CN108338046A - Growth of watermelon method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a watermelon planting method, which includes: a soil treatment process, digging out the root of the watermelon planted in the previous crop from the planting ground, together with watermelon seedlings, watermelon leaves and all unharvested watermelons in the planting ground Clean up; soil sterilization process, adding organic fertilizer fermented by bean cake and special strains to the planting pit formed by excavating watermelon roots on the planting ground; planting process, sterilized soil seedlings in the greenhouse, without grafting, and transplanting to the field at the right time, or Put watermelon seeds directly into the planting pits at the planting site, without grafting, close the shed or directly use the greenhouse; prevent diseases and insects process, wait for the watermelon seeds to break through the soil and grow into melon seedlings, and during the growth process, under the principle of the least amount Regularly spray lime sulfur or organic pesticides on the planting area, and do not use fruit puffing agents, ripening agents and growth hormones. Realize that watermelon can be planted repeatedly and improve the quality of watermelon.

Description

How to grow watermelon

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural engineering, in particular to a watermelon planting method.

Background technique

At present, watermelon is a kind of fruit that consumers like very much. It is rich in nutrition, good in flavor and hygienic quality. Watermelon is a long-sun plant that likes strong light and is suitable for dry and hot climates. It likes water but is not resistant to waterlogging. It requires good drainage and deep sandy loam. The serious problem of repeated cropping, watermelon repeated planting will lead to the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, resulting in dead and rotten seedlings affecting the yield; in order to increase the yield and improve the disease resistance of watermelon, the way of grafting is usually used, for example: by grafting watermelon on However, the taste of the harvested watermelons has changed significantly, the taste of watermelons has become weaker, and the quality of watermelons has deteriorated. How to design a planting method that overcomes repeated cropping to realize repeated cropping to improve the quality of watermelon agricultural products is the technical problem to be solved by the present invention.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a watermelon planting method, which can realize repeated planting of watermelon and improve the quality of watermelon.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is: a watermelon planting method, comprising:

The soil treatment process is to dig out the roots of the watermelon planted in the previous crop from the planting ground, and clean up all the watermelon seedlings, watermelon leaves and unharvested watermelons in the planting ground;

Soil sterilization process, adding organic fertilizer formed by fermenting bean cake and fermented bacteria into the planting pit formed by excavating watermelon roots on the planting ground, and stirring evenly with the soil in the planting pit;

Planting process, planting watermelon in the planting pit;

In the process of preventing diseases and insect pests, after the watermelon seeds break through the soil and grow into melon seedlings, and during the growth process, the planting area is regularly sprayed with lime sulfur or organic pesticides.

Further, the watermelon is planted in a greenhouse, wherein the greenhouse includes a support frame and a first film arranged on the support frame, the lower part of the first film is also provided with a water collection tank, and the lower part of the greenhouse is installed The surface is the reference surface of the ground. The greenhouse also includes a water supply pipe and a water collection container. Several water outlets are arranged on the pipe wall of the water supply pipe. The water collection tanks are respectively connected with the water collection container. The water supply pipe and the water collection container The water collection container is connected; the lower edge of the support frame is provided with an annular water blocking enclosure, the upper part of the annular water blocking enclosure is located above the ground reference plane, and the lower part of the annular water blocking enclosure is located at Below the ground reference plane, the water supply pipe is located below the ground reference plane and lower than the annular water blocking enclosure, and the upper and lower parts of the water supply pipe are correspondingly provided with an upper humidity sensor and a lower humidity sensor; The watermelon planting method also includes: an irrigation process, drip irrigation is performed underground through a water supply pipe, during the drip irrigation process, if the humidity value detected by the lower humidity sensor is lower than the set value, the water collection container is controlled to supply water to the water supply pipe, and when the upper When the humidity value of the humidity sensor is higher than the set value, the control stops the water collection container from supplying water to the water supply pipe.

Further, the soil treatment process also includes digging trenches around the greenhouse to place the annular water-blocking enclosure, so that the depth of the planting area in the greenhouse can be within the range of D1 under the action of the annular water-blocking enclosure. The water supply pipe is kept in a dry and water-deficient state, and the water supply pipe is deeply buried within the range of planting depth D2 in the greenhouse, and the roots of the watermelon reach around the water supply pipe; wherein, D2>D1.

Further, it also includes a film rolling mechanism, the film rolling mechanism includes a film rolling shaft for winding the first film and a driving mechanism that drives the film rolling shaft to move, and the film rolling shaft is provided with There is a rotating part used to convert the linear motion into a rotating motion to drive the rotation of the film roll shaft, and the supporting frame is also provided with a matching part used to cooperate with the rotating part to drive the rotating part to rotate. The lower edge of a shed film is set on the roll film shaft; the watermelon planting method also includes: a ventilation and light process, in the case of sunlight during the day, the roll film mechanism rolls up the first shed film, To make the watermelon in the greenhouse ventilated and exposed to direct sunlight.

Further, the rotating part is a gear arranged on the film winding shaft, and the matching part is a rack; or, the rotating part is a sprocket arranged on the film winding shaft, and the matching part is a chain; or, the rotating part is a friction wheel arranged on the film winding shaft, and the matching part is a friction bar.

Further, the drive mechanism includes a motor, a rotating shaft, a drive chain, and a take-up reel. A rotatable sleeve is arranged on the film roll shaft, and one end of the drive chain is connected to the sleeve. The drive chain The other end of the motor is connected to the winding reel, the motor is drivingly connected to the rotating shaft, a driving sprocket is arranged on the rotating shaft, and the driving sprocket is engaged with the driving chain.

Further, the drive mechanism includes a motor, two upper synchronous wheels and two lower synchronous wheels, an upper synchronous lever is arranged between the two upper synchronous wheels, and a lower synchronous lever is arranged between the two lower synchronous wheels. rod, a synchronous connector is provided between the upper synchronous wheel and the corresponding lower synchronous wheel, a mounting seat is provided on the synchronous connector, a shaft hole is provided on the mounting seat, and the roll film shaft is provided Between the two mounts and rotatably installed in the shaft hole, the upper synchronous wheel is arranged on the upper side of the top of the support frame, and the lower synchronous wheel is arranged on the top of the support frame underside.

Further, the greenhouse also includes a controller, the water collecting container is provided with a water level detector connected to the controller, the lower part of the water collecting container is provided with an interface, and the interface is connected to a water pump, and the The water supply pipe is connected to the water collection container through a solenoid valve, and the upper humidity sensor, the lower humidity sensor and the solenoid valve are respectively connected to the controller; the upper humidity sensor and the lower humidity sensor are located at the below the base level of the earth's surface.

Further, a temperature sensor connected to the controller is provided inside the greenhouse, and a switchable air vent is provided in the greenhouse; and/or, a switchable sunshade device is also provided above the greenhouse, and the greenhouse It also includes a light sensor, and the sunshade device and the light sensor are respectively connected to the controller.

Further, the greenhouse includes a plurality of the greenhouses, and each of the greenhouses is equipped with the water supply pipe, the water collection container, the water pump and the controller; the greenhouse is also equipped with a water supply transfer container , the water pumps are respectively connected to the water supply transfer containers.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: the watermelon planting method provided by the present invention, after the last crop of watermelon is planted, the planting site is fully cleaned, so as to avoid the last crop of watermelon seedlings in the watermelon. The rot in the planting ground can reduce the growth of bacteria harmful to the growth of watermelons in the planting ground. At the same time, before the next crop of watermelon is planted, the organic fertilizer formed by fermenting bean cakes and special strains is put into the planting ground to make the planting ground Residual bacteria that are harmful to the growth of watermelons cannot continue to multiply. At the same time, the planting ground is nourished by organic fertilizers, which is more conducive to the growth of the next crop of watermelons, so that watermelons can be replanted and the quality of watermelons can be improved.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural principle diagram one of greenhouse of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the M direction in Fig. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the N region in FIG. 1;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the film rolling shaft, the rotating part, the matching part and the guide rail in the greenhouse of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is an assembly principle diagram of the film rolling shaft, the rotating part, the matching part and the guide rail in the greenhouse of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is an assembly principle diagram of the drive mechanism and the film roll shaft in the greenhouse of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the structural principle drawing two of greenhouse of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the layout drawing of water supply pipe and humidity sensor in the greenhouse of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a partial sectional view of the drip irrigation pipe in the greenhouse of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a cylindrical dripper in a greenhouse of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the anti-blocking component in the greenhouse of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the silica gel cylinder in the greenhouse of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a watermelon planting method, comprising:

In the soil treatment process, the root of the watermelon that was planted in the previous crop in the planting field is excavated from the planting field, and all the watermelon seedlings, watermelon leaves and unharvested watermelon in the planting field are cleaned up. Specifically, after the last crop of watermelon is harvested, there will still be watermelon seedlings and watermelon leaves on the planting ground, and the roots of the watermelon will be buried in the soil layer of the planting ground. A crop of watermelon seedlings remaining on the planting ground is dug out by the roots, and the substandard watermelon fruits and leaves in the planting ground are cleaned up together, and transported out of the planting ground. Clean up all the watermelons, roots, leaves, etc., so that the previous batch of watermelons will rot in the planting ground and breed a large number of bacteria that are harmful to the growth of watermelons; It can prevent the new watermelon seedlings from being infected and ensure the survival rate and health of the new seedlings.

In the soil sterilization process, the organic fertilizer formed by fermenting the bean cake and the fermented bacteria is added to the planting pit formed by digging watermelon roots on the planting ground, and mixed evenly with the soil in the planting pit. Specifically, after cleaning up the seedling roots and other materials left by the previous crop of watermelon planting in the planting field, since the previous crop of watermelon was planted during the planting process, especially in the planting pits, more harmful bacteria tended to remain, then through the upward Add bean cake and organic fertilizer fermented by special strains to the planting pit formed by watermelon roots, so that harmful bacteria in the planting pit cannot survive, and fermented bean cake and special strains can increase the fertility of the next watermelon planting soil environment. The specific principle is: the special bacteria added to the planting pit like to eat beans, so that the bacteria that can rot the beans can be rapidly multiplied in the planting pit, which causes the bacteria harmful to watermelon to fail to grow normally and die. When the next crop of watermelons is made, it can ensure that the planting pit is in an environment that is harmless to watermelons, and, together with the organic fertilizer formed by the rot of beans, the excellent planting environment is more conducive to the rapid and healthy growth of new watermelon seedlings.

The planting process is to directly plant watermelons in the planting pit. Specifically, the next batch of watermelons is planted in the treated planting land, which can ensure that the planting environment of the planting land is more conducive to the growth of new watermelon seedlings. There are two planting methods: 1. Seedling cultivation and transplanting, 2. Live broadcast in the field. For seedling cultivation and transplanting, watermelon seedlings are cultivated in sterile soil in the greenhouse instead of grafting, and the cultivated watermelon seedlings are transplanted into planting pits for growth in due course; The method is to directly put watermelon seeds in the planting pit at the planting site without grafting, and use a small shed or directly use a greenhouse.

The process of preventing diseases and insect pests, specifically, after the watermelon seeds break through the soil and grow into melon seedlings, and during the growth process, the planting area is regularly sprayed with lime sulfur or organic pesticides under the principle of minimum amount, and no fruit swelling agent or ripening agent is used. and growth hormone to reduce pesticide residues in watermelon fruits in the later stage and realize green and harmless planting.

Among them, the above-mentioned watermelon planting method can be planted in an open-air environment. Of course, it can be planted in a greenhouse. The specific plan for planting in a greenhouse is as follows:

As shown in Figures 1-3, the greenhouse 1 used for planting habits includes a support frame 101 and a first greenhouse film 102 arranged on the top of the support frame 101 and/or on the sunny side, and the shady side of the support frame 101 and The side wall can be provided with a second shed film as required or by means of installation boards, civil walls, etc., and there is no limitation here. At the same time, generally, when the greenhouse is built, the top of the support frame 101 adopts a ridge structure or an inclined surface structure, and the first greenhouse film 102 can be rolled up and ventilated as required. The greenhouse 1 rolls up the first greenhouse film 102 for a large area, and also includes a film rolling mechanism 7, and the film rolling mechanism 7 includes a film rolling shaft 74 for winding the first greenhouse film 102 and driving the rolling film 102. The driving mechanism for the movement of the film shaft 74. The film roll shaft 74 is provided with a rotating part 76 for converting linear motion into a rotary motion to drive the roll film shaft to rotate. The support frame 7 is also provided with a The rotating part 76 cooperates with the matching part 77 to drive the rotating part 76 to rotate, and the lower edge of the first film 102 is arranged on the film roll shaft 74 . Specifically, the lower edge of the first greenhouse film 102 in the greenhouse 1 is rolled and fixed on the film shaft 74. The watermelon planting method also includes: a ventilation and lighting process. The film mechanism 7 rolls up the first shed film 102, so that the watermelons in the greenhouse 1 are ventilated and exposed to direct sunlight, and the driving mechanism will drive the film roll shaft 74 to move on the support frame 101 from bottom to top, while the film roll shaft 74 during the moving process, the rotating part 76 and the matching part 77 cooperate with each other to realize the conversion of the linear motion of the film rolling shaft 74 into the rotation of the rotating part 76, so that the film rolling shaft 74 is driven to rotate around its own axis through the rotating part 76, thereby realizing the film rolling While the shaft 74 is moving, the first greenhouse film 102 is rolled up, so that the top area of the greenhouse 1 can be fully opened and the top can be fully opened. Wherein, the rotating part 76 is a gear arranged on the film rolling shaft 74, and the matching part 77 is a rack; or, the rotating part 76 is a sprocket wheel arranged on the film rolling shaft 74, The matching part 77 is a chain; or, the rotating part 76 is a friction wheel arranged on the film winding shaft 74, and the matching part 77 is a friction strip. In order to collect rainwater, when the first shed film 102 is unfolded, a water collection tank 11 for collecting rainwater is also provided on one side of the lower edge of the first shed film.

Wherein, the representation entity of the driving mechanism for driving the film roll shaft 74 to move can adopt various structural forms, as long as the film roll shaft 74 can be moved, the following examples are illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

As shown in Figures 1-3, the driving mechanism includes a motor 71, two upper synchronous wheels 72 and two lower synchronous wheels 73, an upper synchronous lever 721 is arranged between the two upper synchronous wheels 72, and the two upper synchronous wheels 72 A lower synchronous rod 731 is arranged between the lower synchronous wheels 73, a synchronous connector 75 is arranged between the upper synchronous wheel 72 and the corresponding lower synchronous wheel 73, and a mounting seat 751 is arranged on the synchronous connector 75, The mounting seat 751 is provided with a shaft hole, and the film rolling shaft 74 is arranged between the two mounting seats 75 and is rotatably installed in the shaft hole. The motion is converted into a rotary motion to drive the rotating part 76 of the film roll shaft to rotate, and a matching part 77 for cooperating with the rotating part 76 is also provided between the upper synchronous wheel 72 and the corresponding lower synchronous wheel 73 The upper synchronous wheel 72 is located at the top of the first film 102, the lower synchronous wheel 73 is located at the bottom of the first film 102, and the lower edge of the first film 102 is arranged on the roll On the film shaft 74. Specifically, the greenhouse 1 drives the upper synchronous wheel 72 to rotate through the motor 71, so that the synchronous connector 75 drives the film roll shaft 74 to move. In addition, the side of the lower synchronous wheel 73 is also provided with a water collection tank 11. The water tank 11 collects rainwater on the first greenhouse film 102 . And the synchronous connector 75 that upper synchronous wheel 72 and lower synchronous wheel 73 use can adopt modes such as belt or chain.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the rotating part 76 is a gear disposed on the film roll shaft 74 , the matching part 77 is a rack, and the synchronous connecting part 75 is a chain as an example for illustration. After the motor 71 drives the upper synchronous wheel 72 to rotate, the synchronous connector 75 drives the film roll shaft 74 to move, and the gear on the film roll shaft 74 will cooperate with the rack to make the gear rotate, thereby realizing the moving film roll shaft 74 to rotate around its own axis , so that the first film 102 can be rewound while the reeling shaft 74 is moving. Preferably, a guide rail 78 for guiding the movement of the film roll shaft 74 is also provided between the upper synchronous wheel 72 and the corresponding lower synchronous wheel 73, and the end of the film roll shaft 74 is slidably arranged on the guide rail 78 Specifically, during the moving process, the film roll shaft 74 is guided by the guide rail 78. On the one hand, it can ensure that the film roll shaft 74 can move back and forth smoothly. On the other hand, under the guidance of the guide rail 78, the film roll shaft can The rotating part 76 on the 74 is in good contact with the mating part 77 to ensure that the film roll shaft 74 rotates smoothly during the movement. Wherein, the guide rail 78 can be made up of a first strip plate 781 and a second strip plate 782, and the end of the roll film shaft 74 moves between the first strip plate 781 and the second strip plate 782, or only The second strip plate 782 serves as the guide rail 78 , and the second strip plate 782 cooperates with the matching portion 77 to guide the film roll shaft 74 to move. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5 , in order to avoid excessive accumulation of rainwater at the roll film shaft 74 in rainy days, the guide rail 78 forms a downwardly bent arc guide portion 781 near the lower synchronous wheel 73 . Correspondingly, The guide rail 78 forms an arc track part (unmarked) near the lower synchronous wheel 73. After the film roll shaft 74 moves to the lower part, it moves downward through the guide of the arc track part. At the same time, the rotating part on the film roll shaft 74 76 cooperates with the arc guide part 781 to continue to drive the film roll shaft 74 to rotate, so that the film roll shaft 74 is turned over to the lower side of the first film 102, thereby avoiding water accumulation due to the film roll shaft 74 protruding from the first film The phenomenon.

As shown in Figure 6, the drive mechanism includes a motor, a rotating shaft 71, a drive chain 72 and a take-up reel 73, the film roll shaft 74 is provided with a rotatable sleeve 741, and one end of the drive chain 72 is connected to the Axle sleeve 741, the other end of the driving chain 72 is connected to the winding reel 73, the motor 71 is drivingly connected to the rotating shaft 71, the rotating shaft 71 is provided with a driving sprocket 711, and the driving sprocket 711 engages with the drive chain 72 . Specifically, the rotating shaft 71 is located between the film winding shaft 74 and the winding reel 73, and the motor drives the rotating shaft 71 to rotate, so that the driving sprocket 711 pulls the film winding shaft 74 to move through the drive chain 72, thereby cooperating with the rotating part 76 and the matching part 77 , to realize the rotation of the film roll shaft 74. Wherein, the film roll shaft 74 can also be guided by the guide rail 78 during the moving process, so as to ensure the smooth movement of the film roll shaft 74 .

Based on the above technical solution, optionally, as shown in Figures 7-8, the greenhouse 1 also includes a water supply pipe 2, the lower installation surface of the greenhouse 1 is the ground reference plane A, and also includes a water collection container 3; the greenhouse 1 1 is formed with a plurality of sunken water collection tanks 11, the water collection tanks 11 are respectively connected to the water collection container 3, the water supply pipe 2 is connected to the water collection container 3; the lower edge of the greenhouse 1 is set There is an annular water blocking enclosure 4, the upper part of the annular water blocking enclosure 4 is located above the ground reference plane A, and the lower part of the annular water blocking enclosure 4 is located below the ground surface reference plane A, the The water supply pipe 2 is located below the ground reference plane A and lower than the annular water blocking enclosure 4 . Specifically, the surface reference plane A of the greenhouse 1 is the land surface on which the greenhouse 1 is built, and during infrastructure construction, an annular water-blocking fence 4 is set around the greenhouse 1, and the annular water-blocking fence 4 can block the outside of the greenhouse 1. The rainwater infiltrates from the ground surface into the surface soil layer in the greenhouse 1, thereby ensuring that the ground surface inside the greenhouse 1 remains dry and arid. In this way, during the growth of crops in the greenhouse 1, the watermelon 100 is directly treated from the ground by the water supply pipe 2. 1,000 roots of the root system are supplied with water to ensure that the surface is in a dry state. Weeds on the surface are difficult to germinate or survive due to lack of water. At the same time, the dry surface keeps the humidity in the inner space of the greenhouse 1 at a low level, so that bacteria and insects are very difficult. It is difficult to grow and reproduce on watermelon 100, which can greatly reduce the use of pesticides. At the same time, it can eliminate the use of herbicides, and it does not need to consume a lot of labor to manually weed, so as to achieve the purpose of green planting; at the same time, because the water supply pipe 2 is buried on the surface Next, the water supplied by the water supply pipe 2 is directly supplied to the root system 1000 of the watermelon 100, which overcomes the evaporation and loss of a large amount of water caused by surface watering in the prior art and reduces the water consumption; the root system 1000 can obtain sufficient water supply, while the dry surface can It is convenient for farmers to turn the soil for ventilation, which can greatly improve the quality of agricultural products. The water collection tank 11 on the greenhouse 1 is arranged obliquely, and the lower end of the water collection tank 11 is provided with a water outlet 12, and the water outlet 12 is connected to the water collection container 3, and rainwater is collected in the water collection container 3 in rainy days. When watering at ordinary times, the water in the water collection container 3 can be used to deliver the water to the water supply pipe 2, and since the water collection container 3 is located above the height space of the water supply pipe 2, only the controller needs to open the water supply solenoid valve 21, and gravity can be used to Self-flowing water supply, thereby reducing power consumption. Wherein, in the process of infrastructure construction, the annular water blocking enclosure 4 can be an annular water retaining plate, an annular plastic film, an annular water retaining belt or an annular civil construction water retaining wall, and the performance entity of the annular water blocking enclosure 4 in this embodiment No restrictions. In addition, the height dimension of the annular water-blocking enclosure 4 in this embodiment is determined according to the growth depth of the root system of the local weed species, so as to ensure that the depth of the dry soil layer on the surface does not meet the requirements for the growth of weeds, and the water supply pipe 2 The burial depth depends on the growth depth of the roots of the crops, and since the growth depth of the roots of the crops is greater than that of the weeds, the water supply pipe 2 will only supply water to the crops, and always ensure that the soil layer at a certain depth on the surface remains dry In this embodiment, the height dimension of the annular water blocking enclosure 4 and the buried depth dimension of the water supply pipe 2 are not limited. In the greenhouse 1, preferably, in order to control the water supply of the water supply pipe 2 more accurately, the upper and lower parts of the water supply pipe 2 are correspondingly provided with an upper humidity sensor 51 and a lower humidity sensor 52; 21 is connected with the water collection container 3, and the upper humidity sensor 51, the lower humidity sensor 52 and the solenoid valve 21 are respectively connected with the controller; the upper humidity sensor 51 and the lower humidity sensor 52 are all located at below the surface datum. Specifically, during the planting process of crops, trenches are dug in the interior of the greenhouse 1 to bury the water supply pipe 2 and the lower humidity sensor 52. During the burying process, the upper humidity sensor 51 is buried in the upper soil. The watermelon planting method also includes: In the irrigation process, the lower humidity sensor 52 detects the surrounding humidity value to judge whether the water supply pipe 2 is needed for water supply irrigation, and in the irrigation process, if the humidity detected by the upper humidity sensor 51 is greater than the set value, then stop the water supply pipe 2 to continue Irrigate to ensure that the surface is in a dry state, and the root system 1000 of the watermelon 100 can obtain the best water supply, and the roots of the crops are water-oriented, and there is more water in the deep soil, which will attract the root system 1000 of the watermelon 100 to go deeper Taking root in the ground enables watermelon 100 to grow more vigorously and obtain high-quality agricultural products.

Among them, in order to improve the anti-blocking performance, as shown in Fig. 9-Fig. The end of the inner tube wall of the head 21 is formed with an annular groove (unmarked), and a silicone cylinder 23 is arranged in the annular groove, and a plurality of through holes 231 are provided on the silicone cylinder 23. The silicone cylinder 23 Between the outer cylinder wall of the outer cylinder wall and the annular groove, there is a pressure-stabilizing outflow chamber 210, and the outer wall of the cylindrical dripper 21 is provided with a drainage hole 212 communicating with the pressure-stabilizing outflow chamber 210. The dripper 21 is set on the outside of the water pipe of the drip irrigation pipe 2, and the spiral buffer channel 200 is formed between the spiral groove 211 and the outer pipe wall of the water pipe of the drip irrigation pipe 2, and the spiral buffer channel 200 and the corresponding water outlet 20, the inner cylinder wall of the silicone cylinder 23 and the outer wall of the water pipe of the drip irrigation pipe 2 form a pressure regulating cavity 201, and the pressure regulating cavity 201 communicates with the spiral buffer channel 200, specifically Yes, the cylindrical dripper 21 used in the drip irrigation pipe 2 is set outside the water pipe of the drip irrigation pipe 2, and the cylindrical dripper 21 can be inlaid outside the water pipe of the drip irrigation pipe 2 by hot-melt welding. The spiral shape in the cylindrical dripper 21 The groove 211 and the outer wall of the drip irrigation pipe 2 form a spiral buffer channel 200. The spiral buffer channel 200 replaces the turbulent flow channel formed by the dripper in the prior art. Since the spiral buffer channel 200 is distributed on the periphery of the drip irrigation pipe 2, it can effectively increase The length of the spiral buffer channel 200 is beneficial to consume the water flow capacity and reduce the water pressure, so that the function of the turbulent flow channel can be realized through the spiral buffer channel 200, and the spiral buffer channel 200 increases the water flow stroke and consumes a lot of energy, so the spiral groove 211 can be much larger than the traditional inlaid cylindrical dripper. More importantly, the spiral buffer channel 200 stroke has no detours, corners, and dead ends, so as to avoid the precipitation and accumulation of large particles at the detours, corners, and dead ends. From the flow principle to avoid clogging. The water is input from the spiral buffer channel 200 into the pressure regulating cavity 201 and enters the pressure-stabilizing outflow cavity 210 through the through hole 231 and is output through the drainage hole 212 to realize drip irrigation. Preferably, a switchable elastic diaphragm 233 is also arranged in the through hole 231, and the silicone cylinder 23 protrudes and deforms outward under the action of water pressure. 233 can automatically adjust the opening angle according to the difference in water pressure. When the water pressure in the pressure regulating chamber 201 is small, the opening degree of the elastic diaphragm 233 is small or not opened, so as to ensure that the water flow in the outflow chamber 210 does not flow back and there is sufficient The water continuously flows out from the drain hole 212, which can automatically adjust the water pressure and stabilize the pressure. The elastic membrane 233 can be directly formed by not cutting off the remaining material when the through hole 231 is opened in the silicone cylinder 23 . In addition, in order to improve the anti-blocking performance, an anti-blocking assembly 22 is also arranged in the drain hole 212, and the anti-blocking assembly 22 includes an umbrella-shaped flexible cover 221 and a connecting rod 222, and the connecting rod 222 is inserted in the drain hole 212. Among them, one end of the connecting rod 222 is connected to the umbrella-shaped flexible cover 221, and the other end is connected to the silicone cylinder 23; the umbrella-shaped flexible cover 221 is located outside the cylindrical dripper 21 for covering Live the drain hole 212. When the cylindrical dripper 21 is not working, the shape of the silicone cylinder 23 is reset, and the connecting rod 222 is driven to move inward, so that the umbrella-shaped flexible cover 221 just covers the drain hole 212 to prevent foreign objects from blocking the flow channel. Under the cooperation of the silica gel cylinder 23 and the anti-blocking assembly 22, the drip irrigation pipe 2 has the following functions: 1. Pressure regulating chamber: after the water in the spiral buffer channel 200 flows into the pressure regulating chamber 201 and is filled with water, the silica gel cylinder 23 is filled with water in the water Under the action of pressure, it protrudes outwards and deforms, and drives the anti-blocking component 22 to move out of the pipe. At the same time, the water pressure pushes away the elastic diaphragm 233, and the water flows into the pressure-stabilizing outlet cavity 210, which is filled with water. Afterwards, the water flows out of the pipe through the drainage hole 212 to perform drip irrigation; in addition, when the water pressure in the pressure regulating chamber 201 is small, the opening degree of the elastic diaphragm 233 is small or not opened, thereby ensuring that the water flow in the outlet chamber does not flow back (with enough Fluid), to ensure continuous flow out of the liquid outlet, can automatically adjust the water pressure, and stabilize the flow. 2. Pressure replenishment: When the water pressure increases, the water flow rate is fast and the flow rate is large, and the silicone cylinder 23 protrudes and deforms to the outside of the circumference to increase, covering the drain hole 212, and the outflow speed of the drain hole 212 decreases; when the water pressure pressure is low , the flow rate is slow, the silicone cylinder 23 protrudes slightly from the shape of the cylindrical surface, the outflow hole 212 is less blocked, and the outflow speed of the water outlet is fast; in this way, the flow rate of the dripper is guaranteed to be consistent under different pressures.

Further, in order to realize automatic irrigation and planting, the greenhouse 1 also includes a controller (not shown), and a water level detector (not shown) connected to the controller is arranged in the water collection container 3, and the water collection container 3 The bottom of the container 3 is provided with an interface, and the interface is connected with a water pump 31. When the amount of rainwater in the rainy season is large, when the water level detector detects that the water in the water collection container 3 reaches the maximum water storage capacity, the water pump 31 ( Alternatively, if the water collection container 3 is higher than the water supply transfer container, the controller opens the flood discharge solenoid valve to transfer the excess rainwater to the water supply transfer container (not shown) in a self-flow manner), so as to facilitate the adjustment of water between greenhouses in different areas. After the transfer container exceeds the warning water level, the drain will be automatically opened to discharge excess rainwater to lakes, rivers and other places. For the same area, there is an uneven distribution of precipitation. In order to make full use of rainwater for irrigation, multiple water supply transfer containers (not shown) can be configured for multiple greenhouses 1 in the same area. The water pumps 31 are respectively connected with the water supply transfer container, so that in the actual water supply irrigation process, the water collection container 3 configured for the greenhouse 1 in the water shortage area can take water from the water supply transfer container, and at the same time, for the area with sufficient water The greenhouse 1 in the container can transfer part of the water in the water collection container 3 to the water supply transfer container, so as to effectively solve the impact caused by the uneven distribution of rainfall in the area.

Furthermore, the inside of the greenhouse 1 is provided with a temperature sensor (not shown) connected to the controller, and the greenhouse 1 is provided with a switchable vent (not shown). Specifically, the temperature sensor can Monitor the temperature in the greenhouse 1 in real time. When the temperature in the greenhouse 1 is too high, it will affect the rapid growth of the crops. Then a controller controls the greenhouse 1 to open the vent. The vent can be opened or closed, or it can be used Slide to open the insulation film, insulation quilt or insulation board of greenhouse 1. When the temperature in the greenhouse 1 is too low, it will also affect the rapid growth of crops, and the controller controls the greenhouse 1 to close the vents to keep warm in a timely manner. Preferably, in order to effectively prolong the photosynthesis time of crops, a switchable sunshade device 6 is also provided above the greenhouse 1, and the sunshade device 6 will cooperate with a light sensor (not shown). If the intensity is too strong, it will cause the crops to stop photosynthesis. After the light intensity detected by the light sensor is greater than the set value, the controller controls the sunshade device 6 to open and cover the greenhouse 1, reducing the light intensity in the greenhouse 1, so that the light intensity in the greenhouse 1 The crops continue to carry out photosynthesis, so that the nutrients of the crops are more abundant and the quality is better. The sunshade device 6 can be sunshade equipment such as a sunshade net, a sunshade film or a sunshade board.

In the watermelon planting method provided by the present invention, an annular water-blocking fence is set at the bottom of the greenhouse, and all precipitation is collected in combination with the greenhouse, so that the ground surrounded by the greenhouse cannot directly obtain water supply from the outside of the greenhouse, and the water supply pipe is buried below the ground. The root growth depth of the crops planted in the greenhouse, the burial depth of the water supply pipe should be reasonably designed, so that the water transported by the water supply pipe can meet the growth requirements of the crops, and ensure that the soil layer near the ground depth remains dry, so that Weeds cannot germinate or grow in the soil near the ground, so as to achieve the goal of no weeds. At the same time, because the ground in the greenhouse remains dry, the humidity in the greenhouse decreases, and in a dry environment, bacteria and insects It is difficult to grow and reproduce on crops, so as to achieve the effect of preventing pests and diseases, reduce the amount of pesticides used in greenhouses, and achieve the purpose of green planting; in addition, because the water collection container collects the water collected by the water collection tank of the greenhouse in rainy days, the water collection container is located in the Above the water supply pipe, gravity can be used to supply water to the water supply pipe, reducing power consumption. In addition, since the water supply pipe is buried in the soil layer, the evaporation of ground water is less, reducing water consumption and improving the quality of agricultural products. The greenhouse can achieve the goal of no weeds without herbicides, manual weeding, animal weeding, and mechanical weeding. It not only greatly reduces labor and mechanical costs, but also avoids the problem of pesticide residues caused by herbicides on crops, thus Basically realize the safety of agricultural products and food, protect the health of consumers, and effectively reduce the pests and diseases of crops at the same time, reduce the amount of pesticides used to prevent and control pests and diseases, and achieve the purpose of green and environmentally friendly planting. Harmless greenhouses can effectively reduce water consumption, automatically adjust the imbalance of rainfall between regions, automatically adjust the contradiction between rainfall and crop demand in each time period, and achieve the best match, which can greatly save water resources and solve the problem of The dryness of rivers and lakes caused by the over-exploitation of groundwater reproduces the beautiful environment of green mountains and green waters; the harmless greenhouse can intelligently control the moisture, light, and temperature required by the crops to optimize the climate indicators, thereby realizing the optimization of the quality of agricultural products.

Claims (10)

1. A watermelon planting method, characterized in that, comprising: The soil treatment process is to dig out the roots of the watermelon planted in the previous crop from the planting ground, and clean up all the watermelon seedlings, watermelon leaves and unharvested watermelons in the planting ground; Soil sterilization process, adding organic fertilizer formed by fermenting bean cake and fermented bacteria into the planting pit formed by excavating watermelon roots on the planting ground, and stirring evenly with the soil in the planting pit; Planting process, planting watermelon in the planting pit; In the process of preventing diseases and insect pests, after the watermelon seeds break through the soil and grow into melon seedlings, and during the growth process, the planting area is regularly sprayed with lime sulfur or organic pesticides. 2. The watermelon planting method according to claim 1, wherein the watermelon is planted in a greenhouse, wherein the greenhouse comprises a supporting frame and a first film arranged on the supporting frame, the first The lower part of the greenhouse film is also provided with a water collection tank, the installation surface of the lower part of the greenhouse is the ground reference surface, and the greenhouse also includes a water supply pipe and a water collection container, and several water outlets are arranged on the pipe wall of the water supply pipe. The water collection tanks are respectively connected to the water collection containers, and the water supply pipes are connected to the water collection containers; the lower edge of the support frame is provided with an annular water blocking enclosure, and the upper part of the annular water blocking enclosure is located on the above the ground datum level, the lower part of the annular water blocking enclosure is located below the ground surface datum level, the water supply pipe is located below the ground surface datum level and lower than the annular water blocking enclosure, the water supply The upper and lower parts of the tube are correspondingly provided with an upper humidity sensor and a lower humidity sensor; The watermelon planting method also includes: an irrigation process, drip irrigation is performed underground through a water supply pipe, during the drip irrigation process, if the humidity value detected by the lower humidity sensor is lower than the set value, the water collection container is controlled to supply water to the water supply pipe, and when the upper When the humidity value of the humidity sensor is higher than the set value, the control stops the water collection container from supplying water to the water supply pipe. 3. The watermelon planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the soil treatment process also includes digging trenches around the greenhouse to place the annular water-blocking enclosure, so that Under the action of the planting ground in the greenhouse, the depth D1 is kept dry and water-deficient, the water supply pipe is deeply buried in the planting ground depth D2 in the greenhouse, and the roots of the watermelon reach around the water supply pipe; wherein, D2>D1. 4. The watermelon planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, it also includes a roll film mechanism, and the roll film mechanism includes a roll film shaft for winding the first film and drives the roll film The driving mechanism for moving the film shaft. The film roll shaft is provided with a rotating part for converting linear motion into rotary motion to drive the film roll shaft to rotate. The supporting frame is also provided with a rotating part for cooperating with the rotating part. The lower edge of the first film is arranged on the film roll shaft to drive the rotating part to rotate; The watermelon planting method also includes: a ventilation and lighting process. When there is sunlight during the day, the rolling film mechanism rolls up the first greenhouse film, so that the watermelons in the greenhouse are ventilated and exposed to direct sunlight. 5. The watermelon planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that, the rotating part is a gear arranged on the roll film shaft, and the matching part is a rack; or, the rotating part is arranged on The sprocket on the film winding shaft, the matching part is a chain; or, the rotating part is a friction wheel arranged on the film winding shaft, and the matching part is a friction strip. 6. The watermelon planting method according to claim 2, wherein the drive mechanism comprises a motor, a rotating shaft, a drive chain and a winding reel, and the film roll shaft is provided with a rotatable bushing, and the drive One end of the chain is connected to the shaft sleeve, the other end of the driving chain is connected to the take-up reel, the motor is drivingly connected to the rotating shaft, and a driving sprocket is arranged on the rotating shaft, and the driving sprocket Engages with the drive chain. 7. The watermelon planting method according to claim 2, wherein the drive mechanism comprises a motor, two upper synchronous wheels and two lower synchronous wheels, and an upper synchronous lever is arranged between the two upper synchronous wheels , a lower synchronous rod is provided between the two lower synchronous wheels, a synchronous connector is provided between the upper synchronous wheel and the corresponding lower synchronous wheel, and a mounting seat is provided on the synchronous connector, and the The mounting base is provided with a shaft hole, the roll film shaft is arranged between the two mounting bases and is rotatably installed in the shaft hole, the upper synchronous wheel is disposed on the upper side of the top of the support frame, The lower synchronous wheel is disposed on the lower side of the top of the supporting frame. 8. watermelon planting method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described greenhouse also comprises controller, is provided with the water level detector that is connected with described controller in described water collecting container, the water collecting container of described water collecting container The lower part is provided with an interface, the interface is connected to a water pump, the water supply pipe is connected to the water collection container through a solenoid valve, and the upper humidity sensor, the lower humidity sensor and the solenoid valve are respectively connected to the controller; Both the upper humidity sensor and the lower humidity sensor are located below the ground reference plane. 9. The watermelon planting method according to claim 8, characterized in that, the inside of the greenhouse is provided with a temperature sensor connected to the controller, and the greenhouse is provided with switchable vents; and/or, the A switchable sunshade device is also arranged above the greenhouse, and the greenhouse also includes a light sensor, and the sunshade device and the light sensor are respectively connected to the controller. 10. The watermelon planting method according to claim 2, wherein the greenhouse comprises a plurality of greenhouses, each of which is equipped with the water supply pipe, the water collection container, the water pump and The controller; the greenhouse is also equipped with a water supply transfer container, and the water pumps are respectively connected with the water supply transfer container.