CN107466568B - Grape cultivation method and cultivation frame thereof - Google Patents
Grape cultivation method and cultivation frame thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107466568B CN107466568B CN201710795545.XA CN201710795545A CN107466568B CN 107466568 B CN107466568 B CN 107466568B CN 201710795545 A CN201710795545 A CN 201710795545A CN 107466568 B CN107466568 B CN 107466568B
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- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grape cultivation method and a cultivation frame thereof. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the seedbed soil is scientific and reasonable in preparation, rich in organic matters, contains various amino acids and trace elements, can efficiently condition the soil structure, activate the soil, improve the disease resistance of the grapes, control the growth process of the grapes, select excellent seedlings, perform targeted topdressing in different growth stages, ensure the efficient absorption of the grapes on nutrition, reasonably trim, core pick, vegetables and fruits, provide a high-quality space environment for the growth of the grapes, better protect the fruiting rate of the grapes and improve the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method and a cultivation frame, in particular to a cultivation method and a cultivation frame for grapes, and belongs to the technical field of economic crop cultivation.
Background
Grapes belong to deciduous vines, palm leaves are 3-5 times of the deciduous vines, the compound inflorescences are generally conical, berries are mostly spherical or elliptical, and the color and luster are different according to varieties. The fruit trees are cultivated by human beings very early, almost account for one fourth of the fruit yield all over the world, have high nutritive value, are rich in magnesium, vitamin C and iron, have the effects of beautifying and delaying senescence, have certain medicinal value and are important energy-supplying food and tonics.
The demand of the market is large, the planting technology still follows the traditional planting method, the demand of the market is large, the planting technology can not meet the demand of the market development, the continuous cropping planting is very common due to the large planting area, the annual demand of the market is large, and the continuous cropping of the grapes is not resistant, so that the continuous cropping obstacle of the grapes is serious in the production, and the yield and the quality are greatly reduced.
At present, chemical agents are commonly used for preventing and treating grape continuous cropping obstacles, but the prevention and treatment effect is poor, pathogenic bacteria generate drug resistance due to long-term use of a large amount of chemical agents for prevention and treatment, a large amount of pesticides can be gradually accumulated in the environment, particularly in the soil environment, a series of serious problems of pesticide pollution to the environment and the like are generated, the serious harm is caused to the health of human beings and the environment, and the pesticide pollution becomes a serious environmental problem in the world at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method and a cultivation rack for grapes.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme: a grape cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step A, preparing seedbed soil, selecting soil with flat terrain and leeward and sunny exposure, adjusting the ph value of the soil, and controlling the ph value of the soil to be 6-6.5 to obtain matrix soil;
step B, building a cultivation frame, and building the cultivation frame for grape climbing on the prepared substrate soil;
c, selecting and planting seedlings, digging drainage channels on planting matrix soil, digging planting holes on the planting matrix soil, and selecting grape seedlings with complete root systems and no plant diseases and insect pests to be planted in the planting holes at the distance of 50cm of plant spacing and row spacing;
d, fixing the grape seedlings, and winding the grape seedlings on a climbing rod of the cultivation frame after the grape seedlings grow to 0.6 m, so that the grape seedlings grow upwards along the climbing rod;
step E, fertilizing management, namely fertilizing in the sprouting period, the fruit setting period, the early maturing period, the harvesting period and the dormant period of the grapes;
step F, shaping and trimming, wherein firstly, shaping a plurality of main vines, topping when sprouting to 5-6 leaves in the current year of planting, selecting and reserving 3-4 thick and strong main vines, secondly, shaping a trunk shape, reserving only one new tip after sprouting in the current year of planting, and culturing a vertically growing trunk;
and G, managing flowers and fruits, spraying 10ppm gibberellin water solution once in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the grapes respectively, removing one branch from every two branches of each ear from top to bottom within 15-20 days after the grapes are set, leaving 10-15 branches for each ear, and trimming the ears before bagging to remove small grains, diseased grains, malformed grains and inward and outward protruding grains on the ears.
Preferably, in the step C, the root system of the grape nursery stock is trimmed before planting, the withered, rotten and overlong roots are cut off, and irrigation is performed after planting until water permeates soil and the root system is completely attached to the lower part of the soil.
Preferably, in the step C, the drainage channel is divided into an upper channel for draining the soil surface, a middle channel for collecting water drained from the upper channel, and a lower channel for collectively draining water in the vineyard out of the vineyard.
Preferably, in the step E, after fertilization, water is permeated for 1 time, and two waters are continuously watered, wherein the interval between the two waters is generally 5 to 7 days.
A grape growing rack comprising: arch bar, water drainage tank, horizontal pole, bracing piece, stand, dead lever and climbing pole, the arch bar constitutes this cultivation frame top main part through being connected with the horizontal pole, the arch bar is installed in the stand upper end, the both ends of arch bar are connected with water drainage tank, water drainage tank is located the left and right sides of arch bar, water drainage tank is on a parallel with the horizontal pole, install on the arch bar at the both ends of horizontal pole, the tie point of horizontal pole and arch bar is located the middle part of arch bar, stand perpendicular to horizontal pole below, the stand passes through the screw and installs at the arch bar lower surface, be equipped with the dead lever between stand and the arch bar, the middle part at the arch bar is fixed to the one end of dead lever, the upper portion at the stand is fixed to the other end of dead lever, the climbing pole sets up the below in this cultivation frame top main part, the climbing pole is located.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the grape cultivation method and the cultivation frame thereof are reasonable in design, the seedbed soil is scientific and reasonable in preparation, rich in organic matters, various amino acids and trace elements, can efficiently condition the soil structure, activate the soil, improve the disease resistance of the grapes, simultaneously can control the growth process of the grapes, select excellent seedlings, and perform targeted topdressing in different growth stages, so that the efficient absorption of the grapes on nutrition is guaranteed, reasonable pruning, pinching and fruit and vegetable are realized, a high-quality space environment is provided for the growth of the grapes, the fruiting rate of the grapes is better protected, and the yield is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structural cultivation frame according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. arch bar, 2, water drainage tank, 3, horizontal pole, 4, bracing piece, 5, stand, 6, dead lever and 7, climbing pole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for cultivating grapes includes the following steps:
step A, preparing seedbed soil, selecting soil with flat terrain and leeward and sunny exposure, adjusting the soil ph value, and controlling the soil ph value to be 6-6.5 to obtain matrix soil;
step B, building a cultivation frame, and building the cultivation frame for grape climbing on the prepared substrate soil;
c, selecting and planting seedlings, digging drainage channels on planting matrix soil, digging planting holes on the planting matrix soil, and selecting grape seedlings with complete root systems and no plant diseases and insect pests to be planted in the planting holes at the distance of 50cm of plant spacing and row spacing;
d, fixing the grape seedlings, and winding the grape seedlings on a climbing rod of the cultivation frame after the grape seedlings grow to 0.6 m, so that the grape seedlings grow upwards along the climbing rod;
step E, fertilizing management, namely fertilizing in the sprouting period, the fruit setting period, the early maturing period, the harvest period and the dormancy period of the grapes;
step F, shaping and trimming, wherein firstly, shaping a plurality of main vines, topping when sprouting to 5-6 leaves in the current year of planting, selecting and reserving 3-4 thick and strong main vines, secondly, shaping a trunk shape, reserving only one new tip after sprouting in the current year of planting, and culturing a vertically growing trunk;
and G, managing flowers and fruits, spraying 10ppm gibberellin water solution once in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the grapes respectively, removing one branch from every two branches of each ear from top to bottom within 15-20 days after the grapes are set, leaving 10-15 branches for each ear, and trimming the ears before bagging to remove small grains, diseased grains, malformed grains and inward and outward protruding grains on the ears.
In the step C, the root system of the grape nursery stock is trimmed before field planting, withered roots, rotten roots and overlong roots are cut off, irrigation is carried out after planting until water permeates soil, the root system is completely attached to the lower portion of the soil, in the step C, the drainage channel is divided into an upper channel, a middle channel and a lower channel, the upper channel is used for draining water on the surface of the soil, the middle channel is used for gathering the water drained by the upper channel, the lower channel is used for draining the water in the vineyard out of the vineyard in a centralized mode, in the step E, after fertilization, 1 time of water permeation is carried out, two times of water are continuously poured, and the interval is generally 5-7 days.
A grape cultivation stand, comprising: the device comprises an arch bar 1, a drainage channel 2, a cross bar 3, a support bar 4, a stand column 5, a fixed bar 6 and a climbing bar 7; the utility model discloses a cultivation frame top main part, including arch bar 1, horizontal pole 2, water drainage tank 2, arch bar 1, fixing rod 6, arch bar 1, post 5, climbing rod 7, the upper end of this cultivation frame top main part is constituted through being connected with horizontal pole 2, arch bar 1 is installed in post 5 upper end, the both ends of arch bar 1 are connected with water drainage tank 2, water drainage tank 2 is located the left and right sides of arch bar 1, water drainage tank 2 is on a parallel with horizontal pole 3, install on arch bar 1 at the both ends of horizontal pole 3, the tie point of horizontal pole 3 and arch bar 1 is located the middle part of arch bar 1, post 5 is perpendicular to horizontal pole 2 below, post 5 passes through the screw installation at arch bar 1 lower surface, be equipped with dead lever 6 between post 5 and the arch bar 1, the middle part at arch bar 1.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A grape cultivation method is characterized in that: the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step A, preparing seedbed soil, selecting soil with flat terrain and leeward and sunny exposure, adjusting the soil ph value, and controlling the soil ph value to be 6-6.5 to obtain matrix soil;
step B, building a cultivation frame, and building the cultivation frame for grape climbing on the prepared substrate soil;
c, selecting and planting seedlings, digging drainage channels on planting matrix soil, digging planting holes on the planting matrix soil, and selecting grape seedlings with complete root systems and no plant diseases and insect pests to be planted in the planting holes at the distance of 50cm of plant spacing and row spacing;
d, fixing the grape seedlings, and winding the grape seedlings on a climbing rod of the cultivation frame after the grape seedlings grow to 0.6 m, so that the grape seedlings grow upwards along the climbing rod;
step E, fertilizing management, namely fertilizing in the sprouting period, the fruit setting period, the early maturing period, the harvesting period and the dormant period of the grapes;
step F, shaping and trimming, wherein firstly, shaping a plurality of main vines, topping when sprouting to 5-6 leaves in the current year of planting, selecting and reserving 3-4 thick and strong main vines, secondly, shaping a trunk shape, reserving only one new tip after sprouting in the current year of planting, and culturing a vertically growing trunk;
g, managing flowers and fruits, spraying 10ppm gibberellin water solution once in the early flowering period and the full flowering period of the grapes respectively, removing one branch from every two branches of each ear from top to bottom within 15-20 days after the grapes are set, leaving 10-15 branches for each ear, and trimming the ears before bagging to remove small grains, diseased grains, malformed grains and inward and outward protruding grains on the ears;
and E, after fertilization, watering for 1 time for water permeation, and continuously watering for two times at an interval of 5-7 days.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: and C, pruning the root system of the grape nursery stock before planting, cutting off withered roots, rotten roots and overlong roots, and irrigating water after planting until water permeates soil and the root system is completely attached to the lower part of the soil.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step C, the drainage channel is divided into an upper channel, a middle channel and a lower channel, the upper channel is used for draining water on the soil surface, the middle channel is used for gathering water drained by the upper channel, and the lower channel is used for intensively draining the water in the vineyard out of the vineyard.
4. A grape cultivation frame is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises an arch bar (1), a drainage channel (2), a cross bar (3), a support bar (4), an upright post (5), a fixed bar (6) and a climbing bar (7); the cultivation shelf top main body is formed by connecting the arch bars (1) with the cross bars (2), the arch bars (1) are installed at the upper ends of the stand columns (5), the two ends of the arch bars (1) are connected with the water drainage grooves (2), the water drainage grooves (2) are located on the left side and the right side of the arch bars (1), the water drainage grooves (2) are parallel to the cross bars (3), the two ends of the cross bars (3) are installed on the arch bars (1), the connection points of the cross bars (3) and the arch bars (1) are located in the middle of the arch bars (1), the stand columns (5) are perpendicular to the lower portions of the cross bars (2), the stand columns (5) are installed on the lower surfaces of the arch bars (1) through screws, fixing rods (6) are arranged between the stand columns (5) and the arch bars (1), one ends of the fixing rods (6) are fixed in the middle of the arch bars (1), and the other ends of the fixing, the climbing rods (7) are arranged below the main body at the top of the cultivation frame, and the climbing rods (7) are located between the upright posts (5) on the same side.
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| CN201710795545.XA CN107466568B (en) | 2017-09-06 | 2017-09-06 | Grape cultivation method and cultivation frame thereof |
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| CN201710795545.XA CN107466568B (en) | 2017-09-06 | 2017-09-06 | Grape cultivation method and cultivation frame thereof |
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| CN108293576B (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2020-11-13 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for promoting rapid shaping of high-corridor grapes |
| CN108781994B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2020-03-31 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | Fruit swelling method for new variety of grape Ruidu ruby |
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Effective date of registration: 20210415 Address after: Room 103, No.23, Maoting group, Bishan village, Xianyueshan sub district office, Liling City, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, 412200 Patentee after: Yang Ling Address before: 412200 Dawu group, Shilun village, Fenglin Town, Liling City, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province Patentee before: LILING CITY JINGWAN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. |
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