CN111727795B - High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for waxberry trees in North China - Google Patents
High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for waxberry trees in North China Download PDFInfo
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- CN111727795B CN111727795B CN202010584570.5A CN202010584570A CN111727795B CN 111727795 B CN111727795 B CN 111727795B CN 202010584570 A CN202010584570 A CN 202010584570A CN 111727795 B CN111727795 B CN 111727795B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for realizing high yield and high quality of waxberry trees in the north of Yangtze river; the culture device adopted by the cultivation method comprises a base, a water injection pipe, a fixing plate, a rotating shaft and a flowerpot; a transfer unit is arranged in the flowerpot and comprises a first plate, a water pipe and a piston cylinder; the cultivation and transplantation of the waxberry seedlings are realized through the matching of the base, the water injection pipe, the fixing plate, the rotating shaft and the flowerpot; at the in-process that the flowerpot removed to the fixed plate direction, the flowerpot produces the extrusion to the piston cylinder for water in the piston cylinder flows to the water jet blowout through the water service pipe, has realized carrying out moist effect to earth in the flowerpot, thereby has effectively improved the effect of condensing between the earth, avoids at the in-process that the red bayberry sapling was transplanted, and the partial dry earth receives gravity to take place loose back and drops, thereby causes the damage to the root of red bayberry sapling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method for waxberry trees in the north of Yangtze river.
Background
The waxberry belongs to evergreen trees, the bark of the waxberry is gray, and the waxberry longitudinally and lightly splits when old; the crown is spherical; the twigs and buds have no hairs, skin holes are usually few but not obvious, and when the twigs and buds are young, the twigs and buds are only surrounded by round and peltate glands; the leaf leathers are hairless, fall off after living for 2 years and are often concentrated on the upper end parts of the small branches; acid soil is favored; produced in most areas of China and grown in hillside or valley forests with the elevation of 125-; the bark is rich in tannin and can be used as red brown dye and medicinal astringent; the waxberry is wet-loving and yin-tolerant, the crown is large, the root system distribution is wide, the waxberry garden is required to be built on acid yellow soil and red yellow soil with the elevation lower than 800 m, the gradient lower than 45 degrees, the thick humus layer and the pH value of 4.5-5.5, and the waxberry is ventilated to the yin, so that the waxberry is convenient to intensively manage and convenient to transport and transport in mountainous regions, hills, places with weak light and deep soil layers; the climate condition is subtropical humid monsoon climate; the high-quality and high-yield solar greenhouse has more remarkable high quality and high yield under the microclimate conditions of larger light radiation, sufficient heat, higher accumulated temperature in winter and spring and moderate and less rainfall distribution in summer and autumn.
Some technical schemes related to a cultivation method of waxberry trees also appear in the prior art, for example, a Chinese patent with application number of 2018106606691 discloses a cultivation method of waxberry trees, belonging to the technical field of plant cultivation; selecting a proper Anhai hard silk waxberry tree as a stock and a red waxberry tree as a scion in the sprouting period of 2-3 months, respectively grafting the scion and the red waxberry tree by adopting a cutting method after sterilizing the scion and wrapping the grafting position by using a plastic film, culturing a grafted seedling under a shading condition, regularly spraying nutrient solution, cutting an opening at the top of a plastic bag for packaging the scion after the scion bud of the scion grows out, timely trimming the branch bud grown out from the stock to ensure that the scion is positioned at the top end, and finally transplanting the grafted seedling to a gentle north slope with the altitude of less than 500 meters and the place with good permeability sandy subacid soil for planting; the grafted seedling has the advantages that the fruit obtained after the grafted seedling is mature is red in color, uniform in coloring, thick in pulp, crisp and tasty in texture, extremely resistant to storage and transportation, and not easy to be extruded and damaged in the picking and transportation process, so that the marketing time of the grafted seedling is prolonged; however, in the technical scheme, the waxberry seedlings are directly planted in the fruit field in the early stage of culture, and the fruit field cannot provide sufficient nutrition in the early stage of growth of the waxberry trees, so that the early growth of the waxberry trees is slow, and the normal development of the waxberry seedlings is influenced; if the fruit field is directly fertilized, a large amount of fertilizer needs to be consumed if the fruit field needs to reach the fertility standard due to large area of the fruit field, so that the overall utilization rate of the fertilizer is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the problems that the fruit field cannot provide sufficient nutrition in the early growth stage of the waxberry tree are solved, so that the early growth stage of the waxberry tree is slow, and the normal development of waxberry tree seedlings is influenced; if the fruit field is directly fertilized, because the area of the fruit field is large, if the fruit field needs to reach the fertility standard, a large amount of fertilizer needs to be consumed, so that the overall utilization rate of the fertilizer is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a cultivation method for realizing high yield and high quality of waxberry trees in the north of Yangtze river, which comprises the following steps:
s1: determining original seedlings required for cultivation, selecting healthy waxberry trees so that the waxberry trees do not have any insect pests, and selecting complete and robust branches for cultivation preparation when the waxberry trees are in a full bearing period with full and full axillary buds;
s2: paving basic nutrient soil at the bottom end of the culture device, performing pretreatment on the surface of the branches obtained in the step S1 to remove the tips and leaves on the surfaces of the leaves, planting the treated branches into the culture device, and performing basic water supplement in the culture device;
s3: the branches are subjected to subsequent fertilization treatment, and once topdressing is respectively realized in summer and autumn in the first year of branch culture, so that the nutritional requirements of the branches are ensured; after the branches grow stably in the first year, the branches are transferred out of the culture device by using a transfer unit in the culture device and planted in a fruit field, so that the cultivation of the waxberry trees is completed;
the culture device adopted in the steps comprises a base, a water injection pipe, a fixing plate, a rotating shaft and a flowerpot; a water diversion groove is formed in the base; the water injection pipe is arranged on the base and communicated with the water diversion groove; the fixed plates are symmetrically arranged on the base; the rotating shaft is arranged on the fixed plate; the flowerpot is arranged on the fixing plate, and the top end of the rotating shaft penetrates into the flowerpot, so that the rotating shaft is connected with the side wall of the flowerpot through threads; a transfer unit is arranged in the flowerpot and comprises a first plate, a water pipe and a piston cylinder; the first plate is arranged on the side wall of the top end of the rotating shaft, and a water spray nozzle is arranged on the first plate; the piston cylinder is arranged between the fixing plate and the flowerpot, so that the bottom end of the piston cylinder is arranged on the fixing plate, the top end of the piston cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the flowerpot, and clear water is filled in the piston cylinder through the water diversion groove; one end of the water service pipe is communicated with the piston cylinder, and the other end of the water service pipe is communicated with the water spraying port; the cultivation and transplantation of the waxberry seedlings are realized through the matching of the base, the water injection pipe, the fixing plate, the rotating shaft and the flowerpot; when the device is used, in the early stage of cultivation of the waxberry saplings, the waxberry saplings are planted in the flowerpots firstly, watering is carried out through the water injection pipes at the moment, water flows to the water diversion grooves through the water injection pipes, the piston cylinders are opened at the moment, so that the water flows to the piston cylinders through the water diversion grooves to supplement water sources, and the piston cylinders are closed after the water in the piston cylinders is supplemented; when the waxberry tree seedlings in the flowerpot need to be transplanted, a worker holds the flowerpot to rotate towards the direction close to the fixing plate, and in the rotating process of the flowerpot, the first plate moves relatively in the flowerpot towards the direction far away from the bottom end of the flowerpot, so that soil in the flowerpot and the waxberry tree seedlings are ejected out of the flowerpot, and the transplanting of the waxberry tree seedlings is realized; at the in-process that the flowerpot removed to the fixed plate direction, the flowerpot produces the extrusion to the piston cylinder for water in the piston cylinder flows to the water jet blowout through the water service pipe, has realized carrying out moist effect to earth in the flowerpot, thereby has effectively improved the effect of condensing between the earth, avoids at the in-process that the red bayberry sapling was transplanted, and the partial dry earth receives gravity to take place loose back and drops, thereby causes the damage to the root of red bayberry sapling.
Preferably, the side wall of the top end of the first plate is symmetrically provided with first sliding grooves; a sliding block is connected in the first sliding groove in a sliding manner; the sliding block is connected with the inner side wall of the bottom end of the flowerpot through a string, and the top end of the sliding block is provided with a positioning plate; the top end of the positioning plate is provided with a baffle plate, so that when the sliding block slides to the end part of the first sliding groove close to the side wall of the flowerpot, the baffle plate is in contact with the inner side wall of the flowerpot; the agglomeration effect of the soil side wall in the flowerpot is enhanced through the cooperation of the sliding block, the positioning plate and the blocking piece; during the use, when the red bayberry sapling in the flowerpot is transplanted to needs, the staff is holding up the flowerpot and is rotating to the direction that is close to the fixed plate, at the rotatory in-process of flowerpot, a board carries out relative motion to the direction of keeping away from the flowerpot bottom in the flowerpot, distance between a board and the flowerpot bottom is more and more far away promptly, this moment under the effect of string, the pulling slider is to sliding on the direction of being close to a board in the spout, the slider drives the separation blade and slides to the direction of being close to a board when gliding, thereby extrude the interior earth lateral wall of flowerpot through the separation blade, thereby strengthen the effect of gathering of earth in the flowerpot, further guaranteed the transplantation in-process at the red bayberry sapling, protection to red bayberry sapling root, thereby strengthen the cultivation effect of red bayberry sapling.
Preferably, the first plate is internally symmetrically provided with second sliding grooves, so that the second sliding grooves are communicated with the first sliding grooves, and the side wall of the top end of the first plate is provided with the second plate; the side wall of the sliding block close to the second sliding groove is provided with a mandril; the end part of the ejector rod, which is far away from the sliding block, is hinged with a connecting rod; the end part of the connecting rod, which is far away from the ejector rod, is hinged on the side wall of the bottom end of the second plate; the coagulation effect on the bottom end of soil in the flowerpot is enhanced through the matching of the first plate, the second plate, the ejector rod and the connecting rod; when the red bayberry tree seedling transplanting device is used, when a red bayberry tree seedling in the flowerpot needs to be transplanted, a worker holds the flowerpot to rotate towards a direction close to the fixing plate, the first plate moves relatively towards a direction far away from the bottom end of the flowerpot in the rotating process of the flowerpot, namely the distance between the first plate and the bottom end of the flowerpot is more and more far away, at the moment, under the action of the string, the sliding block is pulled to slide towards the direction close to the first plate in the sliding groove, the sliding block drives the ejector rod to slide towards the second sliding groove in the sliding process, the ejector rod extrudes the connecting rod after sliding, so that the connecting rod rotates after being pressed to eject the second plate out, and in the process that the second plate is ejected out, the second plate extrudes the bottom end of soil in the flowerpot, the condensation effect of the bottom end part of the soil is enhanced, the second plate can also be pushed to slide relative to the side wall, and therefore the extrusion process of the soil by the blocking piece is avoided, and the partially wet soil drives the roots of the waxberry seedlings to be adhered to the side walls of the separation blades.
Preferably, the surface of the first sliding chute is provided with elastic cloth; one end of the elastic cloth is arranged on the side wall of the sliding block close to the second plate, and the other end of the elastic cloth is arranged on the side wall of the first sliding groove; the sliding effect of the sliding block is prevented from being influenced by the fact that part of soil is clamped into the first sliding groove through the matching of the first sliding groove, the sliding block and the elastic cloth; during the use, when the red bayberry sapling in the flowerpot was transplanted to needs, the staff is holding the flowerpot and is rotating to the direction that is close to the fixed plate, at the rotatory in-process of flowerpot, a board carries out relative motion to the direction of keeping away from the flowerpot bottom in the flowerpot, the distance between a board and the flowerpot bottom is more and more far away promptly, at this moment under the effect of string, the pulling slider is to sliding on the direction of being close to a board in the spout, for avoiding partial earth to drop to causing the jam of slider in a spout, be equipped with elastic cloth on a spout surface, thereby guaranteed the whole slip in-process at the slider, debris can not appear in a spout and caused the jam to the slip of slider, when avoiding simultaneously when red bayberry sapling root to grow to a spout in, cause the injury to red bayberry sapling root in the slip in-process of slider.
Preferably, the side wall of the baffle plate is provided with a groove, so that the flowing effect of water in soil is enhanced; during the use, at the in-process that the flowerpot removed to the fixed plate direction, the flowerpot produces the extrusion to the piston cylinder, make the water in the piston cylinder flow to the water jet blowout through the water service pipe, realized carrying out moist effect to earth in the flowerpot, thereby effectively improved the effect of condensing between the earth, after the separation blade lateral wall is opened flutedly, flow to the earth on flowerpot upper strata along the recess through water jet spun part rivers in, thereby realized the effective utilization to rivers, guarantee that rivers can carry out abundant wetting to the earth lateral wall, avoid rivers only produce in the flowerpot bottom and pile up, thereby further guaranteed the holistic effect of condensing of earth.
Preferably, the transverse section of the baffle plate is crescent, and the side wall of the baffle plate is tangent to the inner side wall of the flowerpot, so that part of soil is prevented from being adhered to the inner side wall of the flowerpot after being wetted; when the flowerpot is used, when the waxberry tree seedlings in the flowerpot need to be transplanted, a worker holds the flowerpot to rotate towards the direction close to the fixing plate, in the rotating process of the flowerpot, the first plate moves relatively towards the direction far away from the bottom end of the flowerpot in the flowerpot, namely, the distance between the first plate and the bottom end of the flowerpot is more and more far away, at the moment, under the action of the string, the sliding block is pulled to slide towards the direction close to the first plate in the sliding groove, the sliding block drives the blocking piece to slide towards the direction close to the first plate while sliding, so that the soil side wall in the flowerpot is extruded through the blocking piece, meanwhile, the transverse cross section shape of the blocking piece is designed to be crescent, the resistance of the blocking piece between soil is effectively reduced, the blocking piece is prevented from being damaged by soil distribution in the flowerpot when sliding and rotating relative to the flowerpot, and the integrity of the root parts of the waxberry tree seedlings in the whole transplanting process is ensured, the overall use effect of the culture device is enhanced.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the cultivation method for the bayberry tree in the north of the Yangtze river, the bayberry tree seedlings are cultivated and transplanted through the cooperation of the base, the water injection pipe, the fixing plate, the rotating shaft and the flowerpot, the effect of wetting soil in the flowerpot is achieved, the condensation effect among the soil is effectively improved, and the damage to the roots of the bayberry tree seedlings caused by the fact that part of dry soil is loosened by gravity and then falls off in the process of transplanting the bayberry tree seedlings is avoided.
2. According to the cultivation method for the bayberry fruit trees in the north of the Yangtze river, the sliding effect of the sliding block is prevented from being influenced by partial soil clamped in the first sliding groove through the matching of the first sliding groove, the sliding block and the elastic cloth, the sliding of the sliding block cannot be blocked by sundries in the first sliding groove in the whole sliding process of the sliding block, and meanwhile, the roots of the bayberry seedlings are prevented from being damaged in the sliding process of the sliding block when the roots of the bayberry seedlings grow into the first sliding groove.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a culture apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a pot useful in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a baffle plate employed in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at A;
FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view at B in FIG. 3;
in the figure: the water supply device comprises a base 1, a water diversion groove 11, a water injection pipe 2, a fixing plate 3, a rotating shaft 4, a flowerpot 5, a transfer unit 6, a first plate 61, a water spray opening 611, a first sliding groove 612, a sliding block 613, a positioning plate 614, a second sliding groove 615, a top rod 616, a connecting rod 617, elastic cloth 618, a water pipe 62, a piston cylinder 63, a blocking piece 64, a groove 641 and a second plate 65.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 6, the cultivation method for achieving high yield and high quality of the bayberry fruit trees in the north of the Yangtze river of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: determining original seedlings required for cultivation, selecting healthy waxberry trees so that the waxberry trees do not have any insect pests, and selecting complete and robust branches for cultivation preparation when the waxberry trees are in a full bearing period with full and full axillary buds;
s2: paving basic nutrient soil at the bottom end of the culture device, performing pretreatment on the surface of the branches obtained in the step S1 to remove the tips and leaves on the surfaces of the leaves, planting the treated branches into the culture device, and performing basic water supplement in the culture device;
s3: the branches are subjected to subsequent fertilization treatment, and once topdressing is respectively realized in summer and autumn in the first year of branch culture, so that the nutritional requirements of the branches are ensured; after the branches grow stably in the first year, the branches are transferred out of the culture device by using a transfer unit in the culture device and planted in a fruit field, so that the cultivation of the waxberry trees is completed;
the culture device adopted in the steps comprises a base 1, a water injection pipe 2, a fixing plate 3, a rotating shaft 4 and a flowerpot 5; a water diversion groove 11 is formed in the base 1; the water injection pipe 2 is arranged on the base 1, and the water injection pipe 2 is communicated with the water diversion groove 11; the fixed plates 3 are symmetrically arranged on the base 1; the rotating shaft 4 is arranged on the fixed plate 3; the flowerpot 5 is arranged on the fixing plate 3, and the top end of the rotating shaft 4 penetrates into the flowerpot 5, so that the rotating shaft 4 is connected with the side wall of the flowerpot 5 through threads; a transfer unit 6 is arranged in the flowerpot 5, and the transfer unit 6 comprises a first plate 61, a water pipe 62 and a piston cylinder 63; the first plate 61 is arranged on the side wall of the top end of the rotating shaft 4, and the first plate 61 is provided with a water spray opening 611; the piston cylinder 63 is arranged between the fixing plate 3 and the flowerpot 5, so that the bottom end of the piston cylinder 63 is arranged on the fixing plate 3, the top end of the piston cylinder 63 is arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the flowerpot 5, and clear water is filled in the piston cylinder 63 through the water diversion groove 11; one end of the water pipe 62 is communicated with the piston cylinder 63, and the other end is communicated with the water spray port 611; the cultivation and transplantation of the waxberry seedlings are realized through the matching of the base 1, the water injection pipe 2, the fixing plate 3, the rotating shaft 4 and the flowerpot 5; when the cultivation method is used, in the early stage of cultivation of the waxberry saplings, the waxberry saplings are planted in the flower pots 5, watering is carried out through the water injection pipes 2, water flows to the positions of the water diversion grooves 11 through the water injection pipes 2, the piston cylinders 63 are opened at the moment, so that the water flows to the piston cylinders 63 through the water diversion grooves 11 to be supplemented with water sources, and the piston cylinders 63 are closed after the water in the piston cylinders 63 is supplemented with the water; when the waxberry tree seedlings in the flowerpot 5 need to be transplanted, a worker holds the flowerpot 5 to rotate towards the direction close to the fixing plate 3, and in the rotating process of the flowerpot 5, the first plate 61 moves relatively in the flowerpot 5 towards the direction far away from the bottom end of the flowerpot 5, so that soil and the waxberry tree seedlings in the flowerpot 5 are ejected out of the flowerpot 5, and the transplanting of the waxberry tree seedlings is realized; at the in-process that flowerpot 5 removed to fixed plate 3 direction, flowerpot 5 produces the extrusion to piston cylinder 63 for water in the piston cylinder 63 flows to water jet 611 blowout through water service pipe 62, has realized carrying out moist effect to earth in the flowerpot 5, thereby has effectively improved the effect of condensing between the earth, avoids at the in-process that the bayberry sapling was transplanted, and partly dry earth receives gravity to take place loose back and drops, thereby causes the damage to the root of bayberry sapling.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first sliding grooves 612 are symmetrically formed on the side wall of the top end of the first plate 61; a sliding block 613 is connected in the first sliding groove 612 in a sliding manner; the sliding block 613 is connected with the inner side wall of the bottom end of the flowerpot 5 through a string, and the top end of the sliding block 613 is provided with a positioning plate 614; the top end of the positioning plate 614 is provided with a blocking piece 64, so that when the sliding block 613 slides to the end of the first sliding groove 612 close to the side wall of the flowerpot 5, the blocking piece 64 is in contact with the side wall of the flowerpot 5; the agglomeration effect of the soil side wall in the flowerpot 5 is enhanced through the cooperation of the sliding block 613, the positioning plate 614 and the blocking piece 64; during the use, when needs transplant the red bayberry sapling in flowerpot 5, the staff is holding up flowerpot 5 and is rotating to the direction that is close to fixed plate 3, at flowerpot 5's rotatory in-process, a board 61 carries out relative motion to the direction of keeping away from flowerpot 5 bottom in flowerpot 5, distance between a board 61 and the flowerpot 5 bottom is more and more far away promptly, at this moment under the effect of string, pulling slider 613 is to sliding on being close to a board 61's direction in the spout, slider 613 drives separation blade 64 and slides to the direction that is close to a board 61 in gliding simultaneously, thereby extrude the interior earth lateral wall of flowerpot 5 through separation blade 64, thereby strengthen the effect of condensing of the interior earth of flowerpot 5, further guaranteed the transplantation in-process at the red bayberry sapling, to the protection of red bayberry sapling root, thereby strengthen the cultivation effect of red bayberry sapling.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a second sliding groove 615 is symmetrically formed in the first plate 61, so that the second sliding groove 615 is communicated with the first sliding groove 612, and a second plate 65 is mounted on a side wall of a top end of the first plate 61; a top rod 616 is arranged on the side wall of the slide block 613, which is close to the second sliding groove 615; the end part of the top rod 616 far away from the sliding block 613 is hinged with a connecting rod 617; the end part of the connecting rod 617 far away from the top rod 616 is hinged on the side wall at the bottom end of the second plate 65; the coagulation effect on the bottom end of the soil in the flowerpot 5 is enhanced through the matching of the first plate 61, the second plate 65, the top rod 616 and the connecting rod 617; when the waxberry tree seedling transplanting device is used, when waxberry tree seedlings in the flowerpot 5 need to be transplanted, a worker holds the flowerpot 5 to rotate towards the direction close to the fixing plate 3, in the rotating process of the flowerpot 5, the first plate 61 moves relatively towards the direction far away from the bottom end of the flowerpot 5 in the flowerpot 5, namely, the distance between the first plate 61 and the bottom end of the flowerpot 5 is increasingly far away, at the moment, under the action of the thin rope, the sliding block 613 is pulled to slide towards the direction close to the first plate 61 in the sliding groove, the sliding block 613 drives the ejector rod 616 to slide towards the second sliding groove 615 in the sliding process, the ejector rod 616 extrudes the connecting rod 617 after sliding, the connecting rod 617 rotates after being pressed to eject the second plate 65, in the process that the second plate 65 is ejected, the condensation effect of the bottom end part of soil in the flowerpot 5 is enhanced, and the blocking piece can be pushed to slide relative to the side wall of the soil 64, therefore, the condition that the roots of the waxberry seedlings are adhered to the side wall of the baffle plate 64 under the drive of partial wet soil in the process that the baffle plate 64 extrudes the soil is avoided.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, an elastic cloth 618 is disposed on the surface of the first sliding groove 612; one end of the elastic cloth 618 is installed on the side wall of the sliding block 613 close to the second plate 65, and the other end of the elastic cloth 618 is installed on the side wall of the first sliding groove 612; the sliding effect of the sliding block 613 is prevented from being influenced by partial soil clamped in the first sliding groove 612 through the cooperation of the first sliding groove 612, the sliding block 613 and the elastic cloth 618; when in use, when the waxberry tree seedlings in the flowerpot 5 need to be transplanted, a worker holds the flowerpot 5 to rotate towards the direction close to the fixed plate 3, during the rotation of the flowerpot 5, the first board 61 moves relatively in the flowerpot 5 in the direction away from the bottom end of the flowerpot 5, namely, the distance between the first plate 61 and the bottom end of the flowerpot 5 is further and further, at this time, the sliding block 613 is pulled to slide in the sliding groove in the direction approaching to the first plate 61 under the action of the string, in order to avoid the sliding block 613 from being blocked due to the partial soil falling into the first sliding groove 612, the surface of the first sliding groove 612 is provided with the elastic cloth 618, so that the sliding of the sliding block 613 can not be blocked by sundries in the first sliding groove 612 in the whole sliding process of the sliding block 613, meanwhile, when the root of the waxberry tree seedling grows into the first sliding groove 612, the damage to the root of the waxberry tree seedling in the sliding process of the sliding block 613 is avoided.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sidewall of the baffle plate 64 is provided with a groove 641, so as to enhance the flowing effect of water in soil; during the use, at the in-process that flowerpot 5 removed to fixed plate 3 direction, flowerpot 5 produces the extrusion to piston cylinder 63, make the water in the piston cylinder 63 flow to water jet 611 blowout through water service pipe 62, realized carrying out moist effect to earth in the flowerpot 5, thereby effectively improved the effect of condensing between the earth, after separation blade 64 lateral wall is opened there is recess 641, through water jet 611 spun partial rivers along the recess 641 in flowing to the earth on flowerpot 5 upper strata, thereby realized the effective utilization to rivers, guarantee that rivers can carry out abundant moist to the earth lateral wall, avoid rivers only to produce in flowerpot 5 bottom and pile up, thereby further guaranteed the holistic effect of condensing of earth.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the transverse cross-sectional shape of the blocking piece 64 is crescent, and the side wall of the blocking piece 64 is tangent to the inner side wall of the flowerpot 5, so as to prevent a part of soil from adhering to the inner side wall of the flowerpot 5 after being wetted; when the flowerpot is used, when the waxberry tree seedlings in the flowerpot 5 need to be transplanted, a worker holds the flowerpot 5 to rotate towards the direction close to the fixing plate 3, in the rotating process of the flowerpot 5, the first plate 61 moves relatively towards the direction far away from the bottom end of the flowerpot 5 in the flowerpot 5, namely, the distance between the first plate 61 and the bottom end of the flowerpot 5 is increasingly far away, at the moment, under the action of the string, the sliding block 613 is pulled to slide towards the direction close to the first plate 61 in the sliding groove, the sliding block 613 drives the blocking piece 64 to slide towards the direction close to the first plate 61 while sliding, so that the soil side wall in the flowerpot 5 is extruded through the blocking piece 64, meanwhile, the transverse cross section of the blocking piece 64 is in a crescent shape, the resistance of the blocking piece 64 between the soil is effectively reduced, and the damage to the soil distribution in the flowerpot 5 caused by the blocking piece 64 during sliding and rotating relative to the flowerpot 5 is avoided, the completeness of the root of the waxberry sapling in the whole transplanting process is ensured, and the whole using effect of the culture device is enhanced.
When the cultivation method is used, in the early stage of cultivation of the waxberry saplings, the waxberry saplings are planted in the flower pots 5, watering is carried out through the water injection pipes 2, water flows to the positions of the water diversion grooves 11 through the water injection pipes 2, the piston cylinders 63 are opened at the moment, so that the water flows to the piston cylinders 63 through the water diversion grooves 11 to be supplemented with water sources, and the piston cylinders 63 are closed after the water in the piston cylinders 63 is supplemented with the water; when the waxberry tree seedlings in the flowerpot 5 need to be transplanted, a worker holds the flowerpot 5 to rotate towards the direction close to the fixing plate 3, and in the rotating process of the flowerpot 5, the first plate 61 moves relatively in the flowerpot 5 towards the direction far away from the bottom end of the flowerpot 5, so that soil and the waxberry tree seedlings in the flowerpot 5 are ejected out of the flowerpot 5, and the transplanting of the waxberry tree seedlings is realized; in the process that the flowerpot 5 moves towards the fixing plate 3, the flowerpot 5 extrudes the piston cylinder 63, so that water in the piston cylinder 63 flows to the water spraying port 611 through the water pipe 62 and is sprayed out, the effect of wetting soil in the flowerpot 5 is achieved, the coagulation effect among the soil is effectively improved, and the phenomenon that in the process of transplanting the waxberry tree seedlings, part of dry soil is loosened by gravity and then falls off, so that the root of the waxberry tree seedlings is damaged is avoided; in the rotation process of the flowerpot 5, the first plate 61 moves relatively in the flowerpot 5 in the direction far away from the bottom end of the flowerpot 5, namely, the distance between the first plate 61 and the bottom end of the flowerpot 5 is more and more far, at the moment, under the action of the string, the sliding block 613 is pulled to slide in the sliding groove in the direction close to the first plate 61, and the sliding block 613 drives the blocking piece 64 to slide in the direction close to the first plate 61 while sliding, so that the soil side wall in the flowerpot 5 is extruded through the blocking piece 64, the coagulation effect of soil in the flowerpot 5 is enhanced, the root of the waxberry tree seedling is further protected in the transplanting process of the waxberry tree seedling, and the cultivation effect of the waxberry tree seedling is enhanced; the sliding block 613 drives the ejector rod 616 to slide in the second sliding groove 615 in the sliding process, the ejector rod 616 extrudes the connecting rod 617 after sliding, the connecting rod 617 rotates after being pressed to eject the second plate 65, and in the process that the second plate 65 is ejected, the second plate 65 extrudes the bottom end of soil in the flowerpot 5, so that the condensation effect of the bottom end part of the soil is enhanced, the soil can be pushed to slide relative to the side wall of the baffle plate 64, and the condition that the root part of a waxberry tree seedling is driven to be adhered to the side wall of the baffle plate 64 by partially wet soil in the process that the baffle plate 64 extrudes the soil is avoided; in order to prevent partial soil from falling into the first sliding groove 612 to cause the blockage of the sliding block 613, the surface of the first sliding groove 612 is provided with the elastic cloth 618, so that the situation that sundries cannot block the sliding block 613 in the first sliding groove 612 in the whole sliding process of the sliding block 613 is ensured, and the damage to the root of the waxberry seedling in the sliding process of the sliding block 613 is avoided when the root of the waxberry seedling grows into the first sliding groove 612; in the process that the flowerpot 5 moves towards the fixing plate 3, the flowerpot 5 extrudes the piston cylinder 63, so that water in the piston cylinder 63 flows to the water spraying opening 611 through the water through pipe 62 and is sprayed out, the effect of wetting soil in the flowerpot 5 is realized, the coagulation effect among the soil is effectively improved, when the groove 641 is formed in the side wall of the blocking piece 64, part of water sprayed out through the water spraying opening 611 flows into the soil on the upper layer of the flowerpot 5 along the groove 641, the effective utilization of the water flow is realized, the water flow can be fully wetted to the side wall of the soil, the water flow is prevented from being accumulated only at the bottom of the flowerpot 5, and the coagulation effect of the soil is further ensured; simultaneously establish separation blade 64's horizontal cross-sectional shape into crescent to effectively reduce the resistance that separation blade 64 received between earth, avoid separation blade 64 when sliding and relative flowerpot 5 takes place to rotate, to the destruction that the interior earth of flowerpot 5 distributed and cause, guaranteed the integrality of bayberry sapling root at whole transplantation in-process, reinforcing culture apparatus's whole result of use.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A high-yield and high-quality cultivation method for fruit trees of waxberries in the North river is characterized by comprising the following steps: the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining original seedlings required for cultivation, selecting healthy waxberry trees so that the waxberry trees do not have any insect pests, and selecting complete and robust branches for cultivation preparation when the waxberry trees are in a full bearing period with full and full axillary buds;
s2: paving basic nutrient soil at the bottom end of the culture device, performing pretreatment on the surface of the branches obtained in the step S1 to remove the tips and leaves on the surfaces of the leaves, planting the treated branches into the culture device, and performing basic water supplement in the culture device;
s3: the branches are subjected to subsequent fertilization treatment, and once topdressing is respectively realized in summer and autumn in the first year of branch culture, so that the nutritional requirements of the branches are ensured; after the branches grow stably in the first year, the branches are transferred out of the culture device by a transfer unit (6) in the culture device and planted in a fruit field, so that the cultivation of the waxberry trees is completed;
the culture device adopted in the steps comprises a base (1), a water injection pipe (2), a fixing plate (3), a rotating shaft (4) and a flowerpot (5); a water diversion groove (11) is formed in the base (1); the water injection pipe (2) is arranged on the base (1), and the water injection pipe (2) is communicated with the water diversion groove (11); the fixed plates (3) are symmetrically arranged on the base (1); the rotating shaft (4) is arranged on the fixing plate (3); the flowerpot (5) is arranged on the fixing plate (3), and the top end of the rotating shaft (4) penetrates into the flowerpot (5), so that the rotating shaft (4) is connected with the side wall of the flowerpot (5) through threads; a transfer unit (6) is arranged in the flowerpot (5), and the transfer unit (6) comprises a first plate (61), a water pipe (62) and a piston cylinder (63); the first plate (61) is arranged on the side wall of the top end of the rotating shaft (4), and a water spray opening (611) is arranged on the first plate (61); the piston cylinder (63) is arranged between the fixing plate (3) and the flowerpot (5), so that the bottom end of the piston cylinder (63) is arranged on the fixing plate (3), the top end of the piston cylinder (63) is arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the flowerpot (5), and clear water is filled in the piston cylinder (63) through the water diversion groove (11); one end of the water pipe (62) is communicated with the piston cylinder (63), and the other end of the water pipe is communicated with the water spray opening (611); the cultivation and transplantation of the waxberry seedlings are realized through the matching of the base (1), the water injection pipe (2), the fixing plate (3), the rotating shaft (4) and the flowerpot (5);
the side wall of the top end of the first plate (61) is symmetrically provided with a first sliding groove (612); a sliding block (613) is connected in the first sliding groove (612) in a sliding manner; the sliding block (613) is connected with the inner side wall of the bottom end of the flowerpot (5) through a string, and the top end of the sliding block (613) is provided with a positioning plate (614); the top end of the positioning plate (614) is provided with a blocking piece (64), so that when the sliding block (613) slides to the end part of the first sliding groove (612) close to the side wall of the flowerpot (5), the blocking piece (64) is contacted with the inner side wall of the flowerpot (5); the agglomeration effect of the soil side wall in the flowerpot (5) is enhanced through the matching of the sliding block (613), the positioning plate (614) and the blocking piece (64).
2. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a second sliding groove (615) is symmetrically formed in the first plate (61), so that the second sliding groove (615) is communicated with the first sliding groove (612), and a second plate (65) is mounted on the side wall of the top end of the first plate (61); a top rod (616) is arranged on the side wall of the sliding block (613) close to the second sliding groove (615); the end part of the top rod (616) far away from the sliding block (613) is hinged with a connecting rod (617); the end part of the connecting rod (617) far away from the mandril (616) is hinged on the side wall at the bottom end of the second plate (65); the coagulation effect on the bottom end of soil in the flowerpot (5) is enhanced through the matching of the first plate (61), the second plate (65), the ejector rod (616) and the connecting rod (617).
3. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the surface of the first sliding groove (612) is provided with an elastic cloth (618); one end of the elastic cloth (618) is arranged on the side wall of the sliding block (613) close to the second plate (65), and the other end of the elastic cloth (618) is arranged on the side wall of the first sliding groove (612); the sliding effect of the sliding block (613) is prevented from being influenced by partial soil clamped in the first sliding groove (612) through the cooperation of the first sliding groove (612), the sliding block (613) and the elastic cloth (618).
4. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the side wall of the baffle plate (64) is provided with a groove (641), so that the flowing effect of water in soil is enhanced.
5. The cultivation method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the transverse section of the baffle plate (64) is crescent, and the side wall of the baffle plate (64) is tangent to the inner side wall of the flowerpot (5), so that the phenomenon that part of soil is adhered to the inner side wall of the flowerpot (5) after being wetted is avoided.
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