CN104956984A - Greenhouse fig cutting propagation seedling nursing method - Google Patents
Greenhouse fig cutting propagation seedling nursing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104956984A CN104956984A CN201510310193.5A CN201510310193A CN104956984A CN 104956984 A CN104956984 A CN 104956984A CN 201510310193 A CN201510310193 A CN 201510310193A CN 104956984 A CN104956984 A CN 104956984A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse fig cutting propagation seedling nursing method. A fig current-year semi lignification branch with 15cm long work as a cutting slip; the lower end of the cutting slip is disinfected and immersed into ABT root growth prompting agent with concentration of 800mg/L; in an optimized daylight greenhouse, an electric heating wire is paved on the internal bottom of a bed, so temperature difference of 10 to 15 DEG C can be achieved between the bottom and external environment; the well-processed cutting slips are inserted into cutting slip base material mixed by turf, decomposed cow dung, vermiculites, perlites and bone meal; after the cutting, water content of the greenhouse can reach 20 to 25% due to full-light exposure mist spraying management; after cutting, leaf fertilizer is sprayed once to No.45d, No.60d and No.75d cutting slips; and then normal management is conducted. Survival rate of the fig seedling can reach over 95% by the use of the greenhouse fig cutting propagation seedling nursing method; cutting slip callus and adventitious root apparition is shortened; in particular, the method most favors the cutting slip seedling callus; rooting numbers, root length and rooting rate can be improved; seedling stress resistance capability can be enhanced; and fig seedling healthy growth can be prompted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fruit tree cultivation, relate to a kind of greenhouse fig cottage propagation seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Fig (Ficus carica L.) is the perennial fruit tree of Moraceae Ficus, originate in mediterranean country, be the most ancient in the world one of to cultivate apple trees, on the ground such as Xinjiang of China, Shandong, cultivation history is long, form hypanthodium because its holder expands, therefore claim " fig ".Be rich in the important component part of mankind's balanced diets such as several amino acids, vitamin and polysaccharide in its nutrition organs such as fruit, stem, leaf, have edible, medicinal and the value such as to view and admire, exploitation prospect is wide.As traditional fruit nursery stock mating system, cottage propagation is the important channel of fig seedling breeding, especially along with the Prof. Du Yucang of growth hormone and the application of auto spraying, correlation technique measure there occurs development with rapid changepl. never-ending changes and improvements, now be widely used in fig greenhouse culture to produce, for fruit quality improving and breed breeding have established material base.The height of fig cuttage seeding survival rate, the quality of quality and adaptability and cuttage technique close relation; and existing cuttage technique far can not meet the demand of seedling large-scale production; therefore explore a kind of high-quality and efficient cuttage raise seedling technique and become a large problem of urgently tackling key problems in current fig industry, establish solid technical guarantee by for breeding of improved seeds.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the above-mentioned deficiency for prior art, a kind of greenhouse fig cottage propagation seedling-cultivating method is provided.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
A kind of greenhouse fig cottage propagation seedling-cultivating method, comprises following steps:
(1) the fig branch getting the raw then semi-lignified that length is 12 ~ 15cm robust growth, tissue enriches is cuttings, each cuttings band 2 ~ 3 leaves, and upper end is truncate apart from terminal bud 2cm place, and axillalry bud place, lower end is whittled into horse ear shape inclined-plane;
(2) sterilizing process is carried out to cuttings, re-use 600 ~ 800mg/L ABT2 rooting promoter immersion treatment, 1 ~ 3min;
(3) in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, spread heating wire bottom the cutting medium in slotting machine, realize substrate base and the extraneous temperature difference 10 ~ 15 DEG C, cuttings previous step handled well inserts cutting medium, cuttings upper end dew 2 ~ 3cm; Wherein said cutting medium is that the peat composed of rotten mosses, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite, perlite and bone meal mix, the described peat composed of rotten mosses, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 6 ~ 8:4 ~ 6:2 ~ 4:1 ~ 3, and described bone meal accounts for 5 ~ 8% of cutting medium cumulative volume;
(4), after cuttage, adopt full exposure spraying management, make water content 20 ~ 25% in greenhouse; 45d, 60d and 75d after cuttage, respectively spray foliage fertilizer 1 time, carry out conventional field management; Cultivate and obtain cuttage seeding in 3 ~ 4 months.
Method cuttings of the present invention carry out sterilizing process be preferably: cuttings cut after its lower end immersion treatment 10 ~ 15min in 800 ~ 1000mg/L carbendazim thimerosal, further preferred cuttings cut after its lower end in 800mg/L carbendazim thimerosal, soak 12min.
Adopt 4000mg/L network ammonia copper before the cuttage of method of the present invention preferred cutting medium, 160mg/L dislikes mould spirit and the sterilization of 1200mg/L carbendazim is mixed thoroughly stand-by; Before cuttage, 1d slotting machine waters permeable, carries out disinfection to slotting machine with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate.
The preferred cutting length of method of the present invention is 15cm, utilizes 800mg/L ABT2 rooting promoter process 2min for cuttage.
In method of the present invention, in described cutting medium, the peat composed of rotten mosses, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are preferably 6:4:2:1, and described bone meal accounts for 6% of cutting medium cumulative volume.
Method of the present invention preferably adopts full exposure to spray and manages, and makes water content 25% in greenhouse.
In method step of the present invention (3), the distance between rows and hills of cuttage is preferably 20 × 15cm.
Foliage fertilizer described in method step of the present invention (4) is proportioning is the nutrient solution that N, P, K are followed successively by 300mg/L, 25mg/L and 50mg/L.Described cuttage seeding is the cuttage seeding of the high 75 ~ 85cm of acrial part, base diameter 1.0 ~ 1.5cm.
Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat of the present invention, it comprise rear wall, gable, rear roofing, front roof, front roof bow member, the greenhouse forward foot in a step and buffering between; Described rear wall comprises fixing rear wall and wall support structure, and described fixing body of wall comprises recuperation layer, thermal insulation layer and heat-insulation layer outward by interior; Described recuperation layer is piled up by the building-block being filled with clayed soil and is formed, and described thermal insulation layer is styrofoam, and described heat-insulation layer is piled up by the building-block being filled with stalk block and formed; Wall after described wall support structure is provided with dismounting, after dismounting, wall can free installation and removal, and after described dismounting, wall is piled up by stalk block and formed; After described dismounting, the inner side of wall is coated with fly net, and after dismounting, the outer side covers of wall has plastic film; Described wall support structure comprises inner column, outer column, crossbeam, longeron and lacing wire, and described inner column arranges a place along the every 4m of rear wall of greenhouse length separation, and outer column dislocation is arranged in the middle of two adjacent inner columns; Described front roof bow member is coating steel pipe fabricated construction, front roof bow member comprises top boom, lower boom, connector, top boom and lower boom are hinged to assembled bow member by connector, and the two ends of top boom and lower boom are hinged to be respectively fixed on the greenhouse forward foot in a step and to remove Hou Qiang top; Top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window is respectively equipped with at the top of described front roof bow member and sidepiece, described top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are all furnished with fly net, top portion ventilation window is all parallel with the transverse direction in greenhouse with the trend of sidepiece vent window, and width is 80 ~ 100cm; Described front roof bow member is coated with canopy film except the empty air regulator in top and sidepiece vent window, and compresses with film-pressing line; Described rear roofing is made up of the single-faced color steel plate set gradually outward from interior, expansion polyphenyl plate, cement, flyash haydites of book structure screed-coat, SBS asphalt felt watertight composition, cement mortar protective course; The west side of the fixing rear wall of greenhouse by solar heat is positioned between described buffering.
Preferably, after described dismounting, the outer side covers of wall has the pull-type plastic film of volume.
Preferably, top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are equipped with the pull-type plastic film of volume, during the rainy day, the drop-down covering vent window of the pull-type plastic film of volume on top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are carried out waterproof.
Described canopy film is the long-lived fogging-resistance film of aging-resistant polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.
Wall not load-bearing after the dismounting of described Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, but jointly form a box supporting construction by inner column, outer column, lacing wire, crossbeam and longeron, this Stability Analysis of Structures performance is comparatively strong, and the load born by Sunlight greenhouse frame directly passes in ground;
Do on described rear wall body of wall top process of dripping, overboardly drench Hou Qiang to reduce the rainy day.After Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat front roof bow member of the present invention and rear roofing construction, carry out waterproof and isothermal holding in rear roofing and Hou Qiang junction and Hou Qiang top.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is optimized traditional cuttage technique, by taking various technical measures to set up high-quality and efficient greenhouse fig Technique on Cuttage Propagation system in production practices, solution fig cuttage seeding survival rate can be concentrated low, seedling is slow, the problems such as growth instability and shoot mass proterties difference, and then promoting the economic benefit improving constantly seeling industry in production.Greenhouse cuttage has played great function on China's fig seedling year-round supply, not only alleviate the contradiction of producing between seasonal and consumption equilibrium, this technology is also utilized to produce high-grade seedling, enrich nursery stock kind, famous-particular-excellent nursery stock, seasonal nursery stock, substantially meet and vastly produce cultivation enterprise and the demand of orchard worker, enhance the occupation rate of fig seedling in fruits and vegetables market and competitiveness.In addition, this technology can not only be divided into according to cultivation object difference facilitate cuttage, the cuttage and postpone cuttage of taking shelter from rain, and then grasp flexibly fig seedling harvest time, and increase its demand to illumination, temperature, the accurate control of liquid manure further promotes quick growth and the maturation of fig seedling.
(1) the present invention by carrying out fig cottage propagation seedling growth test in greenhouse, greenhouse selection, Screening matrix, scion process and cottage method are optimized, wherein, compare the establishment types such as plain edition greenhouse by solar heat, lew, plastic tunnel and glass greenhouse, the fig cuttings callus apparition in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat and the adventive root apparition shorter, cuttage callus rate and rooting rate high, adventive root effect produces to cuttage very large.In addition, the heat storing and heat preserving effect of Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat is given prominence to, and winter reduces heat loss, and other, ventilation effect was even in season, also possessed insect protected, waterproof, good looking appearance and the feature such as operating space is large.Therefore, Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat is the suitable establishment type of fig cutting propagation, should give large-scale demonstration and promote.
(2) peat composed of rotten mosses: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: the fig cuttings callus apparition that perlite volume ratio is 6:4:2:1, bone meal content is the composite interstitial substance process of 6% and the adventive root apparition shorter, for the suitable environment that cuttage organizes callus and adventive root to grow, maximum to the effect of cuttage generation adventive root, be that there is facilitation on the impact of epicormic branch cuttage callus rate and adventive root.
(3) according to indexs such as callus apparition, adventive root apparition, root length, radical and Rooting indexes, in conjunction with actual production, the better economic benefit that 15cm cuttings can obtain is selected; The cuttage root-taking number of ABT2 process, rooting rate and Rooting index are all high, and the adventive root apparition, early adventive root was large; In actual production, cuttage seeding quality of rooting during 800mg/L process is high.In sum, it is Optimal action that 15cm cuttings is aided with 800mg/L ABT2 rooting promoter, and this process significantly can promote that cuttage seeding callus and adventive root grow, and can be promoted when greenhouse fig cottage propagation and prevalent variety cultivation.
(4) test shows, fig cuttage seeding callus and the adventive root apparition of temperature difference combination control wet-treating are short, and large to adventive root growth, cuttage seeding rooting rate is high, and the adventive root of generation is many, and adventive root is long, and quality of rooting is high.Therefore, single control is wet or temperature difference process is all unfavorable for that growth of cuttage seedlings is grown, and the temperature difference combines control wet process and is applicable to fig cottage propagation, and promotional value is high.
Onset can be worked in coordination with between the greenhouse of optimization of the present invention, matrix formulations, the factor of influence such as cuttings process and cottage method, more single optimization process not only makes fig cuttings callus and adventive root apparition shorten, especially the most favourable to cuttage seeding callus, can also improve that cuttage seeding takes root that number, root are long, rooting rate and Rooting index etc., strengthen seedling resistance, and then promote nursery stock robust growth.The fig cuttage seeding survival rate more than 95% that the present invention cultivates, can go out garden then, can realize cuttage then, when year's harvest garden, when annual bearing and the object of getting bumper crops then.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Optimization-type sunlight greenhouse structure schematic diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat plane of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat I-I profile of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the inside structure figure of wall after the Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the outboard structure figure of wall after the Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat of the specific embodiment of the invention.
The Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat of Fig. 6 specific embodiment of the invention fixes the transverse, top-down-view of rear wall.
Fig. 7 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of wall after the Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, wall after 1-is fixing, wall after 2-dismounting, 3-wall support structure, 4-gable, roofing after 5-, 6-front roof, 7-front roof bow member, the forward foot in a step of 8-greenhouse, 9-recuperation layer, 10-thermal insulation layer, 11-heat-insulation layer, 12-inner column, 13-outer column, 14-crossbeam, 15-longeron, 16-lacing wire, 17-fly net, 18-plastic film, 19-top boom, 20-lower boom, 21-connector, 21-connector.
Embodiment
1 experimental field overview
This test is carried out at facilities horticulture research institute of Xiuqian City (hereinafter referred to as " my institute ") scientific base fig Germplasm Resources, Growing season greenhouse temperature 15 ~ 22 DEG C, humidity 70% ~ 90%, sunshine is sufficient, in test material, the content of organic matter is high, meta-acid.
2 test materials
Cuttings is the raw then semi-lignified branch that kind fig robust growth, the tissues such as ' the purple fruit of Japan ' of my institute's introduction and acclimatization enrich, each cuttings band 2 ~ 3 leaves, upper end is truncate apart from terminal bud 2cm place, axillalry bud place, lower end is whittled into horse ear shape inclined-plane, and cuttings is cut and afterwards 12min soaked in its lower end in 800mg/L carbendazim thimerosal.Matrix adopts 4000mg/L network ammonia copper, 160mg/L dislikes mould spirit and the sterilization of 1200mg/L carbendazim is mixed thoroughly, and cuttings is cuttage after treatment.
3 experimental scheme
Adopt random blocking experimental scheme completely, in the facilities such as Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, carry out fig cuttage and seedling culture comparative trial, select and optimize suitable greenhouse.15cm cuttings is aided with 800mg/L ABT2 root-growing agent, adopts different cutting medium to combine, screens best seedling medium.On this basis, adopt the treatment measures combinations such as orthogonal test analysis different cutting length, hormone and concentration, determine the treatment measures of cuttings.Matrix temperature differential method etc. is utilized to carry out fig Cutting test, analyze distinct methods to the impact of seedling root growth, statistics cuttage seeding is taken root the indexs such as number, root length, rooting rate and survival rate, overall merit fig cuttage rooting quality, preferably a kind of cottage method.Integrated to key technology novelty in cuttage process, set up greenhouse fig cuttage raise seedling technique system.
3.1 different greenhouses are on the impact of cutting experiment
With fig branch for examination material, in the facilities such as plain edition greenhouse by solar heat, Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, lew, plastic tunnel and glass greenhouse, carry out cottage propagation nursery comparative trial, in table 1 respectively.Get 30 cuttings in each greenhouse, repeat for 3 times.Random sampling after cuttage 1,8,15 and 22d, observe situation of taking root, each test item gets 3 cuttings.
The different cuttage greenhouse of table 1
Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat of the present invention is transformed and is formed on utility model patent Winter-summer dual purpose reassembling type greenhouse by solar heat (publication number 202857414U) and a kind of Novel solar greenhouse backwall structure (publication number 203378345U) technical scheme basis.As shown in Figures 1 to 7, Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat of the present invention, it comprise fixing after wall 1, after dismounting between wall 2, wall support structure 3, gable 4, rear roofing 5, front roof 6, front roof bow member 7, the greenhouse forward foot in a step 8 and buffering, after described dismounting, wall 2 is fixed by the wall support structure 3 arranging wall 1 top after fixation, and after fixing, after wall 1, wall support structure 3 and dismounting, wall 2 forms rear wall, described fixing body of wall 1 comprises recuperation layer 9, thermal insulation layer 10 and heat-insulation layer 11 outward by interior, and described recuperation layer 9 and heat-insulation layer 11 are separated by thermal insulation layer 10, described recuperation layer 9 is piled up by the building-block being filled with the larger clayed soil of thermal conductivity factor, specific heat capacity and density and is formed, and described thermal insulation layer 10 is styrofoam, and described heat-insulation layer 11 is piled up by the building-block being filled with stalk block and formed, described wall support structure 3 comprises inner column 12, outer column 13, crossbeam 14, longeron 15 and lacing wire 16, and described inner column 12 arranges a place along the every 4m of rear wall of greenhouse length separation, and outer column 13 dislocation is arranged in two adjacent inner column 12 centres, after described dismounting, wall 2 is piled up by stalk block and is formed, can free installation and removal, reduces heat loss after installing winter, removes other seasons and increases draught area, after described dismounting, the inner side of wall 2 is coated with fly net 17 and is convenient to insect protected in summer, and after dismounting, the outer side covers of wall 2 has the pull-type plastic film 18 of volume to avoid rainwater to drench stalk block, described front roof bow member 7 is coating steel pipe fabricated construction, front roof bow member 7 comprises top boom 19, lower boom 20, connector 21, top boom 19 and lower boom 20 are hinged to assembled bow member by connector 21, and the two ends of top boom 19 and lower boom 20 are hinged is respectively fixed on the greenhouse forward foot in a step 8 and wall 2 top after removing, top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window is respectively equipped with at the top of described front roof bow member 7 and sidepiece, described top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are all furnished with fly net, top portion ventilation window is all parallel with the transverse direction in greenhouse with the trend of sidepiece vent window, width is 80 ~ 100cm, sidepiece vent window and top portion ventilation window can form cross-ventilation, promote indoor air circulation, be beneficial to hot-air to be got rid of rapidly by top portion ventilation window, both the even temperature at indoor each position, significantly reduce indoor temperature again, top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are equipped with the pull-type plastic film of volume, during the rainy day, the drop-down covering vent window of the pull-type plastic film of volume on top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window is carried out waterproof, described front roof bow member 7 is coated with canopy film except the empty air regulator in top and sidepiece vent window, and compresses with film-pressing line, described rear roofing is made up of the asbestos board set gradually from the bottom up, expansion polyphenyl plate, cement, flyash haydites of book structure screed-coat, asphalt felt watertight composition, cement sand bed, be positioned at the west side of the fixing rear wall 1 of greenhouse by solar heat between described buffering, its length direction can freely extend, and the interior space as the storeroom of wall after dismounting and can stack farm implements, or greenhouse management workman lives.
Do on described rear wall body of wall top process of dripping, overboardly drench Hou Qiang to reduce the rainy day.Wall 2 not load-bearing after the dismounting of described Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, but jointly form a box supporting construction by inner column 12, outer column 13, lacing wire 16, crossbeam 14 and longeron 15, this Stability Analysis of Structures performance is comparatively strong, and the load born by Sunlight greenhouse frame directly passes in ground.The described Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat forward foot in a step and body of wall basis all adopt strip footing; Described canopy film is the long-lived fogging-resistance film of aging-resistant polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, to cover on assembled bow member and to compress with film-pressing line.
In a particular embodiment, Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat net span 9.8m, greenhouse length 50.2m, greenhouse ridge height 3.95m, rear wall of greenhouse height 2.8m.Wherein, the high 1.6m of wall 1, buried depth 0.5m, thick 0.65m after fixing, comprise the thick recuperation layer of 40cm 9, the thick thermal insulation layer 10 of 3cm and 20cm thick insulation layer 11 outward by interior, all adopt each 1cm of cement mortar troweling inside and outside body of wall; After fixing, the construction material of wall 1 is single row of holes concrete small size hollow building block, is of a size of 390 × 190 × 190mm, and clayed soil filled by internal layer building-block; Stalk block is filled in outer hollow building block; Thermal insulation layer 6 is styrofoam; The high 1.2m of wall 2 after dismounting.25 °, front roof angle, this elevation angle is determined with reference to China's Huanghuai Area area actual sunshine characteristic.Wall support structure 3 is made up of zinc-plated component, and the size of inner column 12, outer column 13, lacing wire 16, crossbeam 14 and longeron 15 is respectively the zinc-plated square steel of 70 × 50 × 3.0mm, the zinc-plated square steel of 50 × 50 × 2.0mm, 40 × 40 × 2.0mm Zinc-coated angle steel, the zinc-plated square steel of 50 × 50 × 2.0mm and the zinc-plated square steel of 50 × 50 × 2.0mm.Described front roof bow member 7 is coating steel pipe, and wherein top boom 19, top boom 20 size are respectively Φ 32 × 2.5, Φ 25 × 2.0.Top portion ventilation window height 3.3m on described front roof bow member 7, its trend is parallel with the length in greenhouse, and width is 100cm; Be positioned at the sidepiece vent window height 1.6m in front roof bow member 7 southern side, its trend is all parallel with the length in greenhouse, and width is 60cm.Carry out waterproof and isothermal holding at described rear roofing 5, rear roofing 5 with Hou Qiang junction and Hou Qiang top, be specially: set gradually 5cm thick single-faced color steel plate, the thick expansion polyphenyl plate of 10cm, 2cm thick 1:0.2:3.5 cement, flyash haydites of book structure screed-coat, 2cm thick SBS asphalt felt watertight composition and the thick 1:3 cement mortar protective course of 2cm outward from interior.
The heat storing and heat preserving effect of Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat is given prominence to, and winter reduces heat loss, and other, ventilation effect was even in season, also possessed insect protected, waterproof, good looking appearance and the feature such as operating space is large.
The rear wall of plain edition greenhouse by solar heat of the present invention and vent window arrange different from Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, and other structures are identical.Rear wall height 2.8m, the thick 0.6mm of plain edition greenhouse by solar heat, the perlite of filling heat transfer coefficient, specific heat capacity and density less by building-block is formed, rear wall is provided with vent window every 3m, vent window terrain clearance 1.4m, vent window is of a size of 30cm × 40cm, double-deck inside and outside body of wall.
3.2 different substrates are on the impact of cutting experiment
Be aided with 800mg/L ABT2 rooting promoter with 15cm fig cuttings, substrate combination in table 2, the bone meal all containing 6% (v/v) in described formula.Often organize test and get 30 cuttings, repeat for 3 times.After cuttage the 1st, 8,15 and 22d random sampling, observe root growth situation, get 3 cuttings at every turn.
The peat composed of rotten mosses, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite and perlite ratio (V/V) in the different cutting medium combination of table 2
3.3 different cuttings process are on the impact of cutting experiment
Experimental scheme, in table 3,4, often processes cuttings 30, and repeat for 3 times, take clear water as contrast, matrix is the peat composed of rotten mosses: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: perlite=6:4:2:1; Cuttings is long is 12cm, 15cm and 18cm; Hormone selects methyl α-naphthyl acetate, ABT2 and indolebutyric acid; Concentration is 400mg/L, 800mg/L and 1200mg/L, processing time 2min.Random sampling after cuttage 1,8,15 and 22d, observes cuttage rooting situation.
Table 3 orthogonal experiment factor level
Table 4 Orthogonal Experiment and Design
3.4 different cottage methods are on the impact of cutting experiment
On this basis, adopt matrix temperature differential method, control wet method respectively, fig cuttage and seedling culture comparative trial is carried out in the temperature difference+control wet method, contrast etc., and (temperature differential method, by substrate base paving heating wire, realizes bottom and the extraneous temperature difference 12 DEG C; Control wet method is realized by full exposure spraying, water content 25%), in table 5.Get 30 cuttings in each greenhouse, repeat for 3 times.Random sampling after cuttage 1,8,15 and 22d, observes situation of taking root.
The different cottage method of table 5
Test period is on May 30th, 2014, and before cuttage, 1d slotting machine waters permeable, carries out disinfection to slotting machine with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, and cuttings is cut and sterilized to its lower end afterwards, cuttage after HORMONE TREATMENT.With being slightly coarser than the branch of cuttings by 20 × 15cm distance between rows and hills jack on slotting machine, then cuttings is inserted in the hole, upper end dew 2 ~ 3cm (containing 1 bud).After cuttage, observe 1 seedling callus situation every 6d, to wound healing, observe weekly 1 secondary root situation.Full exposure spraying is adopted to manage, 45d, 60d and 75d after cuttage, respectively spray foliage fertilizer 1 time, foliage fertilizer is proportioning is the nutrient solution that N, P, K are followed successively by 300mg/L, 25mg/L and 50mg/L, and carry out Routine Management (Ji Hongwen. greenhouse, Xinjiang fig cuttage raise seedling technique [J]. modern horticultural, 2013,6:29).On September 25th, 2014, statistics cuttage seeding is taken root number, root length, rooting rate and survival rate etc., overall merit cuttage rooting quality (Q=rooting rate × 50%+ mean elements × 25%+ average root long × 25%), and adopt SPSS18.0 statistical software to analyze related data.
4 results and analysis
4.1 different cuttage greenhouses are taken root on fig the impact of situation
The different greenhouse of table 6 is on the impact of cuttage root-taking
Note: significant difference (p<0.05) between different letter representation process, lower same.
Table 6 draws, callus and the adventive root ability of growing of the fig cuttage of different greenhouses are different, and the cuttings callus apparition wherein in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat and lew is relatively short, significantly early than other process; In plastic tunnel, time of occurrence at the latest.In Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, the cuttings adventive root apparition is the shortest, is secondly plain edition greenhouse by solar heat, and the two is significantly early than other process; In lew, time of occurrence at the latest.In addition, callus rate and the rooting rate of fig cuttage in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat are high, and produce adventive root effect very greatly to cuttage, the adventive root of generation is long, and quality of rooting is high.Test also shows, the effect of Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat heat storing and heat preserving is given prominence to, and winter reduces heat loss, and other, ventilation effect was even in season, also possessed insect protected, waterproof, good looking appearance and the feature such as operating space is large.Therefore, the situation of taking root of carrying out fig cottage propagation in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat is best, and root system development comparatively early, is best greenhouse, should give large-scale demonstration and promote.
4.2 different substrates process are taken root on fig the impact of situation
The impact of table 7 different substrates process cuttage root-taking
Table 7 can be found out, the callus ability opposite sex of different substrates process fig cuttage is comparatively large, and the cuttings callus apparition of T5 process is the shortest, is only 8.67d, significantly early than other process; T2 process time of occurrence at the latest, is 14.33d.The impact of different substrates process on the fig cuttage adventive root apparition is similar on the impact of callus: the cuttings adventive root apparition of T5 process is still the shortest, is 10d, a little earlier in T4 process, but significantly early than other process; The cuttings adventive root time in apparition of T1 process is longer, is 19.33d; Although the cuttings of T2 process has callus to occur, not there is adventive root.In root long side, the adventive root that T5 process produces is the longest, reaches 2.39cm, is significantly higher than other process; T1, T3, T4 tri-processes root length and remains basically stable, and otherness is not remarkable.The facilitation of T5 process to cutting plantation is maximum, and rooting rate reaches 40.44%, is significantly higher than other process; Other are followed successively by is T4, T3 and T1 process, and rooting rate is respectively 26.48%, 12.64% and 9.45%; T2 process is the poorest, does not occur adventive root.In quality of rooting, the quality of rooting of T5 process is maximum, is 21.74, be secondly T4 process, and the quality of rooting of T2 process is minimum.
Drawn by table 7, the impact of the callus ability of different substrates process fig cuttage has significant difference, wherein, the peat composed of rotten mosses: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: perlite=6:4:2:1, bone meal content are that cuttings callus apparition of the composite interstitial substance process of 6% and adventive root apparition are all the shortest, significantly be less than other process, show that this process is the optimum growh environment that callus and adventive root growth are organized in fig cuttage.In addition, the peat composed of rotten mosses: decomposed cow dung: vermiculite: perlite=6:4:2:1, bone meal content are that the fig cuttage rooting of the composite interstitial substance process of 6% is the longest, maximum to cutting plantation facilitation, quality of rooting is maximum, shows that this is treated to fig root growth and development and creates suitable condition.
4.3 different disposal are on the impact of fig cuttage root-taking
4.3.1 fig cuttage is organized to the impact of callus
Under different disposal, fig callus situation is in table 8, analysis shows, according to the size of extreme difference (R), the primary and secondary order affecting callus apparition factor is hormone concentration > hormone types > cutting length, i.e. 15cm cuttings+1200mg/LABT2.In like manner, the factor primary and secondary order affecting cuttings callus rate is: cutting length > hormone concentration > hormone types, i.e. 18cm cuttings+400mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate.
The intuitive analysis of table 8 pair fig cuttage callus
Table 9 can be found out, the fig cuttage callus of the 5th group of process occurs the earliest, is only 6.84d, all remarkable in other process; 3rd group occurs the latest with the 6th group of process callus, reaches 10.48d and 10.28d respectively.The fig cuttage callus rate of the 4th group of process is the highest, reaches 76%, is significantly higher than other process; The callus rate of the 8th group of process is taken second place, and is 68%, is significantly higher than other process; 7th group of process cuttage callus rate is minimum, is 40.33%.Comprehensive analysis, cuttings 15cm is the optimal conditions promoting that fig cuttage callus occurs and grows in conjunction with 400mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate.
The Multiple range test of table 9 different disposal fig cuttage callus situation
4.3.2 on the impact that fig cuttage adventive root is grown
Different disposal is on the impact of fig cuttage root-taking situation, and table 10 shows, affecting adventive root apparition each factor optimal level is 12cm cuttings+1200mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate; Affecting each factor optimal level of cuttings radical is 15cm cuttings+800mg/LABT2; Acting on each factor optimal level of size to cuttings root length is 15cm cuttings+1200mg/L ABT2; Affecting each factor optimal level to fig cutting plantation is 15cm cuttings+800mg/L ABT2; Be 15cm cuttings+800mg/L ABT2 to each factor optimal level of fig cuttage root-taking quality influence.
The intuitive analysis that table 10 affects fig cuttage adventive root
Different disposal is as shown in table 11 to fig cuttage root-taking orthogonal experiments, the fig cuttage adventive root of the 7th group of process occurs the earliest, be only 9.26d, early than the 5th group of process (9.34d), but both othernesses are not remarkable, and except with the 3rd group and the 4th group of process difference significantly except, all remarkable in other process; It is more late that 2nd group, the 8th group process and the 9th group of process adventive root occur, is respectively 13.97d, 13.85d and 14.54d; There is the adventive root time at the latest in the 6th group of process, is 15.17d, significantly more than other process; There is not adventive root in the 1st group of process, relevant performance is the poorest.In root long side, the 6th group of process can promote the elongation of adventive root, and cuttings adventive root length reaches 3.28cm, is all significantly higher than other process; The adventive root length of the 5th group, the 4th group process and the 2nd group of process is also longer, reaches 2.6cm, 2.71cm and 2.43cm respectively; The root of the 9th group of process is long shorter, is only 0.85cm.The impact that different disposal produces radical to fig cuttage is also different.The adventive root of the 5th group of process occurs that quantity is maximum, reaches 26.33, is significantly higher than other process; Next adventive root quantity being the 7th group of process occurs is more, reaches 6.27; The adventive root that 3rd group and the 9th group of process produce is less, is respectively 1.72 and 2.11, except more than except the 1st group that does not take root, and minimum number.
Found out by table 11, the fig cutting plantation of different disposal is widely different.The cutting plantation of the 5th group of process reaches 57.67%, is significantly higher than other process; Next is the 4th group of process, and cutting plantation is 36.33%; Other process cutting plantation is all below 30%, and the 3rd group and the 6th group is only 14.33% and 13% respectively, but is better than the 1st group of process of not taking root.Rooting index, as an overall target, can illustrate easily and verify the complexity of plant establishment.In addition, the cuttage root-taking quality of the 5th group of process is the highest, reaches 36.07, is significantly higher than other process; Next is the 4th group of process, and quality of rooting is 19.51, except the 1st group do not take root except, the quality of rooting of the 8th group of process is minimum, is only 9.
The Multiple range test that table 11 different disposal fig cuttage adventive root is grown
The relation that 4.4 cottage methods and fig cuttage seeding are taken root
Table 12 can be found out, under different cottage method, fig seedling callus ability is different, and wherein the cuttings callus apparition of temperature difference combination control wet-treating is the shortest, and be only 6.14d, single use temperature differential method time of occurrence at the latest, is 10.44d.Also there is significant difference in different cottage method epicormic branch cuttage callus rate, the cuttage callus rate of single use temperature differential method process is the highest, reaches 69%, and the single control wet method that uses affects least favorable to cuttage, and be only 40.67%, it is significantly lower than other process.Test shows, distinct methods cuttage adventive root growing state is different, and single use control wet method is maximum to the effect of cuttage generation adventive root, and the cuttings adventive root apparition is the shortest, and be 8.85d, control treatment is taken second place, and is 9.34d, and the two is significantly early than other process; The adventive root that the temperature difference combines the generation of control wet process cuttings is maximum, and be 32.46, be significantly higher than other method, each cuttings of temperature differential method only has 18.69 adventive root.Root long side, the adventive root average length that the temperature difference combines the generation of control wet method is the highest, reaches 3.06cm, is significantly higher than additive method.In addition, it is maximum that the temperature difference combines the facilitation of control wet process to cuttage root-taking, and rooting rate reaches 64.33%, and temperature differential method rooting rate is minimum.Quality of rooting aspect, it is maximum that the temperature difference combines control wet method quality of rooting, be 41.05, and the quality of rooting of temperature differential method is minimum, is only 27.71.
The relation that table 12 cottage method and fig cuttage seeding are taken root
Embodiment 1
This test is carried out at my institute's scientific base fig Germplasm Resources Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, Growing season greenhouse temperature 15-22 DEG C, humidity 70% ~ 90%, and sunshine is sufficient, and in test material, the content of organic matter is high, meta-acid.Spread heating wire bottom cutting medium in cuttage slotting machine, realize bottom and the extraneous temperature difference 12 DEG C.
The raw then semi-lignified branch that cuttings is ' the purple fruit of Japan ' fig robust growth, tissue enriches, length is 15cm, each cuttings band 2 ~ 3 leaves, upper end is truncate apart from terminal bud 2cm place, axillalry bud place, lower end is whittled into horse ear shape inclined-plane, cuttings is cut its lower end rear and soak 12min in 800mg/L carbendazim thimerosal, utilizes 800mg/L ABT2 rooting promoter immersion treatment 2min.
Cutting medium is the composite interstitial substance that the peat composed of rotten mosses, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite, perlite and bone meal mix, the peat composed of rotten mosses, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 6:4:2:1, bone meal accounts for 6% of cutting medium cumulative volume, with 4000mg/L network ammonia copper, 160mg/L dislike mould spirit and 1200mg/L carbendazim sterilization mix thoroughly.May 30, namely before cuttage, 1d slotting machine waters permeable, carries out disinfection to slotting machine with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, with being slightly coarser than the branch of cuttings by 20cm × 15cm distance between rows and hills jack on slotting machine, again the cuttings handled well is inserted in the hole, upper end dew 2 ~ 3cm (containing 1 bud).Full exposure spraying is adopted to manage, make water content 25% in greenhouse, after cuttage, 30d adds up survival rate is 95% (cuttings starts germination and is considered as cutting survival), 45d, 60d and 75d, respectively spray foliage fertilizer 1 time, foliage fertilizer is proportioning is the nutrient solution that N, P, K are followed successively by 300mg/L, 25mg/L and 50mg/L, and carry out Routine Management (Ji Hongwen. greenhouse, Xinjiang fig cuttage raise seedling technique [J]. modern horticultural, 2013,6:29).September 25, obtain the cuttage seeding of height of seedling (acrial part) 75 ~ 85cm, base diameter 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, garden can be gone out and transplant.Statistics cuttage seeding is taken root number, root length, rooting rate etc., overall merit cuttage rooting quality (Q=rooting rate × 50%+ mean elements × 25%+ average root long × 25%), and adopts SPSS18.0 statistical software analysis related data.
The index parameters such as the cuttage seeding that the optimized method of the present invention obtains takes root that number, root are long, rooting rate and survival rate, and then the quality of rooting of overall merit cuttings.
The growing state of fig cuttage seeding under table 13 optimal treatment condition of the present invention
Claims (10)
1. a greenhouse fig cottage propagation seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) the fig branch getting the raw then semi-lignified that length is 12 ~ 15cm robust growth, tissue enriches is cuttings, each cuttings band 2 ~ 3 leaves, and upper end is truncate apart from terminal bud 2cm place, and axillalry bud place, lower end is whittled into horse ear shape inclined-plane;
(2) sterilizing process is carried out to cuttings, re-use 600 ~ 800mg/L ABT2 rooting promoter immersion treatment, 1 ~ 3min;
(3) in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, spread heating wire bottom the cutting medium in slotting machine, realize substrate base and the extraneous temperature difference 10 ~ 15 DEG C, cuttings previous step handled well inserts cutting medium, cuttings upper end dew 2 ~ 3cm; Wherein, described cutting medium is that the peat composed of rotten mosses, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite, perlite and bone meal mix, the described peat composed of rotten mosses, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 6 ~ 8:4 ~ 6:2 ~ 4:1 ~ 3, and described bone meal accounts for 5 ~ 8% of cutting medium cumulative volume;
(4), after cuttage, adopt full exposure spraying management, make water content 20 ~ 25% in greenhouse; 45d, 60d and 75d after cuttage, respectively spray foliage fertilizer 1 time, carry out conventional field management; Cultivate and obtain cuttage seeding in 3 ~ 4 months.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that cuttings is carried out sterilizing and is treated to: cuttings cuts rear its lower end immersion treatment 10 ~ 15min in 800 ~ 1000mg/L carbendazim thimerosal; Preferably, cuttings cut after its lower end in 800mg/L carbendazim thimerosal, soak 12min.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that cutting length is 15cm, uses 800mg/L ABT2 rooting promoter process 2min to be used for cuttage.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the peat composed of rotten mosses in described cutting medium, decomposed cow dung, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 6:4:2:1, described bone meal accounts for 6% of cutting medium cumulative volume.
5. method according to claim 1, adopts 4000mg/L network ammonia copper, 160mg/L dislikes mould spirit and the sterilization of 1200mg/L carbendazim is mixed thoroughly stand-by before it is characterized in that cutting medium cuttage; Before cuttage, 1d slotting machine waters permeable, carries out disinfection to slotting machine with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that adopting full exposure spraying management, makes water content 25% in greenhouse.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the distance between rows and hills of cuttage in step (3) is 20 × 15cm.
8. method according to claim 1, to it is characterized in that in step (3) Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat comprise rear wall, gable, rear roofing, front roof, front roof bow member, between the greenhouse forward foot in a step and buffering; Described rear wall comprises fixing rear wall and wall support structure, and described fixing body of wall comprises recuperation layer, thermal insulation layer and heat-insulation layer outward by interior; Described recuperation layer is piled up by the building-block being filled with clayed soil and is formed, and described thermal insulation layer is styrofoam, and described heat-insulation layer is piled up by the building-block being filled with stalk block and formed; Wall after described wall support structure is provided with dismounting, after described dismounting, wall is piled up by stalk block and is formed; After described dismounting, the inner side of wall is coated with fly net, and after dismounting, the outer side covers of wall has the pull-type plastic film of volume; Described wall support structure comprises inner column, outer column, crossbeam, longeron and lacing wire, and described inner column arranges a place along the every 4m of rear wall of greenhouse length separation, and outer column dislocation is arranged in the middle of two adjacent inner columns; Described front roof bow member is coating steel pipe fabricated construction, front roof bow member comprises top boom, lower boom, connector, top boom and lower boom are hinged to assembled bow member by connector, and the two ends of top boom and lower boom are hinged to be respectively fixed on the greenhouse forward foot in a step and to remove Hou Qiang top; Top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window is respectively equipped with at the top of described front roof bow member and sidepiece, described top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are all furnished with fly net, top portion ventilation window is all parallel with the transverse direction in greenhouse with the trend of sidepiece vent window, and width is 80 ~ 100cm; Described front roof bow member is coated with canopy film except the empty air regulator in top and sidepiece vent window, and compresses with film-pressing line; Described rear roofing is made up of the single-faced color steel plate set gradually outward from interior, expansion polyphenyl plate, cement, flyash haydites of book structure screed-coat, SBS asphalt felt watertight composition, cement mortar protective course; The west side of the fixing rear wall of greenhouse by solar heat is positioned between described buffering.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the foliage fertilizer described in step (4) be proportioning is the nutrient solution that N, P, K are followed successively by 300mg/L, 25mg/L and 50mg/L.
10. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described cuttage seeding is the cuttage seeding of the high 75 ~ 85cm of acrial part, base diameter 1.0 ~ 1.5cm.
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