CN106856996B - Grafting cultivation method for tobacco - Google Patents
Grafting cultivation method for tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN106856996B CN106856996B CN201710080879.9A CN201710080879A CN106856996B CN 106856996 B CN106856996 B CN 106856996B CN 201710080879 A CN201710080879 A CN 201710080879A CN 106856996 B CN106856996 B CN 106856996B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a grafting cultivation method of tobacco. The method comprises the following steps, s 1: selecting a rootstock and a scion; s 2: selecting a grafting place and a grafting tool; s 3: grafting tobacco seedlings: removing the redundant leaves of the rootstock and only leaving core leaves; inserting the scion into a chopping opening of a chopping block, and smearing a self-made adhesive on a grafting wound; s 4: and (3) grafted seedling management: spraying a foliar fertilizer for three times every day until the wound of the grafted seedling is healed; 3-5 days, removing the growing points of the rootstock after the wound is healed; ventilating gradually and increasing light for 6-8 days, and then performing normal wet seedling management. The grafting cultivation method of the tobacco has the advantages of low grafting cost, short grafted seedling management and protection period, excellent agronomic characters of the improved tobacco, high yield of high-quality tobacco, strong disease resistance of the improved tobacco and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a grafting cultivation method of tobacco.
Background
The method is characterized in that a single variety is planted in large area in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other areas of tobacco primary producing areas of China in successive years, so that the stress resistance of tobacco is weakened, the damages such as root diseases such as black shank, bacterial wilt, root black rot and the like, underground insect damage, environmental stress injury and the like are serious, the yield of the tobacco is reduced, the quality of the tobacco is reduced, even the tobacco is completely harvested, huge economic loss is caused to tobacco growers, the enthusiasm of the tobacco growers is seriously influenced, the healthy sustainable development of modern tobacco agriculture is hindered, and meanwhile, adverse influence is brought to the breeding of tobacco seeds.
At present, methods for reducing pest and disease damage and enhancing tobacco resistance mainly comprise agricultural cultivation measures, breeding new varieties and the like. Agricultural cultivation measures are effective means for improving tobacco resistance, the most ideal prevention and treatment measures are reasonable crop rotation, but for tobacco production areas in high-altitude mountainous regions, land resources are limited, and crop rotation treatment time is long. The breeding of new varieties is one of the main methods for improving the tobacco resistance, but has the defects of long breeding period, large investment, poor selectivity, unstable offspring performance and the like, and in addition, although the resistance of the new varieties which are often bred is strong, the quality of the new varieties cannot meet the requirements of the Zhongyan industry company.
Grafting refers to a technology of purposefully grafting organs such as branches or buds on a plant to another plant with a root system to form a new plant. The advantages of the rootstock and the scion can be simultaneously exerted by grafting, the inherent style characteristics of the variety can be maintained, and the variety resistance can be improved. At present, grafting is widely applied to planting of cash crops such as melons, fruits, vegetables and the like, and the yield can be improved by over 30%. In recent years, researches show that grafting is an effective method for preventing soil-borne diseases, improving yield, improving quality and enhancing stress resistance. However, the tobacco grafting has the outstanding problems of high grafting cost, long grafted seedling management and protection period, high possibility of disease infection and the like, and the method is not beneficial to popularization and application in tobacco production, so that the method has important practical significance for the research of the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tobacco grafting cultivation method. The method has the advantages of low grafting cost, short grafted seedling management and protection period, excellent agronomic character of the improved tobacco, high yield of high-quality tobacco, strong disease resistance and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a grafting cultivation method of tobacco comprises the following steps,
s 1: selecting rootstock and scion: taking tobacco varieties with strong disease and insect resistance as stocks and varieties which are susceptible to diseases and have good quality as scions;
s 2: selecting a grafting place and a tool: the grafting operation place is a shady and cool nontoxic greenhouse or a room; the grafting tool is a nontoxic blade and a self-made adhesive;
s 3: grafting tobacco seedlings: removing redundant leaves of the stock, only leaving core leaves, and longitudinally splitting one side of the stem at a position 2-3cm away from a growing point by a blade in an inclined downward manner for 0.8-1.2cm deep; removing larger leaves of the scion, only leaving 2 cotyledons, cutting two sides of the stem at a position 3-4cm away from the growing point of the scion into trapezoids with the thickness of 0.2-0.3cm and the cut surface length of 0.8-1.2 cm; inserting the scion into a splitting opening of a chopping block, enabling the scion to be completely matched with the cut surface of the stock, slightly pinching by fingers, and finally smearing a self-made adhesive on a grafting wound;
s 4: and (3) grafted seedling management: after grafting is finished, timely placing the grafted seedlings into a wet tray, placing the wet tray in a covered and shady and cool greenhouse or room, and preserving heat and moisture; spraying a foliar fertilizer for three times every day until the wound of the grafted seedling is healed; after the wound heals for 3-5 days, transversely cutting off the stock at a position of 0.3-0.8cm above the upper end of the grafting opening, and removing upper growing points; ventilating gradually and increasing light for 6-8 days, and then performing normal wet seedling management.
Furthermore, the stocks in s1 are sown earlier than the scions for 7-10 days, the seedling age is 45-60 days, the stem heights of the stocks and the scions are both 6-10cm, and the stem circumference is 1.3-1.8 cm.
Further, the temperature of the grafting operation place in s2 is 15-30 ℃, and the humidity is more than 50%; spraying with 2-3% bleaching powder water solution, sterilizing grafting operation site, ventilating, and air drying.
Further, the disinfection method of the nontoxic blade in s2 comprises the following steps: soaking in 2-3% chlorine dioxide water solution for 5-8 min, and air drying.
Further, the self-made adhesive in s2 is yellow mud and sodium chloride, and the weight ratio of the yellow mud to the sodium chloride is 100: mixing at a ratio of 0.3-0.7, and adjusting with water to viscous; the disinfection method comprises the following steps: spraying 0.2-0.5% metham water solution to sterilize the self-made adhesive.
Furthermore, in s3, the grafting operator firstly washes hands with soap water, then soaks in 0.1-0.2% chlorine dioxide water solution for 1-2 minutes, and can perform grafting after drying in the air.
Further, the heat and moisture preserving conditions in s4 are as follows: the temperature is 15-30 deg.C and the humidity is 60-80%.
Further, the foliar fertilizer in s4 is 0.1-0.3% potassium nitrate, 0.05-0.2% boron water solution.
Further, the stock is a dried tobacco variety, assorted tobacco No. 1, and the scion is a flue-cured tobacco variety KRK 26.
Further, the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer for three times is as follows: 8 hours, 13 hours and 18 hours.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the grafting cultivation method of the tobacco has the advantages of low grafting cost, short grafted seedling management and protection period, excellent agronomic characters of the improved tobacco, high yield of high-quality tobacco, strong disease resistance and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below.
The grafting cultivation method of tobacco is carried out in a tobacco area in Xingxing prefecture of Yibin city, Sichuan province, and comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the dry tobacco variety No. 1 with strong disease and insect resistance as a stock, and the flue-cured tobacco variety KRK26 which is susceptible to diseases and has good quality as a scion.
(2) The rootstock is sowed 7-10 days earlier than the scion, the seedling age of the rootstock and the scion is 45-60 days, the stem height is 6-10cm, and the stem circumference is 1.3-1.8 cm.
(3) The temperature of the grafting operation place is 15-30 ℃, the humidity is more than 50%, and 2-3% bleaching powder aqueous solution is used for spraying, ventilation and air drying; and soaking the grafting tool blade in 2-3% chlorine dioxide water solution for 5-8 min, and airing to obtain the grafting tool blade.
(4) Before grafting, a grafting operator firstly washes hands with soap water, then soaks in 0.1-0.2% chlorine dioxide water solution for 1-2 minutes, and can carry out grafting after airing.
(5) Removing redundant leaves of the stock, only leaving core leaves, and longitudinally splitting one side of the stem at a position 2-3cm away from a growing point by a blade in an inclined downward manner for 0.8-1.2cm deep; removing larger leaves of the scion, only leaving 2 cotyledons, cutting two sides of the stem at a position 3-4cm away from the growing point of the scion into trapezoids with the thickness of 0.2-0.3cm and the cut surface length of 0.8-1.2 cm; inserting the scion into the splitting opening of the chopping block, enabling the scion to be completely matched with the cut surface of the stock, slightly pinching by fingers, and finally smearing viscous yellow mud containing 0.3-0.7% of sodium chloride on the grafting wound.
(6) Timely placing the grafted seedlings into a wet tray after grafting, and placing the wet tray in a covered and shady and cool greenhouse or room, wherein the temperature is 15-30 ℃, and the humidity is 60-80%; spraying an aqueous solution containing 0.1-0.3% of potassium nitrate and 0.05-0.2% of boron at 8, 13 and 18 days each day until the wounds of the grafted seedlings heal; after 3-5 days, transversely cutting off the stock at a position of 0.3-0.8cm above the grafting opening, and removing the growing points on the upper part of the stock; ventilating gradually and increasing light for 6-8 days, and then performing normal wet seedling management.
The percentages of the aqueous solutions of the above components and the viscous yellow mud of sodium chloride are mass percentages.
The test results are as follows:
1 plant grafting cultivation results
The plant grafting cultivation result is shown in table 1, and compared with the method in the prior art, the tobacco grafting cultivation method can shorten the survival time of the grafted seedling by 4 days, improve the survival rate by 7.9 percentage points and reduce the grafting cost by 18 yuan/1000 plants. The test result shows that the test method is practical and feasible, can improve the survival rate of the grafted seedlings, reduce labor for managing the grafted seedlings, reduce grafting cost and play a role in reducing labor and cost.
TABLE 1 comparison table of grafting cultivation results
| Survival time (d) | Survival rate (%) | Cost of grafting (Yuan/1000 plants) | |
| The method of the invention | 7 | 93.1a | 12 |
| Prior art method | 11 | 84.6c | 30 |
| The rootstock in the method of the invention has no core leaves | 9 | 91.2ab | 15 |
| The method of the invention does not spray foliar fertilizer | 10 | 88.7b | 17 |
| No binder is used in the process of the invention | 9 | 85.9c | 28 |
| In the method of the invention, the adhesive is replaced by applying the plant ash | 10 | 90.4b | 26 |
Note: different letters after the same column of data indicate significance of difference at the 0.05 level, the same below.
2 plant growing in field period
The survived plants were transplanted to the field and agronomic traits of the plants treated differently were investigated at the maturity stage, the results are shown in table 2. Compared with KRK26, the grafting combination has obvious advantages, good performance of main agronomic characters, increased tobacco plant height, large leaf width, increased leaf number, and regular growth. The grafting combination can improve the growth and development of plants under the same cultivation and management measures.
TABLE 2 comparison of agronomic trait results of plants at maturity
| Treatment of | Plant height/cm | Girdling/cm of stem | Number of blades/sheet | Maximum leaf length/cm | Maximum leaf width/cm | Degree of uniformity |
| KRK26 | 116.3b | 9.9b | 21.7b | 72.4b | 28.9b | In general |
| KRK 26/assorted tobacco No. 1 | 124.8a | 10.8a | 23.1a | 80.5a | 34.3a | Is tidy |
3 statistical results of plant diseases
The field disease survey statistical results of different treated plants are shown in table 3, and the test results show that the grafting combination has less root diseases, the disease resistance is improved, the adaptability is enhanced, and new plants obtain the excellent resistance of the sun-cured tobacco hybrid No. 1.
TABLE 3 comparison table of plant disease investigation results
4 economic character comparison of tobacco leaves
After the plant tobacco leaves are mature, harvested and modulated, the economic characters of the tobacco leaves are investigated and counted, and the results show that the first-class tobacco proportion and the medium-class tobacco proportion of the grafting combination are obviously increased, the average price is improved, the yield and the output value are greatly improved, and the economic benefit of the tobacco leaves is better than that of the original variety.
TABLE 4 comparison of economic character results of tobacco leaves
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of one or more embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and detail, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A grafting cultivation method of tobacco comprises the following steps,
s 1: selecting rootstock and scion: taking tobacco varieties with strong disease and insect resistance as stocks, taking varieties which are susceptible to diseases and have good quality as scions, and sowing the stocks for 7-10 days earlier than the scions;
s 2: selecting a grafting place and a tool: the grafting operation place is a shady and cool nontoxic greenhouse or a room, 2-3% bleaching powder aqueous solution is used for spraying, the grafting operation place is sterilized, ventilated and dried, and then grafting can be carried out; the grafting tool is a nontoxic blade and a self-made adhesive; the self-made adhesive is prepared by uniformly mixing yellow mud and sodium chloride according to the proportion of 100:0.3-0.7, and adjusting the mixture to be viscous by water; spraying 0.2-0.5% metham aqueous solution to sterilize the self-made adhesive;
s 3: grafting tobacco seedlings: the grafting operator firstly washes hands with soap water, then soaks in 0.1-0.2% chlorine dioxide water solution for 1-2 minutes, and can graft after drying in the air; removing redundant leaves of the stock, only leaving core leaves, and longitudinally splitting one side of the stem at a position 2-3cm away from a growing point by a blade in an inclined downward manner for 0.8-1.2cm deep; removing larger leaves of the scion, only leaving 2 cotyledons, cutting two sides of the stem at a position 3-4cm away from the growing point of the scion into trapezoids with the thickness of 0.2-0.3cm and the cut surface length of 0.8-1.2 cm; inserting the scion into a splitting opening of a chopping block, enabling the scion to be completely matched with the cut surface of the stock, slightly pinching by fingers, and finally smearing a self-made adhesive on a grafting wound;
s 4: and (3) grafted seedling management: after grafting is finished, timely placing the grafted seedlings into a wet tray, placing the wet tray in a covered and shady and cool greenhouse or room, and preserving heat and moisture; spraying a foliar fertilizer for three times every day until the wound of the grafted seedling is healed; after the wound heals for 3-5 days, transversely cutting off the stock at a position of 0.3-0.8cm above the upper end of the grafting opening, and removing upper growing points; ventilating gradually and increasing illumination in 6-8 days, and then performing normal wet seedling management;
the stock is the air-cured tobacco variety mixed tobacco No. 1, and the scion is the flue-cured tobacco variety KRK 26.
2. The grafting cultivation method of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the seedling age in s1 is 45-60 days, the stem height of the rootstock and the stem height of the scion are both 6-10cm, and the stem circumference is 1.3-1.8 cm.
3. The grafting cultivation method of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the grafting operation place in s2 is 15-30 ℃, and the humidity is more than 50%.
4. The grafting cultivation method of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the disinfection method of the nontoxic blade in s2 is as follows: soaking in 2-3% chlorine dioxide water solution for 5-8 min, and air drying.
5. The grafting cultivation method of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the conditions of heat preservation and moisture preservation in s4 are as follows: the temperature is 15-30 deg.C and the humidity is 60-80%.
6. The grafting cultivation method of tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer in s4 is 0.1-0.3% potassium nitrate, 0.05-0.2% boron water solution.
7. The grafting cultivation method of tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for spraying foliar fertilizer three times is: 8 hours, 13 hours and 18 hours.
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| CN108371031B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-09-15 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Method for improving stress resistance of tobacco and application thereof |
| CN114287312A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-08 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | Flue-cured tobacco seedling raising matrix and wet seedling raising method adopting same |
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| CN101209014B (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2010-12-01 | 兰绍华 | Tobacco grafting breeding method |
| CN101491186B (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2011-05-18 | 李远林 | Delicate flavor red pepper |
| CN102349419A (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2012-02-15 | 河南省烟草公司郑州市公司 | Grafting method for culturing new product of tobacco |
| CN102487730B (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-02-13 | 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for improving Yunyan 97 flue-cured tobacco variety |
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