CN106538364B - A kind of greenhouse fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of greenhouse fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106538364B CN106538364B CN201610898961.8A CN201610898961A CN106538364B CN 106538364 B CN106538364 B CN 106538364B CN 201610898961 A CN201610898961 A CN 201610898961A CN 106538364 B CN106538364 B CN 106538364B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/16—Dismountable or portable greenhouses ; Greenhouses with sliding roofs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
- A01G9/227—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like rolled up during non-use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of greenhouse fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation methods, comprising: before fig bud is sprouted, takes fig result seedling, carries out root relief, beta pruning processing, overground part trunk retains 50~60cm, and as a result seedling is handled with root-growing agent；1d before being colonized is sprinkled profoundly water to cultivation garden, is disinfected, excavate kind of a plant hole；In Optimization-type heliogreenhouse, by the field planting of fig result seedling in kind of plant hole, it is concordant with ground that the depth of planting is subject to nursery stock rootstock, spreads fine sand after irrigating root water；After field planting, as a result seedling successively carries out the processing of cave storage rich water, cyanamide applies bud picking processing；It is managed by spraying using full exposure；It 1 month after field planting, respectively sprays within 2 months and 3 months foliar fertilizer 1 time, carries out Routine Management；Pruning is carried out to fig plant, it is tree-like to form " dry " font；Every plant of fig plant is equipped with frame, forms frame frame type.The method of the present invention cultivation fig plant qualitative character is excellent, and fruit economic indicator is high, and growth index is high, and resistance is strong.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fruit tree cultivation, are related to a kind of greenhouse fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method.
Background technique
Fig (Ficus carica Linn.) is the perennial fruit tree of Moraceae Ficus, originates in mediterranean country, is the world
On it is most ancient one of cultivate apple trees, on the ground such as Xinjiang of China, Shandong, cultivation history is long, forms hidden head due to its holder expands
Inflorescence, therefore claim " fig ".It is flat rich in mankind such as a variety of amino acid, vitamin and polysaccharide in the nutrition organs such as its fruit, stem, leaf
The important component of weighing apparatus diet, has both the value such as edible, medicinal and ornamental, and market exploitation prospect is wide.Fig week
Year production cultivation research history is shorter, and forefathers carry out some explorations in the fields such as Efficient Cultivation and nutrient research.Currently, high-quality
Efficiency cultivation technology for high is widely used to fig production, and many innovative researches are such as obtained in root-limiting cultivating and pot experiment
Achievement, the problems such as having well solved continuous cropping obstacle, soil improvement and quality optimization in fig greenhouse production, fig yield
Height, quality superiority and inferiority and adaptability and production cultivation mode close relation, and tradition such as root-limiting cultivating, pot experiment
Cultivation technique is larger to fig anniversary Efficient Cultivation restriction, is difficult to adapt to fig large-scale production and cultivates needs.And
And a kind of mode of the Efficient Cultivation as fruit nursery stock breeding and fine quality production, in production practices by outside environmental elements influenced compared with
Greatly, and fig branch has the characteristics that one of an important factor for uninterrupted growth, tree-like and fig fruit quality.Therefore it visits
A kind of good high-yield high-efficiency cultivation technology of rope provides solid technical guarantee for the safety in production of excellent variety, becomes current
The big project of one urgently to tackle key problems in fig industry.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of greenhouse fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation side is provided
Method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of greenhouse fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, steps are as follows:
Step (1), pretreatment: before late Febuary sprouts to early March fig bud, the fig knot of robust growth is taken
Fruit seedling carries out root relief, beta pruning processing, and overground part trunk retains 50~60cm, and the fig result seedling after trimming is taken root with ABT2
Agent processing；1d before being colonized is sprinkled profoundly water to cultivation garden, and to garden carried out disinfection processing using limewash, excavated diameter for 25~
30cm, the kind plant hole that depth is 30~35cm；Wherein, turf, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite, perlite are used to the cultivation garden
And the compound cultivation matrix that bone meal mixes；
Step (2), field planting: in Optimization-type heliogreenhouse, the fig result seedling handled through step (1) field planting is being planted
In plant hole, it is concordant with ground that the depth of planting is subject to nursery stock rootstock, spreads 1cm left and right thickness fine sand after irrigating root water；
Step (3), plant processing: after field planting, as a result seedling successively carries out the processing of cave storage rich water, cyanamide applies bud picking processing,
1 month after field planting, respectively spray within 2 months and 3 months foliar fertilizer 1 time；Pruning is carried out to fig plant: being retained on trunk
Two layers of major branch, every layer is stayed 2~3 major branches, the cutting back at 40~60cm on major branch, and it is tree-like to form " dry " font；Every plant of fig
It is equipped with corresponding frame, separates extension branch to fig major branch, fig plant major branch is dredged into layer shape and is transformed into happy shape, it will be away from ground
Extension branch at 40~50cm of face pulls open, and extends to the canopy face at the top of frame by the inclination of 40~45 ° of its tip angle, and extension branch is bundled
On canopy face, frame frame type is formed；It is managed by spraying using full exposure, keeps 20~25 DEG C of canopy on daytime temperature, night canopy temperature 13~15
DEG C (be not less than 10 DEG C), soil moisture 75%~90%.
In step (1), the fig result seedling is well developed root system, bud eye is full, no disease and pests harm 6 years raw results
Seedling.
The root relief processing: rejecting injured root system, and lateral root trimming is smooth, and too long lateral root cuts short 15~20cm of reservation, promotees
It grows fibrous root, and original fibrous root will retain 15~20cm.
The processing mode of fig result seedling after trimming: fig result seedling 600~800mg/L ABT2 root-growing agent
It first dips in and is stained with 5s, then 3~4h of immersion treatment.
The concentration of the limewash is 10~30g/L.
Turf in the compound cultivation matrix: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: perlite=6:4:2:0~1, preferably 6:
4:2:1, the dosage of the bone meal account for the 6%~8% of cultivation matrix total volume.
In step (2), the plantation density of fig result seedling is lm × lm.
In step (3), the cave storage rich water processing are as follows: 3~4 caves are dug along kind plant hole circumference centered on kind of plant hole,
Cave diameter is 15~20cm, depth is 20~25cm, and embedment heap grass, dosage is 2000~2500kg/667m2, spread on heap grass
Apply 0.3% urea liquid, covering film on heap grass.The heap grass is that be made of wheat straw, sawdust and straw compound covers grass；Using
Wheat straw, sawdust and straw mixing as heap grass be conventional use, straw, straw are first generally cut into broken section of 6cm or so, then with
Sawdust is homogenously mixed together, and is laid with after forming heap grass, is not considered every kind of material utilization amount.Mulch is double-colored using 12S black and white
Mulch.
The cyanamide is 2.5~3% cyanamide solutions.
The foliar fertilizer is the nutrient solution that N, P, K proportion are followed successively by 400mg/L, 35mg/L and 65mg/L.
Two layers of major branch of fig plant, first layer major branch vertical range between 28~30cm of ground, two layers of major branch
30~35cm.2~3 extension branches are stayed on each major branch.
The frame is horizontal rack, and frame includes 4 root posts, forms rectangular water in column top support rail
The face Ping Peng, the distance between two groups of parallel cross bars are respectively 1.0~1.2m and 0.8~1.0m, horizontal canopy identity distance level ground
2.2m。
In the present invention, trunk is that result seedling center is dry, directly from central backbone the mitogenetic branch come out major branch,
Cultivation results branch group is as fig setting fruit position on extension branch on major branch.
Optimization-type heliogreenhouse of the present invention, including rear wall 1, greenhouse front foot 2, east side gable 3, west side gable 4, temperature
Between room arch 5, rear roofing 6, buffering；The rear wall 1 includes wall 14 and wall support structure after fixing, wall after the fixation
14 by it is interior outward include inner wall 141, insulating layer 142 and exterior wall 143；The inner wall 141 is piled up by common brick, institute
The insulating layer 142 stated is styrofoam, and the exterior wall 143 is piled up by common brick；It is set in the wall support structure
There is wall 16 after dismounting, wall 16 is piled up by stalk block after the dismounting, can free installation and removal；Wall after the dismounting
16 inside is covered with fly net, and the outer side covering of wall has plastic film after dismounting, can carry out rainy day waterproof, summer insect prevention, winter
Season control is wet；The wall support structure includes inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and stringer, described
Inner column 151 arranges that the dislocation of outer column 152 is arranged among two adjacent inner columns along rear wall equal spacing in length direction,
Stringer is respectively set along rear wall length direction in the inner column 151 and 152 top of outer column, is arranged along rear wall width direction horizontal
Beam 154, inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and stringer collectively constitute a box support construction, should
Structural stability can is stronger, and the load that Sunlight greenhouse frame is born directly is passed in ground；The greenhouse arch 5 is by upper
The coating steel pipe fabricated construction that chord member 7, lower boom 8, connector 9 and longitudinal tie 10 are constituted, the top boom 7 and lower boom
8 are hinged to assembled arch by connector 9, and the both ends of top boom 7 and lower boom 8, which are respectively articulated with, is fixed on 2 He of greenhouse front foot
The top of wall 1 afterwards, top boom 7 and lower boom 8 are connect by wire clip with longitudinal tie 10 in east-west direction, form reticular structure；
Attachment beam 18 is equipped on the greenhouse arch 5, the both ends of every attachment beam 18 are separately fixed at by top boom 7 and lower boom
8 pass through on the assembled arch that connector 9 is hinged to, and attachment beam 18 is obliquely installed, with horizontal plane at 10-30 degree angle, attachment beam
18 can make greenhouse arch have good durability and structural stability, play the role of the reinforcing of greenhouse globality, increase greenhouse
Service life；The greenhouse arch 5 includes front roof 11 and adverse grade 17, at the top and side edge of the front roof 11
East-west direction is respectively equipped with top portion ventilation window and side vent window, and the top portion ventilation window and side vent window are provided with insect prevention
Net, is equipped with the pull-type plastic film of volume on top portion ventilation window and side vent window, and drop-down is rolled up pull-type plastic film and used when the rainy day
Waterproof is carried out in covering vent window；Canopy film is covered in addition to top sky air regulator and side vent window on the front roof 11
12, canopy film 12 is compressed with film-pressing line, and insulation quilt 13 is covered in the canopy film 12, and insulation quilt 13 is controlled by film rolling mechanism
Volume is put；Rear roofing 6 is equipped on the adverse grade 17；Positioned at the east side of the rear wall 1 of heliogreenhouse, length between the buffering
Direction can freely extend, and the interior space can be used as the storeroom of wall after dismounting and stack farm implements or greenhouse management work
People temporarily lives.
Inner wall the thickness 0.24m, heat preservation the thickness 0.10m, the exterior wall thickness 0.12m.
The inner column 151 is along the every 4m arrangement one in rear wall length interval.
The rear wall 1 after wall damp-proof layer 22, ram bed course 23 connect with ground, the rear wall damp-proof layer 22 include from
The waterproof mortar course and linoleum of top to bottm setting；The waterproof mortar thickness 20mm of the rear wall damp-proof layer 22, linoleum thickness 2mm.
Afterwards wall damp-proof layer 22 can not only waterproof, so that the stalk block of wall 16 after dismounting is not made moist, also help compacting and ram bed course column base
Plinth increases infrastructure stability.Front foot insulating layer 24 is equipped in the outside of the greenhouse front foot 2.The front foot heat preservation
Layer is 50mm thickness styrofoam.
It is equipped with front foot built-in fitting 20 in the greenhouse front foot 2, it is pre- that rear wall is equipped on the crossbeam 154 of the rear wall 1
Embedded part 21, front foot built-in fitting 20 and rear wall built-in fitting 21 are hinged with greenhouse arch respectively.
The canopy film 12 is anti-aging polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride longevity fogging-resistance film.The insulation quilt 13 is nitrile
Synthetic fibre cotton and cold-proof felt composite thermal-insualting quilt, the acrylic staple fibre and cold-proof felt composite thermal-insualting quilt include 2 layers of acrylic staple fibre insulation quilt and 2 layers
Cold-proof felt, acrylic staple fibre insulation quilt and cold-proof felt are alternately laid with suture.Make full use of its heat preservation property, as greenhouse outer covering its
Insulating power is preferable, and greenhouse temperature is significantly higher than the greenhouse temperature after common cotton is capped, 15cm ground temperature in greenhouse after covering
It is significantly higher than common cotton and is capped greenhouse；And composite thermal-insualting quilt long service life, permeability are good.
Processing of dripping is done on the 1 wall top of rear wall, overboard drenches Hou Qiang to reduce the rainy day.
The width of the top portion ventilation window is 80~100cm, and the width of the side vent window is 80~100cm.
The rear roofing 6 includes from interior thick single-faced color steel plate, the expansion polyphenyl plate, 1:0.2:3.5 set gradually outward
Cement, flyash haydites of book structure screed-coat, SBS modified bituminous pitch coiled material waterproof layer, 1:3 cement mortar protective course and GMC backhouse are strengthened
Panel.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Inventor analyzes the factor pairs fig such as cultivation matrix, breaking dormancy and cultivation mode under different greenhouses and plants
Strain growth and development, the influence of economic indicator and operating efficiency, establish a set of good greenhouse fig efficiency cultivation technology for high body
System.Using the method for the present invention, the preferably specific compound cultivation matrix in Optimization-type daily use chemicals greenhouse, fig plant cave storage fertilizer
Using cyanamide painting bud picking measure to be aided with after water measure, " dry " font is tree-like and frame frame type is handled, and fig growth and development is good,
Fig morphological characters is good, fruit economic indicator is high, and growth index is high；To carry out fig varietal adaptation and breeding, life
Morphotype is quasi- to provide material base with domesticating and cultivating, fruit year-round supply and green production research.Specific manifestation are as follows:
1, Optimization-type sunlight greenhouse structure is simple, more stable and stronger, builds and convenient for disassembly and assembly, high recycling rate, investment at
This is low, is conducive to Demonstration And Extension.Heat storing and heat preserving effect in greenhouse protrudes, and winter reduces heat loss, and other season ventilation effects are equal
It is even, the features such as being also equipped with insect prevention, waterproof, good appearance and big operating space.
2, the present invention obtains on the basis of selected suitable greenhouse in turf: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: perlite=
6:4:2:1 matrix treatments fig plant forms and physiological and biochemical index are excellent, and fruit economic indicator is good, and the cultivation medium formula is total
Porosity 65%, bulk density 0.37g/cm3, EC0.43mS/cm, water holding hole 39.64%, various physical and chemical indexes are superior to other and match
Side solves matrix heat preservation students with poor academic records and produces practical problem while improving ventilation, water conservation.
3, the present invention is aided with the tree-like fig with the processing of frame frame type of " dry " font using cyanamide painting bud picking measure and plants
Strain morphological characters is developed, and has facilitation to the development of plant Physiology and biochemistry, and growth index is high, most for fig production cultivation
Good environment can enhance plant resistance, obtain stable high yield, be remarkably improved economic benefit.
4, the present invention, can environment required for free regulation and control fig growth and development using protection fruit tree facility
Condition effectively changes environmental condition, reduces the harm of plant late frost, shortens fruit tree natural dormancy period, while preventing disease pest
Evil, reduces wormed fruit rate, and Pollution protection can get the nuisanceless fig fruit of fresh green.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse plan view that the present invention uses.
Fig. 2 is the south elevation figure for the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse that the present invention uses.
Fig. 3 is the east elevation figure for the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse that the present invention uses.
Fig. 4 is the western elevation for the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse that the present invention uses.
Fig. 5 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the rear wall construction schematic diagram for the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse that the present invention uses.
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the greenhouse front foot for the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse that the present invention uses.
In figure, wall after 1-, the front foot of the greenhouse 2-, the east side 3- gable, the west side 4- gable, the greenhouse 5- arch, roofing after 6-, on 7-
Chord member, 8- lower boom, 9- connector, 10- longitudinal tie, 11- front roof, 12- canopy film, 13- insulation quilt, wall after 14- is fixed, 16-
Wall after dismounting, 17- adverse grade, 18- attachment beam, 19- front foot insulating layer, 20- front foot built-in fitting, wall built-in fitting after 21-, wall after 22-
Damp-proof layer, 23- rammer bed course, 24- front foot insulating layer, 141- inner wall, 142- insulating layer, 143- exterior wall, 151- inner column,
152- outer column, 153- lacing wire, 154- crossbeam.
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of frame.
In figure, 25- column, 26- cross bar.
Specific embodiment
1 experimental field overview
This test is carried out in facilities horticulture research institute, Xiuqian City scientific base fig Efficient Cultivation Demonstration Garden, and Growing season is white
20~25 DEG C of ceiling temperature, 13~15 DEG C of night canopy temperature, humidity 75%~90%, sunshine is sufficient, and it is semi-moist continental to belong to warm temperate zone
Monsoon climate, the content of organic matter is high in test material, meta-acid, is suitable for the production cultivation of greenhouse fig.
2 test materials
It is filled from the excellent kind fig robust growth such as the units introduction and acclimatization such as Agricultural University Of Nanjing ' Blanc Rake ', tissue
Real high quality seedling is observed, the kind is adaptable for many years in facilities horticulture research institute, Xiuqian City scientific base cultivating and growing
By force, the advantages that fruit habit is excellent, and yield is high and good in economic efficiency, using ' the raw result seedling in Blanc Rake ' 6 year is test material.
3 experimental designs
Using random blocking experimental design completely, carry out fig Efficient Cultivation in the facilities such as Optimization-type heliogreenhouse
Comparative test, it is suitable for greenhouse that selection, which optimizes,.Plant cave carries out cyanamide painting bud picking after storing rich water measure, is aided with " dry " font
Tree-like and frame frame type technology selects different cultivation matrixes to combine, screens best seedling medium.On this basis, single cyanogen is utilized
Amine applies the preferably fig dormancy breaking measures such as bud picking, water stress, the removal of perula piece；Using fan-shaped, " high, wide, vertical " shape,
" dry " font etc. carries out the tree-like comparative test of fig；Carry out fig frame type comparative test using pylon, hedge frame, frame etc.,
Analyze different dormancy breaking measures, the influence that tree-like and frame type is to vine growth and development.Divide different tests area, with the every kind of uniline
50 plants are cell, 3 repetitions, to be suitble to the raw result seedling in Suqian main breed ' Blanc Rake ' 6 year as test material.
Nursery stock management: test period is that before sprouting to early March fig bud late Febuary, it is full to select well developed root system, bud eye
Full, no disease and pests harm 6 years raw strong sprouts carry out root relief, beta pruning processing, root relief processing specifically: reject injured root system, side before being colonized
The length that root pruning smoothly retains 15~20cm promotees it and grows fibrous root, and original fibrous root will retain 15~20cm；After beta pruning processing
Top trunk stays 50~60cm, is the equal of that only trunk does not have major branch；Result seedling 650mg/LABT2 root-growing agent after trimming
It dips in and is stained with 5S, immersion treatment 4h.Be colonized before 1d cultivation garden sprinkle profoundly water, using 22g/L limewash soaking disinfection to cultivation garden into
Row disinfection, successively digs cave, plants the bore of plant hole, depth is respectively 30cm, 35cm, is colonized by l × lm, and when matrix backfill makes root system
Unfold, the depth of planting is concordantly advisable with nursery stock rootstock with ground, spreads 1cm left and right thickness fine sand after irrigating root water.After field planting, knot
Fruit seedling successively carries out the processing of cave storage rich water, 3% cyanamide solution applies bud picking processing, is managed by spraying using full exposure, keeps optimization
In type heliogreenhouse daytime 20~25 DEG C of canopy temperature, 13~15 DEG C of night canopy temperature, soil moisture 75%~90%；1 month after field planting,
It 2 months and 3 months, sprays foliar fertilizer 3 times, ratio of nutrient solution N, P, K are followed successively by 400mg/L, 35mg/L and 65mg/L.
Index determining: number, leaf area, ground diameter Morphologic Characters, solubility occurs in observation in October fig plant young sprout
Sugar, Pro (proline), MDA (malonaldehyde) physiological and biochemical index, total reducing sugar, strain production, soluble solid, total acid fruit economy refer to
Mark, evaluation plant strain growth index Q=(young sprout generation number+leaf area+ground diameter+soluble sugar+Pro+MDA+ total reducing sugar+strain production+solvable
Property solid content+total acid) × 10%, using SPSS18.0 statistical software analyze related data.
Fig is tree-like: fan-shaped, " high, wide, vertical " shape, " dry " font
It is fan-shaped: to cut off frostbite branch on fig plant when early spring, reduce 2~3 sprouts on each trunk, retain one
Bud promotes to sprout result plumule.Summer repairs new branch, stays 5~6 blade pinching, and cutting off and normally retaining branch is in intersect
Branch retains 3~5 major branches, does not stay side shoot, major branch group on raw major branch.During trimming, in conjunction with plant translucency and growth
It needs, its branch overall structure is trimmed to " fan shape ".First fruiting period focuses on more culture branch groups, and the best fruiting period updates large and medium-sized branch group
Cut the weak branch group of contracting.
" high, wide, vertical " shape: fig plant heading height 80cm, 40cm or more cultivate strong major branch within the 1st year.2nd year spring
In season, select and remain 2 healthy and vigorous young sprouts, young sprout it is long to 50cm when lead young sprout vertical growth, young sprout it is long to 1.0m when, away from ground 1.0m high
1 iron wire is drawn at place, and the horizontal bondage of two young sprouts forms both arms thereon.3rd year spring tied up a cross bar at 50cm on the 1st iron wire, horizontal
Bar both ends are horizontal to pull on 2 50cm spacing iron wires, young sprout it is long to 50cm when tie up on horizontal iron wire, be in horizontal sagging type
State.
" dry " font: this is tree-like similar with " happy shape ", the 1st year fig plant 50~60cm of heading height, on trunk
Shoot growth amount, hair branch number are suitable for easily cultivating a little strong major branch in 30cm or more, being conducive to constitute the low compact tree crown of trunk.It is main
Dry upper to retain two layers of major branch, every layer is stayed 2~3 major branches, next year cutting back 40~60cm on major branch, first layer major branch distance
28~30cm of face, two 30~35cm of vertical range between major branch layer by layer, stays 2~3 extension branches, on extending branch on each major branch
It is tree-like can to form " dry " font for cultivation results branch group.
Fig frame type: pylon, hedge frame, frame
Frame: this type is mainly used in the production cultivation of greenhouse fig, because its daylighting and permeability are good, conducive to no flower
Fruit stable high yield.Every plant of fig is equipped with corresponding frame, and frame uses horizontal rack, including 4 root posts 25, on 25 top of column
Support rail 26 forms rectangular horizontal canopy face, is 1.0~1.2m along the distance between one group of parallel cross bar in line-spacing direction,
The distance between another group of parallel cross bar is 0.8~1.0m, and horizontal canopy identity distance level ground 2.2m separates extension to plant major branch
Branch, major branch dredge layer shape and are transformed into happy shape, away from extension elongation branch at 40~50cm of ground, extend by the inclination of 40~45 ° of its tip angle
Canopy face at the top of to frame, extension branch is bundled on canopy face, forms frame frame type.
Pylon: it is erect in every plant of fig tree base portion and bondage 1 high 2-2.5m cement pillar, fig plant trunk is high
Degree is 0.6~0.8m, extends branch on trunk and extends fruitful branch not bondage on branch, naturally droops it, is planted when trunk is sustainable
Cement pillar is removed when strain own wt, which is suitable for the strong kind of fruitful branch base portion bud eye Fruiting Ability, generally uses head
Training.
Hedge frame: this test hedge frame by taking single wall hedge frame as an example, along fig plant field planting row to density at a certain distance
Set up pillar, frame face is perpendicular to the ground, the high 1.5~2.5m of frame, frame face pull up 3~4 iron wires, according to fig breediness,
Training form adjusts hedge frame specification, which is suitable for dense planting, and ventilation and penetrating light is good.
Influence of the 3.1 different greenhouses to production cultivation effect
Using fig plant as test material, respectively ordinary construction heliogreenhouse, Optimization-type heliogreenhouse, lew,
Carry out cultivation production comparative test in the facilities such as vinyl house and glasshouse, is shown in Table 1.' give birth to result seedling in Blanc Rake ' 6 year
Test material, resident time are on 2 15th, 2013, and cultivation matrix is turf, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite, perlite and bone meal mixing
Form, wherein turf: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: perlite: garden mould=6:4:2:1 (V/V), the dosage of bone meal account for compound cultivation
The 6% of matrix total volume, each trial zone take 30 seedlings, on October 10th, 2013, observe plant forms shape, economic production
Amount, fruit quality situation.
The different cultivation greenhouses of table 1
Optimization-type heliogreenhouse is as shown in Figures 1 to 7, including rear wall 1, greenhouse front foot 2, east side gable 3, west side gable 4,
Between greenhouse arch 5, rear roofing 6, buffering；The rear wall 1 includes wall 14 and wall support structure after fixing, after the fixation
Wall 14 is by interior outward including inner wall 141, insulating layer 142 and exterior wall 143；The inner wall 141 is piled up by common brick,
The insulating layer 142 is styrofoam, and the exterior wall 143 is piled up by common brick；In the wall support structure
Equipped with wall 16 after dismounting, wall 16 is piled up by stalk block after the dismounting, can free installation and removal；After the dismounting
The inside of wall 16 is covered with fly net, and the outer side covering of wall has plastic film after dismounting, can carry out rainy day waterproof, summer insect prevention,
Winter control is wet；The wall support structure includes inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and stringer, described
Inner column 151 arranged along rear wall equal spacing in length direction, outer column 152 dislocation be arranged among two adjacent inner columns,
Stringer is respectively set along rear wall length direction in the inner column 151 and 152 top of outer column, is arranged along rear wall width direction
Crossbeam 154, inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and stringer collectively constitute a box support construction,
The structural stability can is stronger, and the load that Sunlight greenhouse frame is born directly is passed in ground；The greenhouse arch 5 be by
The coating steel pipe fabricated construction that top boom 7, lower boom 8, connector 9 and longitudinal tie 10 are constituted, the top boom 7 and lower edge
Bar 8 is hinged to assembled arch by connector 9, and the both ends of top boom 7 and lower boom 8, which are respectively articulated with, is fixed on greenhouse front foot 2
With the top of rear wall 1, top boom 7 and lower boom 8 are connect by wire clip with longitudinal tie 10 in east-west direction, form netted knot
Structure；Attachment beam 18 is equipped on the greenhouse arch 5, the both ends of every attachment beam 18 are separately fixed at by top boom 7 under
Chord member 8 passes through on the assembled arch that connector 9 is hinged to, and attachment beam 18 is obliquely installed, with horizontal plane at 10-30 degree angle (this
Embodiment is 30 degree), attachment beam 18 can make greenhouse arch have good durability and structural stability, play greenhouse globality
The effect of reinforcing increases the service life in greenhouse；The greenhouse arch 5 includes front roof 11 and adverse grade 17, before described
The top and side of roofing 11 are respectively equipped with top portion ventilation window (being not marked in figure) and side vent window (in figure not along east-west direction
Mark), the top portion ventilation window and side vent window are provided with fly net, are all provided on top portion ventilation window and side vent window
There is a pull-type plastic film of volume, drop-down rolls up pull-type plastic film and carries out waterproof for covering vent window when the rainy day；In the preceding room
Canopy film 12 is covered on face 11 in addition to top sky air regulator and side vent window, canopy film 12 is compressed with film-pressing line, in the canopy film
Insulation quilt 13 is covered on 12, insulation quilt 13 is put by film rolling mechanism control volume；Rear roofing 6 is equipped on the adverse grade 17；
Positioned at the east side of the rear wall 1 of heliogreenhouse between the buffering, length direction can freely extend, and the interior space can be used as
The storeroom of wall and stacking farm implements or greenhouse management worker inhabitation etc. after dismounting.
The rear wall 1 after wall damp-proof layer 22, ram bed course 23 connect with ground, the rear wall damp-proof layer 22 include from
The waterproof mortar course and linoleum of top to bottm setting；Afterwards wall damp-proof layer 22 can not only waterproof, make dismounting after wall 16 stalk block not
Dampness also helps compacting and rams bed course upright post basic, increases infrastructure stability.It is set in the outside of the greenhouse front foot 2
There is front foot insulating layer 24.
It is equipped with front foot built-in fitting 20 in the greenhouse front foot 2, it is pre- that rear wall is equipped on the crossbeam 154 of the rear wall 1
Embedded part 21, front foot built-in fitting 20 and rear wall built-in fitting 21 are hinged with greenhouse arch respectively.
The canopy film 12 is anti-aging polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride longevity fogging-resistance film.The insulation quilt 13 is nitrile
Synthetic fibre cotton and cold-proof felt composite thermal-insualting quilt, the acrylic staple fibre and cold-proof felt composite thermal-insualting quilt include 2 layers of acrylic staple fibre insulation quilt and 2 layers
Cold-proof felt, acrylic staple fibre insulation quilt and cold-proof felt are alternately laid with suture.Make full use of its heat preservation property, as greenhouse outer covering its
Insulating power is preferable, and greenhouse temperature is significantly higher than the greenhouse temperature after common cotton is capped, 15cm ground temperature in greenhouse after covering
It is significantly higher than common cotton and is capped greenhouse；And composite thermal-insualting quilt long service life, permeability are good.
Processing of dripping is done on the 1 wall top of rear wall, overboard drenches Hou Qiang to reduce the rainy day.The Optimization-type day
16 not load-bearing of wall after the dismounting in light greenhouse, but it is common by inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and stringer
Form a box support construction, the structural stability can is stronger, and by Sunlight greenhouse frame bear load directly pass in
Ground.
In a particular embodiment, Optimization-type heliogreenhouse net span 9.4m, greenhouse length (east-west direction) 50m, greenhouse ridge
High 3.9m, rear wall of greenhouse 1 are 2.66m high.Wherein, wall 14 is 1.3m high after fixing, and buried depth 0.8m, thick 0.48m include outward by interior
Inner wall 141,0.10m thickness styrofoam made of 0.24m thickness is piled up as common brick are as insulating layer 142 and 0.12m thickness by common brick heap
Exterior wall 143 made of block are all made of each 1cm of cement mortar troweling inside and outside wall；Wall 16 is 1.36m high after dismounting.Front roof angle
25 °, which refers to depending on the actual sunshine characteristic of China North Jiangsu Area.
The high 3.3m of top portion ventilation window on the front roof 11 moves towards parallel with the length in greenhouse, and width is
100cm；The high 1.6m of side vent window positioned at 11 southern side of front roof moves towards horizontally-parallel (east-west direction) with greenhouse,
Width is 80cm.
Wall support structure is made of zinc-plated component, inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and stringer
Size be respectively 70 × 50 × 3.0mm zinc-plated square steel, 50 × 50 × 2.0mm zinc-plated square steel, the zinc-plated angle 40 × 40 × 2.0mm
Steel, 50 × 50 × 2.0mm zinc-plated square steel and 50 × 50 × 2.0mm zinc-plated square steel, the inner column 151 is along rear wall length interval
At every 4m arrangement one.
The greenhouse arch 5 is coating steel pipe, wherein top boom 7,8 size of top boom be respectively 32 × 2.5mm of Φ,
Φ25×2.0mm。
The rear roofing 6 include from the interior 5cm thickness single-faced color steel plate set gradually outward, 10cm thickness expansion polyphenyl plate,
2cm thickness 1:0.2:3.5 cement, flyash haydites of book structure screed-coat, 2cm thickness SBS modified bituminous pitch coiled material waterproof layer, 2cm thickness 1:3 water
Cement mortar protective layer and 10cm thickness GMC backhouse stiffened panel.
The waterproof mortar thickness 20mm of the rear wall damp-proof layer 22, linoleum thickness 2mm.The front foot insulating layer is 50mm
Thick styrofoam.
The rear wall of plain edition heliogreenhouse of the present invention, vent window, attachment beam, heat preservation are set and Optimization-type daylight
Greenhouse is different, and other structures are identical.Rear wall high 2.8m, the thick 0.6mm of plain edition heliogreenhouse fill heat transfer system by building-block
Number, specific heat capacity and the lesser perlite of density are constituted, and are equipped with vent window every 3m on rear wall, vent window terrain clearance 1.4m,
Vent window is double-deck inside and outside wall having a size of 30 × 40cm；Not set attachment beam, insulation quilt is using careless felt.
Simple lew of the present invention, vinyl house, sunlight board greenhouse are the conventional plants types of this field.
Influence of the 3.2 different cultivation matrixes to production cultivation effect
Bud picking measure, which is applied, with cyanamide is aided with that " dry " font is tree-like with frame frame type technology, and cultivation matrix portfolio ratio is shown in Table
2, the bone meal for accounting for matrix total volume 6% is added in the processing of each cultivation matrix.Each trial zone takes 30 plants of fig nursery stocks, and 2013
2 months years in locality cultivation production, observe vine growth and development situation in October, 2014.
The different cultivation matrix portfolio ratios (V/V) of table 2
T1 cultivation matrix total porosity 68.2%, bulk density 0.28g/cm3, EC1.16mS/cm, water holding hole 49.43%.
T2 cultivation matrix total porosity 69%, bulk density 0.19g/cm3, EC1.29mS/cm, water holding hole 51.36%.
T3 cultivation matrix total porosity 67%, bulk density 0.32g/cm3, EC0.76mS/cm, water holding hole 42.56%.
T4 cultivation matrix total porosity 65.9%, bulk density 0.35g/cm3, EC0.65mS/cm, water holding hole 40.23%.
T5 cultivation matrix total porosity 65%, bulk density 0.37g/cm3, EC0.43mS/cm, water holding hole 39.64%.
Note: bone meal refers to that calcic 23%, phosphorus 10% are conventional commercial products to raise bone as powder product made of raw material；
Garden mould is original soil in the ground of garden；Decomposed cow dung is that those skilled in the art are made according to conventional decomposed method, such as can be by
It is made according to following methods: 2000kg cow dung is uniformly mixed with the commercially available common cow dung compost decomposing agent of 50kg, summer fermentation 8-
10d, season in spring and autumn fermentation 12-15d, to fermentation material humidity 60% or so.
Influence of the 3.3 different plants processing to production cultivation effect
Experimental design is shown in Table 3,4, and cultivation matrix is that turf, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite, perlite and bone meal mix,
Wherein turf: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: perlite: garden mould=6:4:2:1 (V/V), it is total that the dosage of bone meal accounts for compound cultivation matrix
The 6% of volume；Dormancy breaking measure is that cyanamide applies bud picking, water stress, the removal of perula piece；It is tree-like for it is fan-shaped, " it is high, wide,
Hang down " shape, " dry " font；Frame type is pylon, hedge frame, frame.Each trial zone takes 90 plants of fig nursery stocks, in view of tree-like culture week
Phase started to observe vine growth and development situation in October, 2015 in locality cultivation production in 2 months 2013.
3 orthogonal test factor level of table
4 Orthogonal Experiment and Design of table
4 results and analysis
Influence of the 4.1 different greenhouses to fig growth and development situation
Influence (mean ± SE) of the different greenhouses of table 6 to vine growth and development
Note: the different letter of each column respectively indicates has significant and extremely significant sex differernce, i.e. P ﹤ 0.05, P ﹤ between each other
0.01.Similarly hereinafter.
As can be seen from Table 6, the different greenhouse fig plant forms index error opposite sex are larger, and wherein the greenhouse B young sprout occurs
At most, A's number takes second place in greenhouse, is all remarkably higher than other greenhouses, but electrodeless significant difference therebetween；Different greenhouse plant
There are significant difference, the leaf area highests in the greenhouse B to have reached 35.74cm for leaf area2, the greenhouse D leaf area is minimum, only
25.05cm2；Ground diameter index variation tendency and leaf area are essentially identical, and the greenhouse B is maximum, reach 2.67cm, the greenhouse D is minimum, only
1.74cm.In terms of physiological and biochemical index, the greenhouse B fig MDA index is significantly better than other processing, and A takes second place in greenhouse, and the greenhouse C is most
Difference；The greenhouse B fig Pro content is significantly higher than other greenhouses, and there was no significant difference between the greenhouse A, E, and the greenhouse C is worst, only
34.33μg/(g·FW)；In terms of soluble sugar, the greenhouse B highest is taken second place up to the greenhouse 1.46%, A, is 1.31%.In addition, different
There is some difference for greenhouse fig economic indicator, wherein and the greenhouse E soluble solid content highest, B take second place in greenhouse,
It is significantly higher than other processing, but electrodeless significant difference, the greenhouse C are worst therebetween；In terms of total acid, the greenhouse A highest reaches
The greenhouse 0.46%, C is minimum, and only 0.27%；Total sugar content and single plant yield variation tendency are substantially similar, are the greenhouse B highest,
Respectively 21.51% and 15.81kg.On this basis, the greenhouse B fig growth index highest, it is minimum up to the greenhouse 15.92, C,
Only 10.96.It is also shown that the effect of Optimization-type heliogreenhouse heat storing and heat preserving protrudes, winter reduces heat loss, other seasons for test
Ventilation effect is uniform, and has the features such as insect prevention, waterproof, good appearance and big operating space.Therefore, in Optimization-type heliogreenhouse
Interior development fig production cultivation morphological index is good, fruit economic indicator and Physiology and biochemistry are excellent, and it is best greenhouse that growth index is high
Type should give large-scale demonstration popularization.
Influence of the 4.2 different cultivation matrixes to fig growth and development
The fig vine growth and development situation of the different cultivation matrixes of table 7
Show that different composite type cultivation matrix handles fig plant forms index situation significant difference by table 7, wherein T5
The young sprout of (turf: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: perlite=6:4:2:1) occurs number and is significantly higher than other processing, T1 (garden mould) and T3
Between (turf: decomposed cow dung: garden mould=1:3:3) be not present statistical analysis meaning, T2 (turf: perlite: garden mould=1:2:
3) minimum.During leaf area average is significantly examined, T5 is significantly greater than other processing, T4 (turf: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite=3:2:
1) take second place, followed by T3 ﹥ T1 ﹥ T2, but extremely significant difference (P > 0.01) is not present between T3 and T4 processing.Ground diameter between each processing
There is extremely significant difference, T5 highest, noticeably greater than other processing, T3 are taken second place, and T2 is minimum.Show to select turf: decomposed cow dung: leech
Stone: perlite=6:4:2:1 is as the optimum growh environment that cultivation matrix is that fig morphological characters is developed.
In terms of physio-biochemical characteristics, in addition to MDA content, T5 handles plant physiological and biochemical index highest, is significantly higher than other
Processing, specifically: T4MDA index is optimal, and T5 takes second place, and T1 is relatively poor with T2, but electrodeless significant difference (P > between the two
0.01), show turf: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: perlite=6:4:2:1 and turf: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite=3:2:1 processing pair
The development of fig plant Physiology and biochemistry has facilitation, can be used as fig production cultivation.Plant Pro content difference between different disposal
Anisotropic significant, T5 is maximum, and noticeably greater than other are handled, followed by T3, followed by T4 ﹥ T1 ﹥ T2.T5 plant soluble sugar content is aobvious
It writes and is higher than other processing, T1 is relatively high with T3, but therebetween without statistical analysis meaning
Different disposal fig economic indicator otherness is larger, and in addition to soluble solid content, T5 handles fruit economy
Index highest is significantly higher than other processing, specific manifestation are as follows: T4 fruit soluble solids content highest, T5 takes second place, but the two
Between without statistical analysis meaning (p > 0.05).T5 total acid content is significantly higher than other processing, minimum up to 0.61%, T1, only
0.31%.Different disposal is essentially identical to fig total reducing sugar variation tendency and single plant yield, and the equal highest of T5 respectively reaches
22.38%, 18.33kg, T2 are minimum, respectively 14.54%, 13.64kg.It is indicated above turf: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: precious
Zhu Yan=6:4:2:1 and turf: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite=3:2:1 processing has promotion to make the development of fig plant Physiology and biochemistry
With
To sum up showing that T5 plant forms and physiological and biochemical index are excellent, fruit economic indicator is preferable, growth index highest,
Show that the cultivation matrix is suitable for fig growth and development.
Influence of the 4.3 different plants processing to fig vine growth and development
Influence of the table 8-1 D1-D5 different plants processing to fig vine growth and development situation
| Group | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 |
| Young sprout generation number/ | 15.33±1.53Cd | 9.33±1.15DEf | 21.67±1.53Aa | 17.67±1.53Bc | 19.33±1.53Bb |
| Leaf area/(cm2) | 45.53±0.65Cc | 37.56±1.32Ef | 50.39±0.87Aa | 48.04±0.87Bb | 49.28±0.75AaB |
| Ground diameter/(cm) | 3.66±0.11Bc | 2.82±0.16Ef | 4.04±0.06Aa | 3.56±0.06BCcd | 3.89±0.02Ab |
| MDA/[μmol/(g·FW)] | 0.1±0.002De | 0.15±0.006Bc | 0.07±0.01EFg | 0.08±0.01DEfg | 0.05±0.004Fh |
| Pro/[μg/(g·FW)] | 54.2±1.06Cd | 43±1.81Fg | 63.2±1.5Aa | 58.16±1.5Bc | 60.22±0.61Bb |
| Soluble sugar/% | 1.77±0.09Cc | 1.24±0.06Fg | 2.08±0.06ABb | 1.94±0.06Bc | 2.23±0.1Aa |
| Soluble solid content/% | 29.72±0.5Bc | 24.95±0.73De | 32.7±0.25Aa | 28.73±0.25Bc | 31.41±0.11Ab |
| Total acid/% | 0.54±0.03Ee | 0.39±0.02Gg | 0.78±0.02Aa | 0.59±0.02Dd | 0.73±0.02Bb |
| Total reducing sugar/% | 18.12±0.5CDd | 13.02±0.04Fg | 20.59±1.1Bb | 23.21±1.1Aa | 19.29±0.56BCc |
| Single plant yield/kg | 14.04±0.6De | 12.11±0.92Ef | 21.19±1.11Aa | 16.66±1.11Cd | 18.24±0.36BCc |
| Growth index | 18.3±0.46Dd | 14.46±0.44Gg | 21.67±0.57Aa | 19.86±0.57Cc | 20.47±0.26Bb |
Influence of the table 8-2 D6-D9 different plants processing to fig vine growth and development situation
| Group | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 |
| Young sprout generation number/ | 5.33±0.58Fh | 11.33±0.58De | 7.67±0.58Eg | 14±1Cd |
| Leaf area/(cm2) | 31.51±0.96Gh | 39.73±0.62De | 34.53±1.2Fg | 44.2±1.06Cd |
| Ground diameter/(cm) | 2.06±0.09Gh | 3.41±0.04CDde | 2.36±0.15Fg | 3.3±0.13De |
| MDA/[μmol/(g·FW)] | 0.18±0.01Aa | 0.12±0.02Cd | 0.17±0.006Ab | 0.08±0.003DEef |
| Pro/[μg/(g·FW)] | 36.88±1.11Gh | 46.36±1.28Ef | 38.5±1.24Gh | 49.6±0.84De |
| Soluble sugar/% | 0.96±0.06Gi | 1.43±0.04Ef | 1.09±0.05Gh | 1.58±0.05De |
| Soluble solid content/% | 19.17±0.61Fg | 23.94±0.74DEef | 23.11±1.05Ef | 26.54±0.29Cd |
| Total acid/% | 0.33±0.02Hh | 0.47±0.02Ff | 0.29±0.02Hi | 0.66±0.02Cc |
| Total reducing sugar/% | 9.11±0.53Hi | 15.27±0.87Ef | 10.62±0.66Gh | 17.06±0.58De |
| Single plant yield/kg | 19.58±0.8ABb | 11.83±0.36Ef | 13.5±0.48DEe | 12.92±0.33DEef |
| Growth index | 12.51±0.09Ii | 15.39±0.4Ff | 13.18±0.2Hh | 16.99±0.32Ee |
By table 8-1 and table 8-2, it is found that applying bud picking measure with cyanamide, to be aided with " dry " font tree-like with frame Jia Xing technical office
Under reason, number, leaf area and ground diameter highest occur for plant young sprout, are significantly higher than other processing, specific manifestation are as follows: D3 is (with cyanamide
Applying bud picking measure, to be aided with " dry " font tree-like with frame frame type technology) fig plant young sprout averagely to occur number most, reach
21.67, it is significantly higher than other processing, D5 (with water stress measure with " high, wide, vertical " shape is tree-like and hedge frame frame type technology) is secondary
It, electrodeless significant difference (P > between the processing and D4 (being aided with fan-shaped tree-like and pylon frame type technology with water stress measure)
0.01), D6 (be aided with water stress measure " dry " font is tree-like and frame frame type technology) at least, only 5.33.D3 plant
Leaf area is maximum, reaches 50.39cm2, D5 takes second place, but with the former without statistical analysis meaning, D6 is minimum, only 31.51cm2.D3 without
Flowers and fruits plant ground diameter highest reaches 4.04cm, is significantly higher than other processing, and D1 (is aided with fan-shaped tree-like with cyanamide painting bud picking measure
With pylon frame type technology) take second place, it is 3.66cm, is significantly higher than other processing, D6 is minimum, is 2.06cm.
Fig Physiology and biochemistry and fruit economic indicator are influenced in research in different disposal, table 8 shows except MDA, solvable
Property sugar and total reducing sugar index outside, bud picking measure is applied with cyanamide and is aided with that " dry " font is tree-like and frame frame type processing items fruit economy
Index is optimal.Specific manifestation are as follows: in terms of MDA content, D5 is optimal, and D3 takes second place.D3 plant Pro is maximum, up to 63.2 μ g/ (gFW),
D5 takes second place, and is 60.22 μ g/ (gFW), D6 is minimum, only 36.88 μ g/ (gFW).In terms of soluble sugar content, D5 highest,
Take second place up to 2.23%, D3, is 2.08%, but extremely significant sex differernce is not present between the two, is all remarkably higher than other processing.Without flower
Fruit plant soluble solid content variation tendency and Pro are essentially identical, D3 highest, and D6 is minimum.In terms of total acid index, D3 is most
Height is significantly higher than other processing up to 0.78%, and D8 is minimum, and only 0.29%.D4 total sugar content highest, up to 23.21%, D3 times
It, is 20.59%.In terms of single plant yield, D3 highest reaches 21.19kg, is significantly higher than other processing；Secondly it is D6, is
Extremely significant sex differernce (P > 0.01) is not present in 19.58kg, the processing and D5.
On this basis, it is known that D3 fig plant strain growth index is optimal, and D6 is worst, the suitable item of fig growth and development
Part is that cyanamide applies bud picking measure to be aided with " dry " font tree-like with frame frame type technology.
Embodiment 1
A kind of greenhouse fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, steps are as follows:
Step (1), pretreatment: before on 2 15th, 2013 fig buds are sprouted, the fig result of robust growth is taken
Seedling carries out root relief, beta pruning processing, and overground part trunk retains 50~60cm, and the fig result seedling after trimming first uses 650mg/L
ABT2 root-growing agent, which dips in, is stained with 5s, then immersion treatment 4h；Be colonized before 1d, cultivation garden sprinkle profoundly water, using 22g/L limewash to garden into
Row disinfection treatment, the kind plant hole that excavated diameter 30cm, depth are 35cm；Wherein, the cultivation garden using turf, decomposed
The cultivation matrix that cow dung, vermiculite, perlite and bone meal mix, turf: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: perlite volume ratio=
6:4:2:1, the dosage of bone meal account for the 6% of compound cultivation matrix total volume；
Wherein, fig result seedling is selected from that well developed root system, bud eye be full, no disease and pests harm 6 years raw result seedlings.
The root relief processing are as follows: reject injured root system, lateral root trimming is smooth, and too long lateral root cuts short 15~20cm of reservation rush
It grows fibrous root, and original fibrous root will retain 15~20cm.
Step (2), field planting: in Optimization-type heliogreenhouse, the fig result seedling handled through step (1) field planting is being planted
In plant hole, plantation density is l × lm, and the depth of planting is subject to nursery stock rootstock with ground level, spreads 1cm or so after irrigating root water
Thickness fine sand；
Step (3), plant processing: after field planting, as a result seedling successively carries out the processing of cave storage rich water, 3% cyanamide solution is smeared
Bud processing, 1 month after field planting, respectively sprays foliar fertilizer 1 time for 2 months and 3 months；The foliar fertilizer is that N, P, K proportion are followed successively by
The nutrient solution of 400mg/L, 35mg/L and 65mg/L.Pruning is carried out to fig plant: retaining two layers of major branch on trunk,
Every layer is stayed 2~3 major branches, and next year cutting back at 40~60cm on major branch, first layer major branch is apart from 28~30cm of ground, and two layer by layer
30~35cm of vertical range between major branch, formation " dry " font is tree-like, and 2~3 extension branches are stayed on each major branch；Every plant of fig is matched
Standby corresponding frame, separates extension branch to fig major branch, and fig plant major branch is dredged layer shape and is transformed into happy shape, will be away from ground
Extension branch at 40~50cm pulls open, and extends to the canopy face at the top of frame by the inclination of 40~45 ° of its tip angle, extension branch is bundled in
On canopy face, frame frame type is formed；It is managed by spraying using full exposure, keeps 20~25 DEG C of canopy on daytime temperature, 13~15 DEG C of night canopy temperature
(being not less than 10 DEG C), soil moisture 75%~90%.Occur in fructescence in October, 2015 observation fig plant young sprout
Number, leaf area, ground diameter Morphologic Characters, soluble sugar, Pro, MDA physiological and biochemical index, total reducing sugar, strain production, soluble solid,
Total acid fruit economic indicator evaluates plant strain growth index Q, is shown in Table 9.
Wherein, cave storage rich water processing are as follows: dig 3~4 caves, cave diameter along kind plant hole circumference centered on kind of plant hole
It is 20~25cm for 15~20cm, depth, embedment heap grass, dosage is 2000~2500kg/667m2, 0.3% is spread fertilizer over the fields on heap grass
Urea liquid, covering film on heap grass.The heap grass is that be made of wheat straw, sawdust and straw compound covers grass；Using wheat straw, saw
End and straw mixing are conventional uses as heap grass, and straw, straw are first generally cut into broken section of 6cm or so, then equal with sawdust
It is even to mix, it is laid with after forming heap grass, does not consider every kind of material utilization amount.Mulch uses 12S black and white bicolor mulching film.
The vine growth and development situation of the lower fig of 9 the present embodiment of table processing
| Young sprout generation number/ | 21.67±1.53 | Soluble solid content/% | 32.7±0.25 |
| Leaf area/(cm2) | 50.39±0.87 | Total acid/% | 0.78±0.02 |
| Ground diameter/(cm) | 4.04±0.06 | Total reducing sugar/% | 20.59±1.1 |
| MDA/[μmol/(g·FW)] | 0.07±0.01 | Single plant yield/kg | 21.19±1.11 |
| Pro/[μg/(g·FW)] | 63.2±1.5 | Growth index | 21.67±0.57 |
| Soluble sugar/% | 2.08±0.06 |
Embodiment 2
The composite cultivation substrate mixed using turf, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite, perlite and bone meal to cultivation garden,
Turf: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite volume ratio=3:2:1, the dosage of bone meal account for the 6% of cultivation matrix total volume；Other with implementation
Example 1 is identical.Fig plant young sprout occurs number, leaf area, ground diameter Morphologic Characters, soluble sugar, Pro, MDA Physiology and biochemistry and refers to
Mark, total reducing sugar, strain production, soluble solid, total acid fruit economic indicator evaluate plant strain growth index Q, are shown in Table 10.
The vine growth and development situation of the lower fig of 10 the present embodiment of table processing
Claims (8)
1. a kind of greenhouse fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, it is characterised in that steps are as follows:
Step (1), pretreatment: before late Febuary sprouts to early March fig bud, taking the fig result seedling of robust growth,
Progress root relief, beta pruning are handled, overground part trunk 50~60cm of reservation, at the fig result seedling ABT2 root-growing agent after trimming
Reason；1d before being colonized is sprinkled profoundly water to cultivation garden, and to garden carried out disinfection processing using limewash, and excavated diameter is 25~30cm, depth
Degree is the kind plant hole of 30~35cm；Wherein, turf, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite, perlite and bone meal are used to the cultivation garden
The compound cultivation matrix mixed, turf in the compound cultivation matrix: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: perlite=6:
4:2:1, the dosage of the bone meal account for the 6%~8% of cultivation matrix total volume；
Step (2), field planting: in Optimization-type heliogreenhouse, the fig result seedling that will be handled through step (1) is colonized in kind of a plant hole
In, it is concordant with ground that the depth of planting is subject to nursery stock rootstock, spreads fine sand after irrigating root water；
Step (3), plant processing: after field planting, as a result seedling successively carries out the processing of cave storage rich water, cyanamide applies bud picking processing, field planting
It respectively sprays within 1 month afterwards, 2 months and 3 months foliar fertilizer 1 time；Pruning is carried out to fig plant: being retained on trunk two layers
Major branch, every layer is stayed 2~3 major branches, the cutting back at 40~60cm on major branch, and first layer major branch is apart from 28~30cm of ground, and two layers
30~35cm of vertical range between major branch stays 2~3 extension branches on each major branch, and it is tree-like to form " dry " font；Every plant of fig
It is equipped with frame, separates extension branch to fig major branch, fig plant major branch is dredged into layer shape and is transformed into happy shape, it will be away from ground 40
Extension branch at~50cm pulls open, and extends to the canopy face at the top of frame by the inclination of 40~45 ° of its tip angle, extension branch is bundled in canopy
On face, frame frame type is formed；It is managed by spraying using full exposure, keeps 20~25 DEG C of canopy on daytime temperature, 13~15 DEG C of night canopy temperature, soil
Earth humidity 75%~90%.
2. fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (1)
Fig result seedling be that well developed root system, bud eye be full, no disease and pests harm 6 years raw result seedlings.
3. fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (1)
Root relief processing: reject injured root system, lateral root trimming is smooth, and too long lateral root cuts short 15~20cm of reservation, and original fibrous root retains 15
~20cm.
4. fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), trimming
The processing mode of fig result seedling afterwards: fig result seedling is first dipped in 600~800mg/L ABT2 root-growing agent is stained with 5s, then soaks
3~4h of bubble processing.
5. fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (1)
Limewash concentration be 10~30g/L.
6. fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), no flower
The plantation density of fruit result seedling is lm × lm.
7. fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (3)
Cave storage rich water processing: dig 3~4 caves along kind plant hole circumference centered on kind of plant hole, cave diameter is 15~20cm, depth 20
~25cm, embedment heap grass, dosage is 2000~2500kg/667m2, 0.3% urea liquid is spread fertilizer over the fields on heap grass, covers ground on heap grass
Film；
The cyanamide is 2.5~3% cyanamide solutions；
The foliar fertilizer is the nutrient solution that N, P, K proportion are followed successively by 400mg/L, 35mg/L and 65mg/L.
8. fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (3)
Frame be horizontal rack, frame includes 4 root posts, form rectangular horizontal canopy face in column top support rail, two groups
The distance between parallel cross bar is respectively 1.0~1.2m and 0.8~1.0m, horizontal canopy identity distance level ground 2.2m.
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| CN113016489A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-25 | 黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院 | Creeping cultivation method for figs |
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