CN102415306A - A kind of light cultivation facility and supporting cultivation method of Chinese cherry - Google Patents
A kind of light cultivation facility and supporting cultivation method of Chinese cherry Download PDFInfo
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- CN102415306A CN102415306A CN2011102415848A CN201110241584A CN102415306A CN 102415306 A CN102415306 A CN 102415306A CN 2011102415848 A CN2011102415848 A CN 2011102415848A CN 201110241584 A CN201110241584 A CN 201110241584A CN 102415306 A CN102415306 A CN 102415306A
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation facility capable of preventing Chinese cherries from suffering from freezing damage in a flowering phase and cracking fruits in a mature phase and a cultivation method matched with the cultivation facility, and belongs to the technical field of cherry cultivation. The cherry blossom and fruit cracking method solves the problems that the existing cherry is easy to suffer from freezing damage in the flowering phase and is cracked in the mature phase when meeting rain. The light cultivation facility for Chinese cherry comprises a support column, a protective film, a support framework for supporting the protective film and a fixing member for fixing the protective film on the support framework after the protective film is unfolded. The cultivation method matched with the cultivation facility comprises the following steps: a. building a cultivation facility capable of covering the cherry trees; b. coating a protective film on a cultivation facility before blooming; c. removing or folding the protective film after flowering; d. before the fruits are ripe, covering a protective film on the cultivation facility again to achieve the aim of avoiding rain and preventing fruit cracking; e. and removing the protective film after harvesting the fruits. The invention has the advantages of wide application range, easy construction and convenient popularization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cherry culture technique field, relate to a kind of cultivating facility and cultivation method thereof of cherry, particularly a kind of cherry of avoiding suffered freeze injury and is met the cultivating facility of rain dehiscent fruit and supporting cultivation method thereof in the maturing stage at the florescence.
Background technology
Cherry is a fruit in the beginning of spring first, and the fruit price is high, and is good in economic efficiency, but the cherry of most of kinds all is to bloom in 2～March, and the florescence, early this moment, temperature was very unstable, and the florescence suffers low temperature freezing-disaster or depauperation easily, causes the serious underproduction or total crop failure.
For this reason; Someone has changed traditional cultivation method; And applied for patent; A kind ofly as Chinese patent provided avoid the cultivation method (patent publication No. is CN101803548A) that the sweet cherry florescence suffers low temperature freezing-disaster, this cultivation method is made up of four parts: nutrition pot big seedling cultivation, deepfreeze, land for growing field crops are heeled in and are upgraded rejuvenation.In the nursery, cultivate earlier, after the cherry dormancy, nutritive cube is dug out, move in the low temperature facility and carry out deepfreeze; Early April in next year, the winter is shifted out the low temperature facility with nutritive cube after cutting, carry out the land for growing field crops and heel in, through measures such as applying fertilizer, pour water, let the normal rudiment of cherry, bloom, the result; Behind the fruit harvesting, dig out nutritive cube, nutritive cube is planted in the original place again, accomplish and upgrade rejuvenation.
Because sweet cherry generally is at the colder north of weather, therefore needs employing that cherry tree is moved into and avoid this long antifreezing measures of extraneous unstable temperature in the low temperature facility.
But it is expensive to waste time and energy when above-mentioned this cultivation method is transplanted cherry tree, and in order to avoid unstable temperature, also the maturation of cherry is postponed by regular meeting, and this cultivation method is not suitable for short plantation situation of southern cherry frost protection phase yet.
The cherry plantation of southern area often runs into two unfavorable factors: the one, owing to the resting stage of the comparatively common cherry in south is shorter, when early spring winter Mo, temperature got warm again after a cold spell, be prone to sprout; If meet " cold in the late spring " (frost or snow); Floral organ is endured cold, can have a strong impact on output, even No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity.Therefore, the unsuitable plantation in place of adverse weather (frost and snow, strong wind etc.) all takes place year after year, even the ninor feature plantation that suits also will be selected in the place of rare generation diastrous weather when building the garden flowering stage at cherry.The 2nd, the fructescence also can often suffer the food evil of some birds, meets the rain dehiscent fruit, has reduced the commodity rate of fruit, and these situation have all influenced the development of cherry plantation and cherry industry greatly.
Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is to the existing in the course of cultivation the problems referred to above of existing cherry, receives Spring frost and maturing stage to meet the cultivating facility of rain dehiscent fruit and proposed a kind of cherry of avoiding at the florescence.
Second purpose of the present invention is to the existing in the course of cultivation the problems referred to above of existing cherry, and it is supporting to have proposed a kind of and above-mentioned cultivating facility, can avoid cherry to receive Spring frost and maturing stage to meet the cultivation method of rain dehiscent fruit at the florescence.
First purpose of the present invention can realize through following technical proposal: a kind of light cultivation facility of cherry; It is characterized in that; It comprises pillar, diaphragm and the support frame that is used for supporting diaphragm; Described diaphragm adopts transparent waterproof materials to process, and described cultivating facility also includes after diaphragm launches and is fixed in the fixed component on the support frame.
In the light cultivation facility of above-mentioned a kind of cherry, described support frame comprises some lattice framings and retainer ring, and above-mentioned lattice framing is connected and is radial setting with pillar, and the outer end of lattice framing is connected with retainer ring.
In the light cultivation facility of above-mentioned a kind of cherry, described fixed component comprises some clips.Retainer ring can play the effect of firm lattice framing on the one hand, is convenient on the other hand with clip diaphragm is clipped on the retainer ring to play fixing effect.
In the light cultivation facility of above-mentioned a kind of cherry, the equal downwarping of described each lattice framing is circular-arc.Make whole cultivating facility be umbrella, be convenient to cherry tree is covered.
In the light cultivation facility of above-mentioned a kind of cherry, described diaphragm is a plastic film.
In the light cultivation facility of above-mentioned a kind of cherry, described plastic film is not for there being the long-lived plastic film of dripping.
In the light cultivation facility of above-mentioned a kind of cherry, described cultivating facility also comprises the bird prevention net between support frame and ground, and described bird prevention net is provided with around cherry tree.The upper edge of bird prevention net can be tied up on retainer ring through rope or iron wire etc., and land the lower edge.
Second purpose of the present invention can realize through following technical proposal: a kind of cultivation method of cherry is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
A, build the cultivating facility that can cherry tree be covered;
B, the preceding diaphragm that on cultivating facility, covers of blooming;
Diaphragm is removed or draw in later to c, florescence;
Before d, the fruit maturation, on cultivating facility, cover diaphragm once more and prevent the purpose of dehiscent fruit to reach to take shelter from rain,
Remove diaphragm behind e, the fruit harvesting.
In the cultivation method of above-mentioned a kind of cherry, among the described step b, 1～3 day inner cap upper protective film before blooming.
In the cultivation method of above-mentioned a kind of cherry, in the described steps d, 4～6 canopy upper protective films before fruit maturation.Bloom and the ripe date of cherry can be calculated according to the phenophase over the years and draw.
In the cultivation method of above-mentioned a kind of cherry, in the described steps d, in overlay film, around cherry tree, pull on bird prevention net.
Compared with prior art; The light cultivation facility of a kind of cherry provided by the present invention and supporting cultivation method thereof not only can be applicable to the cherry garden in southern hills mountain region, also are applicable to before the room cherry plant and the smooth area of physical features of scattered cultivation behind the house; It can effectively prevent Spring frost, reduce the dehiscent fruit rate of cherry, cooperates bird prevention net, can also alleviate bird pest; In addition, this cultivating facility also has simple in structure being easy to be built, and cost of manufacture is low, the advantage of being convenient to promote.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the light cultivation facility of a kind of cherry provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation behind the light cultivation facility film off belay of a kind of cherry provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of Fig. 2.
Among the figure, 1, pillar; 2, diaphragm; 3, lattice framing; 4, retainer ring; 5, clip.
Embodiment
Below be specific embodiment of the present invention and combine accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is done further to describe, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3; The light cultivation facility of this cherry comprises pillar 1, diaphragm 2 and the support frame that is used for supporting diaphragm 2; Support frame comprises some lattice framings 3 and a retainer ring 4; Lattice framing 3 is staggered to be the radial top that is erected at pillar 1, and is fixed on the top end of pillar 1 through fixtures such as screws, and the end of lattice framing 3 is connected with annular retainer ring 4.In the present embodiment, each lattice framing 3 is reclinate circular-arc, makes whole facility be umbrella and covers on the cherry tree top.Diaphragm 2 is laid on the support frame of lattice framing 3 and retainer ring 4 compositions for there not being the long-lived plastic film of dripping, and uses clip 5 it to be clipped on the retainer ring 4 at retainer ring 4 places, plays positioning action.
The cultivation method that matches with above-mentioned cultivating facility comprises the steps:
A, when cherry tree gets into operation period, build the cultivating facility that can cherry tree be covered, the material of pillar 1 can be a waddy, also can be bamboo pole, and should be close to the cherry tree trunk as far as possible; The material of each lattice framing 3 can be a bamboo chip, also can be to have certain flexible steel wire, and diaphragm 2 selects not have the long-lived plastic film of dripping, and thickness is about 0.4～0.5mm.
When building; Get 4 of bamboo chips (or having certain elastic wire) by tree-like size; Form two right-angled intersections and fixing in mao bamboon of erectting or waddy top; Bamboo chip (or having certain elastic wire) is bent to arc, and the end is wrapped on the retainer ring 4 to form the umbrella cambered surface, the formation support frame with iron wire.
Exceed mao bamboon or waddy about 50cm as pillar 1 near perpendicular one of trunk position than cherry tree in the cherry tree center, and fixing.Support frame is fixed on the pillar 1, and draws 3 lines to be fixed on the pile, stablize total in the support frame lower end.
B, antifreeze: just spending preceding 2 days, on the umbrella shape support frame, cover diaphragm 2, and with clip 5 diaphragm 2 is clipped on the retainer ring 4 and fixes; Only adopt the ceiling overlay film generally speaking; After the florescence, obtain sufficient illumination, can diaphragm 2 temporarily be drawn in for guaranteeing cherry; Do not hang down under the situation that will work the mischief at temperature, diaphragm 2 is not totally-enclosed, promptly take only to cover diaphragm 2 at ceiling, and the pattern that the surrounding is opened wide, but be more serious cold in the late spring weather in anti-early spring, diaphragm 2 will be carried out the preparation of all standing.
If meet more serious cold in the late spring weather; Florescence or young fruit period cause harmful temperature in case of being lower than; Can to extend to ground totally-enclosed with being overlying on diaphragm 2 on the support frame, and push down (state as shown in Figure 1) with stone etc., and can be according to the degree of covering of lifting of the variation adjustment diaphragm 2 of temperature of shed.The harmful temperature that causes of bud stage is 1.7 ℃, bloom～the harmful temperature that causes of young fruit period is 1.1 ℃.
B, after the florescence, obtain sufficient illumination, remove diaphragm 2 for guaranteeing cherry.
D, the anti-rain dehiscent fruit of meeting: before the fruit maturation, can be chosen in fruit maturation preceding about 5 days, cover diaphragm 2 in ceiling once more, diaphragm is not totally-enclosed, and promptly take only to cover diaphragm 2 and take shelter from rain at ceiling, the pattern that the surrounding is opened wide, reaching takes shelter from rain prevents the purpose of dehiscent fruit.At this moment, pecked at by birds for preventing fruit, can around cherry tree, pull on a circle bird prevention net simultaneously, the upper edge of bird prevention net can be tied up on retainer ring 4 through rope or iron wire etc., and land the lower edge, and the material of bird prevention net is a polyethylene, and its mesh aperture is less than 2cm.Preceding 10～15 days of fruit harvesting can strengthen the bath light path degree of fruit in lay reflex film under the tree crown, promotes fruit color.If diaphragm 2 is movable, then can diaphragm 2 suitably be drawn at fine day, be beneficial to the colouring of cherry fruit face.
Lift ceiling diaphragm 2 after e, cherry fruit are gathered, what bird prevention net was arranged also together removes bird prevention net.
In the whole cherry cultivation process, also comprise work such as soil, fertilizer and water management:
1, soil management
1., from beginning in 1 year of field planting, modes such as improve the soil in the cave through expanding, intertill and clean tillage, orchard covering are improved the soil and are loosened the soil in good time.
2., expanding the cave improves the soil the 9～October of time for every year.The excavation trench expands the cave, one deck base manure, one deck soil between strain.
3., annual intertill and clean tillage is 2 times.The green manuring of mowing in 6～July of summer has preserving moisture and increases the effect of the soil organic matter, and full garden uproot weeds was expanded the cave and imbedded bottom with ploughing deeply in conjunction with the autumn basal dressing 9～October of autumn.
2, the rational application of fertilizer
1., base manure.To select fertilizers such as compost, barnyard manure, chicken manure, the soya-bean cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed for use is main; And add an amount of phosphate fertilizer, and generally applying in cave or the ditch in mid or late October to early November, amount of application accounts for 50%～70% of the whole year; Fertilizer can be improved the soil, and can strengthen the resistance of tree body again.
2., topdress.The number of times that topdresses, time and consumption; Should be according to the age of tree, cultivation management mode, period and the external condition of growing is different decides; Advocate thin fertile duty and execute, generally spending preceding is main with nitrogenous fertilizer, and the florescence is main with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% boron fertilizer; The young fruit period phase sprays foliage fertilizers such as amino acid calcium, is main with compoiste fertilizer after the fruit picking.
3, water management
Conscientiously strengthen the water management of fruit development period.Bloom bear fruit after, must note the water management in the garden, keep moisture stabilization, prevent that soil from neglecting to do to neglect wetly, make soil moisture content remain on 60%～80% of maxmun field capacity, the drip irrigation of installing with good conditionsi.
4, the short flower of chemistry control tree
To result's the young sprout Growth spurt of adult Wang Shu after fruit picking, can adopt methods such as spraying chlormequat, PBO to control the short flower of tree, can suppress shoot growth and the formation that promotes bud effectively.
5, pruning
1., mainly adopt the happy shape of many major branches tree-like, do high 20～30cm, 4～5 major branches of selecting and remain, 40 °～70 ° of major branch crotch angles dispose 2～3 side shoots on each major branch, about 70 ° of side shoot spreading angle.It is tree-like that facility cultivation should note carrying out dwarfing especially, and tree height degree is controlled at below the 2.3m.
2., gather after suitable opportunity of shortening trimming just, can form suitable tree-likely, the tree body of cherry is controlled at below the 2.3m, its principle is: the suitable light pruning of little tree, but tree heavy pruning greatly.When dredging except that bough, notice that wound is little, put down, dredge when removing annual branch, can cut more than the base portion axillary bud at it earlier and cut.
3., to the cherry tree in the full bearing period, prune early stage and should keep the growth balance, cultivate all kinds of fruit bearing shoot groups, the middle and later periods renewal cultivation shoot that should bounce back organize, prevent that early ageing and setting fruit position from moving outward.
4., result's the old and the weak's branch group is for many years suitably bounced back, upgrade rejuvenation.
6, flower and fruit management
Carry out control and produce, advocate strong tree cultivation
At bud stage and full-bloom stage, each sprays one time 0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixing solution, 2～3 times 0.15% green fragrant prestige foliage fertilizers of single later on spray.
Behind physiological fallen fruit, carry out fruit thinning, dredge and remove fruitlet, sick wormed fruit, malformed fruit and painted bad following ghlory flower, keep laterally and the big fruit that upwards gives birth to.Each fruit spur stays 3～4 fruits.The general every 667m2 output of middle age tree is controlled in the 1000kg.
Specific embodiment described herein only is that the present invention's spirit is illustrated.Person of ordinary skill in the field of the present invention can make various modifications or replenishes or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.
Claims (10)
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| CN2011102415848A CN102415306A (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2011-08-22 | A kind of light cultivation facility and supporting cultivation method of Chinese cherry |
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| CN2011102415848A CN102415306A (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2011-08-22 | A kind of light cultivation facility and supporting cultivation method of Chinese cherry |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102919046A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-02-13 | 金陵科技学院 | Method for preventing pesticide from being sprayed to strawberry fruits |
| CN104885841A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-09-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for rain sheltering, sun shading and bird prevention during sweet cherry plantation in warm southern regions |
| CN105493860A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所 | Hillside phased rain-shelter-cultivation method of vine crops |
| CN106386370A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-02-15 | 重庆果之王园艺有限公司 | Rain-sheltering cultivation method of Chinese cherries in southern China |
| CN109479591A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-19 | 史子健 | A kind of persimmon tree bird-proof device for agricultural |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102919046A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-02-13 | 金陵科技学院 | Method for preventing pesticide from being sprayed to strawberry fruits |
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| CN106386370A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-02-15 | 重庆果之王园艺有限公司 | Rain-sheltering cultivation method of Chinese cherries in southern China |
| CN109479591A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-19 | 史子健 | A kind of persimmon tree bird-proof device for agricultural |
| CN109479591B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-12-04 | 湖州达立智能设备制造有限公司 | Persimmon tree bird prevention device for agriculture |
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Application publication date: 20120418 |