CN106538364A - A kind of greenhouse Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of greenhouse Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106538364A CN106538364A CN201610898961.8A CN201610898961A CN106538364A CN 106538364 A CN106538364 A CN 106538364A CN 201610898961 A CN201610898961 A CN 201610898961A CN 106538364 A CN106538364 A CN 106538364A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/16—Dismountable or portable greenhouses ; Greenhouses with sliding roofs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
- A01G9/227—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like rolled up during non-use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of greenhouse Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, including：Before Fructus Fici bud is sprouted, Fructus Fici result Seedling is taken, carry out root relief, beta pruning and process, overground part trunk retains 50～60cm, and as a result Seedling is processed with root-growing agent；1d before field planting, pours permeable to cultivation garden, disinfects, excavate kind of a plant hole；In Optimization-type heliogreenhouse, Fructus Fici result Seedling is colonized in kind of plant hole, the depth of planting is defined so that nursery stock root neck is concordant with ground, spreads fine sand after irrigating root water；After field planting, as a result Seedling carries out cave storage rich water process, cyanamide successively and applies bud picking process；Managed using full exposure spraying；1 month after field planting, foliage fertilizer 1 time is respectively sprayed within 2 months and 3 months, carry out Routine Management；Pruning is carried out to Fructus Fici plant, " doing " font is formed tree-like；Every plant of Fructus Fici plant is equipped with frame, forms frame frame type.The inventive method cultivation Fructus Fici plant qualitative trait is excellent, and fruit economic indicator is high, and growth index is high, strong stress resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fruit tree cultivation, is related to a kind of greenhouse Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method.
Background technology
Fructus Fici (Ficus carica Linn.) is the perennial fruit tree of Moraceae Ficus, originates in mediterranean country, is the world
On it is most ancient one of cultivate apple trees, on the ground such as Xinjiang of China, Shandong, cultivation history is long, forms hidden head because its holder expands
Inflorescence, therefore claim " Fructus Fici ".Put down rich in mankind such as several amino acids, vitamin and polysaccharide in the nutrition organs such as its fruit, stem, leaf
The important component part of weighing apparatus meals, has concurrently edible, medicinal and the value such as views and admires, and market development Utilization prospects are wide.Fructus Fici week
Year production cultivation research history is shorter, and forefathers carry out some explorations in the field such as Efficient Cultivation and nutrient research.At present, high-quality
Efficiency cultivation technology for high is widely used to Fructus Fici production, and many innovative researches are such as obtained in root-limiting cultivating and pot experiment
Achievement, the problems such as solve continuous cropping obstacle, soil improvement and quality optimization in Fructus Fici greenhouse production well, Fructus Fici yield
Height, the good and bad and adaptability of quality and production cultivation mode close relation, and the tradition such as root-limiting cultivating, pot experiment
Cultivation technique is larger to Fructus Fici anniversary Efficient Cultivation restriction, it is difficult to adapt to Fructus Fici large-scale production and cultivation needs.And
And Efficient Cultivation breeds a kind of mode with fine quality production as fruit nursery stock, in production practices by outside environmental elements affected compared with
Greatly, and Fructus Fici branch has a uninterrupted growth feature, tree-like is also one of key factor of fig fruit quality.Therefore visit
A kind of high-yield high-efficiency cultivation technology of high-quality of rope, the safety in production for improved seeds provide solid technical guarantee, become current
The big problem urgently tackled key problems in Fructus Fici industry.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the above-mentioned deficiency for prior art, there is provided a kind of greenhouse Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation side
Method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of greenhouse Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, step are as follows：
Step (1), pretreatment：Before sprouting to early March Fructus Fici bud in late Febuary, the Fructus Fici knot of robust growth is taken
Fruit Seedling, carries out root relief, beta pruning and processes, and overground part trunk retains 50～60cm, and the Fructus Fici result Seedling ABT2 after pruning is taken root
Agent is processed；1d before field planting, cultivation garden ground pour permeable, using lime water to garden ground disinfection, excavated diameter for 25～
30cm, depth are the kind plant hole of 30～35cm；Wherein, described cultivation garden ground adopts turf, decomposed cow dung, Vermiculitum, perlite
And the compound cultivation matrix that bone meal is mixed；
Step (2), field planting：In Optimization-type heliogreenhouse, the Fructus Fici result Seedling field planting that Jing steps (1) are processed is being planted
In plant hole, the depth of planting is defined so that nursery stock root neck is concordant with ground, spreads 1cm left and right thickness fine sands after irrigating root water；
Step (3), plant are processed：After field planting, as a result Seedling carries out cave storage rich water process, cyanamide successively and applies bud picking process,
1 month after field planting, respectively spray within 2 months and 3 months foliage fertilizer 1 time；Pruning is carried out to Fructus Fici plant：Retain on trunk
Two-layer major branch, per layer is stayed 2～3 major branches, the cutting back at 40～60cm on major branch, forms " doing " font tree-like；Every plant of Fructus Fici
Corresponding frame is equipped with, treats that Fructus Fici major branch separates prolongation branch, Fructus Fici plant major branch is dredged into layer shape and is transformed into happy shape, will be away from ground
Prolongation branch at 40～50cm of face is pulled open, and extends to the canopy face at the top of frame by the inclination of 40～45 ° of its tip angle, is bundled branch is extended
On canopy face, frame frame type is formed；Managed using full exposure spraying, keep 20～25 DEG C of canopy temperature on daytime, night canopy temperature 13～15
DEG C (being not less than 10 DEG C), soil moisture 75%～90%.
In step (1), described Fructus Fici result Seedling is well developed root system, eye is full, no disease and pests harm 6 years raw results
Seedling.
Described root relief is processed：Injured root system is rejected, lateral root prunes smooth, and long lateral root cuts short 15～20cm of reservation, promotees
Which grows fibrous root, and original fibrous root will retain 15～20cm.
The processing mode of the Fructus Fici result Seedling after pruning：Fructus Fici result Seedling 600～800mg/L ABT2 root-growing agents
The first libation at an ancient wedding ceremony glues 5s, then 3～4h of immersion treatment.
The concentration of described lime water is 10～30g/L.
Turf in described compound cultivation matrix：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum：Perlite=6：4：2：0～1, preferably 6：
4：2：1, the consumption of described bone meal accounts for the 6～8% of cultivation matrix cumulative volume.
In step (2), the plantation density of Fructus Fici result Seedling is l × lm.
In step (3), described cave storage rich water is processed as：3～4 caves are dug along kind plant hole circumference centered on kind of plant hole,
A diameter of 15～the 20cm in cave, depth are 20～25cm, imbed heap grass, and consumption is 2000～2500kg/667m2, spread on heap grass
Apply 0.3% urea liquid, the upper covering film of heap grass.Described heap grass is that be made up of wheat straw, sawdust and Caulis et Folium Oryzae compound covers grass；Using
The mixing of wheat straw, sawdust and Caulis et Folium Oryzae is conventional use as heap grass, and straw, Caulis et Folium Oryzae are cut into broken section of 6cm or so, Ran Houyu first typically
Sawdust is homogenously mixed together, and lays, do not consider every kind of material usage after forming heap grass.Mulch film is double-colored using 12S black and white
Mulch film.
Described cyanamide is 2.5～3% cyanamide solutions.
Described foliage fertilizer is the nutritional solution that N, P, K proportioning is followed successively by 400mg/L, 35mg/L and 65mg/L.
The two-layer major branch of Fructus Fici plant, ground floor major branch vertical dimension between 28～30cm of ground, two-layer major branch
30～35cm.2～3 prolongation branches are stayed on each major branch.
Described frame is horizontal rack, and frame includes 4 root posts, form rectangular water in column top support rail
The distance between Ping Peng faces, two groups of parallel cross bars are respectively 1.0～1.2m and 0.8～1.0m, horizontal canopy identity distance level ground
2.2m。
In the present invention, trunk is result Seedling center and does, directly from central backbone mitogenetic branch out major branch,
On prolongation branch on major branch, cultivation results branch group is used as Fructus Fici setting fruit position.
Optimization-type heliogreenhouse of the present invention, including rear wall 1, the greenhouse forward foot in a step 2, east side gable 3, west side gable 4, temperature
Between room bow member 5, rear roofing 6, buffering；Described rear wall 1 includes wall 14 and wall support structure 15 after fixation, after described fixation
Wall 14 includes inner wall 141, heat-insulation layer 142 and exterior wall 143 outward by interior；Described inner wall 141 is piled up by Rhizoma Begoniae Willsonii and is formed,
Described heat-insulation layer 142 is styrofoam, and described exterior wall 143 piled up by Rhizoma Begoniae Willsonii and formed；In described wall support structure 15
Wall 16 after dismounting is provided with inside, after described dismounting, wall 16 is piled up by straw block and formed, and can freely install and dismantle；Described dismounting
The inner side of wall 16 is coated with fly net afterwards, and after dismounting, the outer side covers of wall have plastic sheeting, can carry out rainy day waterproof, and summer prevents
Worm, winter control are wet；Described wall support structure 15 includes inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and indulges
Beam, described inner column 151 are equally spaced along rear wall length direction, the dislocation of outer column 152 be arranged in two it is adjacent interior vertical
In the middle of post, longeron is respectively provided with along rear wall length direction in described inner column 151 and 152 top of outer column, along rear wall width
Direction arranges crossbeam 154, and inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and longeron collectively constitute one box
Support structure, the structural stability can are stronger, and the load that Sunlight greenhouse frame is born directly is passed in ground；Described greenhouse arch
Frame 5 is the coating steel pipe fabricated construction being made up of top boom 7, lower boom 8, connector 9 and longitudinal tie 10, described top boom
7 and lower boom 8 be respectively articulated with and be fixed on temperature by the two ends that connector 9 is hinged to assembled bow member, top boom 7 and lower boom 8
The room forward foot in a step 2 and the top of rear wall 1, top boom 7 and lower boom 8 are connected with longitudinal tie 10 by wire clip in east-west direction, are formed
Network structure；Tie-beam 18 is provided with described greenhouse bow member 5, the two ends of every tie-beam 18 are separately fixed at by top boom
7 and the assembled bow member that is hinged to by connector 9 of lower boom 8 on, tie-beam 18 is obliquely installed, with the horizontal 10-30 degree
Angle, tie-beam 18 can make greenhouse bow member have good durability and structural stability, play a part of greenhouse globality and reinforce,
Increase the service life in greenhouse；Described greenhouse bow member 5 includes front roof 11 and adverse grade 17, at the top of described front roof 11
Top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are respectively equipped with along east-west direction with sidepiece, described top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are equal
It is furnished with fly net, the pull-type plastic sheeting of volume is equipped with top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window, drop-down volume pull-type modeling during the rainy day
Material thin film carries out waterproof for covering vent window；Except top sky air regulator and sidepiece vent window outer covering on described front roof 11
There is canopy film 12, canopy film 12 is compressed with film-pressing line, insulation quilt 13 is coated with described canopy film 12, insulation quilt 13 passes through wound membrane machine
Structure control volume is put；Roofing 6 after being provided with described adverse grade 17；The east side of the rear wall 1 of heliogreenhouse is located between described buffering,
Its length direction freely can extend, and the interior space as the storeroom of wall after dismounting and can stack farm implements, or greenhouse
White collar worker's inhabitation etc. temporarily.
Described inner wall thickness 0.24m, described insulation thickness 0.10m, described exterior wall thickness 0.12m.
Described inner column 151 is arranged at one per 4m along rear wall length interval.
Described rear wall 1 after wall damp-proof layer 22, ram bed course 23 be connected with ground, described rear wall damp-proof layer 22 include from
Waterproof mortar course and linoleum that top to bottm is arranged；Waterproof mortar thickness 20mm of described rear wall damp-proof layer 22, linoleum thickness 2mm.
Afterwards wall damp-proof layer 22 can not only waterproof, after making dismounting, the straw block of wall 16 does not make moist, also help compacting ram bed course column base
Plinth, increases infrastructure stability.Forward foot in a step heat-insulation layer 24 is provided with the outside of the described greenhouse forward foot in a step 2.Described forward foot in a step insulation
Layer is 50mm thickness styrofoams.
Forward foot in a step built-in fitting 20 is provided with the described greenhouse forward foot in a step 2, wall is pre- after being provided with the crossbeam 154 of described rear wall 1
Embedded part 21, forward foot in a step built-in fitting 20 and rear wall built-in fitting 21 are hinged with greenhouse bow member respectively.
Described canopy film 12 is aging-resistant polyethylene or polrvinyl chloride longevity fogging-resistance film.Described insulation quilt 13 is nitrile
Synthetic fibre cotton and cold-proof felt composite thermal-insualting quilt, described acrylic staple fibre and cold-proof felt complex heat-preservation are included 2 layers of acrylic staple fibre insulation quilt and 2 layers
The alternately laying suture of cold-proof felt, acrylic staple fibre insulation quilt and cold-proof felt.Make full use of its heat preservation property, as greenhouse outer covering its
Preferably, after covering, greenhouse temperature is significantly higher than the greenhouse temperature after common cotton is capped, 15cm ground temperature in greenhouse to insulating power
It is significantly higher than the capped greenhouse of common cotton；And composite thermal-insualting quilt long service life, permeability are good.
Process of dripping is done on described 1 body of wall top of rear wall, overboard Hou Qiang is drenched to reduce the rainy day.
The width of described top portion ventilation window is 80～100cm, and the width of described sidepiece vent window is 80～100cm.
Described rear roofing 6 include from the interior thick single-faced color steel plate for setting gradually outward, expansion polyphenyl plate, 1：0.2：3.5
Cement, flyash haydites of book structure screed-coat, SBS modified bituminous pitch coiled material waterproof layers, 1：3 cement mortar protective courses and the reinforcing of GMC backhouses
Panel.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
Inventor analyzes the factor pair such as cultivation matrix, breaking dormancy and cultivation mode Fructus Fici under different greenhouses and plants
The impact of strain growth promoter, economic indicator and working performance, establishes the greenhouse Fructus Fici efficiency cultivation technology for high body of a set of high-quality
System.Using the inventive method, the preferably specific compound cultivation matrix in Optimization-type daily use chemicals greenhouse, Fructus Fici plant cave storage fertilizer
" doing " font is tree-like and frame frame type is processed to adopt cyanamide painting bud picking measure to be aided with after water measure, and Fructus Fici growth promoter is good,
Fructus Fici morphological characters is good, fruit economic indicator high, and growth index is high；To carry out Fructus Fici varietal adaptation and selection-breeding, life
Morphotype is intended providing material base with domesticating and cultivating, fruit year-round supply and green production research.It is embodied in：
1st, Optimization-type sunlight greenhouse structure is simple, more stable and stronger, builds and easy accessibility, high recycling rate, invests into
This is low, is conducive to Demonstration And Extension.Greenhouse heat storing and heat preserving effect is projected, and winter reduces heat and scatters and disappears, and other season ventilation effects are equal
It is even, the features such as be also equipped with insect prevention, waterproof, good looking appearance and big working place.
2nd, the present invention is drawn in turf on the basis of suitable greenhouse is selected：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum：Perlite=
6：4：2：1 matrix treatments Fructus Fici plant forms and physiological and biochemical index are excellent, and fruit economic indicator is good, and the cultivation medium formula is total
Porosity 65%, unit weight 0.37g/cm3, EC0.43mS/cm, water holding hole 39.64%, various physical and chemical indexs are superior to other and match somebody with somebody
Side, while ventilation, water conservation is improved, solves substrate insulation students with poor academic records and produces practical problem.
3rd, the present invention is aided with tree-like and the process of frame frame type the Fructus Fici of " doing " font using cyanamide painting bud picking measure and plants
Strain morphological characters is developed, and has facilitation to the development of plant Physiology and biochemistry, and growth index is high, is that Fructus Fici production is cultivated most
Good environment, can strengthen plant resistance, obtain stable high yield, be remarkably improved economic benefit.
4th, the present invention can be freely adjusted and be controlled the environment required for Fructus Fici growth promoter using protection fruit tree facility
Condition, effectively changes environmental condition, reduces the harm of plant late frost, shortens fruit tree natural dormancy period, while preventing disease pest
Evil, reduces wormed fruit rate, and Pollution protection can obtain the nuisanceless Fructus Fici fruit of fresh green.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse plane graph that the present invention is adopted.
Fig. 2 is the south elevation figure of the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse that the present invention is adopted.
Fig. 3 is the east elevation figure of the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse that the present invention is adopted.
Fig. 4 is the western elevation of the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse that the present invention is adopted.
Fig. 5 is the A-A profiles of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the rear wall construction schematic diagram of the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse that the present invention is adopted.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the greenhouse forward foot in a step of the Optimization-type heliogreenhouse that the present invention is adopted.
In figure, wall after 1-, the forward foot in a step of 2- greenhouses, 3- east sides gable, 4- west sides gable, 5- greenhouses bow member, roofing after 6-, on 7-
Chord member, 8- lower booms, 9- connectors, 10- longitudinal ties, 11- front roofs, 12- canopy films, 13- insulation quilts, wall after 14- fixations, 15-
Wall support structure, wall after 16- dismounting, 17- adverse grades, 18- tie-beams, 19- forward foot in a step heat-insulation layers, 20- forward foot in a step built-in fittings, after 21-
Wall built-in fitting, wall damp-proof layer after 22-, 23- ram bed course, 24- forward foot in a step heat-insulation layers, 141- inner walls, 142- heat-insulation layers, 143- exterior walls
Body, 151- inner columns, 152- outer columns, 153- lacing wires, 154- crossbeams.
Structural representations of the Fig. 8 for frame.
In figure, 25- columns, 26- cross bars.
Specific embodiment
1 experimental field overview
This test is carried out in Xiuqian City facilities horticulture academy scientific base Fructus Fici Efficient Cultivation Demonstration Garden, and Growing season is white
20～25 DEG C of ceiling temperature, 13～15 DEG C of night canopy temperature, humidity 75%～90%, sunshine are sufficient, and category warm temperate zone semi-moist is continental
Monsoon climate, in test material, the content of organic matter is high, meta-acid, suitable greenhouse Fructus Fici production cultivation.
2 test materials
Fill from the excellent kind Fructus Fici robust growths such as the unit introduction and acclimatization such as Agricultural University Of Nanjing ' Blanc Rake ', tissue
Real high quality seedling, in Xiuqian City facilities horticulture academy scientific base cultivating and growing, Jing is observed for many years, and the kind has adaptability
By force, fruit habit is excellent, the advantages of yield is high and good in economic efficiency, so that ' the raw result Seedling in Blanc Rake ' 6 year is as test material.
3 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Using random blocking EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN completely, carry out Fructus Fici Efficient Cultivation in the facilities such as Optimization-type heliogreenhouse
Contrast test, selects the suitable greenhouse of optimization.Cyanamide is carried out after the storage rich water measure of plant cave and applies bud picking, be aided with " doing " font
Tree-like and frame frame type technology, is combined from different cultivation matrixes, screens optimal seedling medium.On this basis, using single cyanogen
Amine applies the preferably Fructus Fici dormancy breaking measures such as bud picking, water stress, the removal of perula piece；Using sector, " high, wide, vertical " shape,
" doing " font etc. carries out the tree-like contrast test of Fructus Fici；Carry out Fructus Fici frame type contrast test using pylon, hedge frame, frame etc.,
The different dormancy breaking measures of analysis, the impact that tree-like and frame type is to vine growth and development.Divide different tests area, with single file per kind
50 plants is cell, 3 repetitions, and to be adapted to Suqian main breed, ' the raw result Seedling in Blanc Rake ' 6 year is to try material.
Nursery stock manages：Before test period was sprouted to early March Fructus Fici bud for late Febuary, select well developed root system, eye and satisfy
Full, 6 years raw strong sprouts of no disease and pests harm, carry out root relief, beta pruning and process before field planting, root relief process is specially：Reject injured root system, side
Root pruning smooths the length of 15～20cm of reservation and promotees which and grows fibrous root, and original fibrous root will retain 15～20cm；After beta pruning process
Top trunk stays 50～60cm, is the equal of that only trunk does not have major branch；Result Seedling 650mg/LABT2 root-growing agents after pruning
The libation at an ancient wedding ceremony glues 5S, immersion treatment 4h.Pour permeable to 1d cultivations garden before field planting, using 22g/L lime water soaking disinfection to entering with cultivating garden
Row sterilization, digs cave successively, plants the bore of plant hole, depth and is respectively 30cm, 35cm, is colonized by l × lm, and substrate makes root system when backfilling
Unfold, the depth of planting is concordantly advisable with ground with nursery stock root neck, after irrigating root water, spread 1cm left and right thickness fine sands.After field planting, knot
Fruit Seedling carries out cave storage rich water process, 3% cyanamide solution successively and applies bud picking and process, and is managed using full exposure spraying, holding optimization
In type heliogreenhouse daytime 20～25 DEG C of canopy temperature, 13～15 DEG C of night canopy temperature, soil moisture 75%～90%；1 month after field planting,
2 months and 3 months, foliage fertilizer 3 times is sprayed, ratio of nutrient solution is followed successively by 400mg/L, 35mg/L and 65mg/L for N, P, K.
Index determining：There is number, leaf area, ground diameter Morphologic Characters, solubility in October observation Fructus Fici plant young sprout
Sugar, Pro (proline), MDA (malonaldehyde) physiological and biochemical index, total sugar, strain product, soluble solid, total acid fruit economy refer to
Mark, evaluates plant strain growth index Q=(young sprout generation number+leaf area+ground diameter+soluble sugar+Pro+MDA+ total sugar+strain product+solvable
Property solid content+total acid) × 10%, using SPSS18.0 statistical softwares analyze related data.
Fructus Fici is tree-like：Sector, " high, wide, vertical " shape, " doing " font
It is fan-shaped：Cold injury branch on Fructus Fici plant is cut off during early spring, is reduced 2～3 sprouts on each trunk, is retained one
Bud, promotes to sprout result plumule.Summer repaiies new branch top, stays 5～6 blade pinching, and it is in intersect to cut off and normally retain branch
Branch, retains 3～5 major branches, does not stay side shoot, major branch group on raw major branch.During pruning, with reference to plant light transmission and growth
Need, its branch overall structure is trimmed to into " fan shape ".Just fruiting period focuses on many culture branch groups, and the best fruiting period updates big-and-middle-sized branch group
Cut the weak branch group of contracting.
" high, wide, vertical " shape：1st year Fructus Fici plant heading height 80cm, more than 40cm cultivate strong major branch.2nd year spring
Season, 2 healthy and vigorous young sprouts of selecting and remain lead young sprout vertical growth when young sprout length is to 50cm, when young sprout length is to 1.0m, high away from ground 1.0m
1 road iron wire, the horizontal bondage of two young sprouts is drawn to form both arms thereon in place.3rd year spring tied up a cross bar at 50cm on the 1st road iron wire, horizontal
Bar two ends are horizontal to pull on 2 road 50cm spacing iron wires, ties up on horizontal iron wire, the sagging shape in level when young sprout length is to 50cm
State.
" doing " font：This is tree-like similar with " happy shape ", the 1st year Fructus Fici plant 50～60cm of heading height, on trunk
Shoot growth amount, a branch number are suitable, in a little strong major branch of more than 30cm easily cultures, beneficial to the compact tree crown of the low trunk of composition.It is main
Dry upper to retain two-layer major branch, per layer is stayed 2～3 major branches, and next year locates cutting back in 40～60cm on major branch, ground floor major branch distance
28～30cm of face, two 30～35cm of vertical dimension between major branch layer by layer, stay 2～3 prolongation branches, on each major branch on branch is extended
Cultivation results branch group, you can form " doing " font tree-like.
Fructus Fici frame type：Pylon, hedge frame, frame
Frame：The type is mainly used in the production cultivation of greenhouse Fructus Fici, because its daylighting and permeability it is good, beneficial to without flower
Fruit stable high yield.Every plant of Fructus Fici is equipped with corresponding frame, and frame adopts horizontal rack, including 4 root posts 25, on 25 top of column
Support rail 26 forms rectangular horizontal canopy face, and the distance between the one group of parallel cross bar along line-spacing direction is 1.0～1.2m,
The distance between another group of parallel cross bar is 0.8～1.0m, and horizontal canopy identity distance level ground 2.2m, plant to be planted major branch separate prolongation
Branch, major branch are dredged layer shape and are transformed into happy shape, and away from extension elongation branch at 40～50cm of ground, by its tip angle, 40～45 ° incline extension
Canopy face to frame, is bundled on canopy face branch is extended, forms frame frame type.
Pylon：Erect and the high 2-2.5m cement pillar of bondage 1 in every plant of Ficus carica L. base portion, Fructus Fici plant trunk is high
Spend for 0.6～0.8m, extend branch on trunk and extend fruitful branch not bondage on branch so as to naturally droop, plant when trunk is sustainable
Cement pillar is removed during strain own wt, the posture is applied to the strong kind of fruitful branch base portion eye Fruiting Ability, general Bian heads
Training.
Hedge frame：This test hedge frame is gone to density at a certain distance along the field planting of Fructus Fici plant by taking single wall hedge frame as an example
Set up pillar, frame face is perpendicular to the ground, the high 1.5～2.5m of frame, frame face pull up 3～4 road iron wires, according to Fructus Fici breediness,
Training form adjusts hedge frame specification, and the posture is suitable to dense planting, and ventilation and penetrating light is good.
Impact of the 3.1 different greenhouses to production cultivation effect
With Fructus Fici plant as test material, respectively ordinary construction heliogreenhouse, Optimization-type heliogreenhouse, lew,
Carry out cultivation and production contrast test in the facility such as vinyl house and glasshouse, be shown in Table 1.Result Seedling is given birth to ' in Blanc Rake ' 6 year
Examination material, resident time are on 2 15th, 2013, and cultivation matrix is the mixing of turf, decomposed cow dung, Vermiculitum, perlite and bone meal
Form, wherein turf：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum：Perlite：Garden mould=6：4：2：1 (V/V), the consumption of bone meal account for compound cultivation
The 6% of substrate cumulative volume, each trial zone take 30 seedlings, on October 10th, 2013, observation plant forms shape, economic product
Amount, fruit quality situation.
1 different cultivation greenhouses of table
Optimization-type heliogreenhouse as shown in Figures 1 to 7, including rear wall 1, the greenhouse forward foot in a step 2, east side gable 3, west side gable 4,
Between greenhouse bow member 5, rear roofing 6, buffering；Described rear wall 1 includes wall 14 and wall support structure 15 after fixation, described fixation
Wall 14 includes inner wall 141, heat-insulation layer 142 and exterior wall 143 outward by interior afterwards；Described inner wall 141 piled up by Rhizoma Begoniae Willsonii and
It is styrofoam into, described heat-insulation layer 142, described exterior wall 143 is piled up by Rhizoma Begoniae Willsonii and formed；In described wall support structure
Wall 16 after dismounting is provided with 15, wall 16 is piled up by straw block and formed after described dismounting, can freely install and dismantle；Described tears open
After dress, the inner side of wall 16 is coated with fly net, and after dismounting, the outer side covers of wall have plastic sheeting, can carry out rainy day waterproof, and summer prevents
Worm, winter control are wet；Described wall support structure 15 includes inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and indulges
Beam, described inner column 151 are equally spaced along rear wall length direction, the dislocation of outer column 152 be arranged in two it is adjacent interior vertical
In the middle of post, longeron is respectively provided with along rear wall length direction in described inner column 151 and 152 top of outer column, along rear wall width
Direction arranges crossbeam 154, and inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and longeron collectively constitute one box
Support structure, the structural stability can are stronger, and the load that Sunlight greenhouse frame is born directly is passed in ground；Described greenhouse arch
Frame 5 is the coating steel pipe fabricated construction being made up of top boom 7, lower boom 8, connector 9 and longitudinal tie 10, described top boom
7 and lower boom 8 be respectively articulated with and be fixed on temperature by the two ends that connector 9 is hinged to assembled bow member, top boom 7 and lower boom 8
The room forward foot in a step 2 and the top of rear wall 1, top boom 7 and lower boom 8 are connected with longitudinal tie 10 by wire clip in east-west direction, are formed
Network structure；Tie-beam 18 is provided with described greenhouse bow member 5, the two ends of every tie-beam 18 are separately fixed at by top boom
7 and the assembled bow member that is hinged to by connector 9 of lower boom 8 on, tie-beam 18 is obliquely installed, with the horizontal 10-30 degree
Angle (the present embodiment is 30 degree), tie-beam 18 can make greenhouse bow member have good durability and structural stability, play greenhouse
The effect that globality is reinforced, increases the service life in greenhouse；Described greenhouse bow member 5 includes front roof 11 and adverse grade 17, in institute
The top of the front roof 11 stated and sidepiece are respectively equipped with top portion ventilation window (not marking in figure) and sidepiece vent window along east-west direction
(not marking in figure), described top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are provided with fly net, divulge information in top portion ventilation window and sidepiece
The pull-type plastic sheeting of volume is equipped with window, the pull-type plastic sheeting of drop-down volume is used to covering vent window during the rainy day carries out waterproof；Institute
Canopy film 12 is stamped except top sky air regulator and sidepiece vent window are cladded with the front roof 11 stated, canopy film 12 is compressed with film-pressing line, in institute
Insulation quilt 13 is coated with the canopy film 12 stated, insulation quilt 13 controls volume by Film rolling mechanism and puts；It is provided with described adverse grade 17
Roofing 6 afterwards；Positioned at the east side of the rear wall 1 of heliogreenhouse between described buffering, its length direction freely can extend, the interior space
As the storeroom of wall after dismounting and farm implements can be stacked, or greenhouse management workman inhabitation etc..
Described rear wall 1 after wall damp-proof layer 22, ram bed course 23 be connected with ground, described rear wall damp-proof layer 22 include from
Waterproof mortar course and linoleum that top to bottm is arranged；Afterwards wall damp-proof layer 22 can not only waterproof, make the straw block of wall 16 after dismounting not
Make moist, also help compacting and ram bed course upright post basic, increase infrastructure stability.Set in the outside of the described greenhouse forward foot in a step 2
There is forward foot in a step heat-insulation layer 24.
Forward foot in a step built-in fitting 20 is provided with the described greenhouse forward foot in a step 2, wall is pre- after being provided with the crossbeam 154 of described rear wall 1
Embedded part 21, forward foot in a step built-in fitting 20 and rear wall built-in fitting 21 are hinged with greenhouse bow member respectively.
Described canopy film 12 is aging-resistant polyethylene or polrvinyl chloride longevity fogging-resistance film.Described insulation quilt 13 is nitrile
Synthetic fibre cotton and cold-proof felt composite thermal-insualting quilt, described acrylic staple fibre and cold-proof felt complex heat-preservation are included 2 layers of acrylic staple fibre insulation quilt and 2 layers
The alternately laying suture of cold-proof felt, acrylic staple fibre insulation quilt and cold-proof felt.Make full use of its heat preservation property, as greenhouse outer covering its
Preferably, after covering, greenhouse temperature is significantly higher than the greenhouse temperature after common cotton is capped, 15cm ground temperature in greenhouse to insulating power
It is significantly higher than the capped greenhouse of common cotton；And composite thermal-insualting quilt long service life, permeability are good.
Process of dripping is done on described 1 body of wall top of rear wall, overboard Hou Qiang is drenched to reduce the rainy day.Described Optimization-type day
16 not load-bearing of wall after the dismounting in light greenhouse, but it is common by inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and longeron
One box supporting construction of composition, the structural stability can is stronger, and the load that Sunlight greenhouse frame is born directly pass in
Ground.
In a particular embodiment, Optimization-type heliogreenhouse net span 9.4m, greenhouse length (east-west direction) 50m, greenhouse ridge
High 3.9m, 1 high 2.66m of rear wall of greenhouse.Wherein, wall 14 high 1.3m, buried depth 0.8m, thick 0.48m after fixing, are included outward by interior
Thick inner wall 141, the 0.10m thickness styrofoams piled up by Rhizoma Begoniae Willsonii of 0.24m are as heat-insulation layer 142 and 0.12m thickness by Rhizoma Begoniae Willsonii heap
The exterior wall 143 built, body of wall is inside and outside to adopt each 1cm of cement mortar troweling；16 high 1.36m of wall after dismounting.Front roof angle
25 °, the elevation angle is with reference to depending on China's North Jiangsu Area actual sunshine characteristic.
The high 3.3m of top portion ventilation window on described front roof bow member 7, its trend are parallel with the length in greenhouse, and width is
100cm；Positioned at the high 1.6m of sidepiece vent window in 7 southern side of front roof bow member, its trend is horizontally-parallel (between east and west with greenhouse
To), width is 80cm.
Wall support structure 3 is made up of zinc-plated component, inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and longeron
Size be respectively 70 × 50 × 3.0mm zinc-plated square steels, 50 × 50 × 2.0mm zinc-plated square steels, the zinc-plated angles of 40 × 40 × 2.0mm
Steel, 50 × 50 × 2.0mm zinc-plated square steels and 50 × 50 × 2.0mm zinc-plated square steels, described inner column 151 are spaced along rear wall length
Per 4m at arrangement one.
Described greenhouse bow member 5 is coating steel pipe, wherein top boom 7,8 size of top boom be respectively 32 × 2.5mm of Φ,
Φ25×2.0mm。
5cm thickness single-faced color steel plates that described rear roofing 6 includes being set gradually from interior outward, 10cm thickness expansion polyphenyl plates,
2cm thickness 1：0.2：3.5 cement, flyash haydites of book structure screed-coat, 2cm thickness SBS modified bituminous pitch coiled material waterproof layers, 2cm thickness 1：3 water
Cement mortar protective layer and 10cm thickness GMC backhouse stiffened panels.
Waterproof mortar thickness 20mm of described rear wall damp-proof layer 22, linoleum thickness 2mm.Described forward foot in a step heat-insulation layer is 50mm
Thick styrofoam.
The rear wall of plain edition heliogreenhouse of the present invention, vent window, tie-beam, insulation are set and Optimization-type daylight
Greenhouse is different, and other structures are identical.The high 2.8m of rear wall, the thick 0.6mm of plain edition heliogreenhouse, by building-block filling heat transfer system
Number, specific heat capacity and the less perlite of density are constituted, and on rear wall are provided with vent window every 3m, vent window terrain clearance 1.4m,
Vent window size is 30 × 40cm, double-deck inside and outside body of wall；Tie-beam is not provided with, insulation quilt is using careless felt.
Simple lew of the present invention, vinyl house, the conventional plants type of sunlight board greenhouse Jun Shi this areas.
Impact of the 3.2 different cultivation matrixes to production cultivation effect
Bud picking measure is applied with cyanamide and is aided with that " do " font is tree-like with frame frame type technology, cultivation matrix portfolio ratio is shown in Table
2, each cultivation matrix adds the bone meal for accounting for substrate cumulative volume 6% in processing.Each trial zone takes 30 plants of Fructus Fici nursery stocks, and 2013
2 months years are in local cultivation and production, in October, 2014 observation vine growth and development situation.
2 different cultivation matrixes portfolio ratio (V/V) of table
T1 cultivation matrixes total porosity 68.2%, unit weight 0.28g/cm3, EC1.16mS/cm, water holding hole 49.43%.
T2 cultivation matrixes total porosity 69%, unit weight 0.19g/cm3, EC1.29mS/cm, water holding hole 51.36%.
T3 cultivation matrixes total porosity 67%, unit weight 0.32g/cm3, EC0.76mS/cm, water holding hole 42.56%.
T4 cultivation matrixes total porosity 65.9%, unit weight 0.35g/cm3, EC0.65mS/cm, water holding hole 40.23%.
T5 cultivation matrixes total porosity 65%, unit weight 0.37g/cm3, EC0.43mS/cm, water holding hole 39.64%.
Note：Bone meal refer to raise bone as raw material made by powder product, calcic 23%, phosphorus 10% are conventional commercial products；
Garden mould is original soil in the ground of garden；Decomposed cow dung is that those skilled in the art are obtained according to conventional method of becoming thoroughly decomposed, such as can be by
It is obtained according to following methods：Common cow dung compost decomposing agent 2000kg cattle manures commercially available with 50kg is mixed homogeneously, summer fermentation 8-
10d, season in spring and autumn fermentation 12-15d, treats fermentation material humidity 60% or so.
Impact of the 3.3 different plants process to production cultivation effect
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN is shown in Table 3,4, and cultivation matrix is mixed for turf, decomposed cow dung, Vermiculitum, perlite and bone meal,
Wherein turf：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum：Perlite：Garden mould=6：4：2：1 (V/V), it is total that the consumption of bone meal accounts for compound cultivation matrix
The 6% of volume；Dormancy breaking measure is that cyanamide applies bud picking, water stress, the removal of perula piece；It is tree-like for it is fan-shaped, " it is high, wide,
Hang down " shape, " doing " font；Frame type is pylon, hedge frame, frame.Each trial zone takes 90 plants of Fructus Fici nursery stocks, in view of tree-like culture week
Phase, started in 2 months 2013 in local cultivation and production, in October, 2015 observation vine growth and development situation.
3 orthogonal test factor level of table
4 Orthogonal Experiment and Design of table
4 results and analysis
4.1 different impacts of the greenhouse to Fructus Fici growth promoter situation
6 different impacts (mean ± SE) of the greenhouse to vine growth and development of table
Note：Represented per the different letter of string respectively
0.01.Similarly hereinafter.
As can be seen from Table 6, the different greenhouse Fructus Fici plant forms index error opposite sex are larger, and wherein B greenhouses young sprout occurs
Number is most, and A takes second place in greenhouse, is all remarkably higher than other greenhouses, but electrodeless significant difference therebetween；Different greenhouse plant
Blade face accumulates in significant difference, and the leaf area highest in B greenhouses has reached 35.74cm2, D greenhouses leaf area is minimum, only
25.05cm2；Ground diameter index variation tendency is essentially identical with leaf area, and B greenhouses are maximum, and up to 2.67cm, D greenhouses are minimum, only
1.74cm.In terms of physiological and biochemical index, B greenhouses Fructus Fici MDA indexs are significantly better than other process, and A takes second place in greenhouse, and C greenhouses are most
Difference；B greenhouses Fructus Fici Pro contents are significantly higher than other greenhouses, and between A, E greenhouse, there was no significant difference, and C greenhouses are worst, only
34.33μg/(g·FW)；In terms of soluble sugar, B greenhouses highest is taken second place up to 1.46%, A greenhouses, is 1.31%.Additionally, different
There is some difference for greenhouse Fructus Fici economic indicator, wherein, E greenhouses soluble solid content highest, B are taken second place in greenhouse,
Other process, but electrodeless significant difference therebetween are significantly higher than, C greenhouses are worst；In terms of total acid, A greenhouses highest reaches
0.46%, C greenhouse is minimum, and only 0.27%；Total sugar content and single plant yield variation tendency are substantially similar, are B greenhouses highest,
Respectively 21.51% and 15.81kg.On this basis, B greenhouses Fructus Fici growth index highest, it is minimum up to 15.92, C greenhouses,
Only 10.96.Test is also shown that the effect of Optimization-type heliogreenhouse heat storing and heat preserving is projected, and winter reduces heat and scatters and disappears, other seasons
Ventilation effect is uniform, and the features such as possess insect prevention, waterproof, good looking appearance and big working place.Therefore, in Optimization-type heliogreenhouse
Interior development Fructus Fici production cultivation morphological index is good, fruit economic indicator and Physiology and biochemistry are excellent, and growth index is high, is optimal greenhouse
Type, should give large-scale demonstration popularization.
4.2 different impacts of the cultivation matrix to Fructus Fici growth promoter
The Fructus Fici vine growth and development situation of 7 different cultivation matrixes of table
Shown by table 7, different composite type cultivation matrix processes Fructus Fici plant forms index situation significant difference, wherein T5
(turf：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum：Perlite=6：4：2：1) there is number and be significantly higher than other process, T1 (garden mould) and T3 in young sprout
(turf：Decomposed cow dung：Garden mould=1：3：3) there is no statistical analysis meaning, T2 (turfs between：Perlite：Garden mould=1：2：
3) it is minimum.During leaf area average is significantly checked, T5 is significantly greater than other process, T4 (turfs：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum=3：2：
1) take second place, followed by T3 ﹥ T1 ﹥ T2, but there is no pole significant difference (P ＞ 0.01) between T3 and T4 is processed.Ground diameter between each process
There is pole significant difference, T5 highests are noticeably greater than other process, and T3 takes second place, and T2 is minimum.Show to select turf：Decomposed cow dung：Trematodiasiss
Stone：Perlite=6：4：2：1 used as the optimum growh environment that cultivation matrix is the development of Fructus Fici morphological characters.
In terms of physio-biochemical characteristics, in addition to MDA contents, T5 processes plant physiological and biochemical index highest, is significantly higher than other
Process, specially：T4MDA indexs are optimum, and T5 takes second place, and T1 is relatively poor with T2, but electrodeless significant difference (P ＞ between the two
0.01), show turf：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum：Perlite=6：4：2：1 and turf：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum=3：2：1 processes right
The development of Fructus Fici plant Physiology and biochemistry has facilitation, can be used as Fructus Fici production cultivation.Plant Pro content differences between different disposal
Different in nature significantly T5 is maximum, is noticeably greater than other process, next to that T3, followed by T4 ﹥ T1 ﹥ T2.T5 plant soluble sugar content shows
Write higher than other process, T1 is of a relatively high with T3, but therebetween without statistical analysis meaning
Different disposal Fructus Fici economic indicator diversity is larger, and in addition to soluble solid content, T5 processes fruit economy
Index highest, is significantly higher than other process, is embodied in：T4 fruit soluble solids content highests, T5 are taken second place, but the two
Between without statistical analysis meaning (p ＞ 0.05).T5 total acid contents are significantly higher than other process, minimum up to 0.61%, T1, only
0.31%.Different disposal is essentially identical to Fructus Fici total sugar variation tendency and single plant yield, the equal highests of T5, respectively reaches
22.38%th, 18.33kg, T2 are minimum, and respectively 14.54%, 13.64kg.It is indicated above turf：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum：It is precious
Zhu Yan=6：4：2：1 and turf：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum=3：2：1 process has promotion to make the development of Fructus Fici plant Physiology and biochemistry
With
To sum up show, T5 plant forms and physiological and biochemical index are excellent, fruit economic indicator is preferable, growth index highest,
Show the suitable Fructus Fici growth promoter of the cultivation matrix.
Impact of the 4.3 different plants process to Fructus Fici vine growth and development
Impact of the table 8-1 D1-D5 different plants process to Fructus Fici vine growth and development situation
| Group | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 |
| Young sprout generation number/ | 15.33±1.53Cd | 9.33±1.15DEf | 21.67±1.53Aa | 17.67±1.53Bc | 19.33±1.53Bb |
| Leaf area/(cm2) | 45.53±0.65Cc | 37.56±1.32Ef | 50.39±0.87Aa | 48.04±0.87Bb | 49.28±0.75AaB |
| Ground diameter/(cm) | 3.66±0.11Bc | 2.82±0.16Ef | 4.04±0.06Aa | 3.56±0.06BCcd | 3.89±0.02Ab |
| MDA/[μmol/(g·FW)] | 0.1±0.002De | 0.15±0.006Bc | 0.07±0.01EFg | 0.08±0.01DEfg | 0.05±0.004Fh |
| Pro/[μg/(g·FW)] | 54.2±1.06Cd | 43±1.81Fg | 63.2±1.5Aa | 58.16±1.5Bc | 60.22±0.61Bb |
| Soluble sugar/% | 1.77±0.09Cc | 1.24±0.06Fg | 2.08±0.06ABb | 1.94±0.06Bc | 2.23±0.1Aa |
| Soluble solid content/% | 29.72±0.5Bc | 24.95±0.73De | 32.7±0.25Aa | 28.73±0.25Bc | 31.41±0.11Ab |
| Total acid/% | 0.54±0.03Ee | 0.39±0.02Gg | 0.78±0.02Aa | 0.59±0.02Dd | 0.73±0.02Bb |
| Total sugar/% | 18.12±0.5CDd | 13.02±0.04Fg | 20.59±1.1Bb | 23.21±1.1Aa | 19.29±0.56BCc |
| Single plant yield/kg | 14.04±0.6De | 12.11±0.92Ef | 21.19±1.11Aa | 16.66±1.11Cd | 18.24±0.36BCc |
| Growth index | 18.3±0.46Dd | 14.46±0.44Gg | 21.67±0.57Aa | 19.86±0.57Cc | 20.47±0.26Bb |
Impact of the table 8-2 D6-D9 different plants process to Fructus Fici vine growth and development situation
| Group | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 |
| Young sprout generation number/ | 5.33±0.58Fh | 11.33±0.58De | 7.67±0.58Eg | 14±1Cd |
| Leaf area/(cm2) | 31.51±0.96Gh | 39.73±0.62De | 34.53±1.2Fg | 44.2±1.06Cd |
| Ground diameter/(cm) | 2.06±0.09Gh | 3.41±0.04CDde | 2.36±0.15Fg | 3.3±0.13De |
| MDA/[μmol/(g·FW)] | 0.18±0.01Aa | 0.12±0.02Cd | 0.17±0.006Ab | 0.08±0.003DEef |
| Pro/[μg/(g·FW)] | 36.88±1.11Gh | 46.36±1.28Ef | 38.5±1.24Gh | 49.6±0.84De |
| Soluble sugar/% | 0.96±0.06Gi | 1.43±0.04Ef | 1.09±0.05Gh | 1.58±0.05De |
| Soluble solid content/% | 19.17±0.61Fg | 23.94±0.74DEef | 23.11±1.05Ef | 26.54±0.29Cd |
| Total acid/% | 0.33±0.02Hh | 0.47±0.02Ff | 0.29±0.02Hi | 0.66±0.02Cc |
| Total sugar/% | 9.11±0.53Hi | 15.27±0.87Ef | 10.62±0.66Gh | 17.06±0.58De |
| Single plant yield/kg | 19.58±0.8ABb | 11.83±0.36Ef | 13.5±0.48DEe | 12.92±0.33DEef |
| Growth index | 12.51±0.09Ii | 15.39±0.4Ff | 13.18±0.2Hh | 16.99±0.32Ee |
From table 8-1 and table 8-2, applying bud picking measure with cyanamide, to be aided with " do " font tree-like with frame Jia Xing technical offices
Under reason, there is number, leaf area and ground diameter highest in plant young sprout, is significantly higher than other process, is embodied in：D3 is (with cyanamide
Apply bud picking measure and be aided with that " do " font is tree-like and frame frame type technology) Fructus Fici plant young sprout that number averagely occurs is most, reach
21.67, be significantly higher than other process, D5 (with water stress measure with " high, wide, vertical " shape is tree-like and hedge frame frame type technology) it is secondary
It, electrodeless significant difference (P ＞ between the process and D4 (being aided with fan-shaped tree-like and pylon frame type technology with water stress measure)
0.01), D6 (being aided with that " doing " font is tree-like and frame frame type technology with water stress measure) is minimum, only 5.33.D3 plant
Leaf area is maximum, up to 50.39cm2, D5 takes second place, but with the former without statistical analysis meaning, D6 is minimum, only 31.51cm2.D3 without
Flowers and fruits plant ground diameter highest, up to 4.04cm, is significantly higher than other process, and D1 (is aided with cyanamide painting bud picking measure fan-shaped tree-like
With pylon frame type technology) take second place, it is 3.66cm, is significantly higher than other process, D6 is minimum, is 2.06cm.
In different disposal is to Fructus Fici Physiology and biochemistry and fruit economic indicator influence research, table 8 shows, except MDA, solvable
Property sugar and total sugar index outside, bud picking measure is applied with cyanamide and is aided with that " do " font is tree-like and frame frame type processes items fruit economy
Index is optimum.It is embodied in：In terms of MDA contents, D5 is optimum, and D3 takes second place.D3 plant Pro is maximum, up to 63.2 μ g/ (gFW),
D5 takes second place, and is 60.22 μ g/ (gFW), and D6 is minimum, only 36.88 μ g/ (gFW).In terms of soluble sugar content, D5 highests,
Take second place up to 2.23%, D3, be 2.08%, but there is no pole significant difference between the two, be all remarkably higher than other process.Without flower
Fruit plant soluble solid content variation tendency is essentially identical with Pro, and D3 highests, D6 are minimum.In terms of total acid index, D3 is most
Height, is significantly higher than other process up to 0.78%, and D8 is minimum, and only 0.29%.D4 total sugar content highests, up to 23.21%, D3 time
It, is 20.59%.In terms of single plant yield, D3 highests, up to 21.19kg, are significantly higher than other process；Secondly it is D6, is
19.58kg, there is no pole significant difference (P ＞ 0.01) with D5 in the process.
On this basis, it is known that D3 Fructus Fici plant strain growths index is optimum, D6 is worst, the suitable bar of Fructus Fici growth promoter
Part is that cyanamide applies bud picking measure to be aided with " do " font tree-like with frame frame type technology.
Embodiment 1
A kind of greenhouse Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, step are as follows：
Step (1), pretreatment：Before on 2 15th, 2013 Fructus Fici buds are sprouted, the Fructus Fici result of robust growth is taken
Seedling, carries out root relief, beta pruning and processes, and overground part trunk retains 50～60cm, and the Fructus Fici result Seedling after pruning first uses 650mg/L
The ABT2 root-growing agents libation at an ancient wedding ceremony glues 5s, then immersion treatment 4h；1d before field planting, is poured permeable to cultivation garden, garden is entered using 22g/L lime water
Row is disinfected, the kind plant hole that excavated diameter is 30cm, depth is 35cm；Wherein, described cultivation garden ground using turf, become thoroughly decomposed
The cultivation matrix that cattle manure, Vermiculitum, perlite and bone meal are mixed, turf：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum：Perlite volume ratio=
6：4：2：1, the consumption of bone meal accounts for the 6% of compound cultivation matrix cumulative volume；
Wherein, Fructus Fici result Seedling is selected from well developed root system, eye be full, no disease and pests harm 6 years raw result Seedlings.
Described root relief is processed as：Injured root system is rejected, lateral root prunes smooth, and long lateral root cuts short 15～20cm of reservation rush
Which grows fibrous root, and original fibrous root will retain 15～20cm.
Step (2), field planting：In Optimization-type heliogreenhouse, the Fructus Fici result Seedling field planting that Jing steps (1) are processed is being planted
In plant hole, plantation density is l × lm, and the depth of planting is defined with ground level by nursery stock root neck, spreads 1cm or so after irrigating root water
Thickness fine sand；
Step (3), plant are processed：After field planting, as a result Seedling carries out that cave storage rich water is processed, 3% cyanamide solution smears successively
Bud process, 1 month after field planting, respectively sprays foliage fertilizer 1 time for 2 months and 3 months；Described foliage fertilizer is followed successively by for N, P, K proportioning
The nutritional solution of 400mg/L, 35mg/L and 65mg/L.Pruning is carried out to Fructus Fici plant：Retain two-layer major branch on trunk,
Per layer is stayed 2～3 major branches, next year cutting back at 40～60cm on major branch, and, apart from 28～30cm of ground, two layer by layer for ground floor major branch
30～35cm of vertical dimension between major branch, formation " doing " font are tree-like, and 2～3 prolongation branches are stayed on each major branch；Every plant of Fructus Fici is matched somebody with somebody
Standby corresponding frame, treats that Fructus Fici major branch separates prolongation branch, Fructus Fici plant major branch is dredged layer shape and is transformed into happy shape, will be away from ground
Prolongation branch at 40～50cm is pulled open, and extends to the canopy face at the top of frame by the inclination of 40～45 ° of its tip angle, is bundled in branch is extended
On canopy face, frame frame type is formed；Managed using full exposure spraying, keep 20～25 DEG C of canopy temperature on daytime, 13～15 DEG C of night canopy temperature
(being not less than 10 DEG C), soil moisture 75%～90%.Occur in the fructescence of in October, 2015 observation Fructus Fici plant young sprout
Number, leaf area, ground diameter Morphologic Characters, soluble sugar, Pro, MDA physiological and biochemical index, total sugar, strain product, soluble solid,
Total acid fruit economic indicator, evaluates plant strain growth index Q, is shown in Table 9.
Wherein, described cave storage rich water is processed as：3～4 caves, cave diameter are dug along kind plant hole circumference centered on kind of plant hole
It is 20～25cm for 15～20cm, depth, imbeds heap grass, consumption is 2000～2500kg/667m2, 0.3% is spread fertilizer over the fields on heap grass
Urea liquid, the upper covering film of heap grass.Described heap grass is that be made up of wheat straw, sawdust and Caulis et Folium Oryzae compound covers grass；Using wheat straw, saw
It is conventional use that end and Caulis et Folium Oryzae mix as heap grass, and straw, Caulis et Folium Oryzae are cut into broken section of 6cm or so first typically, then equal with sawdust
It is even to mix, lay after forming heap grass, do not consider every kind of material usage.Mulch film adopts 12S black and white bicolor mulching films.
The vine growth and development situation of the lower Fructus Fici of 9 the present embodiment of table process
| Young sprout generation number/ | 21.67±1.53 | Soluble solid content/% | 32.7±0.25 |
| Leaf area/(cm2) | 50.39±0.87 | Total acid/% | 0.78±0.02 |
| Ground diameter/(cm) | 4.04±0.06 | Total sugar/% | 20.59±1.1 |
| MDA/[μmol/(g·FW)] | 0.07±0.01 | Single plant yield/kg | 21.19±1.11 |
| Pro/[μg/(g·FW)] | 63.2±1.5 | Growth index | 21.67±0.57 |
| Soluble sugar/% | 2.08±0.06 |
Embodiment 2
The composite cultivation substrate that cultivation garden ground is mixed using turf, decomposed cow dung, Vermiculitum, perlite and bone meal,
Turf：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum volume ratio=3：2：1, the consumption of bone meal accounts for the 6% of cultivation matrix cumulative volume；Other with enforcement
Example 1 is identical.There is number, leaf area, ground diameter Morphologic Characters, soluble sugar, Pro, MDA Physiology and biochemistry and refer in Fructus Fici plant young sprout
Mark, total sugar, strain product, soluble solid, total acid fruit economic indicator are evaluated plant strain growth index Q, are shown in Table 10.
The vine growth and development situation of the lower Fructus Fici of 10 the present embodiment of table process
Claims (10)
1. a kind of greenhouse Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
Step (1), pretreatment：Before sprouting to early March Fructus Fici bud in late Febuary, the Fructus Fici result Seedling of robust growth is taken,
Carry out root relief, beta pruning to process, overground part trunk retains 50～60cm, and the Fructus Fici result Seedling after pruning is with ABT2 root-growing agents
Reason；1d before field planting, pours permeable to cultivation garden, and using lime water to garden ground disinfection, excavated diameter is 25～30cm, depth
Spend the kind plant hole for 30～35cm；Wherein, described cultivation garden ground adopts turf, decomposed cow dung, Vermiculitum, perlite and bone meal
The compound cultivation matrix for mixing；
Step (2), field planting：In Optimization-type heliogreenhouse, the Fructus Fici result Seedling that Jing steps (1) are processed is colonized in kind of a plant hole
In, the depth of planting is defined so that nursery stock root neck is concordant with ground, spreads fine sand after irrigating root water；
Step (3), plant are processed：After field planting, as a result Seedling carries out cave storage rich water process, cyanamide successively and applies bud picking process, field planting
Foliage fertilizer 1 time is sprayed within 1 month afterwards, 2 months and 3 months respectively；Pruning is carried out to Fructus Fici plant：Retain two-layer on trunk
Major branch, per layer is stayed 2～3 major branches, the cutting back at 40～60cm on major branch, forms " doing " font tree-like；Every plant of Fructus Fici is equipped with
Frame, treats that Fructus Fici major branch separates prolongation branch, Fructus Fici plant major branch is dredged layer shape and is transformed into happy shape, will away from ground 40～
Prolongation branch at 50cm is pulled open, and extends to the canopy face at the top of frame by the inclination of 40～45 ° of its tip angle, is bundled in canopy face branch is extended
On, form frame frame type；Managed using full exposure spraying, keep 20～25 DEG C of canopy temperature on daytime, 13～15 DEG C of night canopy temperature, soil
Humidity 75%～90%.
2. Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), described
Fructus Fici result Seedling be that well developed root system, eye be full, no disease and pests harm 6 years raw result Seedlings.
3. Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), described
Root relief process：Injured root system is rejected, lateral root prunes smooth, and long lateral root cuts short 15～20cm of reservation, and original fibrous root retains 15
～20cm.
4. Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), prunes
The processing mode of Fructus Fici result Seedling afterwards：The Fructus Fici result Seedling viscous 5s of 600～800mg/L ABT2 root-growing agents elder generation libation at an ancient wedding ceremony, then soak
Bubble processes 3～4h.
5. Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), described
Lime water concentration be 10～30g/L.
6. Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), described
Compound cultivation matrix in turf：Decomposed cow dung：Vermiculitum：Perlite=6：4：2：0～1, preferably 6：4：2：1, it is described
The consumption of bone meal accounts for the 6～8% of cultivation matrix cumulative volume.
7. Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), without flower
The plantation density of fruit result Seedling is l × lm.
8. Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), described
Cave storage rich water process：Along 3～4 caves of plant hole circumference digging are planted centered on kind of plant hole, a diameter of 15～20cm in cave, depth are 20
～25cm, embedment heap grass, consumption is 2000～2500kg/667m2, 0.3% urea liquid, heap grass overlying ground are spread fertilizer over the fields on heap grass
Film；
Described cyanamide is 2.5～3% cyanamide solutions；
Described foliage fertilizer is the nutritional solution that N, P, K proportioning is followed successively by 400mg/L, 35mg/L and 65mg/L.
9. Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), without flower
The two-layer major branch of fruit plant, ground floor major branch 30～35cm of vertical dimension between 28～30cm of ground, two-layer major branch, each
2～3 prolongation branches are stayed on major branch.
10. Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method in greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), described
Frame be horizontal rack, frame includes 4 root posts, forms rectangular horizontal canopy face in column top support rail, two groups
The distance between parallel cross bar is respectively 1.0～1.2m and 0.8～1.0m, horizontal canopy identity distance level ground 2.2m.
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