cloudy days.
Step three: greenhouse cuttage
In order not to affect the rooting effect during cuttage, a guide cone is used for pricking and opening the cutting holes, the depth of each hole is about 10cm, the density of each hole is 2cm multiplied by 3cm, then the cutting slips are inserted into the holes, the holes are compacted by hand, the cutting slips cannot be fully contacted with a matrix when being suspended in the air, and after cuttage, water is immediately poured to enable the soil to be tightly combined with the base of the cutting slips once, so that the rooting effect is facilitated.
Step four: and (5) tending management.
(1) Temperature and humidity management: after cutting, the soil temperature is kept at 20 ℃, the room temperature is kept at 28 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 85%. In high-temperature weather, a skylight needs to be opened in time, and cooling measures such as an internal and external sunshade net, a water curtain and the like are taken; in low-temperature weather, ventilation is reduced, a heat-insulating screen is opened, 400 times of carbendazim can be sprayed to prevent and control diseases, and a greenhouse gate and an air outlet are closed to preserve heat and moisture at night.
(2) Illumination management: in order to promote the cutting to take root, the seedbed is required to be shaded to avoid the sunshine exposure after the cutting and before the rooting, the illumination intensity is kept at 20 percent in 14 days after the cutting, the illumination can be gradually increased after the callus is generated, and the illumination intensity is increased to 50 percent after the rooting.
(3) Bud picking: and (4) bud picking is carried out when the seedlings germinate and grow to about 15cm from late 5 month to early 6 months, and only 1 bud is remained. And (5) when the bud grows to 50cm, carrying out secondary bud picking, and carrying out bud picking in time according to the growth condition at the later stage. And (4) pruning the lateral branches of the 2-year nursery stocks at proper time according to the growth condition.
(4) Topdressing: spreading diammonium 1 times at 15g/m for promoting growth of seedlings after cutting seedlings take root2Preferably, water is sprayed in time to promote fertilizer efficiency. Meanwhile, foliar fertilizers such as monopotassium phosphate, trace element fertilizer and the like can be sprayed every 7 days, so that the growth and lignification process of seedlings are promoted.
(5) Ventilating and hardening seedlings: when the cuttings grow for about 30 days and adventitious roots are formed, ventilation hardening seedlings can be started. In sunny days, the air inlet and the lower end of the greenhouse can be opened for ventilation after 10:00 every day, temperature management at night is paid attention to, and ventilation is finished at 15: 00; in the case of cloudy days, ventilation can be carried out briefly at high noon temperatures. Sunshade was reduced after 7 days of ventilation and the vents were gradually enlarged until open management. In addition to adapting the seedlings to the natural growth environment during seedling hardening, the key point is to cultivate strong root systems, the temperature can be controlled at 20 ℃, the underground roots are forced to grow, the root systems can be promoted to be strong and developed, and a good seedling strengthening effect is achieved.
Comparative example 1
A method for rapid cutting propagation of small X populus euphratica comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collection of cuttings
(1) Intercepting: and selecting 2-year-old branches or germinating branches of the strong adult trees, and selecting non-lignified young shoots or root germinating strips with strong regeneration capacity and more eyes from scions in order to improve the cuttage survival rate. The middle and lower parts of the seed stick are suitable, and the xylem is fully mature and cannot exceed 2/3 of the seed stick. And (3) cutting by using a sharp strip cutter or pruning shears, wherein the cutting length is 20cm, the diameter is 0.8-2.0 cm, and 2 full buds are reserved at the top. The upper end of the cutting is cut horizontally, the lower end is cut obliquely, splitting and damage to the phloem of the cutting are avoided, the cutting is bundled (1 bundle for every 50 pieces), and water is sprayed to preserve moisture.
(2) And (3) storage: cuttings which cannot be cut in time need to be stored. And cutting the cuttings, putting the cuttings into a cold storage, a cellar or underground sand for storage in time, namely burying the cuttings layer by layer, namely one layer of wet sand and one layer of seed cuttings layer by layer. The sand storage temperature is controlled at 2 ℃, the humidity is 45%, the sand is preferably kneaded into a mass by hands and then scattered by hands, the moisture and the inserting color of the wet sand are frequently checked, and if the sand is dry, water can be properly sprayed for moisture preservation.
Step two: cutting treatment
Before cutting, the lower end of the cutting is placed into a sterile aqueous solution to be soaked for 30s, the soaking depth is about 2-3 cm, and the top of the cutting is coated with a wound healing agent;
the wound healing agent is directly smeared on the wound by a brush, the outer edge of the cut is fully coated, the wound healing agent is dried for about 1 hour in sunny days and is brushed when the wound healing agent is wetted for about 3 hours in cloudy days.
Step three: greenhouse cuttage
In order to avoid influencing the rooting effect during cuttage, a guide cone is used for pricking out the cutting holes with the depth of about 10cm and the density of 2cm multiplied by 3cm, then the cutting slips are inserted into the cutting holes and the holes of the cutting holes are compacted by hands so as to prevent the cutting slips from being suspended and being incapable of fully contacting with the matrix, and water is immediately poured after cuttage to enable the soil to be tightly combined with the base parts of the cutting slips once, thereby being beneficial to water absorption and rooting.
Step four: tending and managing.
(1) Temperature and humidity management: after cutting, the soil temperature is kept at 20 ℃, the room temperature is kept at 28 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 85%. In high-temperature weather, a skylight needs to be opened in time, and cooling measures such as an internal and external sunshade net, a water curtain and the like are taken; in low-temperature weather, ventilation is reduced, a heat-insulating screen is opened, 400 times of carbendazim liquid can be sprayed to prevent and control diseases, and a greenhouse gate and an air outlet are closed to preserve heat and moisture at night.
(2) Illumination management: in order to promote the cutting to take root, the seedbed is required to be shaded to avoid the sunshine exposure after the cutting and before the rooting, the illumination intensity is kept at 20 percent in 14 days after the cutting, the illumination can be gradually increased after the callus is generated, and the illumination intensity is increased to 50 percent after the rooting.
(3) Bud picking: and (4) bud picking is carried out when the seedlings germinate and grow to about 15cm from late 5 month to early 6 months, and only 1 bud is remained. And (5) when the bud grows to 50cm, carrying out secondary bud picking, and carrying out bud picking in time according to the growth condition at the later stage. And (4) trimming the lateral branches of the 2-year nursery stocks at proper time according to the growth conditions.
(4) Topdressing: spreading diammonium 1 times at 15g/m for promoting growth of seedlings after cutting seedlings take root2Preferably, water is sprayed in time to promote fertilizer efficiency. Meanwhile, foliar fertilizers such as monopotassium phosphate and trace element fertilizer can be sprayed every 7 days, so that the growth and lignification process of seedlings are promoted.
(5) Ventilating and hardening seedlings: when the cuttings grow for about 30 days and adventitious roots are formed, ventilation hardening seedlings can be started. In sunny days, the air inlet and the lower end of the greenhouse can be opened for ventilation after 10:00 every day, temperature management at night is paid attention to, and ventilation is finished at 15: 00; in the case of cloudy days, ventilation can be carried out briefly at high noon temperatures. Sunshade was reduced after 7 days of ventilation and the vents were gradually enlarged until open management. In addition to adapting the seedlings to the natural growth environment during seedling hardening, the key point is to cultivate strong root systems, the temperature can be controlled at 20 ℃, the underground roots are forced to grow, the root systems can be promoted to be strong and developed, and a good seedling strengthening effect is achieved.
Survival rate and plant height of cuttings
According to the technical schemes of the above example 1, example 2 and comparative example 1, 100 cuttings are taken and subjected to cuttage according to the technical schemes, and subsequent tending management is carried out, wherein the statistical results are shown in the following table.
| Treatment of | IBA concentration (mg/L) | Number of surviving plants/plant | Survival rate/% | Plant height/cm |
| Example 1 | 250 | 74 | 74％ | 57.2 |
| Example 2 | 500 | 91 | 91％ | 82.4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0 | 52 | 52％ | 27.8 |
According to the statistical results of the above figures, the use of IBA can improve the survival rate of small X populus euphratica and promote the growth, and at the same time, the higher the concentration of IBA, the higher the survival rate of cuttings and the higher the plant height.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A propagation method of a small X populus diversifolia variety is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) collection of cuttings: cutting a sprouting branch of a small adult X-shaped populus diversifolia as a cutting, and performing horizontal shearing on the upper end and oblique shearing on the lower end of the cut cutting, wherein the length of the cutting is 18-20 cm, the diameter of the cutting is 0.8-2.0 cm, and 2 full buds are left on the top of the cutting;
and (3) cutting treatment: putting the lower end of the cutting into 250-500 mg/L IBA solution for soaking for 30s, wherein the soaking depth is 2-3 cm, and smearing a wound healing agent on the flat opening of the upper end of the cutting;
greenhouse cuttage: pricking soil into a cutting hole by using a guide cone, inserting the cutting into the hole and compacting, and then, watering water on the periphery of the cutting hole, wherein the depth of the hole is 8-12 cm, and the area is 2cm multiplied by 3 cm; irradiating the cuttings by keeping the illumination intensity not more than 20% every day, wherein the irradiation time is 0-14 days;
after the cuttings take roots, the cuttings are irradiated by keeping the illumination intensity of 30-50% every day;
and carrying out first bud picking when the cutting grows to 13-18 cm, reserving one bud, carrying out second bud picking when the cutting grows to 45-55 cm, and carrying out open type management.
2. The method for propagating small X poplar variety according to claim 1, wherein the cutting is a non-lignified shoot or root sprout with strong regeneration ability and more eyes during cutting the cutting.
3. The method for breeding a small X variety of Populus euphratica according to claim 1, wherein the cuttings are cut, bundled, sprinkled with water to preserve moisture, placed in a freezer or cellar, and buried with wet sand at a temperature of 1-3 ℃ and a humidity of 40-50%.
4. The propagation method of small X populus diversifolia varieties according to claim 1, wherein in the greenhouse cutting process, the soil temperature of the greenhouse cutting is 15-25 ℃, the room temperature is 20-35 ℃, and the humidity is 80-90%.
5. The method for propagating small X poplar variety according to claim 1, wherein ventilation is increased in high temperature weather and reduced in low temperature weather during rooting of cuttings.
6. The propagation method of small X populus diversifolia varieties according to claim 1, wherein diammonium is applied for 1 time after the cuttings take roots, and the dosage of diammonium is 10-15 g/m2And simultaneously spraying monopotassium phosphate and trace element fertilizer to the cutting every 7 days.
7. The propagation method of small X populus diversifolia varieties according to claim 1, wherein a carbendazim 400-fold liquid is sprayed to prevent and control diseases after cutting of cuttings.
8. The propagation method of small X populus diversifolia varieties according to claim 1, wherein the room temperature is controlled to be 15-22 ℃ within 7 days of the adventitious roots formed by the cuttings, and the ventilation is performed at 10: 00-15: 00 in sunny days.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the young X populus species is ventilated for 1 hour at a temperature in excess of 25 ℃ in a cloudy day.
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