CN107896743A - A kind of method of Tomato in Greenhouse watering - Google Patents

A kind of method of Tomato in Greenhouse watering Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107896743A
CN107896743A CN201711259273.8A CN201711259273A CN107896743A CN 107896743 A CN107896743 A CN 107896743A CN 201711259273 A CN201711259273 A CN 201711259273A CN 107896743 A CN107896743 A CN 107896743A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
soil
moisture sensor
soil moisture
tomato
drip irrigation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201711259273.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
高珏晓
辛晓菲
李晓玲
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Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Industry Group Co Ltd
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Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Industry Group Co Ltd filed Critical Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN201711259273.8A priority Critical patent/CN107896743A/en
Publication of CN107896743A publication Critical patent/CN107896743A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/247Watering arrangements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/007Determining fertilization requirements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of Tomato in Greenhouse watering, makes " recessed " shape cultivation ridge, is made of 2 protrusion bands and 1 hollow zone, protrusion bandwidth 20cm, high 20cm;The bandwidth that is recessed 30cm, depth 10cm, adjacent 2 cultivations ridge spacing 120cm;The protrusion that tomatidine is implanted in " recessed " shape cultivation ridge both sides takes;Sunlight indoor location drip irrigation equipment is irrigated for tomato, and drip irrigation zone is installed among hollow zone;1 group of soil moisture sensor is set on cultivation ridge, and realization automatically controls irrigation.The present invention can make plough horizon remain the required appropriate aqueous amount of Development of Tomato, and after watering, fertilizing, rich water is distributed in arable layer, and is evenly distributed, and rich water utilization rate is high, can reduce fertilizer amount.The present invention more water-saving than existing the Integration of Water into Fertilizer more than 15%, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improve 8.5%, and fertilizer, which subtracts, applies more than 12.8%.

Description

A kind of method of Tomato in Greenhouse watering
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vegetables in day-light greenhouse sprinkling method, more particularly to a kind of heliogreenhouse for reducing rich water and being lost in The method that tomato automatically controls irrigation.
Background technology
General liquid manure all-in-one machine, irrigation moment and irrigates continuous time by experience accumulation and experimental data to determine, this method It can not make the water content and concentration of fertilizer that soil conservation is optimal.Existing rich water integrated technique, improves to a certain extent The utilization rate of moisture and fertilizer, but still leakage and the phenomenon of the leaching loss of nutrient there are irrigation water.Meanwhile prior art trickle irrigation Opening of device and closing are controlled by one of same place or a collection of soil moisture sensor, when causing to water around crop root Moisture distribution is uneven.
How to realize the intelligent control of Tomato in Greenhouse moisture, will be not only that irrigation management person eliminates manual operations Labor, and field irrigation can be made more accurate, reliable, rich water utilization rate is high, few with fertilizer, really realize " irrigation is crop, Rather than irrigate land ".
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of method of Tomato in Greenhouse watering, this method can make Plough horizon remains the required optimum moisture content of Development of Tomato, reduces rich water and is lost in, improves rich water utilization rate.
It is as follows for solution above technical problem, a kind of method of Tomato in Greenhouse of the invention watering, technical solution:Day " recessed " shape cultivation ridge is made in light greenhouse, is made of 2 protrusion bands and 1 hollow zone, protrusion bandwidth 20cm, high 20cm;Depression Bandwidth 30cm, depth 10cm, adjacent 2 cultivations ridge spacing 120cm;
The protrusion that tomatidine is implanted in " recessed " shape cultivation ridge both sides takes, spacing in the rows 40cm;
The drip irrigation equipment that sunlight indoor location itself attaches controller is irrigated for tomato, and drip irrigation zone is installed in hollow zone Between;
Optional " recessed " shape cultivation ridge in heliogreenhouse, installs 1 group of soil moisture sensor, often on " recessed " shape cultivation ridge Group soil moisture sensor is made of 1 soil moisture sensor A and 1 soil moisture sensor B, i.e., using single-point dual control mould Formula installs soil moisture sensor.Specific method:Selected " recessed " shape cultivation ridge hollow zone away from drip irrigation zone 10cm locate, be inserted into 1 Soil moisture sensor A, soil moisture sensor A pop one's head in away from hollow zone concave surface soil surface 5cm;Cultivated in selected " recessed " shape The middle of any bar protrusion band on ridge, then another 1 soil moisture sensor B is embedded to, soil moisture sensor B pops one's head in away from protrusion Band convex surface soil surface 5cm.
Drip irrigation equipment is turned on and off being controlled by controller, soil moisture sensor A and soil moisture sensor B with control Device connection processed, the controller are used to judge the soil water that the soil moisture sensor A or soil moisture sensor B are sent Whether point content reaches default threshold value, when soil moisture sensor A detects that soil water content is not more than 55%, trickle irrigation Equipment starts to water, and when soil moisture sensor B detects that soil water content is not less than 82.5%, trickle irrigation is set It is standby that stopping watering being automatically closed.
A kind of prioritization scheme, the soil water content are soil relative amount.
A kind of prioritization scheme, the cultivated area of the heliogreenhouse are not more than 2 × 667m2
The present invention after the above technical solution is adopted, compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
(1)By varying cultivation ridge structure and cropping pattern, innovation soil moisture sensor is set this method, distribution pattern, real Now according to soil moisture, automatic control control irrigation intensity, can make plough horizon remain that Development of Tomato is required Appropriate aqueous amount, after watering, fertilizing, rich water is distributed in arable layer, and is evenly distributed, and rich water leakage, flow vector are few, rich water Utilization rate is high.According to statistics, 8.5% is improved than existing rich water integrated technique water-saving more than 15%, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, fertilizer, which subtracts, to be applied More than 12.8%.
(2)The double soil moisture sensor distribution patterns of this method innovation single-point, soil moisture sensor dosage is few, 1 cultivation Training area is not more than 2 × 667m2Heliogreenhouse 1 group of soil moisture sensor is only installed(Totally 2), change existing rich water one Multiple single soil moisture sensors are set in diverse location for the accuracy of gathered data in body technology(Multiple spot list soil Earth moisture transducer)Pattern, drip irrigation equipment cost can be substantially reduced, it is highly practical, be adapted to be widely popularized.
(3)This method can effectively control the generation of the common soil-borne disease base rot disease of tomato.
(4)This method is unmanned, full-automatic trickle irrigation, and the labor intensity for the person that can be greatly reduced agricultural planting, saves labor The dynamic time, labour cost is reduced, is liberated the productive forces.
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is for the ease of understanding the present invention, without the claim and core limiting the invention in any way Content.
Embodiment 1 is in cultivated area 1100m2Planting in solar-greenhouse tomato, kind Qi Dali.Make by 2 Protrude " recessed " shape cultivation ridge of band and 1 hollow zone composition, protrusion bandwidth 20cm, high 20cm;The bandwidth that is recessed 30cm, depth 10cm, Adjacent 2 cultivations ridge spacing 120cm.
The protrusion that tomatidine is implanted in " recessed " shape cultivation ridge both sides takes, and spacing in the rows 40cm, hangs climing for 30 days after field planting.
The drip irrigation equipment that sunlight indoor location 1 itself attaches controller is irrigated for tomato, and drip irrigation zone is installed on recessed It is middle to fall into band.
Soil moisture sensor, specific method are installed using single-point pattern of double controlling:One among the close heliogreenhouse of selection Bar " recessed " shape cultivates ridge, at its hollow zone is away from drip irrigation zone 10cm, is inserted into 1 soil moisture sensor A, soil moisture sensor A pops one's head in away from hollow zone concave surface soil surface 5cm;In the middle of its any bar protrusion band, then it is embedded to another 1 soil moisture sensing Device B, soil moisture sensor B probe are away from protrusion band convex surface soil surface 5cm.
Soil moisture sensor A and soil moisture sensor B are connected with controller, and controller is by judging soil moisture Whether the soil water content that sensors A or soil moisture sensor B are sent reaches default threshold value control drip irrigation equipment certainly Dynamic to be turned on and off, when soil moisture sensor A detects that soil water content is not more than 55%, drip irrigation equipment starts Watering, when soil moisture sensor B detects that soil water content is not less than 82.5%, drip irrigation equipment, which is closed, stops watering.Soil Earth moisture is soil relative amount.
The Soil available nitrogen content of different depth is detected before plantation and after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested respectively, passes through the content of different soils depth Change judges rich water wastage.
Result of the test:The Soil available nitrogen content of soil 20cm, 30cm, 40cm and 50cm depth is respectively before plantation 102.8mg/kg, 85.7mg/kg, 65.3mg/kg and 44.7mg/kg;Soil 20cm, 30cm, 40cm and 50cm depth after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested Soil available nitrogen content be respectively 162.3mg/kg, 94.5mg/kg, 67.3mg/kg and 45.2mg/kg.Wherein, soil 20cm Before place's Soil available nitrogen content is more than plantation after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and difference is extremely notable;After Soil available nitrogen content is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested at soil 40cm Before plantation, and significant difference;Do not change after soil 40cm and 50cm Soil available nitrogen content is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested and before plantation.
The above results show:After applying fertilizer by this method, rich water is mainly distributed in arable layer, and is evenly distributed, Rich water leakage is few, is conducive to Tomato Root System and absorbs and reduce stray arrow, rich water utilization rate is high.
For embodiment 2 in same plot, it is 950m to select cultivated area2Before in after 3 heliogreenhouses plantation tomatoes, The structure and edaphic condition of 3 heliogreenhouses(Including soil types and soil fertility etc.)It is identical.Every heliogreenhouse is as 1 Processing, varieties of plant is longevity tomato No. 1.
Processing 1:Cultivate the distribution mode method using the present invention of the setting and soil moisture sensor on ridge, particular technique Scheme is the same as embodiment 1.
Processing 2:Cultivate ridge to set using prior art size row, wide row space 70cm, small line-spacing 50cm, the high 20cm in ridge, ridge Wide 20cm;Sunlight indoor location 1 itself attaches the drip irrigation equipment of controller, and drip irrigation zone is installed among small row.Selection is leaned on A small row among nearly heliogreenhouse, at away from drip irrigation zone 10cm, is inserted into a soil moisture sensor A, soil moisture passes Sensor A pops one's head in away from soil surface 5cm;Among the cultivation ridge of small row side, then it is embedded to another 1 soil moisture sensor B, soil Moisture transducer B probes are away from cultivation ridge ridge face 5cm.Soil moisture sensor A and soil moisture sensor B connects with controller Connect, controller is by judging whether the soil moisture that soil moisture sensor A or soil moisture sensor B are sent reaches default Humidity threshold control drip irrigation equipment automatically turn on or close, when soil moisture sensor A detect soil moisture be not more than 55% When, drip irrigation equipment starts to water, when soil moisture sensor B detects that soil moisture is not less than 82.5%, drip irrigation equipment Close and stop watering.
Processing 3:The setting on ridge is cultivated with embodiment 1.The distribution mode and quantity of soil moisture sensor select compared with Technology.Concrete scheme:Sunlight indoor location 1 itself attaches the drip irrigation equipment of controller, and drip irrigation zone is installed in hollow zone Between.8-10 soil moisture sensor is chosen, is evenly distributed in heliogreenhouse, soil moisture sensor is inserted into away from drip irrigation zone At 15cm.Soil moisture sensor is connected with controller, the soil that controller is sent by judging soil moisture sensor Whether humidity, which reaches default humidity threshold control drip irrigation equipment, automatically turns on or closes, when soil moisture sensor detects soil When earth moisture average value is not more than 55%, drip irrigation equipment starts to water, when soil moisture sensor detects that soil moisture is put down When average is not less than 82.5%, drip irrigation equipment, which is closed, stops watering.
In order to verify the utilization rate situation of fertilizer, in addition to watering is automatically controlled from artificial limitation, 3 processing are applied complete Identical fertilizer amount, finally counts 667m2Yield.
667m2Yield result:Processing 1, processing 2, processing 3 are respectively 11185.3kg, 9849.8kg and 9697.4kg, are located Reason 1 increases production 13.6%, 15.3% respectively than processing 2, processing 3.Using 1 mode that handles, utilization rate of fertilizer highest.
The Soil available nitrogen content of different depth is detected before plantation and after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested respectively, passes through the content of different soils depth Change judges rich water wastage.Testing result is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Processing 1:Before being more than plantation after Soil available nitrogen content is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested at soil 20cm, and difference is extremely notable;It is native at soil 30cm Before the quick-acting nitrogen contents of earth are more than plantation after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and significant difference;Soil 40cm and 50cm Soil available nitrogen content uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested after and Do not change before plantation.
Processing 2:Before being more than plantation after Soil available nitrogen content is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested at soil 20cm, 30cm, 40cm and 50cm, and difference It is extremely notable.
Processing 3:There is identical variation tendency with processing 2.
Processing 1 has no base rot disease, and handling 2 and handling 3 has fragmentary generation.
After only processing 1 application fertilizer described above, rich water is mainly distributed in arable layer, and rich water is leaked to deep subsoil Amount is few, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high.The setting on ridge and the distribution mode of soil moisture sensor is cultivated to be lost in reducing rich water, improve fertilizer Expect that utilization rate is closely related." recessed " shape cultivates ridge and soil moisture sensor single-point dual control distribution pattern organic assembling, Cai Nengshi The technology effect of existing " being distributed in using rich water after rich water in arable layer, rich water is few to deep subsoil leakage, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high " Fruit, Neither of the two can be dispensed.
Embodiment 3 is in cultivated area 1200m2Planting in solar-greenhouse tomato, kind Qi Dali.Heliogreenhouse one It is divided into two, half implements the present invention, another to implement existing rich water integrated technique.Verify the fertile situation of water-saving and section.
Processing 1:Cultivate the distribution mode method using the present invention of the setting and soil moisture sensor on ridge, particular technique Scheme is the same as embodiment 1.
Processing 2:Cultivate the setting on ridge and the distribution mode of soil moisture sensor use existing rich water integrated technique, Concrete technical scheme:Cultivate ridge to set using prior art size row, wide row space 70cm, small line-spacing 50cm, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 20cm;Sunlight indoor location 1 itself attaches the drip irrigation equipment of controller, and drip irrigation zone is installed among small row.Choose 10 Soil moisture sensor, is evenly distributed in heliogreenhouse, and soil moisture sensor is inserted at away from drip irrigation zone 15cm.Soil moisture Sensor is connected with controller, and controller is by judging whether the soil moisture that soil moisture sensor is sent reaches default Humidity threshold control drip irrigation equipment automatically turn on or close, when soil moisture sensor detects that soil moisture average value is little When 55%, drip irrigation equipment starts to water, when soil moisture sensor detects that soil moisture average value is not less than 82.5% When, drip irrigation equipment, which is closed, stops watering.
Result of the test:On the premise of yield does not reduce, processing 1 is improved than processing 2 water-saving more than 15%, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer 8.5%, fertilizer, which subtracts, applies more than 12.8%.
Above soil moisture sensor is with the known products that controller is at present on the market, innovative point of the invention The sprinkling method, does not lie in device in itself, as long as can realize that the soil moisture sensor of function above is equal with controller Can.
The above is the citing of best mode for carrying out the invention, wherein the part do not addressed in detail is that this area is common The common knowledge of technical staff.Protection scope of the present invention is subject to the content of claim, any technology based on the present invention The equivalent transformation for enlightening and carrying out, also within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

  1. A kind of 1. method of Tomato in Greenhouse watering, it is characterised in that:" recessed " shape cultivation ridge is made, by 2 protrusion bands and 1 Hollow zone forms, protrusion bandwidth 20cm, high 20cm;The bandwidth that is recessed 30cm, depth 10cm, adjacent 2 cultivations ridge spacing 120cm;
    The protrusion that tomatidine is implanted in " recessed " shape cultivation ridge both sides takes, spacing in the rows 40cm;
    Sunlight indoor location drip irrigation equipment is irrigated for tomato, and drip irrigation zone is installed among hollow zone;
    Optional " recessed " shape cultivates ridge, at hollow zone is away from drip irrigation zone 10cm, is inserted into 1 soil moisture sensor A, the soil water Sub-sensor A pops one's head in away from hollow zone concave surface soil surface 5cm;In the middle of any bar protrusion band, then it is embedded to another 1 soil water Sub-sensor B, soil moisture sensor B probe are away from protrusion band convex surface soil surface 5cm;
    Drip irrigation equipment is automatically turned on or closed and controlled by controller, soil moisture sensor A and soil moisture sensor B with control Device connection processed, the controller are used to judge the soil water that the soil moisture sensor A or soil moisture sensor B are sent Whether point content reaches default threshold value, when soil moisture sensor A detects that soil water content is not more than 55%, trickle irrigation Opening of device starts to water, and when soil moisture sensor B detects that soil water content is not less than 82.5%, drip irrigation equipment closes Close stopping watering.
  2. 2. the method for Tomato in Greenhouse watering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The cultivation face of the heliogreenhouse Product is not more than 2 × 667m2
  3. 3. the method for Tomato in Greenhouse watering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The soil water content is soil Earth relative amount.
CN201711259273.8A 2017-12-04 2017-12-04 A kind of method of Tomato in Greenhouse watering Pending CN107896743A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN200997815Y (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-01-02 北京林业大学 Wireless supervisory equipment of the water-saving irrigation of the green space in city
CN205229849U (en) * 2015-12-03 2016-05-11 洛阳世博液压传动有限公司 Novel automatically, irrigate soil moisture controlling and monitoring ware
CN106376342A (en) * 2016-09-07 2017-02-08 淮南市农康农业科技有限公司 Method for planting pure natural tomatoes
CN107041260A (en) * 2017-03-12 2017-08-15 秦春明 Greenhouse system and greenhouse gardening method
CN107182620A (en) * 2017-01-17 2017-09-22 青岛农业大学 Drip irrigation type agricultural greenhouse system and greenhouse gardening method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN200997815Y (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-01-02 北京林业大学 Wireless supervisory equipment of the water-saving irrigation of the green space in city
CN205229849U (en) * 2015-12-03 2016-05-11 洛阳世博液压传动有限公司 Novel automatically, irrigate soil moisture controlling and monitoring ware
CN106376342A (en) * 2016-09-07 2017-02-08 淮南市农康农业科技有限公司 Method for planting pure natural tomatoes
CN107182620A (en) * 2017-01-17 2017-09-22 青岛农业大学 Drip irrigation type agricultural greenhouse system and greenhouse gardening method
CN107041260A (en) * 2017-03-12 2017-08-15 秦春明 Greenhouse system and greenhouse gardening method

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